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Uncle Sam^i jjpv naiiyjggr 111 ' J.HAusse//, "The Marines Have Higgle Landed and Have the Situation Well in Hand" JSlOffl * t 1 By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN "raf* N A popular almanac and ; year book for 1024, pub- Hslied In Chicago by Americans for Americans, t you will And this —and nothing but this —about Haiti: V Haiti—President, Louis sloner, Brig. Gen. J. H. Russell. The area of Haiti Is 10,204 square miles and the popula tion about 2,500,000. Coffee, cocoa and logwood are the leading articles sold. Total exports (1921), $4,953,570; Im ports, $11,957,205. Exports to the flnlted States In 1923, $1,445,996; Im ports. $9,925,884. Interesting, Isn't It? And so com plete! AM about General Russell nnd what business be bus as United States high commissioner in an independent republic! Now, there’s a good story in the foregoing dry-as-dust almanac entry. For It means, of course, thnt Uncle Stun Is running Haiti. And Uncle Sam, though Lntin-Amcricn thinks he is the biggest busybody on earth, with the longest nose nnd an Itch for but ting In, and hates him accordingly, never steps In and takes charge of a country unless circumstances make It absolutely necessary. 1 You see, the Monroe Doctrine Is one of the things for which the Amer ican people will fight. In consequence It Is always kept In working order nnd Is always on the Job. And every now nnd then some Western Hemi sphere country puts Its thumb to Its nose and wiggles Its fingers at some European nation when It shouldn’t. And inasmuch ns Uncle Sam says the paid European nation must not punish the said Western Hemisphere country, Uncle Sam has to step In and make the Western Hemisphere country be hnve. Or else some Western Hemi sphere people get to acting so out rageously among themselves that resi dent North Americans nre In danger. And then Uncle Sum has to step In to protect Ids nieces nnd nephews—Just ns he lias now In Honduras, for ex nnipie. Haiti has long been a bad actor. Columbus discovered the island (Haiti and San Domingo) on ills first voyage and called it Hispaniola. Here was the birth of the buccaneers nnd the cradle of piracy In the Western Hemisphere. Never In Haiti's 115 years ns a “free republic” was there a peaceful presidential Inauguration, with the ex-president attending, until Uncle Sam chaperoned the perform ance. During the five years previous to 1915 seven presidents of the “Black Republic" had been murdered, exiled or forced from office. The climax came In 1915. President Guillaume Vllbrun Sam was chased by a mob to the steps of the French legation, dragged forth and hacked to pieces. French intervention was Im minent. Also foreign nations were pressing for the payment of debts. So Uncle Sam was forced to step In. The Monroe Doctrine gave him no alterna tive. Well, the marines— force of the United States marine corps—was sent to Haiti. And pretty soon Washington got the usual message: The marines have landed and have the eUuatton well In hand. Washington has been getting that mf/wavr //rternshonjl very same message from the marines for 150 years from all parts of the globe. It has come from the Philip pines, from Samoa, from China, from Cuba, from Mexico, from Nicaragua, from San Domingo. And it’s always literally true. In the World war It came first from Chateau-Thierry and from Beileau Wood —now Bois de la Brigade do Marine —and luter from every place the marines went Into ac tion. “Devil Dogs,’’ the Germans called them —after they had once heard the famous “growl, hark and how!” of the “soldiers nnd sailors, too.” Now, how is It thnt Uncle Snm can land an armed force on a foreign shore without having the act con strued ns a declaration of war? Well, long ago the principle was laid down and accepted that landing the marines Is not to be construed. They do not belong either to the army or the navy. As an act of war Uncle Sam ays, quite peaceably nnd pleasantly: Now, don’t fret excited. I’m Just sending some good fellows to Bee that Americans don’t get hurt. And maybe they can help you folks to keep order, If necessary. Well, the marines nre good fellows, so good that most people prefer to keep on friendly terms with them. For they are the finest fighting men on earth —nnd everybody knows it. MaJ. Gen. John Archer LeJeune is their commandant. His pet name Is, “John ny, the Hard.” And his men nre like unto him —having all passed strict mental, moral nnd physical tests and being “expert riflemen.” The marines landed In Haiti in July, 1915, beenuse Americans were In dan ger, of course. They found It neces sary to help considerably in keeping order. They found the country over run with “cacos” —bandits who were slaughtering nnd looting and had combined to wipe out all government. So the marines set about exterminat ing the “cacos.” Ilnitl Is not an easy country for a white man to travel and the bandits proved to he real fighters. Rut finally the remaining bandits made their last stand In an old French fort on the crest of a mountain. The marines charged up the slope nnd found that the only gap in the walls was a hole scarcely wide enough to admit n man. What’s more, this hole was under the fire of every bandit. Nevertheless, the first two marines actually got through alive and held their own inside the fort long enough for others to crowd in and end the j tight. ! As soon ns order was restored a treaty was signed and Uncle Sam took j charge of the finances of the 1 ankrupt ' republic. Later on an external loan of $16,000,000 nnd an internal bond Issue of $5,000,000 were floated. These provided funds with which gradually to straighten out Haiti's tangled finan cial affairs. THE OANIELSVILLE MONITOR, DANIELSVILLE, GEORGIA. One of Uncle Sam’s first steps was the creation of a national army, the Gendarmerie d' Haiti. His idea was to teach the Haitians to rule them selves without American assistance.: The natives have made good soldiers and have absorbed the Idea of loyalty to Haiti, instead of service to some particular leader. The army is 2,500 strong and has replaced the marines in nearly every interior post. Native officers are being trained in a Haitian “West Point,” the Ecole Militalre. The police and fire departments have been modernized. In the prisons starvation, filth nnd disease have been done away with and the former death rate of 50 per cent brought down to .017. Prisoners are taught a trade and share in their earpings. Monetary reform has stabilized the gourde at a guaranteed value of five to the American dollar. The elimina tion of government graft and the hon est collection of revenues has greatly stimulated commerce. Since 1915 the debt has been reduced from $80,000,000 to less thun $20,000,000. Sanitary conditions have been en tirely made over. Formerly Haitian settlements were filthy and pestilen tial beyond words. “White wings” clean the streets, sewers have been installed nnd mosquito breeding grounds eliminated. There was but one hospital in Haiti; now there are ten and in addition rural clinics, first-aid stations nnd dispensaries which yearly treat 5U.000 patients who never before were able to have med ical aid. In the hospitals Haitian doc tors nnd nurses are being trained. The public works department lias linked the country together with good roads. Eight years ago an automobile, had there been one, could not have been run three miles out of any town. There are bridges Instead of fords. There are telephony lines with 89 ex changes nnd with l6cal systems In ten towns. Streets are lighted by elec tricity. Haiti Is one of the gnrden spots of the world nnd production Is increasing rapidly In coffee and cotton. Sugar cane Is being successfully raised and pineapple production has been begun. On the other hand: Ninety-five per cent of the popula tion Is Illiterate. The schools of the country nre few nnd many of the teachers know little more than the pupils. The people are very poor. There Is no Internal tax law; revenue Is limited to exports and Imports on’y. Both the laws and the personnel of the courts need reforming. Haitians are reluctant to accept American sug gestions of change. Uncle Sam has no control over the Judiciary or over edu cation. The Income Is Inadequate. The Monroe Doctrine is a great doc trine nnd must and shall be preserved. But It puts Uncle Sam to lots of trou ble. And he’ll have to stick in Haiti for years to come —or else all that has been done will have been wasted. Tolerance It Is great wisdom not to be rash In what we do, not to maintain too obstinately our own opinion. It is also wisdom not to believe everything that men say, not presently to pour into the ears of others things which we have heard or believed. Take counsel with a wise nnd conscientious man and Seek rather to be instructed by j <>ne that is better to follow thine owt : inventions.—Thomas a Kempls. Hen House Suitable for Farm or the City Chicken Fancier 1 § § si ! L -SO-O'-SI and [lui .il mbiisiitpf'ii ii inmi* [r i) V-L 3TEP frOARDf °E N T oltiLS.T'sr / 1 O O ■=d=fe=j ■ * ■ —4r! By WILLIAM A. RADFORD Mr. William A. Radford will answer Questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building work on the farm, for the readers of this paper. On ac count of his wide experience as Editor, Author and Manufacturer, he Is. with out doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects. Address all Inquiries to William A. Radford, No. 1827 Prairie avenue, Chicago, 111., and only Inclose two-cent stamp for reply. Chickens, like other domesticated animals, require a warm, well-venti lnted house with plenty of light and air in order to produce to the utmost. But in spite of this the hen has been neglected In many ways. This Is be cause the hen is, In one sense of the word, self supporting. If no one helps her she helps herself. She never com plains about what she gets to eat or where she has to sleep. She will roost in the trees, in the machine shed or sleep with the cows and the hogs. But why let her get along in this manner when, If given a proper chance, she will become a big money maker? The hen house in the accompanying illustration is suitable for the farm or for the city fancier. It Is 20 feet wide by 20 feet long and will house from 90 to 100 hens, allowing four square feet of floor space for each hen. The available floor space reaches from wall to wall, since there are no Single Contractor Most Satisfactory in End Placing a contract for the finished house in the hands of a single re sponsible contractor usually is the most satisfactory method. When a eontrnct is let to a single contractor on a lump sum basis, the owner knows exactly what the total cost of (lie house will be if his plans are complete nnd no extras have to be added as the work progresses. This practice Is sometimes varied by plac ing most of the work under one con tract, making separate contracts only for lighting, heating and plumbing equipment. Another form of contract, which Is not likely to prove ns satisfactory as the lump sum contract, is to have the contracting builder pay for ail labor and materials, nnd receive In addition an agreed percentage of their cost. This Is known ns the “cost plus” system. Its weakness lies In that It gives the contractor an In centive to let labor and material costs mount up and that the total ultimate cost is not determined In advance. A third common form of building con tract provides that the contractor shall be paid for materials and labor, nnd a fee for supervision fixed in ad vance. Clothes Dryers Clothes dryers are part of the ac cepted standard equipment of the mod ern laundry. These cabinets dry by either gas or electricity as heat. In the winter months or in the spring when nliuost every Monday seems to he n rainy one the clothes dryer is a most happy addition to the home • quipoienL nests on the floor and the roosts are well elevated. The entire floor is made of concrete, which must be cov ered with a thick layer of straw. The building should face to the south to make all the sunlight available. The netting-covered opening in the front is covered with canvas curtains which may he lowered In severe weather. The half monitor windows keep the rear of the building well illuminated during the daylight hours. This will serve to keep the litter in the scratch ing space where the liens are fed to keep them exercising and prevent their becoming loggy and dull. It Is known that a hen will not scratch with her eyes toward a dark place. It Is for this reason that all of the straw and litter is found scratched to the rear of a hen house not properly lighted. The nests are 30 Inches from the floor and art placed on a center table out of the way of roosts. The roosts are 24 Inches above this table and are spaced inches apart. They are made of Lby 2-lnch square, with the tops rounde off nnd set In slots cut In 2 by 6 she ers, allowing them to he removed, An roosts are on the same level ' v 1 c permits the fowls to spread out over all the roosts Instead cf climbing the top roost as is customary " e one roost is higher than the other. Tiled Kitchen Labor Saver for the Home In planning the kitchen the K care should be exercised in the■ cho ‘ of wall and floor finish. Tiling this room wliea most of the > work must be done considerably ng ens the daily routine of house t and leaves more time for enjoyment of the home. , fn . Tiling is a labor-saving finis! - which no satisfactory substitute ists and any woman who once enjoyed Its advantages w again care to do withou. >• every point of view, tiling ‘ one finish, durable nnd clean; it of the most sanitary flr.,h -- lng little or no care. , No other material or finish _ By supplies the nnd color, Is so artistic - g | n thetlc as tiles. Tiles are al good taste, nnd nppn P• 11 lecorat ive periods ns well as modern decora styles and treatments. are The decorative resources "■ ■ a9 virtually inexhaustible, arc • merit goes no difference exU- give cleanliness, permanency charm in full measuTe. utllitj quirement of taste, sty can readily be satisfied. Lighting Before turning over V- . 1 compe tlons secure the advice - s tent illuminating engineer gd . tlon of equipment. The v f ' ‘ ht j n g vancement In efficient y - , v t ne equipment is little under , -'e general public ano '- ‘ _ ; -t.ns qjoney can be saved b> 1 ture with the engineer of concerns.