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THE OBSERVER, No. 11.
Saturday, July 6,1839.
Libertas est putestas faciendi id quod jure freest. —
Cicero.
Liberty is the power of doing all that which is per
’mined by law.
The revolution of times and seasons has again bro't
round the period of celebration of a great and glorious
event. Our National Anniversary has once more re
'curred, to recal to our minds, and refresh our hearts
with, the remembrance of the deeds of our forefathers,
and of die boon which was secured to their descend
ants by their toils and labors. It is a season for seri
ous thought; for deep and chastened reflection. At
least it has always been so to me; and although it
: glads my heart to see my countrymen greet the return
•of this anniversary, with shouts of joy, with loud huz
zas, with pageants, bonfires and illuminations, it never
fails to visit me with a feeling of peculiar solemnity.—
Well do 1 remember me, that even in my days of boy
hood, often when I have been awakened atearly dawn
by the heavy roar of the cannon’s mimic thunder, and
the merry peals of the bells from the Temples of the
Almighty, my heart would leap within my bosom, as
my first thought told me they ushered in “the fourth
of JULY.” The Fourth of July ! What a halo seems
to rest about those few simple words! My boyish
thought would busy itself with the terms of that un
paralleled instrument, which gave freedom to a people,
and existence to a nation. Then would my mind's
eye rove over the map of our country, and rest in turn
upon those names, blazing with glory, which have been
rendered immortal by the heroism of our ancestors. —
Bunker Hill, Lexington, and Concord ; Trenton, Sara
toga and Yorktown, and a hundred others which are
engraved in characters of light upon tho tablets of his
tory. And as I thought upon all these things, I could
feel nty heart swell, my blood would course rapidly
through my veins, and every nerve would thrill with
delight.
“ Thy spirit, Independence, let me share,
Lord of the Lion heart, and Eagle eye;
Thy steps I’ll follow with my bosom bare.
Nor heed the storm that howls along the sky.”
It is profitable to reflect upon these things and thus
foster and cherish in our hearts the spirit of liberty; a
spirit which I ant sorry to see is gradually becoming
weaker and weaker amongst us. Let not this an
nouncement he considered hasty or thoughtless—l have
long reflected on this subject, and 1 am daily more and
more convinced, that, although enjoying the blessings
of civil liberty, the degree of religious liberty w hich we
enjoy is almost nothing; that our freedom is more in
theory than in practice , and that by far the greater
number of us are bound by chains of prejudice or opin
ion, which are as much worse than those chains which
were burst asunder by our fathers, as the mind is su
perior to the brute matter which constitutes our bodies.
It is a truth, although a melancholy one, that we are
not free, although we may assert the fact as we will.—
.Look, reader, at the words which I have placed at the
head of this paper: “ Liberty consists in the power of
doing all that which the law allows.” Now, if thi be
a true definition of real liberty, I appeal to the of
any thinking man in the community, if we do possess
such liberty at the present day. How many men are
there, who, though intimately convinced, and satisfied
in their own minds of the entire lawfulness and strict
propriety of a particular act, yet, dare not, aye ! dare
not do it—Why? because, forsooth, some who do not
think in the same way, take upon themselves to de
nounce such act as unlawful! Does this show a spirit
of Independeiltc ? A true love of Freedom and In
dependence should net only render us indisposed to
submit to tyranny, but it should also prevent us from
wishing to tyrannize over others. Now let us apply
this test, and see whether such spirit exists amongst us
Is it not notorious, that vast numbers of persons, who
have formed themselves into societies either civil, so
cial, or religious, are daily and hourly engaged, I do
not say in propagating their opinions; this they have
the right to do; but in forcing their opinions upon oth
ers who do not think as they themselves do. Do not
they not go even further than this: when they cannot
make others adopt their own opinions, do they not fre
quently endeavor to force them to act as if they had
adopted them? do they not persecute them, not indeed
by bodily punishments, but by that woYst of all perse
cution, the destruction of moral character, if they dare
to act for themselves, and in opposition to the ideas en>
tertained by these self-constituted guardians of the cor
rectness of public opinions and the purity of public mo
rals? Are not these facts? Can any one gainsay
them ? Is it not before our eyes unceasingly ? How
many are there, who, if you were to ask them, “ why
do you not do this thing, or that ?” would be obliged,
in a spirit of truth, to answer: “It is not that I think it
wrong, but I dare not do it; such a society opposes it,
and if I were to do it, I should gain their ill will, I
should be injured in my business, my daily avocations
would suffer, and even my moral character might be
attacked.” I have known such to be the fact. And
is this liberty ? Is it not rather the worst of tyranny,
the most inveterate persecution ? It is worse than the
so much execrated Spanish Inquisition ; because it is
more insidious, more secret, les3 visible in its action,
whilst it aims, at the same time, at the complete thral
dom of the mind and thought; a thraldom infinitely
worse than that, from which, the sacred document
whose promulgation we have just commemorated pro
nounced us free, and which the subsequent labors of
our own Immortal Washington and his glorious band
of patriots, succeeded in destroying.
It becomes us then, at this season, to reflect deeply
on these things, and endeavor so to regulate our minds,
and our conduct, as to lose no jot of those inestimable
blessings, which our forefathers purchased for us. Let us
remember that we all, as brothers, have an equal share
in the great inheritance which they have left us ; that
the right, which we all assert, to break our own chains,
docs not involve the privilege of imposing chains on
others; that civil liberty is nothing, absolutely nothing,
unless coupled with liberty of belief, liberty of opinion,
liberty of action. Intolerance and bigotry nre the sa
tellites of Tyranny, the executioners of her infamous
decrees; whilst Tolerance and Charity are the hand
maids of Freedom, and the dispensers of her blessings.
Every man possesses the inherent, indefeasible right to
hold such opinions as his conscience will approve of—
but he has no authority to impo-e the burthen of those
opinions on his neighbor. Heavy is the woe, denoun
ced against those who, like the Pharisees, “ bind bur
thens, heavy to be borne, and lay them on other men’s
shoulders.” Let us remember this. If our neighbor
comport himself as becomes an honest man and a good
citizen, what is it to us, what may be the character of
his own private opinions, political, morul or religious?
Even if his opinions should be wrong, we have no right
*o interfere with them, so long as he does not endeavor
to promulgate them or to act outwardly in accordance
with them. We have no authority for breaking into
the sanctuary of a man’s private thoughts, judging or
condemning according to our own view*. Such con
duct would be tyrannical and in direct opposition to the
spirit of Liberty, whi h hates oppression in any form.
In conclusion, I would recommend to my readers
the following maxim of Augustin, as a good rule to go
by: (I quote from memory) “Sit in essentia, uni>as;
in opinions, libertas; in omnibus, charitas In things
essential, let there be UNITY ; in matters of opinion, li
berty ; in all things, charity.” A.
I have met with an eccentric correspondvnt, who
•elk me that lie bad a singular dream or vision the oth
er evening, in which Pstcr Pindar appeared to him
The cooveraauoit between himself and the shade of
Peter, he has versified and handed to me for publisa.
tion. They may serve to amuse the reader.
THE VISION.
Ye Gods of Song! that are not dead before,
Look down, and aid one rhyming mortal more! _ |
If e’er a bantling wanted help, ’tis mine ;
(E'en mongrels need die magic aid of nine.)
A lying anecdote says Voltaire prayed
Thus in a storm —“Oh, grant me but this boon;
I that so seldom trouble thee for aid,
Nor will I beg another favor soon.”
P.ior Peter Pindar plied his pliant per,
Against the faults of Kings and Holy men;
His muse, alas, fed on too rich a diet,
Died of a surfeit, and cannot rest quiet.
Last night, indeed, I scarce had closed my eyes,
Or sleep her piippies o’er my pillow shed,
When, straight I saw the ghost of Peter rise,
And shake his withered laurels o’er my head !
“ Young man,” said he, in a low guttural sound,
That shook thq very chamber walls around;
Young man,” said he, “ I know thy thirst for fame;
Here, take my laurels, and my farspread name;
Go boldly forth; stoop not to meaner things—
(As mean as any is a cropt-crowned Friar,)
Than mitred Priests, time-serving Monks and Kings,
So shait thou compass all thy vast desire.”
He paused for a reply. I felt not much afraid,
But felt more pity for the mighty shade.
“Oh reverend shade,” said I, (I knew his failing;
That vanity had been his greatest ailing.)
“Oh, reverend shade! whose glorious name afar,
Once shook the thrones of potentates and kings.
Thy tame, untarnished as the brightest star,
Still sheds its light on manners, men and things.
“ Bu s , mighty Peter, I’m surprised to find
You think this world as one you left behind;
Have you been buried, not to know that change
Has taken place in all things? Strange, oh strange!”
*• What change ? what change ?” cried Peter, with a
stare.”
“ Why change in all things; Kings are now as scarce
As chickens teeth, and Monks are lull as rare;
Friars now figure only in a farce!”
“What! what?” said Peter, “England from Kings free?
By measles, gout, or what fatality ?
Why did I live some fifty years ago!
But, ah!” cried he; and as he spoke, a glow
Os pride, a graveyard light flashed o’er his brow ;
“ ’Twas I that made them totter on their thrones.
Where have I risen ? is this London now ?
I’ll to the churchyard hie, and stamp their bones.”
“ Oho!" thought I, “ a light begins to break;”
Stop, Peter, stop; you’ve made a slight mistake.
In coming here perhaps, you went astray ;
This is not England, but America!”
“ The Devil it is! a slight mistake indeed !
Then I’m among the rebels, 1 suppose ?
I thought myself upon the Thames, or Tweed;
How came I here, the Devil only knows!
“Give me a compass; I’ll go back to-night;
I thought it was a long way to the light;
I came in six weeks, can go back in seven,
Unless 1 miss the road an i get to heaven.
Give toe a compass, or a piurnb line, quick !
I’ll dive down straight through earth and rocks and
pebbles;
I want to give the royal hours a kick.
Say what is doing here among the rebels ?”
“The Rebels ? Peter, I thought dead folks knew
All that occurred beneath our sky of blue.”
“No, no,” said Peter, “not a whit about it!”
'• Then list to me,” said I, “ How could you doubt it ?
This is the land where glorious Freedom reigns,
Where all are Kings”—here Pe'er gave a start,
And seemed possessed with agonizing pains—
“ I’ll fly to merry England like a dart.”
'•Stay, Peter, stay! there is a quicker way."
‘A quicker way! Ilow, where?" said he, “quick!
say 1"
“We travel there by steamboat without fail,
In three weeks time these iron vessels sail.”
“I’ll go by steamboat, then; go right away;
I’ll go and tamble through the silent halls;
Invisibles can travel without pay.
1 tong to tramp along their mouldering walls.”
“Before you go, dear Peter, lj will own
One thing I had forgot, one thing alone.
I said there was no King”—he gave a bow —
“No King, a wtman holds the sceptre now!”
I heard, I thought, a wild unearthly shriek,
I started up in bed—'twas break of day,
I look’d to find the ghost—a faint white streak
Seemed, on the wall, just vanishing away.
- QUIZ.
ORIGINAL.
LETTERS FROM THE WEST INDIES-No. 18.
CONCLUSION.
St. Emily, at Sea, April, 183?.
To the Editor of the Southern Post:
Dear Sir—The little roadstead of St. Croix present
ed a lively scene of activity as boats from various parts
of the beach rapidly approached us, ere we dropped
our anchor, and [the lively faces of our friends wa
ving their white handkerchiefs in the breeze as a
banner of welcome, greeted our approach—an absence
of three weeks seemed but to have cemented more
strongly those ties of social affection by which we had
become bound to them during many months of unin
terrupted domestic enjoyment. Our good Danish Cap
tain, to whom I several times had occasion to allude in
the early part of these papers, was far from the last to
give form and pressure to his heartfelt greeting, with a
warmth of affection belonging more to the sunny land
of his adoption than to tho distant and icebound coast
of his Cintbrian fathers, he welcomed us once more to
his Island home. Nor was ho alone in this generous
welcome: another kind hearted Dane who had been
an inmate of the same house with ourselves, gave us
an equally heartfelt greeting. Accompanied by his
wife, a lovely and ac-.-omplished woman, they had come
from Copenhagen, to spend the winter in the C'lony
Though she bad been taught English classically, her
extreme timidity at first made her reluctant to attempt
to pronounce it among those who spoke it as their na
tive tongue; hut after a few days social intercourse
with the ladies of our party, to whom she became much
attached ; her reluctance gave way to the desire to re
ciprocate our attentions, and she soon spoke many
word* almost as well as ourselves, yet the little ludi
crous. mistakes she sometimes made in using terms less
familiar to a foreigner, created much amusement in
our family circle, in which she good-naturedly partici
pated. One evening, while the who e party, invalids,
valetudinarians, and our host's family, were enjoying a
game of Blindman's Buff in the great Hall, Mrs. J. be
ing blinded, had ineffectually attempted to secure a suc
cessor, until the exertion almost overcame her, when
the band felt from her eyes before a large mirror—she
exclaimed with much artlessnes«: “O, what will Mr.
\ J. say if hr sets me so pink in the head” meaning red
in the face, for which she had made these odd rnUap
| pbcitio t of terms; Mr. J, being at chat moment out of
i (he, room
| The Danes partake of the same refined taste for mu
sic that disiinguisties their German neighbors; hence,
Mrs. J. wae prepared to often delight us with the per
formance of tbnee beautiful, soft, and sometimes thrill-
THE SOUTH
ing pieces which are found in the national compositions
of the German musical authors; and so perfect is their
system of teaching, that those who were best able u>
judge, often said she never missed a note or omitted a
variation —generous Danes, we may never meat again.
Be your noble and disinterested friendship embalmed in
the hearts of many Americans who may be driven to
seek the renovation of their enfeebled constitutions in
your lovely distant isle.
Short as had b< en tho period of our absence, the
small circle of fellow invalids we had left behind, had
suffered a diminution of its numbers. Another little
mound had been added to that quarter of the church
yard set apart for the strangers graves. One who had
been urged by his friends, as a last and forlorn hope,
to seek this as a place of restoration to a frame totter-!
ing with the emaciation of a consuming disease, had
calmly laid him down to rest under the green sod, sur- j
mounted by the wide-spreading branches of the mas
sive cotton tree of the English burying ground, there
to rest until the morning of the resurrection.
With such tenacity do we cling to every hope of
lengthening our probation here, that many are induced,
against the better judgment of their friends, to under
take a fatiguing and ofien protracted voyage here, af
ter their disease lias progressed beyond ail possibility
of arrest. Such, under the ennervating influence of
the heat of the climate, wither and sink like a wilted
flower. But those who are left with sufficient strength
of constitution to resist the influence of disease after
those causes which produced it are removed ; as the
cough leaves them they soon begin to feel strengthen- j
ed,and if they can but get rid of this troublesome con- ,
comitant which had fastened itself upon them in the
variable climate of their native home, they rapidly rise
in strength and spirits, and may perhaps be permitted
to re urn with a promise of lengthened days.
We stayed but a few days at St. Croix after our re
turn, the lading of the ship and the necessary outfit for ■
the voyage being all that detained us. On a beautiful;
evening, the 6th of April, our friends assembled on the
little wharf of West End, to give us a hearty shake of
the hand, as our feet, probably for the last time, trod
; the soil of this distant spot, endeared to us by so many
grateful recollections. We were on board as the sun
was sinking beneath the western waters, the cheerful
song of the seaman at the windlass told that our an
chor was loosed from its fastening, and we ore now on
our way to home, and friends, and country, “ dearer
than all.”
“ Shades of evening close not o’er us,
Leave our lonely bark awhile;
Morn no vision may restore us
Os yon dim and distant Isle.
Yet my fancy may discover
Sunny spots where friends still dwell;
As round my heart thy shadows hover,
Isle of Beauty, fare the well.” M.
For the Southern Post.
To E .
Vainly rove my trembling fingers
O'er the lyre of joy and song :
Not a tone of music lingers,
As they sweep its chords along.
Like that heart of ancient story,
Restins silent as the grave, _
T.ll the day-god’s glance of glory
To its strings a cadence gave ;
So, without the light of gladness,
Soundless is the poet’s lyre—
Shrouded by the gloom of sadness,
Mournfully its strains expire.
List then to the simple breathing
Os a heart whose joy hath fled ;
O’er whose grave the wild flower wreathing,
Soon may shade the early dead.
Oil! may all his wildest dreaming
Hath portrayed or sought to know,
O’er thy path like sunlight gleaming,
Give the happiness below.
May the hopes lie dare not cherish,
Brighten all thy future years,
. While with him alone shall perish,
'What might waken grief or tears.
Thine be pleasure, love, and riches—
And affection’s ministry—
For himself —he only wishes
Place within thy memory !
HENRY, So. Ca.
For the Southern Post'.
Lines taken from an Album.
Eagle’s are proud when they soar towards the sun,
The conqueror’s proud when his battles are won;
Beauty is proud when the conquest she gains,
Or the humblest of poets is proud of his strains.
And forgive me if something like pride should be mine,
To write a few lines in an Album of thine.
But my pride and my pleasures arc chastened by fears
As I look down the vista of dark rolling years :
And reflect that the progress of time must ere long
Bring oblivion to friendship, and silence to song ;
Thus thinking what mingled emotions are mine,
To write a few lines in this Album of thine.
HENRY.
For the Southern Post.
WRITTEN BY A YOUTH.
The soul, with sorrow stricken, knows
One refuge from the world's cold scorn;
A resting place from all its woes,
Where blighter hopes are born.
Though all the ills of earth betide.
There is a calm repose, •
Where leaving all the world beside,
The spirit gladly goes.
When, wearied mid the storm, the bird
On oceans seeks arresting place ;
But naught, above its waves, is reared,
, Where he can be at peace.
Then wheeling in his cheerless course,
He seeks his well loved nest;
And there, though storms without rage hoarse.
He smiles and is at rest.
Thus by the cares of earth beset,
Thy bosom I will seek;
And there reposing, will forget
The clouds that round nte meet
There pillowed, to remembrance lost.
I’ll hide me safe from |iarm,
And care-worn, weary, trouble-tost,
I'll find with thee a calm. FRANK.
f.*Laata* t hi
Ateafc TO RENT,
' A comfortable DWELLING HOUSE, on
Cherry street, convenient to business, and in
good repair. Apply to
JOHN i. BENNETT.
July 6 37rp
Fire Engine, Teniter, Hose, &c»
f IMIE Phoenix Company offer to sell their entire ap
-1 paratus, for fifteen hundred dollurs cash. The
Engine, which was built and received the prize of the
American Institute, in New York, in 1830, lias been,
w ithin a year, repaired and handsomely repainted, is of
a convenient size, and very compact; the handles be
ing on the sides, requires from 14 to 16 men to work
her, and is completely furnished with Pipes, Torches,
Span tiers, Ac. Originnlcost $2,300.
The Tender or Hose Reel is 18 months old, built in
this city, of the best materials, patent boxes, &c., and
is capable of holding Coo tect Hose. It now contains
400 feet of the heat double n vet ted leading Hooe, im
ported from Philadelphia, in 1837. In point of useful
ness and beauty, the engine, for one of her class, can
not lie stupas* and, anil is only sold on account of being
too small for 'lie present purposes of tba Company. |
Apply to
K. tt. STONEY, or
R. W BACOT, Charleston,
A. ALVAREZ, » Augustine
July 4 r «
RN POST.
iouHjrrit |losf.
OFFICE, ON THIRD-STREET, ONE DOOR FROM MULBERRY*
STREET, AND OPPOSITE THE CENTRAL nOTEL.
MACON:
SATURDAY. JULY 6,1839.
SEVEN O’CLOCK, P. M.
In consequence of not having received our usual sup
ply of paper, and not being able to obtain a sufficient
quantity until late lasi evening, the issue of the present
number has bean delayed to this late hour.
We nre constrained to make another appeal to
those who arc indebted to us—and we do hope that it
w ill not be as fruitless as formerly. Money we must
have front those who owe us, or else we will have to
suspend the publication of our paper. Whether our
subscribers are willing that this should be, remains to
, be seen.
THE CELEBRATION OF THE FOURTH.
VVe do not know when we have had more cause for
satisfaction at the celebration of our anniversary, than
the one just past. The procession was formed accord
■ ing to the programme in our last, and conducted to the
Presbyterian Church, where a large concourse of per
sons had already assembled, to witness the ceremonies
of the day, which were opened by a prayer from the
Rev. Mr. Cassels, and Music by the Choir. The De
claration of Independence was then read by Mr. Gre
sham, in a beautiful style and an impressive manner.
A chaste and elegant Oration was delivered by our
j highly esteemed and talented fellow-townsman. Mr.
D. C. Campbell, which met with a hearty response
j from all present, divested as it was of that party spirit
j which has of late too much characterised these cele
i hrations. The services ended by a prayer from the
Rev. Mr. Pierce, when the whole quietly returned to
. their homes; and the day ended without any boister
ous mirth or outbreaking joy.
DEATH OF JUDGE CLAYTON.
I We copy from the “ Athens Whig," the following
1 article in reference to die death of this distinguished
1 citizen;
I “ Again tlie angel of death has visited us, and taken
from amongst us, that enlightened statesman and illus
' triotts citizen, Augustin S. Clayton.
j “To scan the life of this eminent man would be far
beyond our abilities, could we find words to do him
jjustice. To say that he was a man of sterling honor
and strict integrity ; a politician of distinguished ability
; and a powerful champion of the State Rights partv ; a
: scholar possessing a matured and cultivated intellect,
and a founder of one of the literary societies attached
! to our University ; a warm friend, and a kind master ;
a tender husband and a most devoted parent; would
j convey but a faint idea of the many noble qualities
) which were concentrated in him, yet lie was more than
; all this. Taught by a stroke of Providence to put his
j trust in God, and to look forward with a more sustain
| ing hope to a place on his ri u * hand —he was a sin
cere Christian; and his death bed assured his friends,
that he now reposes in the bosom of his God. Tjius
has passed away one ot the first of men—and though
he is no longer amongst us, his memory and virtues will
long be engraven on the hearts of all who knew him.”
NEW YORK SPIRIT OF THE TIMES.
The last number that we have received of this ex
cellent journal of the times, contains a fine engraving
of the celebrated racer, John Bascomb.
“SOUTHERN BEE.”
We have received a Prospectus for anew Literary
! paper to be established in Columbus, in litis State, and
edited by Messrs. Win. J. Ellis and James tl. Tiek
nor. We wish the entei prize every success, and shall
shortly find room for the prospectus.
ittr The following is the circular of the Georgia His
torical Society, recently formed in Savannuh. We re
' joice at this—it is a society that should have been form
led long since, as much of historical interest concern
ing our State, might have been preserved through their
labors.
CIRCULAR.
Savannah, June 26th, 1839.
Sir.—Tite Library Committee of the Geor
gia Historical Society, beg leave respectfully,
to request of those interested in its design, to
transmit ot the Corresponding Secretary, as
soon as convenient, whatever of the following
Books or Documents they may be disposed to
contribute to the archives of the Society
Journals of the Provincial Congress, and
Colonial and State Legislatures ; Records of
the proceedings of Conventions and Commit
tees of Safety ; Journals of the King’s Coun
cil ; original and later Statues of the Province
and State ; Treaties with any Indian Tribes, or
witli any State or nation.
Reports of Boards of Health ; Statistics of
birth, deaths, the deaf, dumb and blind ; ac
counts of sjiecial Epidemics ; copies of Medi
cal Journals; Catalogues of VledicalColleges ;
and members of the profession are earnestly
requested to prepare reports on the medical
topography of the various places where they
I may be located.
! Sketches of the Histories of Cities, Towns,
Counties; for whom named, together with
Maps, Surveys, Charters, and whatever relates
to tlie civil history of the State.
Mcteoroligicai observations; Reports of
Geological and Mmerological Surveys, and
every thing relating to the Natural History of
the State.
The earliest notices of Indian tribes within
[our boundaries, their manners and customes,
| their battles and skirmishes; the adventures
and sufferings of captives, and travellers in their
territories; the Indian name of rivers, hills,
districts, islands, bays, and other places, witli
i the traditions attached to the same, together
with their monuments and relics,
i Sketches of the lives of all eminent and re
markable persons who have lived in the State,
or were connected with its history ; original
journals,letters, documcntsand papers, illustra
ting tlie same, or of our ancestors generally.
All works relating to tho History of Geor
gia, its Colleges, Academics, and Seminaries ;
minutes and proceedings of scientific and
literary associations, orations, sermons, ad.
dresses, tracts, essays, pamphlets and poems,
delivered or written on any public occasion,
or commemorative of any remarkable event;
magazines, almanacs, reviews, and newspapers
from their first introduction into the colony.
Tables of exports and impoits, price cur
rents, reports of rail roads, canals, hanks, and
insurance offices ; proceedings of chandlers
of commerce, registers of vessels mui steam
boats, notices of the rise and prouress of agri
culture, and manufactures of every kind, and
the nature and amount of fisheries.
Mi'itia returns and regulations; the num-:
ber, location, and date of incorporation of
volunteer corps ; the names of field, staff and
general officers; description of all fortifi
cations that have been, or now are in existence,
notices of battles and battle fields, and of the
invasions, depredations, and skirmishes, hv and
i with foreign nations, from the first settlement
of the colony.
Proceedings of conventions, assemblies,
Ay nods, presbyteries, conferences and religious
associations of all kinds; sketches of the
origin and progress of individual churches,
names of the officiating clergy, with the date of
their settlement, the sect to whch they lielong
and the time of the removal or death of all such
as have left their charge, or have deceased.
The Committee would respectfully state, that
while in the above specifications, they have re
garded merely their ewn state, yet they by no
means wish to limit lire donations to. or collec
tions of the society, to topics purely local in
their interest. They solicit contributions of
books,manuscrips, pamphlets, newspapers, and
every thing which can elucidate tlie history of
America generally, as well as Georgia in par
ticular; and they sincerely hope that this call
upon the liberality of all who love the honor of
our commonwealth, and desire to |)erpetutite
the faithful records of her existence w ill be
responded to, with an ardour that will insure
the complete success of the Georgia Historical
Society.
JAMES M. WAYNE,
WM. LAW,
JOHN C. NICOLL,
ROB’T. M. CHARLTON.
WM. B. STEVENS,
Committee.
N. B.—Whenever private conveyance can
be obtained, for the transmission of books,
documents, &c., it would be preferred to for-,
warding them by mail.
Editors m the State favorable to this Society
are respectfully requested to give the above
one insertion.
COMMUNICATED.
Mr. Editor—You were, no doubt, present at the cel
beration of our anniversary; and if so, lam sure you
were as much pleased as the audience generally seem
ed to be, with the Oration delivered by D. C. Camp
bell, Esq.; an oration replete with patriotic sentiment,
. clothed in chaste and beautiful language, marked by
gracefulness of diction and case, and appropriateness
of delivery. But it needs no praise of mine : my ob
ject, in addressing you now, is to suggest the propriety
of having the oration published for tlie benefit of those
who did not hear it, and for the renewed gratification
of those who did. Should such disposition be made of
it, it will be a source of pleasure to many of your
READERS.
EXTRACT TROM THE REPORT OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER OF
THE CENTRAL RAIL ROAD.
Taking the eastern terminus of the Western and At
lantic Rail Road in De Kalb county, as a common
point, the distances respectively to Charleston and Sa
-1 vannah, will be as follows:
GEORGIA ROUTE.
| From the eastern terminus of the Western and At
lantic Rail Road in De Kalb county—
Miles.
To Madison ) (65
From Madison to Greensboro’ > Geo. Rail Road j 25
From Greensboro' to Augusta ) ( 79
From Augusta to Charleston, S. Carolina R. R. 137
30G
CENTRAL ROUTE.
From the eastern terminus of the Western and At
lantic Rail Road in De Kalb county —
FromForeyth to Macon, l Monroe R ' RonJ !25
From Macou to Savunnah, Central R. Roa!, 123
287
Difference in favor of Central route, 19
This difference in distance is so small as to be of lit
tle consequence. Let us, however, carry the compari
son a little further, and examine the relative capacity
j for transportation, See., of the two routes.
The Central Rail Road presents an uncommonly fa
vorable profile, having no inclination of grade exceed
ing 30 feet per mile, and no curvature on a less radius
than 2000 feet. The alignment consists, for the most
part, of straight lines; in some instances 16 miles in
extent —and is in all other respects, capable of sustain
ing as much traffic as any other rail road in the South
ern States.
The Monroe Rail Road is finished,‘and now in use
from Macon to Forsyth, 25 miles, and issimilar in point
of allignment and grades, to the Georgia Rail Road.—
The remainder of the distance to the State road in De
Kalb county, is known to possess uncommonly firvora
; ble features for a rail road route. Taking the “ Geor
gia route,” —the South Carolina Rail Road, although
gi nerally free from frequent curvatures, has several of
less radii than 2000 feet. The maximum of inclina
tion of grade is 36 feet per mile, and the road is more
over burdened with an inclined plane requiring a sta
tionary steam engine.
The Georgia road has a great number of curves, and
a small proportion of long straight line, though none of
the curves are on radii of much less than 2000 feet.—
Tite road is in all other respects excellent— completed
ns far as Greensborough, 79 miles. The distance
thence to Madison, 23 miles, is under contract, and it
is presumed may be compared with the part finished,
as to grades and curves. From Madison to The West
ern and Atlantic Road, the route is most difficult, and
the construction will be very expensive, though it is
supposed a location is practicable without exceeding
an ascent of 36 feet per mile.
To compare the cost of the two routes, the “ Geor
gia route” may be estimated as follows:
From the eastern terminus of the Western
and Atlantic Road to Madison, 81,200,000
Madison to Greensborough, 600,000
Greensborough to Augusta, 1,200,000
South Carolina Rail Road, 3,000,000
$6,000,000
CENTRAL ROUTE.
Central Rail Road, $2,300,000
Macon to Forsyth, 450,000
Forsyth to Western ond Atloutic Road, 1,000,000
$3,750,000
Difference in favor of Central route, $2,250,000
In the above statements, great accuracy either in dis
tances or amounts, is not aimed at; but whatever er •
rare there may be, will not affect insteria'ly the result
; of the comparison
It Will of course lie admitted that the expense*)! keep
ing the roads in repair on the Central route, will not
exceed that of the other, as the proportion of deep cul
ling and heavy embankments, is'far less on the for
mer than the latter.
It follows then, that with the same amount «f busi
ness, the Stockholders of the Central rotlte may re
duce their rate of freight, to at least one-ibird lees thua
those of the Georgia route, and realize equal profit*
In relation to the merits of the city of Savannah as
a commercial mart, I will only remark, that the bar at
die entrance of the river is not excelled by any aouth
of the Potomac. I have seen ships drawing 20 feet
water pass over it.
The city is less than 20 miles froth the ocean, and
ships carrying 2000 bales of cotton have loaded at the
wharves, and by dropping down 8l miles may take in
2300 or npvt ards.
It is muted unnecessary to say more in favor of Sa
vannah as an outlet for the great Southern staple, than
to mention the fact, that her exports of cotton have tor
several years past Exceeded those of Charleston, by
many thousand bales per annum.
On the score of health, it may be confide rtlyafflrrh;
cd, that no city in the Southern States com shew more
favorable bills of mortality, in proportion to the popula
tion, lor the last 12 years, than the city of Savannah.
*—■
By This Afternoon’s Mail.
From the N. York Journal of Commerce.
Twenty-three days later from England.
New York, July 1.
By the arrival of the steam packet Liverpool, which
arrived on the 30th ulf., we have received Liverpool
papers to the 13th, and London of the cvemng of the
12th. Commercial affairs, we are happy to say, have
assumed a somewhat more favorable appearance.
As to general intelligence, although we have “an arm
full” of newspapers, we are obliged to disappoint ouf
readers almost entirely in their expectations of news.
All tlie thrones of Europe are the same aide up they
have been for « month, and the Cabinets nlso. The
movements of Merchants, rather than of Prince, now
seem to command the world's attention.
COTTON MARKET,
Liverpool, June Bth. — There has been a good and
general demand during the whole of the past week,
and prices of American, particularly the ordinary and
good fuir qualities are Id per lb. dearer than they were
at the close of last week. The sales sum up 23,039
bags, of which 500 of American on speculaUon. Im
ports this year, 433,033 bales against 752,317 same pe
riod of last. Present stocks, 331,230 against 362,220,
Quotations —Uplands, ordinary to fair 71 a Bld ; good
fair to fine 9 a 91; Orleans 71 a 101; Mobile and Alas
bama 71 a 10; Sea Island, ordinary to fair, 20 a 25;
do. good fair to fine, 27 a 36; do. Stained, 7 a 16,
June 10.—Since Friday there has been a good de
mand from the trade ; the market is firm, and rather
higher prices have been obtained. The sales on Sa
turday were about 4000 bales, 500 Surat for exporta
tion ; to-day 4000 bales to the trade.
June 11.—The sales to-day amount to 2500 bales,
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE.
Burning of the Episcopal Church of the
Ascemnm.— Just before four o’clock yesterday
afternoon, a fire broke out in a frame building
in the rear of tlie corner of Elm and Canul sts.,
occupied as a Carpenter’s shop in front and by
a family as a dwell.ng, which soon corninuni
caled to the extensive distillery, 199 Elm st.,
owned by Havens, Suyduin & Cos. of Front
street, and, as we understand, under the super
intcndance of Mr. A. Mitchell. There being
in the Distillery several hundred hogsheads of
liquor, the whole building was soon enveloped
in (lames and destroyed. We learn that
Messrs. H. S. & Cos. arc fully insured ia the
North American Company.
The sue then communicated to the rear of
tlie block of two story brick dwellings on
Howard st. The church is under the pastoral
church ot the Rev. Dr. Eastburn, and at the
time the fire broke out, the afternoon service
was not yet over, and the congregation rushed
out in great confusion. The interior of the
Church was entirely destroyed, and only thtr
blackened walls remain. The Lecture room»
qnd extensive Sabbath school library adjoining,
towards Broadway, is also nearly in ruins.
We believe, however, most of the books were
saved.
FIRE.
At 4 o’clock this morning, a fire broke out in the
two story frame building on the north east corner of
Hudson and Springstreets, which was entirely destroy
ed. The budding was owned by Mr. Charles Mcln
tyre, who occupied the lower part as a hardware store,
the upper part was occupied by Mrs. Church, as a
tuscan and straw hat manufactory.
No. 226 Hudson street, two story brick building,
known as the Albion furniture warehouse, owned and
occupied by Mr. William Church—the upper part de
stroyed—insured for SIOOO.
No. 257 Spring street, two story brick house, consid
erably damaged in the rear.
No. 259 Spring street, a wooden tenement, occupied
by James Caulderhan as a bakery, was considerably
damaged. A frame building in the rear of the above,
was entirely destroyed.
THE LATE GEN. JOH.V FLOYD-
The intelligence of the death of Gen. Jbhi»
Floyd has been received in this city. YVe
wished a confirmation of the report, before we
announced the decease of a gentleman Ur
whose services his State, in a military capacity
hav t been so conspicuous, and whose memory
will be revere I by many of our readers through
out the country, who remember him ns the
fearless and interpid soldier. General Floyd,
at one period ofhis life, had the honor ot repre
seating Ids State in the Congress of the Union,
and was always respected and esteemed in
cvety station, which his confiding fellow.citi
zens invited him to occupy. YVe are not
qualified to do justice to his many virtues.
Those who knew him better can better speak
his praise. Savannah Georgian.
DKKItIiKOOK,
VNEW Novel, by Mis* Mart menu- Fndian Tale*
—inquiries respecting the Mental Character* of
the North American Indians,, by Schoolcraft, iii«i ro
coved and fur sale by C, A. ELLS.
June 22 _ 35
CHAPIN’* ORNAMENTAL MAT
OF TIIE UNITED STATES, for at the
Book Store of (' A. KLI>.
Jum 49 E: