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Page 12A—Wednesday, July 27, 2016 The True Citizen
Aphids in Cotton and Their Control
By: Katie Burch
County Extension Agent
It is that time of year when
Aphis gossypii, commonly re
ferred to as cotton aphids, start
making their presence known.
Cotton aphid numbers have
been increasing over the last
couple of weeks. This is an
issue we deal with every year,
especially toward the later part
of July. Cotton aphids can in
fest cotton plants from seedling
emergence until harvest and
injure plants by continuously
feeding on them. Cotton aphids
produce a liquid known as
“honeydew” which can reduce
harvest efficiency and create
problems at the textile mills.
Aphids are slow-moving,
soft-bodied insects. Aphids
may be recognized by the oc
currence of two tail pipes on
the end of the abdomen. Like
all aphids, both nymphs and
adults have piercing-sucking
mouthparts. Both winged and
non-winged adults are encoun
tered, but non-winged adults are
most commonly encountered
in cotton when populations are
high. They vary in color ranging
from pale yellow, blueish green
to grey-black.
Aphids generally build to
moderate numbers and many
generations are produced each
year. Interestingly enough,
aphid population may eventu
ally crash due to a naturally
occurring fungus. The fungus
is referred to as the “Aphid
Fungus" This is the most valu
able and effective non-pesticidal
control of cotton aphids. Once
the aphid fungus is detected in a
held, we would expect the aphid
population to crash within a
week or less. When this fungus
hits, entire held populations are
reduced from peak densities to
nearly non-existent levels. This
fungal insect epidemic will typi
cally occur in our area in early
to mid-July. Usually, after the
crash in aphid population, they
will not resurge during the
remainder of the season. You
may notice the presence of gray,
fuzzy aphid cadavers, this is
indicative of the fungus.
We have very effective insec
ticides for controlling aphids;
however, UGA research has
not shown a consistent yield
response when aphids are con
trolled. For many producers,
plant health is a major factor
when it comes to deciding
whether or not to spray an
insecticide. Generally, aphids
cause no signihcant damage un
less conditions such as drought
are already stressing cotton
growth. Also, aphid popula
tions may flare up by use of
many insecticides that reduce
the populations of important
predators and parasites that help
control aphid density. If growth
is being impacted across the
held, insecticides may be war
ranted. Be sure to look for the
naturally occurring fungus first,
if you are considering the use of
insecticides.
Why Black Lives Matter To Me
By Adam Vogal
There are deathbed conver
sions. I was there for one. The
day before he died in 2003,
I asked my grandfather what
was the greatest thing he had
done in his 86 years of life. He
thought for less than a second,
and said, “ I saved a black man’s
life in the middle of the Pacific
ocean.” My grandfather was a
Navy sailor during WWII and
as far as I had always known, a
lifelong racist.
As he spoke, I was startled
that he said, “black man.” He did
not use any derogatory phrases
to describe the man he had saved
nor the pilots who sunk his ship.
The n-word and the term “Jap”
that I had been accustomed to
him using all during my child
hood were missing throughout
his entire description of his ship
being sunk by Kamikaze pilots.
But now he was facing his end.
Things changed rapidly.
As he described his part in
saving the black sailor when
they hit the water, and the battle
that led up to it, I could see the
new pride he felt in his heroic
actions. I could also see the ac
ceptance that at the end of his
life, he knew he had been wrong
in his thinking about others.
The greatest thing he did, in his
entire life, was to save someone
he despised only because their
skin color differed from his. My
grandfather, at that moment,
became more of a teacher to me
than he had ever been.
I became my grandfather’s
witness. Facing his own im
minent death, he clearly rec
ognized that the way he had
chosen to be in the world was
not the way he wished he would
have been. I saw him compre
hending that the choices he
had made to create separation
from other human beings were
ones that he now regretted, im
mensely. In his words, I saw
him trying to enlighten me to
the importance of not having
regrets about the way I treat
other people when I come to the
end of my life.
Thanks to the instruction of
my grandfather that day, I take
up the cause of #blacklivesmat-
ter today because I believe in the
equality and equity of all human
beings. I believe that every per
son, without exception, deserves
the dignity and restorative jus
tice that will create the world we
all deserve to live in. I believe
that black and brown bodies are
equal to white bodies and should
be honored and preserved in the
same way by a police force that
takes an oath to do so.
We can honor black lives
and honor white lives. We can
respect black lives, white lives,
and the police officers that take
an oath to protect them all. If
you don’t think this is possible,
I direct you to Wichita, Kansas,
where Black Lives Matter and
the police picnic together, reify
ing these very possibilities.
I offer this to you today be
cause we need to do better as we
act and react with one another
in these uncertain times. Don’t
wait until your deathbed. Be
bold, be brave now.
Adam Vogal, Associate Edi
tor of PeaceVoice, is a Conflict
Resolution master’s candidate
at Portland State University.
Ashley Clark, a rising 11th
grader at Edmund Burke Acad
emy, completed his Eagle
Scout Project on April 23. Ash
ley, along with the assistance of
Troop 25 members and parents, built and
installed canoe and paddle board racks to
be used at Magnolia Springs State Park.
He and his older brother Myers, who com
pleted his Eagle Project last August, will
be recognized in a formal Eagle Court of
Honor on July 30.
AN EAGLE!
Waynesboro scout
leads project at
Magnolia Springs
Church news
Annual Revival
Pine Hill Baptist Church will hold its Annual Revival Services
Aug. 16-19 at 7:30 p.m. nightly. Rev. Virgil Lynch, pastor, invites
the public.
147th Church Anniversary
Pine Hill Baptist Church will celebrate its 147th Church An
niversary Aug. 21. Rev. Virgil Lynch, pastor, invites the public.
2016 Youth Revival-Soar Like An Eagle
Fellowship Missionary Baptist Church will hold its annual
Continued from page front page 8A
Youth Revival August 23-25 at 7:00 p.m. nightly. Minister Nakia
Williams, Jr. of Antioch Rock Creek MBC, Waynesboro, will be
guest minister. Pastor Donald A. Long, Sr. and the Fellowship
Missionary Baptist Church family invites all the youth to come
and get revived.
Youth Anniversary
Bryant Grove Baptist Church will celebrate its Annual Youth
Anniversary on August 28 at 11:00 a.m. Minister Nakia Williams
will be guest speaker. Rev. Edward Blueford, Sr., pastor, invites
the public.
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VARIANCE HEARING
A variance hearing will be held August 16, 2016 at
7:00 p.m. in the Commissioner's conference room
in the Burke County Courthouse. The requested
variance if approved would allow for a reduction in
the width of easement/access corridor to serve an
additional parcel. (Sec. 26-147).
The property is located at 486 Craig Rd. Hephzibah,
GA (Tax Map 042, Parcel 01 7). The appeal is being
presented by Ms. Georgianna Foland.
CITY OF WAYNESBORO
PROPERTY FOR SALE
The City of Waynesboro will be accepting
sealed bids for the following property:
All that tract or parcel of land, with improvements thereon, situate,
lying and being in the City of Waynesboro, Burke County, Georgia,
McBean Road Subdivision, known, designated and identified as Lot
No. 6 in Block “B” of said subdivision as described by a plat of survey
prepared by W. H. Wise, dated April 10, 1946, a copy of which plat
is recorded in the Office of the Clerk of the Superior Court of Burke
County, Georgia, in Plat Book 2, Page 255, and incorporated herein
by reference for a more particular description of the location, metes,
bounds and dimensions of the property herein conveyed. Said
property has a common address of 712 Cates Avenue, Waynesboro,
Georgia 30830. Said property is further identified in the Office of the
Tax Assessor of Burke County, Georgia as Map 073A, Parcel 087.
Sealed bids will be accepted until August 5, 2016 at 4:00 pm. Sealed
bids may be mailed or delivered to City of Waynesboro, 628 Myrick
Street, Waynesboro, Georgia 30830. Please note on the front of
envelope “Attn: Jerry Coalson; Sealed Bid for 712 Cates Avenue”.
Bids submitted by fax or email will not be accepted.
Title to the property will be conveyed by Cuit-Claim Deed only. Bids
will be opened publicly on August 8, 2016 at 11:00 a.m. in the Council
Room at Waynesboro City Hall.
The City of Waynesboro reserves the right to reject any
nonconforming bids or to reject all bids and cancel the sale.
FINANCIAL FOCUS
A College Degree Is Still a
Smart Investment
Summer is almost over, which means it’s “back-to-
school” time. If you have young children, you may be
purchasing backpacks, pencils, notebooks and similar
items. But one day, you could be shopping for colleges
— and when you do, you’ll find the bill is a little bit higher than the one
you get from your local school-supply
store. That’s why it’s never too soon to start saving. Just how costly is
college? For the 2014-2015 school year, the average expense — tuition,
fees, room and board — was $18,943 at a public four-year school and
$42,419 at a four-year private school, according to the College Board.
And if recent history is any guide, these numbers will likely keep climbing.
But there’s no need to panic. For one thing, your child may be eligible
for loans, grants or scholarships. Still, you will likely end up shouldering
some of the financial load, and you may ask yourself if it’s worth it. How
much difference can a college degree make in the lives of your children?
Actually, college still seems to be a pretty good investment: The average
college graduate will receive about $1 million more in lifetime earnings
than the average high school graduate, according to the U.S. Census
Bureau. So when you assist your children in getting to college, you can
be reasonably sure that you’re at least helping them start on the path
toward a rewarding career. How should you put away money for college?
Unfortunately, more parents use a general savings account than any
other method, according to Sallie Mae’s How America Saves for College
2015 study. These accounts pay little or no interest and offer no tax
benefits. As an alternative, consider investing in a 529 plan. Contribution
limits are quite high, and federal taxes won’t be assessed on earnings
used for qualified higher education expenses. (The earnings portion of
withdrawals will be taxed, though, and can incur a 10% penalty if the
withdrawals aren’t used for qualified expenses.) Furthermore, your 529
plan contributions may be deductible from your state taxes. But 529
plans vary, so be sure to check with your tax advisor regarding
deductibility. Another college funding option is a Coverdell Education
Savings Account, which, like a 529 plan, can generate taxfree earnings
if the money is used for higher education expenses. You can typically
only put in a maximum of $2,000 per year to a Coverdell account, but it
offers more flexibility in investment choices than a 529 plan. You could
also consider a custodial account, known as either UGMA or UTMA.
You can put up to $14,000 per year into a custodial account without
incurring gift taxes, and earnings would only be subject to the “kiddie
tax” — that is, the first $1,050 is tax-exempt, the next $1,050 will be
taxed at the child’s tax rate, and just the amount over $2,100 will be
taxed at your tax rate. However, once your children reach the age of
majority (either 18 or 21), they take control of the money and can do
whatever they want with it — and their plans may not include college.
Don’t wait too long to begin funding whichever savings vehicle, or
vehicles, you choose. Your children may be young today, but before you
know it, they’ll be college bound.
This article was written by Edward Jones for use by your local Edward
Jones Financial Advisor.
David Tapley