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rhe Advertiser A' tnieUisseneer
s published on Mondays and Thursdays at r iv
'ollars per annum, in Advertisements
eii-'erti and at the usual rates: those sent without a
pecilied number of insertions, will be published
11 .til ordered out and charged accordingly.
grj* Sales of Land, by Administrators, Exe
utors, or Guardians, are required, by law, to be
irid on the first Tuesday in the month, between
he hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the
fiemoon, at the couurt-house in the ccunty in
which the property is situate. Notice of these
sales must be given in a public gazette sixty days
previous to the day of sale.
Sales cf negroes must be at public auction, on
•lie first Tuesday of the month, between the usual
hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the
-ounty where the letters Testamentary, of Admin
istration or Guardianship, may have been granted,
urst giving sixty days notice thereof, in one ot the
public gazettes of this State, and at the door of the
court-house, where such sales are to be held.
Notice fortlie sale of Personal Property must
be given in like manner, Forty days previous to
the day of sale.
Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Es
tate must be published for forty days.
Notice that application will 0b made to the
Court of Ordinary for leave to sell Laud,
published four months.
Notice for leave to sell Negroes, must be pub
lished fir four months, before any order absolut
shall be made thereon by the Qourt.
PROSPECTUS
OF THE
J&MKDST ASSTOCTSaiB,
And Agricultural and Mercantile Intelligencer.
MY recent relinquishment of a participation
. in the editorial labors of an old and well
established journal, w6uld seem to require but
few-preliminary remarks, in the proposed under
taking, were it not, that they are usually deman
ded by public expectation, and sanctioned by
custom. As there is no good reason why this
“time-honored observance” should be disregard
ed in the present instance, I shall submit an epit
ome of my principles, aad the course which shall
be observed in conducting anew journal. The
object of the proposed publication' being purely
what its title implies, supercedes 1 the-necessity
of that political commentary which tire doctrines
of the day have usually demanded; yet, as my
former professions are held with unabated at
tachment, and there being no neiTtral ground, in
the conflicting and varied sentiments, which dai
ly arise, as to both men and measures—it follows,
that 1 should not only make an exposition of my
political tenets, but also, that they should be
boldly set forth, and fearlessly defended. 1 have
ever indulged an ardent devotion to Republican
ism, as the term was Understood by its advocates
in ’tlS—a sacred regard to the letter and spirit of
the Constitution, and a determined and fixed hos
tility to every thing like constructive or implied
powers—an extension cf equal justice to all par
ties —that all power is inherent in and derived
from the people, as the original source and ulti
mate tribunal—the independence and distinct so
vereignly of the .States, and their confederacy as
a Union, under a government limited and actual
ly defined in its powers. These are the promi
nent articles of my political faith, and believing
in their correctness, shall abide by them in every
trial.
’ Among the mmy topics of deep interest that
agitato the people of ail classes, is the exercise
of unwarrantable governmental influence on the
industry and resources of the country, and the
unconstitutional expenditure of the public treas
ure to objects of Internal Improvement—measures
too frequently destitute of general benefit, and of
tentiihi-8 marked by a spirit of partiality, selfish
ness and injustice. It would be criminal for one
“seated on the watch-tower,” and in the exercise
of the duties which belong to the Press, to ob
serve, with callous iudift'erence, the causes which
have produced, and tire effects which have re
sulted from the latitudiuary construction of the
Constitution. The dangerous consequences which
may ensue, are already indicated by the excited
feelings of the country. lam deeply impressed
that wrong lias been done, and evil tolerated —
yet, with a spirit of forbearance, it would be bet
ter fur the oppressed to bear their evils whilst
they are tolerable, than “lly to those they know
not of.”
The present is an era in the history of our gov
ernment, distinguished for improvement. The
fover of his eouhtry beholds it on its “return
~intreh ,f to its oiigiiml purity and principles.—
Already has the ilis'ingjisiieil head of the gov
ernment, said—“T! ..uceessjul operation of the
federal system cai. only be preserved by confin
ing it t, the few and simple, but yet important
objects for which it was de. igned.” This is a
guaiantee, that the purpose < f the present Exe
cutive of the Union and his supporters, is an ef
fort to restore the Constitution to its original
healthy and unimpaired condition. lam h ,ppy
to accord with the Administration and its friends
in the wise and well directed course’ which is
pursued by them.
Tae time was, when to dissent from the mea
sured of ..ay of tur prominent parties of our State,
by an attachment i" any of tiw others, or to their
then distinguished organs, implied an hostility
and am unony which frequently had no bounds,
and rendered “ iVlulom, Just re , and Muderutiw
an empty and absurd profession. The times and
circumstances have now become more congenial
to better killings: the perplexing diificulties
which have surrounded us—those email. iting
abroad, and fostered at home, have subsided,
with the acknowledgment of our rights, and the
successful accomplishment of nearly ail the ends
which we have contended for. 1 can review my
past course k rulaiion to State affairs, with cheer
ing approbation; my future efforts will be inti
mately connected with tho past; and it is hoped,
without offence to an adverse party. The writer
does not believe in the infallibility of matt, nor
in their perfection as a party; it will therefore be
any endeavor to support Worthy men, and ap
prove such orthodox measures as may emanate
from genuine patriotism and unadulterated re
publicanism —such measures as w ill best answer
the ends of our free government, and of our
State's interest:—such in in as will “defend the
tights of the People, the Sovereignly of the
Slates, and tiw Constitutional authority of the
Union against all encroachments.”
It shad be my Studious endeavor to render the
Jittdtigeiu'er an Agricultural and Mercantile ve
hicle: to efft ct it, i shall hasten to possess my
self of all. the necessary materials which these
amp : e subjects furnish, to untold every species
a>( information which will be thought to instruct,
to interest, and to please, it is believed,' that
the mutual conjunction of interest, between the
Merchant arid Planter, cannot fail to render ac
cept..hie fo one, whatever may benefit the other.
My (jlotts i-jlndl be used to procure the earliest
r;nd most useful ujercuntile information, and lay
it before tlie public; and it will be my desire to'
Vo into ilura! Allah's, and garner the choicest ayd
best offering* for tnv Agricultural readers.
MARMADUKE J. SLADE.
Macon, January 1, 18111.
g-.*-r- s— "11 - -11 ■■■• - 11 — 1
Judge Peters —A lawyer engaged in a case
‘ felon Judge Peters, tprmcnted a poor German
witness so much with-questions, tint the old
man declared he was so exhausted that he
ryust hate a dunk of wafer before lie could
.j . am.t i?ngsnori> Upon this the judge call
ed out jo the tc&zing lawyer, “ 1 think sir, you
must have done with the witness now, for you
Ly ,c J .'i mped liiai flrp.— Journal of Jaw. j
rrnr. MACON ADVERTISER. AND AGRICULTURAL AND MERCANTILE iNTOLLIGLNtgjR
Ala M A ———: ' :.t: ■ ~ ■ ■ ■ ■ - < 1 — —— , •j . Kn Rstimdfted r.MPpint<
“The Herald of a noisy world.”
Latent from Europe*
New York, April 0.
By the packet ship York, Capt. Parsley,
we have received Liverpool papers to Febru
ary 24th, and 1 ondon to the 23d inclusive,
containing Paris dates, by express, to the
21st.
It will be seen from the extracts subjoined,
that great excesses have been committed in
Paris- A letter from London, dated Feb. 22d.
savs:—
“The continued agitations in Paris, the
state of Belgium and Poland, and insurrec
tions in Italy, have confirmed the impression
here, that war between France and someone,
or perhaps all of the three great Northern
Powers, is inevitable. Our own and all con
tinental stocks have fallen in consequence.”
Changes are spoken of as about to take
place iu the French Ministry. It is said that
M. Odillon Barrot will succeed M, Montali
vet, and that M. Real will replace M. Baude ;
with other additions from what is called the
Mouvement , or liberal party.
The Cotton Duty. —lt appears from the
accounts received by the York, that the cot
ton duty as originally proposed, was Id. per
lb. on all sorts. The proposition produced
great dissatisfaction at Liverpool and Man
chester, and deputations were immediately
sent to London, who discussed the matter
with the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The
result was stated in Parliament on the 21st.
Tim Chancellor said, —
His plan was this: he proposed to substi
tute for the present 6 per cent ad valorem du
ty on printed calicoes, a duty of § of Id. per
pound oa all imports of raw cotton, without
any drawback export duty—excepting, of
course from the operation of the tax, the cot
ton of our East India and other possessions,
lie meant also, for reasons w hich he would
state on another occasion, to allow the draw
back duty to operate for three months.
' Sir. R. Peel was understood to ask the no
ble lord how he meant to make good the loss
to the revenue from his proposed reduction
of duty on printed calicoes?
The Chancellor of the Exchequer said,
that the amount of the East India duty was
so trifling, as* to be almost beneath consider
ation: The amount of the other duty would
not make up the loss in question ; but the a
inount of that duty, together with that of the
duty on printed calicoes, would make it up.
FROM TIIF. MANCHESTER HERALD.
The Cotton Tax. Wc do not remember ev
er to have witnessed so strong a sensation as
was produced among the mercantile classes
of this town, by the announcement of Lord
Altirorp’s intention to lay an additional im
port duly of Id. per ib. upon cotton wodl.
It will be seen by a reference to another
part of our paper, that the Chamber of Com
merce have resolved to use every exertion to
induce the minister to abandon this impolitic
tax ; and for this purpose a deputation, con
sisting of the boroughreeve and some of our
leading merchants will proceed immediately
to l-oiidon.
London, Feb. 21, (evening.) There has
been much gloom in the city, to-day, end the
slight hope which prevailed early in last
week, that it was still possible the peace of
Europe might be preserver!, is fast disappear
ing. All are now looking to Paris, as the
scene of more immediate danger, with the
most anxious interest; and should the pres
ent struggle end in the subversion of the
French Ministry, there is scarcely a mer
chant to be met with on the Exchange who is
not ready to confess his fears of the w'orst
consequences. This event is, indeed held
to be so probable, that they begin already to
discuss the question how far a w ar in Europe
commenced by French aggression or inter
ference with other powers, ought to involve
tlxis country-
ALARMING STATE OF PARIS.
A funeral mass for the Duke of Bcrri was
celebrated on the 14th Feb. at the church oi
St. Germain P Auxerrois, and against the ad
vice of the magistrates at Paris. In that old
sanctuary all the celebrites of the Carlist fac
tion had a rendezvous, and collected money
for the wounded of the ex Royal Guard.—
A bust of the Duke de Bordeaux was para
ded in the church, and the consequence was
that the crowd assembled without rushed in
to the church and put to flight the whole
assembly. The people then broke into the
presbytery, and were prevented, with the ut
most difficulty, by the National Guard, from
precipitating in the Seine several priests.—
The multitude around the church was im
mense the whole afternoon. In a short time
the line gilded cross, with the flours-de-lis at
its angles, which crowns the steeple, raised a
general cry of rage. The National Guard join
ed the people i.i demanding its destruction.
Workmen were sent for, and under protec
tion of the National Guard, at torch light,
with municipal guards about the church,
the cross was precipitated, and fell with a
thundering noise, amidst the tumultuous ap
plause of the people, and the full chorus of
the Marseillais. The night was pretty calm,
but immense parties of people, shouting
“Down with tho priests!” filled the streets.
On the following morning another scene took
place, of which it is impossifile to give any
description. The multitude succeeded in
taking possession of the church, and not an
altar, nor a glass, nor a chair, nor a bit of
wood is left. Ail the gold and silver orna
ments were conveyed to the Louvre, in mock
ceremony, and some of them thrown on the
tombs of the victims, opposite which the cu
rate of the church had thought proper toper
form this Carlist exhibition. However, no
body perished. The National Guard saved
everv priest who was attacked. Paris was
in the most violent state of effervescence for
several davs.
On the 15th, the church of St. Paul was
attacked, and ail the objects ornamented with
the lleunwle-lis destroyed; many in wood
were brought out and burnt before the chureh.
Several persons who were carrying off arti
cles they had stolen were arrested. In the
evening the cross was pulled down amidst
loud acclamations. At the church of Notre
Dame, an officer of the National Guards, who
attempted to prevent the populace dislodging
the cross, was roughly handled. Tri-colored
flags have Iv n hoisted bj the people upon!
the churches of St. Sulpice, St. Etienne du
Mont, St. Gervias, and St. Laurent. The
church of St. Germain 1’ Auxerrois has been
metamorphosed into the “Mairie du quatri
eme Arrondwsemeot;” the facade was bril
liantly illuminated, and about 9 o’clock a
bust of Louis Philip was placed on the plat
form, Where it was inaugurated amidst the
applauding shouts of the people, and sur
mounted with tri-colored flags.
The fleurs-de-lis sculptured under the gal
leries of the Exchange were on the 16th
covered with plaster, and those in front of
the Palais Royal were on the 17th ordered
by the King to be removed in the course of
the night.
The Monitcur of February 16th contains
a Iloval ordinance which provides that in fu
ture the State Seal shall represent an open
book, with the words “Charte de 1830,” sur
mounted by a crown, with the sceptre and
hand of justice crossed, and tri-colored flags
behind the shield.
Extract of a letter , dated
Paris, Feb. 17, (evening.)
After I scaled my despatch yesterday, I
took a round through this metropolis.**** I
then crossed the river, and proceeded in the
direction of Notre Dame, where, if it were
possible to be amused with desolation, there
was a source of humor certainly provided for
those who had a predisposition for mingling
gaiety with sorrow—a kind of market was es
tkblishcd for the edification of those who had
destroyed the Archbishop’s palace, to enable
them, after wantonly destroying the articles
of value one evening, to buy up, amidst loud
hilarity, the fragments of their pious labors on
the next. Here were boatmen who had fish
ed up some of the Archbishop’s books, con
taining wet and torn leaves of folio volumes,
the thick and splendid binding of which had
resisted both the Vandals and elements. I
examined several, and bought a few—one an
illuminated Pentateuch, the splendid remains
of which will, I fear, perish in mildew, in the
attempt to extract the moisture. It was the
boast of the venders of these articles that
each book was torn and kicked before it was
flung from the windows, so that the priests
could no longer make use of it, to humbug
the people. Bits of band and rent sacerdotal
garments were handing about and selling as
trophies of the Archbishop’s spoils for a few
halfpence: and children were picking up out
of smouldering piles little fragments, and re
peating the coarse epithets which were in
universal use around them. Drury Lane The
atre after its conflagration did not exhibit a
more complete ruin than does now’ the spaci
ous palace, which was once that of the Arch
bishops of Paris.
Had the present prelate, and his curate of
St. Germain l’Auxerrois, been tossed by the
populace into the Seine, for permitting after
due notice of the consequences, the celebra
tion of a ceremony, which was inevitably cal
culated, in the present temper of the times,
to excite civil commotion, few people would,
l believe, have swam to help them out of the
water by their canonicals: but it is no tri
umph to reflecting reason and truth to see
the authorities wink at this wholesale devas
tation of literature and the arts by a lawless
mob; done, be it known, twice within 24
hours, the second visit being the fatal one in
town, and under the eye of the municipal and
military guardians of the public peace, and
yesterday in the country, at the Archbishop’s
beautiful seat of Conflans, where the work of
demolition was likewise on repetition of the
popular visit completed; but in complement
to the arrival of the local guard, it was agreed
that fire should not be applied to the walls ol
a country seat, after It had been made a
“shell” by dilapidation. The cry of the peo
ple is, “In our hurry last July we forgot the
priests, but their furn is now come, and we
must not forget their acquittance.” The two
Princes Schwartzenburg, and a crowd of mil
itary gentlemen, were standing near a friend
of mine, w hile the mob were pulling down
the Archbishop’s palace, (town,) and they re
marked that often as they had seen soldiers
running in trenches, they never saw the work
of battering executed with such signal rapid
ity as it was then doing by the people, who
were racing upon the roof of the palace like
cats, perpetrating the general demolition.
February 18.—I never saw so complete a
ruin as the Prelate’s residence presents.—
There is not a vestige of furniture, or of the
rich ornaments of the State Apartments. The
great suite of rooms occupied, I believe, by
the Pope when he came to Paris to crown Na
poleon, and then refitted at a most extravagant
expense for his Holiness, presented a sad
spectacle: of the rich crimson and green vel
vet decorations of these apartments hardly a
shred remained on the walls. Nothing but
the bare walls remain in its place; and crowds
were looking across the river at the good
work of their hands with the liveliest satis
faction.
February 19.—The Prefect of Police pub
lished an ordinance prohibiting mobs and tu
multuous assemblies in the streets and public
places, on pain of being dealt with according
to the utmost rigor of the law.
From the Gazette of France, Fi b. 18.
The crisis is at hand. We can now say so.
But for the National Guard the Republic
would have been proclaimed yesterday in
Paris; and what a Republic! Such a one as
would have commenced in the devastation of
the churches, the tearing down of the Cross,
and violence against the Clergy. Wc must
say, however, the Republican movement has
gained ground in these latter days, for they
have delivered up to it the insignia of religi
on, and the emblems of royalty.
Orders of the day addressed to the troops of
the First Military Division.
Soldiers! Do not listen to the perfidious
insinuations of the enemies of the king and
of liberty! Philip the First will know how
to defend it, as he will the Crown which he
has received from the nation. The criminal
attempts of tho partizans of absolutism and of
Charles X. will be -frustrated by your firm
ness. You will be faithful to those oaths to
which the French people have sworn, and the
King will keep his. The enemies of the
glorious Revolution of July are as much those
of the King as they are ours; and he will put
himself at your head to destroy them, if such
adversaries etui make up their minds to fight.
The Lieut, (federal, PAJOL.
Paris, Feb. 19.—The image of our Saviour
has been removed from all the apartments of
the Palais de Justice. At 6 o’clock in the
morning three blacksmiths were employed in
removing the flours de-lis from the iron gates
of the Palais de Justice. They have like
wise been removed from all the other places
inside of the Palais, where they had hitherto
been suffered to remain.
The Budget. —The French Minister has
submitted the Budget to the Chamber of De
puties. It amounts in English money, to
£44,000,000, being one tilth more than is
called for in ordinary years, and yielding a
a surplus of 56,000,000 francs. “From the
ordinary Budget,” said M. Lafittc, “we shall
have 15,000,000 francs, and from the extra
ordinary budget, 41,000,000. We have, be
sides, a sinking fund of 81,000,000 francs;
and yet our direct taxes will remain without
any increase. We have also to announce to
you that the indirect taxes have improved du
ring the month of January, and produced an
increase of 200,000,000 francs, notwithstand
ing the reduction of duties. What strength
and power for war, if,war should become in
dispensable! What resources for rendering
peace prolific, if we have the happiness to
preserve it, of being able to employ the im
mense capital we possess! Our armaments
are sufficiently imposing to ensure peace, or
to repel gloriously any aggression. We have
a well founded hope that Europe will soon re
duce her forces to their ordinary establish
ment, and that we may also be at liberty to
reduce ours to the scale which our safety and
dignity may require in a state-of peace.”
AFFAIRS OF POLAND.
Warsaw, Feb. 7. —The day before yester
day the Russians passed the frontiers in five
places—Utcilug, Brzesc, Granoe, Tykoein,
and Augusto. Hitherto there are only Cos
sacks, who mark the movements of the army.
At Utcilug some dragoons have entered, be
longing to the corps of General Gcismar; his
design seems to be to invest Zamore, and to
advance into the plain country beyond the
Vistula. The Russian main army advances
on the line from Lomza and Brzesc. Up to
this time there is no account of any fighting,
for there were no troops on any part of the
frontier. The first out-posts of our army are
three leagues from Seidlee towards Brzesc,
and on the line towards Lomza they are at
Ostraimka.
A great battle is expected by the 12th at
farthest. Warsaw will soon be declared in a
state of seige; the cannon already placed on
the ramparts! It was not believed that Count
Diebitsch would enter now, because if the
first attack does not succeed he incurs great
danger. If the thaw sets in the ice will dis
appear, the rivers will overflow, and the low
grounds in which he acts will become a com
plete morass. His army advancing against
us amounts to about 160,000 men. At pre
sent we have to oppose him only 57,000 men
in the field, and the patriotism of our people.
The 17 new regiments of infantry are not yet
organized. The organization of the cavalry
is more advanced, and it will be complete and
ready to take the field in a fortnight.
From the Paris Messenger, Feb. 21.
General Diebitsch has invaded Poland by
a grand strategic movement, of which the aim
and combination are as follows: The body
of the Russian army enters at four points—
Angustowa, Bialystok, Drohiciun, and Breck-
Litewski, on a base of from sixty to eighty
leagues. Two of these four divisions march
towards Warsaw, to beseige it on the two sides
of the Vistula. A third division appears des
tined for the seige of Modlin, and the fourth
to keep the country to protect these two sieg
es. As to the forces of the Polish army, it
appears that they have fallen back upon War
saw and Mod fin; but it is probable that they
will await the enemy in (me of the positions
which cover the approaches to these places,
and that the Russians will not be able to pass
on without a battle. The Russians must have
a fifth body to maintain the communications
of the army with its depots and magazines of
Lithunia; and they will require a sixth to oc
cupy the provinces of Sandomir and Lublin, as
well as to blockade the fortress of Zamosc.
The principal points d'appui of the Poles
ara Warsaw, Modlin, Plosk, Kalisch, Czeuth
an, and Zarnosc.
At the moment when the Russians entered,
the two principal bodies of the Polish army
were at Biula and at Lomza. The natural re
treat of the forinet is upon Warsaw, that of the
second on Modlin. The large national re
serve was increased daily at Warsaw. The
military dispositions assumed by the Poles are
perfectly judicious. The more they concen
trate their force the stronger they will be,
whilst their enemy will be compelled to ar
range themselves about them in a very exten
ded circle.
Modlin and Warsaw, 10 or 12 leagues from
each other, and both on the Vistula; seem to
us the real base of the Polish defence; the
other points d’appui, more distant, should on
ly serve to keep up the war of detail in the
rear of the Russian army besieging Warsaw.
From the Polish Frontiers , Feb. 9.
* According to information worthy of credit,
the Russian General Manderstierna, and his
detachment, took possession on the 6th inst. of
Angustowa, without striking a blow.
London , Feb. 23. —We received last night
Hamburgh papers to the 15th of February.
They describe the enthusiasm in Poland as
very great. An engagement of no great con
sequence with the Russians seems to have
taken place near Novogorod; but the Poles
intend to have their grand struggle near War
saw. They consider the early thaw as very
much in their favor, as impeding the march
of the Russian material. Tho spirit in Prus
sian Poland is said to have evinced itself in
the most decided manner in favor of the
Poles*
AFFAIRS OF ITALY.
Paris, Feb. 21 —(News of the morning.)
An express w hich left Bastia on he 12th cur
rent, and arrived at Toulon on the 13th, bro’t
the news that the kingdom of Naples, the
whole of Boinagna, the Duchies ol Lucca and
Piombino, the Duchy of Modena, and almost
the whole of Tuscany, were in a state of in
surrection, and that Italian tri-colors were
every where hoisted without opposition. It
is also said that an extraordinary courier ar
rived yesterday at Marseilles, who brought the
intelligence of an open revolution-at Genoa
where the troops had taken tire side of the
people. _
London, Feb. 21.— The Italian patriots
have proclaimed the “Union of Italy. ? 1S
said that the insurrection has extended so tar
south as Civita Veschia, and one letter states
that the tri-color floats on the cupola of bt.
Peter’s at Rome. The Bolognese Provision
al Government has issued a proclamation,
headed “Liberty, Independence, and bnion,
in which it is said that “all Italians will jom
to deliver their beautiful country from the de
grading yoke of foreigners.”
St. Esprit-Bayonne,
Lower Pyrenees , Feb. 14.
Spain is rapidly arming all its frontier
towns, which received reinforcements of
troops from the inilitia, the recruiting ot
which is going on with activity. It is atfirm
ed, however, that the Spanish nation wishes
for peace. El Pastor is still at Cumbo. No
other Spanish chief shows himself.
“The price of Liberty is eternal vigilance.”
From the Georgia Journal.
“REDUCTION.”
We sh;lH not cease to place before the people
of Georgia, the policy and necessity of a reduc
tion in the number of members of the Legisla
ture, until we, and a large majority of the citi
zens, have accomplished the object wc have in
view, or until a convention of the people shall
havf! decided upon the question. The impor
tance of the subject is a sufficient apology for a
gain urging it upon the consideration ot the peo
ple. The subject is of vital interest to the rising
generation, because the effects of our legislation,
at the present time, will be sensibly felt hereafter
Ifeurfegislation is prudent and wise, the rising
generation, which will be essentially benefitted,
w jfl bless us for it; if we continue to have such
a tjuinerous body of legislators, who every year
devour a large portion of the best substance of
the people, without giving an equivalent; if we
continue to pursue those measures which para
lyze the resetirces of the State, and to squander
the means and inheritance we are bound by ths
laws of nature, to leave unincumbered, if not im
proved, to our children ; instead of blessing us,
the rising generation will curse us, and execrate
our legislative misdeeds.
A large majority of the people of Georgia have
spoken at the election in October last: \\ hy
have not their will been attended tol Why
have their desires been disregarded by the last
Legislature ? It is seriously to be hoped, that
the voice of the majority will not be disobeyed
with impunity, and that those who have treated
with contempt the wishes of their constituents,
will meet, and have met, that displeasure which
they deserve. Asa large majority of the people
have spoken at the election in October last, in a
manner not to be misunderstood i and a9 consis
tency and perseverance are two characteristic vir
tues of the people of Georgia, it is certainly nat
tural to infer that this majority is still for reduc
tion ; and being still for reduction, it would
seem superfluous or unnecessary, at the present,
time to ifdvanm arguments, and bring forward
statements and calculations in support of an opin
ion publicly and solemnly declared through
the ballot box. It would indeed be superfluous
and unnecessary, if the subject was of minor im
portance ; but as the future welfare of Georgia is
involved in the decision of the question, it must
have led to further reflections; and it should be
therefore, the duty of citizens to communicate the
result of those reflections: and to place before the
public any new circumstance which every new
year cannot fail to produce against a large legisla
tive body. But it seems that the legislature, ow
ing to the defects of its composition, as will be
made manifest hereafter cannot be depended upon
to operate a reduction in legislative representation
and that the people will have to take the subject
into their own hands, call a convention, to change
the constitution in those features whiclrrequire a
mendment; therefore we have thought it proper
to place before the public, some statements, ac
companied with a few explanatory- remarks, .res
pecting the subject, which may have seme influ
ence with those citizens who are not yet fully
convinced of the necessity of reduction, and
voted against such a measure in October last:
The people generally and especially those who
are oposed to reduction, should keep in mind,that
the large number of senatoTs and representatives,
of which our legislature is composed, have produ
ced, and will continue to produce, if their number
is not curtailed, two great evils. First, bad legis
lation—undigested laws—imprusent and injurious
measures. Secondly, a wasteful expenditure of
the public money.
Many instances can be cited of bad legislation
and of undigested, partial and injurious laws hav
ing been enacted by several and different legisla
tures. One striking instance occurred at the last
session. A bill was passed to extend the time
for fortunate, drawers in the land lotteries of 1818,
1819, and 182i, to take out their grants. Well,
a few days after the bill had passed both houses,
and been sanctioned by the Governor, a bill was
introduced, which became a law, to amend and ex
plain the 3rd section of the act passed a few days
before. But on the question of bad legislation, the
opponents of reduction agree with us, that if the
number of our legislators could be curtailed,with
out depriving the small counties of the preponde
rating influence they possess in the legislature,
better acts would be drafted than can be reasona
bly expected from such unwieldly bodies as the
Senate and I louse of Representatives of the State
of Georgia. The Legislature of 1832, will be
composed of at least 78 senators and 161 repre
sentatives, if no new counties are organized at
the next session, making an aggregate number of
239 members. But it is not our object in this
paper to consider the subject under the point of
view just stated. We shall hereafter give some
remarks on the bad legislation produced by too
numerous a body of legislators. Our aim at pres
ent is to consider the subject as involving unne
cessary expenses, producing thereby a wasteful
expenditure of the public money, and as leading
the resources and present means of the state to
complete ruin. By giving a brief but we believe
fair statement and estimate of the means Georgia i
possesses, of lie sources of revenue, for the pres
ent and next jmar, and of the permanent and ne
cessary expenses of the government, we shall be
able to determine whether the means, resources,
and revenue of Georgia, can meet the expendi
tures, without encroaching on the capital invested
in bank stock, and without saddling the people
with a heavy tax.
There was in the treasury, on the
31st, October IS3O, a balance of * $189,000
Deduct Stattrßank Stock, receiv
ed from the Commissioners of
the Ocdfcee River, and included
in the statement of the Treasurer 10,000
Actual Balance, $179,000
The receipt for the balance of the
tax of 1899, for the tax of 1830,
and balances of taxes of preced
ing years, yet due estimated at 50,000
Dividends on Dank Stock, 63,000
Tax on Dank Stock, vendue tax,
and tax on pedlres, 28,000
Fees on grants, 10,000
Estimated receipts, for 18jH,.inch||fc
ding the balance remaining or*?
the 31st October, ld3o.
The expenditures are estimate.
Legislative sessions of 1839 and 1
Civil establishment to Jan 1, iy32p fc
Boor School and Academic Funds,
Printing fund and road fund, 40,bo<L
Penitentiary fund, . B,oo^
Protection of the Mines 20,00(N
Sundry appropriations, 5,000
Surveying Cherokee land and mis
ceHanecus expenses. 30,000
$323,000
E stimated balance in the Treasury
on the 31st Dec. 1831, ! 19,540
•342,540
Before we proceed to estimate sie fiscal opera
tions of the year 1832, it is properto observe, that
the profits of the Central Bank, imder the present
organisation of the government, cannot meet the
large draft a upon the public treasure which tjiat .
organization necessarily leads to. The Central
Bank has done as well as, and even better than
could be expected. That Bank ftiust be left alone
if we wish to accomplish the objects of its insti
tution. But even ifwe were to call upon that
establishment for assistance, we should have to
stop its operation*, and then to draw upon its caj*-
ital for assistance needed: all this can be ascer
tained by taking a view of the condition of the
Bank on the first Nov. 1830.
The capital stock on that iky consisted of ths
following Items :
Bask. Stock, of the State Bank, Planters, Au
gusta and Darien Banks, I%ooo' shares, which
cannot he touched, because the dividends are
pledged to the support of ptdblic education, freo
schools, academies and internal improvements.
This stock amounts to, $1,005,000
Of this thp.Sum of $250,00(1 is for
free schools, $250,000 fir county
academies, andMoOOjOOOfor inter
nal improvement'
United States Stock, which can bo
disposed of $3,997
Stock in the Altamaha Canal Com
k pany, for which the State may
never receive a cent of interes*,
and get back a cent of (he Stoek. 44,000
Lent to the same Company, which
may never be returned* 50,000
Bonds, notes, and other specialities
part of which may be collected,
and part never. $201,251
Notes discounted by the Bank, se
cured by but which
can be collected only when due,
20 per cent per auuunp according
to law.* 720*523
$,2027,771
The Cash account of the Bank stands thus :
Cash on hand Nov. 1, IS3X $103,017
Due by other banks 26,150
$429,097
From which must b*
deducted—
Deposite at the erode
it of the Treasurer 129,471
Of individuals 21,221
Notes of the Bank In
circulation, 146,742
' 297,434
Leaving a balance on the Ist Nov.
1330, of disposable funds of $131,663
Bat since that time, the Bank has paid $lO,
000 to the University, and made considerable
collections, which, with the balance on hand
November 1, 1830, have enabled the directors to
loan out last month the sum of S3OO ; so that at
present there can be no available funds an hand,
until collections are made ; and as soon as col
lections are made, if the bank continue to pro
ceed in its operations, as pointed out in the act
of incorporation, they will be loaned out again U>
the people ; the Bank should never have large
balauces remaining idle in the vaults.
We shall now proceed to estimate the fisaal
operations for the year 1832.
The estimated balance in the Treasury on the
Ist January 1832, from which will have to be de
ducted the expenses for taking the census is
§20,000
The receipt for the tax of 1831, and
collected in 1832, will not ekceed
$40,000, tar by a law of last session
the State tix was reduced 25 per
cent. Say $40,000
Bividendspn Bank stock, 65,000
Tax on Bank Stock, on Pedlers,and
vendue ta<j 25,000
Fees onjgrants, &c. #IO,OOO
$ ICO,OOO
The expenditures are estimated thus !
Legislative session of 1832, 239 members, at
least", $75,000
Civil establishment, &c, 40.000
Poor sehotjs and academic funds 40,000
Printing fund, miscellaneous ex
peu. ei, 15,000
$170,000
Tills statement shows a deficit in the receipts
pf the year 1839, to meet the estimated expendi
tures, of SIO,OOO, and without taking into ac
count any appropriation for the roads, or for de
fraying the expense of keeping a guard in the
Cherokee Territory, and without including any
incidental expenses.
It may ha said that the .State owns one million
dollars of bank stock. True ; but the proceeds
of thir stock are pledged for public education,
free schools particularly, and for internal im
provement, and cannot be appropriated for any
other objeci, without a breach of tlie public faith.
It may be said also, that a vast-amount is due by
individual to tlie State. True ; but can tins
vast amovflt be made available at any moment 1
Tiie Stab could perhaps collect enough to meet
th® current expenses of the government for seve
ral years," but how long will this vast amountof
debt due .the State last ? Besides, after the
CherokeijTerritory is obtained, and organized in
counties will not all the funds which will be at
the ’disp>*ol of the Staid bo needed for internal
improvement in roads, canals, &c. Unless wo
dimiuisi/our expenses, in which case the State
tax, ant the interest of the capital owned by the
State, efier as bank stock or as notes, bonds &c.
will be sufficient to meet all demands, we will
have toJraw on that capital; and from the moment
we brew in upon it, there will be no stopping,
tlie ruUjof the State may be expected, its credit
will btjost, and the people will have to he load
ed win tuxes in order to meet the necessary and
unavailable expenses of the government. We
rrfust pot deceive ourselves ; this state of
things w ill certainly happen, if we do not in
time (Xt rcise economy and curtail our legislative
expenses, ity reducing the number of membefs
in both branches of the general assembly, we
shall Curtail an item of unnecessary expenses,
andja,remove a crying evil in our system of Le
gislkaon.
Tie Secretary of the Slate of Pennsylvania
has jailed proposals fora loan of $2,493,161,
reimifrsahle at any time after the year 1856,
and 0 hear an interest not exceeding fivo
per ink