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<s anfaßarbara
Skulls
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C . r AM) m3 ?2zm<s
Do They Belong to
humans of the
Neanderthal PeriodP
Oy JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN j
y I’ADKS arc trumps these
day*. All over the wond
dyjSBKSLft white men • are. (JiggibS-
They are not searching fhr
U'kdriM Pb'ntes’ treasure or for
a VtTsStf native gni’cl. They' are <ll3-
sins for. Information about
thcfnge of tlie tfortd, about
tin* age of man, about the
evolution of the', human race. They
want to know where the earliest in
habitants of America came from. And
when he arrived. They are trying to
find the cradle of the human race.
They ale, hoptrful of uncovering the
■“missing link.” They are anxious to
know how- far back recorded history
goes. “Information wanted,” might
Ira sign bn 'every camp of diggers.
Science wants to know. Let the dig
gers find the material and science is
hopeful of reading it.
Astonishing finds are reported nt
frequent intervals from all over the
globe. Some of these finds “throw a
monkey wrench” Into accepted scien
tific theories. All of a sudden every
thing Is upset and t lie archeologists,
paleontologists, anthropologists, eth
nologists, and all the rest of the sci
entists have to reconstruct their the
ories and go to digging more indus
triously than ever.
The Santa Barbara skulls nppenr to
have had more or less of this monkey*
wrench effect. These skulls are sup
posed to be those of paleolithic man—
which is to say of man of nn age of
early stone Implements. This would
make these skulls very, very old. It
Is thought they were found in strata
at least 25,000 years old. And that
completely upsets the apple cart, so
far as previous theories of the age of
the First Families of America are con
cerned.
These skulls were dug. up by Dr.
.1. p. Harrington of the Smithsonian
Institution, lie found them in Burton
Mound, a small hillock about 900 feet
hack from the ocean beach near Santa
Barbara,. Calif. He tentatively iden
tified them ns Neanderthal or Cro-
Magnon. Whereupon all the scientific
world focussed its attention, tempora
rily at least, upon Santa Barbara.
Immediately the words, “Santa Bar
bara man," were born. Why not? We
have the Neanderthal man, the Hilt
down man and the Heidelberg man, to
say nothing of the Java man. pithecan
thropus erect us, possibly older than
any of them. And if tills Santa Bar
bara man should prove oldest of the
lot his name will lead all the rest —
until some older man Is dug up.
The cliff dwellings In Mesa Verde
National park and in several national
monuments in the Southwest are relics
of n prehistoric nice, whose origin and
end are unknown. This race appar
ently abandoned Its cliff dwellings
about I.SOO years ago.
Jesse Nusbaum. superintendent of
Mesa Verde, ha* recently unearthed
pottery and artificial reservoirs be
Heved to belong to a much older civi
lization than that of the cliff dwellers.
These may date hack to 1000. B- C., 01
even to anearller time. -
Dr. O. A. Turney, fellow of the
Royal Geographic society, has recent
ly found near Humboldt, Ariz., two
human skeletons, which lie thinks are
| those of men older than any race in
the Southwest.
The Mayas of Yucatan, the Aztecs
of Mexico and tli,e Incas of Peru were
old. old, civilizations.
But if Harrington’s tcnta
tive identification of the Santa Bar
bara man as Neanderthal nr Cro-
Magnon stands up under investiga
tion—wliy any other American finds
are young indeed by comparison.
For the Cro-Magnon people suc
ceeded the Neandertluilers as masters
of Europe 25.000 years ago or even
earlier.- . ’• *
Professor Harrington, however, has
been led to think by further investiga
tion that his first tentative estimate
will not stand. He believes now that
the owners of the skulls roamed the
coast of California at a period prob
ably S.OOO years ago. Characteristics
not possessed by the Neanderthal and
Cro-Magnon men have been fouild in
the skulls of the Santr Barbara man
after closer study. Doctor Harrington
said.
Scientists who flocked to Santa Bar
bara confirm Doctor Harrington's
statement, however, that the skulls
do form a connecting link between the
modern Indian and his original ances
tor In North America. The hones and
the strata of earth in which they were
imbedded are of a type not known be
fore to scientists.
To determine more definitely the age
of the geological formation in which
the skulls were found, n topographical
survey of Burton mound has been
made hy a Smithsonian survey party
to determine the original level of the
ancient Indian settlement. Anew
shaft was then sunk to bed rock.
Samples of the composition of each
stratum were taken and forwarded to
the Smithsonian institution for tests
by geologists there.
Where was the cradle of the human
race? By what peoples was America
originally settled? Very interesting
questions which make this digging of
the scientists one of the most fasci
nating of pursuits.
The third Asiatic expedition under
the auspices of the American Museum
of Natural History nnd Asia Magazine
has recently returned, with nine tons
of important fossils. This expedition
was primarily investigating the des
erts of Mongolia, with the belief that
there would he found proof that it was
the cradle of the human race
Hoy Shipman Andrews, leader of the
expedition, is convinced that further
exploration of this region will con
firm the theory. He says:
"We nre confident that there are
formations In that country which will
reveal the secret of man's earliest or
igin. nnd these formations we expect
to uncover when we go into the region
again. We have found no direct evi
dence yet on human evolution, but we
have indirect Indications tending to
prove that central Asia was the cradle
of the human race, and our search will
be continued to find the fossil remains
the DAN.ELSV.LLE MONITOR, DANIELSVILLE, GEORGIA.
of the ancestral forms of mans remote
predecessors.”
The nine tons of fossils include:
Twenty-live dinosaur eggs, the first
ever discovered.
Seventy skulls in all stages of de
velopment of Protoceratops. This is a
form ancestral to the frilled, horned
dinosaurs of America. The eggs are
from this reptile.
A skull of the largest flesh-eating
mammal ever known —a great hyena
llke animal, about thirty feet long,
with a jaw spread of about two feet,
somewhat similar to the Mesonyx of
the Uinta mountains in Utah.
Twelve skulls of TitanothereS, an
* *
ca&zzswmz 'temsrmmimfT''
dznsympz&Tjm, iwur-■ •
extinct family of huge ’beasts first dis
covered in South Dakota.
..One. complete skeleton and parts of
other skeletons and gkuljs of rhinoc
eroses similar' to those of eastern Ne
braska. " ' * -* ,
According to Mr. Andrews, the entire
mammalian fauna of this period is
practically identical with that which
ranged through Utah, Wyoming and
South Dakota in the middle of the Age
of Mammals, except for camels, which
are'' found only in America, and for
horses, which appeal to' have been
more abundant-' in ' America than in
Asia at that time.
To geologists these fossils constitute
convincing proof of a close land con
nection between Mongolia and the
Rocky mountains in the early age of
mnmmals.
So the theory that America was
peopled from Asia seems reasonable
enough to Mr. Average Man —provided
the Asiatic man antedated the Ameri
can man.
When the whites discovered Amer
ica less than five hundred years ago
they found the Inhabitants of the
East rude and warlike, subsisting
largely by the chase, scourged by pe
riodic famine nnd low in the scale of
political organization. The most effec
tively organized were the Iroquois, rel
atively newcomers to central New
York. But in the Southwest more civi
lized tribes of agriculturists, herds
men and weavers lived in settled
towns with close-knit community or
ganization. Some of them occupied
huge pueblos.
Still further south In the heart of
Mexico Cortez found in the Aztecs an
even more advanced civilization. They
had temples and priests, kings and
slaves, arts and architecture, an aris
tocracy, a confederacy of states nnd a
regular descent for the crown. Even
more suggestive of an ancient Old
World civilization, like that of Egypt,
was the Inca kingdom conquered by
Plzarro nnd his followers on the west
const of South America In what is
new Peru and Ecuador.
The era usually assigned to the Cro-
Magnons in Europe Is from 15,000 to
50,000 years ago. It is believed that
they entered Europe from the east,
from Asia. Is it stretching things to
assume that the Cro-Magnon migration
divided, one branch going west to
America?
Incidentally, these Cro-Magnons were
presentable folk, with well-shaped
heads, equal in cranial capacity to our
own. Henry Fairfield ' Osborn, the
noted American paleontologist, says of
them: “So far as the mental power
of these men is revealed by their
brain structure, they were quite ca
pable of higher education.’’
COLHL STYLE
BUM NICE
Five-Room Dwelling That Appeals
on the Score of Utility and
Attractiveness.
By WILLIAM A. RADFORD
Mr. William A. Radford will answer
questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
subject of building, for the readers of
this paper. On account of his wide
experience as Editor, Author and
Manufacturer, he is, without doubt,
the highest authority on all these sub
jects. Address all inquiries to William
A. Radford, No. 1827 Prairie avenue,
Chicago, 111., and only inclose two-cem
stamp for reply.
Here is a simply designed bungalow
which creates a most favorable Im
pression in the beholder, principally
because intelligent use has been made
of simple structural elements. It is
simple as to floor plan, being practical
ly square, with the extension of a bed
room at the rear which cduld be elim
inated if the bungalow were to serve
a smaller family. The portico Is one
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!7inin&R.*v i Living-Ra.
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TERPACL
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Floor Plan.
such as was a favorite with early
American colonial builders, nnd no one
can deny that it “dresses up” the en
tire bungalow in a satisfying way.
Then, too, the small terrace below it
Is equipped with quaint side seats, and
there are the long-paned windows with
flower boxes below, which add yet an
other decorative touch to the exterior.
The whole structure is finished in
white, adding greatly to its pleasing
appearance.
Inside we are directly in the living
room. Tliis is very well proportioned,
and connected by an open or French
double doorway with the dining room.
These two rooms occupy the entire
front of the bungalow; the living room
connecting with the two bedrooms and
bathroom through a hall, and the din
ing room giving access to the kitchen.
In the latter there is an unusually
good arrangement of shelving, with
enbinet shelving on either side of the
sink at the side window, and the range,
Ice box and pantry so placed as to
save the steps of the housewife. At
the rear of the kitchen Is a small
porch. Glassed or screened in, it
would moke a most excellent place
for those lighter tasks which could
>e carried on away from the kitchen.
The material of which this house
,i constructed Is such as any build-
ing material dealer can re-wui,
and the plan simple anough f !! PPlyi
local carpenter to follow i n J“ y
carpenter should feel stimulated hv
well-balanced portico- it i s yhe
balanced and proportioned
would be a pleasure for him In 1
the simple Joining and wood-workil!
necessary to make it. Many 0 '
better class of building material and
ers are probably able to supply 1
so like it as to satisfy every reouw
ment. The siding is laid a bit dm
rower than is common, to create th
proper effect. The eaves are not J
closed or corniced, and In their p res .
ent shape would serve well in warmer
climates better than in the North i a
colder places It might be well to hare
them boxed- in. The roof could be
laid, with cedar or composition shin
gles, and a dark green or maroon col
or, or a variegated tone, would be very
pleasing. Observe that the garage, if
any, should match the general design
of the bungalow to make the whole
more pleasing.
The interior finishing of this house
ought ,to carry out the simplicity and
good taste of the exterior. We might
reasonably expect a plain neutral wall
finish in living room, dining room or
kitchen, using the plain textured
plastered effects now so much in
vogue, tinting with paint and calci-
mine, or using wall paper. The w
work could very well be finish and
white or cream enamel, and
rooms could use some of t !'>->
ful cretonne-looking wall j
terns that go so well with a Colon
type of bedroom. Splay-backe
,n the Windsor pattern and jojjj
four-poster beds would go
As the house Is sntn", over-stuffed
niture would not be suitab , flf
one or two pieces, like a ■
davenport.
Would Rather Have Two.
The house surgeon at [„
lum met one of his male patient
an irascible mood. ..
-whir, the matter ->*/“
morning, my man?” be
“I want to get married, doctor.
the reply. the
“Get married?” repeated th
"S’* l * ;r£.
.“Then I suppose you would like
wife' of about fifty?" . TOtlf
“Well, sir, if it's the sa
muttered the would-be
|’d rather have two a--
The farm kitchen is one place •* ier#
they keep the kettle boiling-