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Till'. .MV.SSV.A*GV,U.
AGRICI'LTI'RK.
PRODUCTS OF THE SOUTH.
We call the attention of the Geor
gia Planters to the following re
lnarks; the subject of which mer
its the most serious considera
tion.
The embarrassments experien
ced at this time in Georgia by all
classes of people, may be principal
ly attributed to the depreciation o 1
the great staple of the country, cot
ton. When immediately after the
late war the price of this article rose
so rapidly, the value of land and
negroes increased in proportion.—
Yet, notwithstanding the high price j
asked for land and cultivators, there i
were many purchasers found who!
bought for cash ; and many more on j
credit, under the impression that,
vhe proceeds of the. crops would, in
a few rears, pay the interest and
principal of the debts contracted.—
‘1 her would have succeeded, if a
depreciation in the value oi cotton j
had not taken place. This depre
ciation is owing to the great quan
tity of cotton raised in different J
parts of the world. No hopes re-1
main that an amelioration in the
price will soon take place. The
quantity of Cotton cultivated in the
United States, increases annually,
and the culture of that production
is in great progress in South Ame
rica. So that it is impossible the
planters of Georgia can entertain
•any reasonable expectation of a rise
of that article in the European mar-
. .1 !
kets. The low price ot cotton of j
consequence lessened the value of!
land and negroes, and necessarily
put it out of the power of the pur
chasers on credit to meet their en
gagements. Hence the embarrass
ments under which the people of
Georgia now labor, because the em
barrassment of one reacts frequent
ly on many others.
No doubt when cotton was at 30
cents it was more profitable to plant
the fields with it, than with oilier
kinds of produce, because cash
could readily be obtained for it,
with which the necessaries ot life
could be purchased, for the negroes
and owners, but when cotton is
becoming a mere drug; when by
experience we find that the crops
can hardly pay for the clothing and
feeding of our negroes, is it a sound
policy to pursue the same course
and continue to plant cotton to the
evident detriment of our best inte
rests. An erroneous calculation is |
made in regard to the products of j
the state, and an impression pre-j
vails that cash can be obtained only ;
for cotton. This erroneous im-;
pression and calculation induce al
most all the planters, great and
small, to plant cotton in preference
to other produce. What is the ob
ject in obtaining cash for the pro
duce? To pay debts or to buy
food and clothing. If the planter
were to plant but a small quantity
of his latfu in cotton, and employ
the remainder in pastures and in
cultivation of corn, wheat and small
grains, he would not certainly run
the risk of starving or increasing
annually the amount of his debts
Jle v vdd not depend on Tenncs-
for pork and beef,
and on the northern states for flour:
—lie would not have to employ the
small amount in cash he gets for
hi* cotton in the purchase of com
modities of an absolute necessity.
Cotton cannot feed the planter and
his negroes if he has no vent for it
and it is a fact that for some time
past, it is. very difficult to sell at any
price cot,on other than prime, in
Augusta and Savannah. If the
planters were to employ’ more of
their lands in corn, wheat, and pas
tures, they would effectually he
more independent of the western
and northern for many arti
cles of food and clothing, than they
actually are at present, l ive pub
lic markets of Savannah, Augusta,
&C. would not have to depend in a
great measure on other states for
Hour, pork, and beef; these cities
would he supplied from the upper
country. A greater quantity of
corn would induce the merchants
to speculate upon it, and to export
it to the West Indies, as they do
Iron the north ; and in a short
time that article would command
a cash price in Augusta and Savan
nah.
amount iu flour, corn. hogs.
SiC. is annually brought into Geor
gia from other states. Why ? be
cause we want it {because we stand
in need of such supplies by our own
fault. Can we pay for those sup
plies without occasioning a serious
loss to our agricultural interest .’
We could when cotton was at 30
cents ; but now that hardly 9 cents
can be had, we cannot. Can the
state itself, without the assistance
of the others, furnish a sufficient
quantity of the above mentioned ar-
ticles for the consumption of the
I population ? Certainly, besides a
large overplus. Would the state
be benefited by it? Certainly.—
Some hundred thousands of dollars
would not be carried away from
the state to Kentucky, Tennessee,
North Carolina, and the northern
stites; living would become cheap
er, which would he an inducement
to the people of other states to set
tle in Georgia and render produc
tive the vast extent of our forests ;
it would render the planters more
independent, inasmuch as they
would be well stocked with provis
ions for themselves and negroes,
j and would want but a very small
amount in cash to purchase such :
merchandize the produce of for-!
j etgn countries as they ha\ e been ha-
I bituateu to consume,and it would
i have very probably the beneficial ef
fects of opening another branch of!
exports with the West Indies. —
These Islands must be supplied
with lumber, staves, shingles,flour,
lard, live cattle, pork, beef, butter,
corn, &c. The state already sends
to the West Indies, cargoes compo
sed of many of those articles; and
why could she not add flour, lard,
corn, butter, and live cattle? It
must? be acknowledged that such
products were mere trifles in com
parison of cotton at 30 cents , but
we will never see cotton at that
price again, unless a great catastro
phe changes the position of South :
America, India, the West Indies,
and a great part of Asia. Now
that cotton is so low, why not culti
vate our lands to the best advantage
and raise such produce as will cer i
tainly defray our expences, keep us ;
out of debt, and enable us to have !
our houses well supplied with the
necessaries of life? As we said j
above if we raise cotton, and cannot
sell, we starve; but if we raise
corn, wheat, cattle, hogs, &c. and
cannot sell the surplus of what is
necessary for our consumption,
whv, then, we wo’nt starve, nor can
those around us if they be in want,
and we can more easily give a hear
ty meal to more than one passing
traveller.
The above remarks plainly given,
could be extended further ; the sub
ject is of deep importance to Geor
gia ; we may in a future number
proceed to facts, and show by cor
rect calculations, that at the present
price of cotton, its cultivation must
increase the embarrassments of the
planters, and that if they were to
abandon it as the principal source
of their income, they would greatly
be benefited.
Washington (Ga.) News.
FROM ENGLAND.
Liverpool papers of the sth, and
London papers of the 3d April
were received in New-York by the
ship Minerva.
The second edition of the Lon
don Sun, says—Government have
received the Declaration of War hij
France against Spain , as well as
the manifesto of the French Gov
ernment on its entering Spain.—
How far ministers may think pro
per to give publicity to these doc
uments, we cannot pretend to judge.
The Liverpool paper of the sth
appears to doubt the above intelli
gence, and states that no other Lon
don paper than the Sun published
it.
The previous accounts stated
that the French army would enter
Spain on the 14th of April.
From the Liverpool Mercury, April 4.
Franci: and Spain.
The rumour of a conspiracy in
the French army, noticedfn our last
publication, gained ground in the
early part of the week. The Cou
rier and the other ultra papers af
fected to connect it with the sailing
ot a vessel from the Thames, which
had on board the celebrated Llal
lemaod (arrived from America)
i and a few of Napoleon’s old offi-
I cers bound for Spain—and stated
‘♦hat ramifications of the plot(which
had for its object the hoisting of
the tri-coloured flag and the de
thronement of the Bourbons of
France) had been discovered at
Paris —and existed at Madrid and
elsewhere. That paper, which at
first gave out that this conspiracy
was thus directed against the
French, and did not exist in that
army, made an endeavor on Satur
day to deduce proof, from the si
lence of some of the late French
papers, that the alledged disaffec
tion did not exist. He says “there
is no mention made of the con-
spiracy in anv of the papers. They
allude to alarming reports in circu
lation ; contradict the report of the
arrest of General Pharney broth
er in-law of Guilleminot; hut speak
of the fruitless attempts made by
the French officers who had fled to
Spain to corrupt the French troops,
and induce them to declare for the
Bonaparte family.” Facts, how
ever, have transpired during the
week, which induce us to an oppo
site belief, and from these we de
duce the following brief details.
The French government for some
lime past, alarmed at the numbers
of officers quitting Paris for the
I south, and hearing that meetings
were taking place amongst them at
Bayonne, stopped the diligence to;
Bordeaux, and arrested the passen- j
gers. Amongst these was General ■
P;at, an old Bonapartist, whose pa- j
pers disclosed the general nature of,
the plot. It was resolved to stop
the Bayonne diligence, but the
twelve passengers booked did not
appear. Thus the Bourbons have
merely ascertained that great dan
ger exists at Bayonne, the head
quarters of the army ; and having
ascertained this, they dispatched
Victor (Duke of Belluno) the War
minister, with the title of major
general of the army, to Boyonne.
The number of officers said to be
implicated there, is forty-five, who
will be arrested immediately on the
arrival of the Duke of Belluno.—
Two of Gen. Guilieminot’s Aids
de-Camp are implicated, and he
himself, being tainted wjth liberal
ism, is suspected. On this subject
the French papers are obliged to
be silent: private letters speak bold
ly. It is expected that a regime of
terror will follow the discovery of
this plot. It is said Belluno has
left the war department in the ut
most confusion ; and the army is
daily becoming more disconten
ted. There is scarcely a Depart
ment in which a subscription has
not been set on foot to com
plimentJVlanuel—and recompense
sergeant Mercicr, who will proba
bly, in a very short time, find him
self richer by a hundred or a hun
dred and fifty thousand francs. The
Paris subscription it is said already
amounts to fifty thousand francs.
If we may believe the French pa
pers of 27th March, war was actu
| ally commenced The Spaniards
it appears had made a sally into
France. On the frontier between
Perpignan and the Pyrenees, a
corps of Spanish traitors had been
stationed undcj- the arch-traitor the
Baron d‘Eroles. On the evening
of the 17th, Mina, and General
Llobera, made an irruption into the
French territory, attacked, and are
said to have defeated the Baron.
Such was the report at Paris. Af
ter having beaten and dispersed
the troops of Mina and
the other Spanish General re-cros
sed the frontier, carrying with them
a large quantity of arms. It is said
he has now upwards of 20,000 reg
ular troops under his direct com
mand, besides the militia of the
province and a corps of 3000
French and Piedmontese refugees.
With these he purposes to enter
France the moment the French en
ter Spain, and it is probable his at
tack on cPEroles was to clear the
way for a movement of that nature.
Several French officers had sail
ed from England for Spain.
THREE DAYS LATER.
Norfolk, May 18.
By the ship Rasselas, Capt. Brig
ham, in 33 days from Liverpool,
the papers of that place, to the Bth,
and those of London, to the Gth of
April, have been received at the
Commercial Reading Room, thro’
the polite attention of Capt. Brig
ham. The papers furnish us with
Paris dates to the 4th of April, at
which time hostilities had not com
menced, nor was if understood,
with anv degree of certainty, when
they would begin. According to a
lettcj- from Bayonne, the invasion
if Spain would r.ot take place -
fore the -15th. The article frn
the London Sun, stating that ie
declaration of war had been oilicl
ly announced to the British govm
ment is, therefore, as we suspectl,
not true. Indeed, it is yet qiie ,
uncertain whether there will be ay 1
I war. If all was right with tl-
French government, they would n{
have delayed thus long before the_
struck the blow.
The proceedings in the French
Chambers do not throw much light
on the state of the army. M tie La
bourtlonnave, in the Chamber of
Deputies, on Monday the 31st of
March, animadverted upon the tar
dv and indecisive policy of M. tie
Vi Hole, with respect to and
upon the failure of his promise,
that, royalist principles should obtain
a signal triumph ! He also com
plained, that an army full of ardor
remained inactive -on the frontier,
and that it already began to want
necessaries. “ This (says the Li
verpool Advertiser of the f’tli April)
is an important admission, for if
the arrangements of the Ultra Min
isters for supplying the army are
so defective that it already experi
ences the want even in France of
the necessary supplies, what has it
to expect in a country which will
present nothing but difficulties, and
which will be cleared of every arti
cle which could possibly be useful
to it?”—The answer of the Presi
dent of the Council was silent on
this alledged deficiency of supplies
to the army, and was confined to
the vindication of the Budget. On
the following day the discussion
was resumed, when M. de Villele
concluded a speech upon the finan
ces by declaring that “ E’rance was
rapidly approaching towards the
point at which it would be freed
from difficulty—that its present
embarrassed situation was altogeth
er transient— that it was not the
effect of war, but of threatened war,
and of the uncertainties which at
tended that menace. Incertitude
(he observed) was of all things
that which was most dreaded by
the French people.” But the French
Minister leaves them in full pos
session of this dreaded incertitude
—he does not tell them when or
how it is to terminate—whether
this vear or the next—whether in
war or peace.
We find it is stated in the Liver
pool Advertiser, of the Bth April,
that a question of very great move
ment has been started, and which
has been discussed at some length
both in the English and French
newspapers, which originated in an
enquiry made of Mr. Canning in
the House of Commons, whether
Great Britain was bound by any
treaties to guarantee to the Bourbon
family the possession of the throne
of France ? Mr. Canning is &aid to
have replied, in substance, that in
case an attempt was made to re
place anv of the family of Bona
parte on the throne of France, G.
Britain was bound to co-operate
with the other Members of the Ho
ly Alliance to prevent it. With
respect to any other cause which
might deprive that family of the
French crown, the Allied Powers
(in which G. B. was included) were
only bound to take into considera
tion whether anv or what measures
should be adopted.
It is stated in the London Globe
and Traveller , of the sth, that Aus
tria has sent a Minister to accom
pany the Duke d’Angouleme and
tlie French army during their ope
rations in Spain. The Minister is
to represent the llolv Alliance, and
to see that the French Army and
the French Cabinet do not overstep
the bounds that have been marked
out to them by the Congress of
Verona; in short, to see that the
French do not take possession of
any thing in their own name, but
in that of Ferdinand. A govern
ment exclusively Spanish will be
formed, and the Spanish nation in
vited to adhere to it, under the
temptation that they will lose noth
ing but their liberty !
State of Ireland. —The provincial
news which reached us to day is
positively frightful. There was a
regular battle between the Charle
ville police and insurgent peasant
ry on Tuesday last. On Thursday
sever'd iann-ivouscs on the lands of
Lord Cork Were burnt to the
ground. A quantity of hay on the
Glebe lands of the Dean of Limer
ick arid the Rev. Mr. Bevan, was
burnefl on Friday ; and the hough
•Vll” of cattle in all parts cl t.r*
South is now a common past.Mc.—
Above 100 prisoners are to bt tried
for murder only, at the prefer* assi
zes ‘ About 20 fur rape ! and seve
ral for abduction. At the Cluumcl
assizes alone there are to be tried
126 for murder, 7 for rape, and
for the forcibly carrying oil oi fe
males. What a blessed state of so
ciety is ours in Ireland !
Dublin paper.
Among the means pursued to assure
I’m success of the French crusade
uni list Spanish liberty,one of the most
jinrilar is the spi inkling ol the Duke
if \ nfroulc!t)C c s sword with holy \\ i
ferWVis pious Batches*. We will
not attempt to excite a smile on u s il>-
iectj connected with sacred feelings
or iK'judicies; but the singular medley
of 4ar and religion ; suggests some
confederations that with les* reverence
of thought and language, might ena >le
us to disturb the gravity of the motfr
p| ()USi A*. T. American.
FROM SMYRNA.
Extract of letter, dated. Snijmit,
m, 18*23.
In Uandia success attends the
Greek cause—they e.re masters of
nearlv the whole Island.
lt‘is said dreadful misery prevail*
among the Greeks in the More*, li>r
want of provisions ; but they appear
to be determined to persevere in esta
blishing their independence to the last
extremity. Madame Bobalina, the
Greek heroine, commanded one of the
Greek columns, which stormed one of
fortresses of Napoli di Homan*. Ehe.
is said to have lost two sons during the
revolution, and all her immense prop
erty, acquired by commerce, is em
barked in the cause ol her country.
She is said by those who have con
versed with her to be a most astonish
ing vvimian.
The Turks are building 12
more frigates,and intend it is said,
in the spring to make a grand ef
fort. Their fleet is now lying at
the Dardanelles. Lord Strangford
has returned from the Congress to
Constantinople. Ibe Allied Pow
ers, it appears, will not interpose
to help the Greeks, but leave them
to their fate. ‘The approaching
summer will probably decide the
contest with the Greeks. In Smyr
na we are now very tranquil though
there was considerable ferment
among the Turks when the prison
ers from Napoli were landed ; anci
it is generally believed that a hard,
rain of two days prevented many
Greeks from being massacreed.—
This may appear singular, but I
have no doubt of its truth.
We have accounts of troubles in
Egypt. It is said, that the Turks
have made a general revolt against
the government of the Pacha of
E'gvpt; and that his son has been
lately killed by the Arabs, while
crossing the desert with 1000 camel
loads of Mocha Coffee, which were
also captured.
Very severe shocks of earthquake
had been experienced at Aleppo, The
whole country around there is in ru
ins.
The Frankfort papers of 20th
March state that the capitulation of
the Castle of Corinth, is confirm
ed, 3500 Turks having laid down
their arms on the 12th of Feb.
Patras had not yet surrendered as
was stated. The Pachas have re
ceived orders from Constantinople,
to treat Christians with the great
est indulgence.
Odessa , March G.
Letters from Constantinople of
the 28th ult. affirm that the Porte
has acceded to the proposals of
Lord Strangford. There is a re
port in circulation, that an amnesty
lor the Greeks is one of the arti
cles ; hut the Greeks say they had
not asked for any, and hoped soon
to have obtained it for themselves.
Accounts reached Ancona, Feb
-26, that Patras, one of the strong
est places in the Peloponessus was
taken by the Greeks on the 15th of
that month, by storm, and the gar
rison put to the sword. The Greeks
lost 800 killed and 400 wounded.
The arms of the Greeks are now
every where successful, and they
are acting on the offensive.
Constantinople , Feb. 10.
All the intelligence as vet from
Greece is favorable to the insur
gents. At Mrvlcne they have sta
tioned 50 vessels, who watch the
movements of the Turkish squad
ron, and threaten a descent. The
Morea is entirely in their nower.