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aeon eft?vc reiser
~ Thursday mor ni\g, Doc. is.
F RO\I MfLLi:i,'(Vj.;\ iLIeT
We leafn from a menib r of the Legisla
ture, who arrived from Milledgcvillc in this
rnoriiHit’s stage, that the JSil!abolishing the
Penitentiary system lias passed the House of
Representatives by u majority of between 20
mi l 00—and that the Bill for incorporating a
■Bank in Clarksville, Habersham county, was
p jected by an overwhelming vote.
The labor which we have bestowed
upon t:n I’resident’s Message, for the pur- i
pose of laying n before our reach rs at this"]
early hour, will preclude the appearance of!
trie Aiivektisur to-morrow. Wc flatter c, ir . •
self that our patrons will bay- ;,o objection to
our thus it.iticipalSri t!iu regular day of pub-
Cs.ltion.
e hasten to lay before our readers,
■ * President's Message, received by this
morning's turn). Our anxiety to lay this al
ways ii/rresting document before the readers
at the earliest period, preclude the possibility
of remarking upon it at present.
J?rom the, President of the United ft'-.it os to
k Houses of Congress, at the commence.
•of the First Session of the F2d Con .
gross.
Ft !inr Cit-.ens nf the Senate
a id if wise of tit jiri rente tires :
The represent tinn of the people has
been renewed for the twenty-second time
si .re the constitution they formed has
Item: in topee, lor near him a century,
the kief magistrates who have been
am. f siveiy chosen hat e made their an-i
na.Jet. ' nicatio i of tin- state of the;
nation i> i . representatives. General
ly. these communications have been of
the most gratifying nature, testifying an
advance in all the improvements of sa
niai, ami all the securities of political
life. Hut frequently, and justly, as you
have been called on to he grateful for the
Bounties of Providence, at few periods
have they been more abundantly or ex
ten dvely bestowed than at the pfesent :
rarely, if ever, have we had greater rea
son to congratulate each other on the
•continue ': am! interesting prosperity of
our lieloved country'.
Igriculture. the first and most impor
tant occupation of man has compensated
1' labors of the husbandman with plen- ]
fife.: crops of all the varied products of
oer xtonsive country. Manufactures!
fin e been established, in which the funds
of the capitalists find a profitable im-i
movement and which give iinplovment:
and subsistence to a numerous and iu
erei sing body of industrious and dexte
rous mechanics. The laborer is reward
ed by high wages, in the e obstruction of i
w< ks of internal improvement, which
ft: extending with unprecedented rapidi
ty- ocioact is steadily penetrating the
recesses of nature ami disclosing her se
crets. while the ingenuity of free minds
is .subjecting the elements to the power of
man. and making each new conquest
•auxiliary to his comfort. By oar mails,
whose siieml is regularly increased, and
wfo.e mates are every year extended.!
lite communication of public intelligence|
and private business is rendered frequent
and safrv—-the intercourse between dis
trnt cities, which it formerly required i
weeks to accomplish, is now effected in a
few days; and in tiie construction of,
rail roads, and tqe application of steam
power, we have a reasonable prospect
that the extreme parts of our country ' 1
will be so much approximated, and those I
most isolated by the obstacles of nature, j
rendered m accessible as to remove an
apprehension sometimes entertained, that
the great extent of the Union would en
danger its permanent existence.
If. from tlm satisfactory view of our
agriculture. manufactures, and internal
improvements, w e turn to the state of our i
navigation and trade with foreign nation i!
and between the Stale, we shall scarcely
find jess cause for gratulation. A bene-'
ticimit Pro' idencc has provided, for their
exirrise and encouragement, an exten-j
si vc cost indented by capacious bays, no-:
hie rivers, inland seas, with the country!
productive of every material for ship!
building ami every commodity for gain-'
lb! commerce, and filled with a popula
tion active, intelligent, w ell informed, I
a: and fearless of danger. These advan-!
rages are not neglected : and an impulse
has lately been given to commercial en
frrprise. which fills our shipyards with
new oustrurtions, encourages all the
arts and branches of industry connected
with them, crowds the w harves of our
cities w ith vessels, and covers the most
distant eras w itn our canvass.
Let us be grateful fer these blessings
fthe beneficent Being who lias confer
red them, and who suffers us to ntiul ,r e
a reasonable hope of their continuance
and extension, while we neglect not the
m arts by which they may he preserved,
ji •, e may dare to judge of fin future
* Vsignv by the manner in which Ms past
Vjl* ii.c
i'v national prosperity to utjkim? on fife 1
pi i 'rvation of our liberties—our nation
al i°"cc on our fcdcrsl union—and our
individual happiness on the maintenance
ot our State rights and w ise institutions.
It wc are prosperous at home, and re
spected abroad, it is because wo are free,
united, industrious am! obedient to the
laws. White we continue so, we shall,
by the blessing of Heaven, go on in the
happy career we have begun, and w hich
has brought us. in the short period of our
political existence, from a population of
three to thirteen millions—from the thir
teen separate Colonies to twr.ity-four
United States—from ttj Weakness to
strength feel,, a rank scarcely marked
"l ..*•• settle ot Nations to a high plactfin
their respect.
This last odvantage is one that has re
sulted. in a great degree, from the princi
ples w hich have guided our intercourse
with foreign Powers, si me we have as
sumed an equal station among tiiem
and hence, the annual account which t!ie
Executive renders to the country, of the
manner tn which the branch ot iiis duties
lias been fulfilled, poves instructive and
salutary.
11 ■ pacific and wise policy of our
Government kept us in a state o! neutral
ity hiring the wars hat have, t ditfi-r
--ent periods since our political existence,
born carried on by other power ; but this
policy while it gave activity and extent
to our commerce, exposed it in the sain
proportion to injuries from the belliger
ent nations. Hence h ve arisen claims
of indemnity for those injuries. Eng
land- Fraece. Spain, Holland. Sweden
Denmark. Naples, and lately Portugal
had all in a greater or less • grcc inirin
ged our neutral rights. Demands for
reparation were made upon all. They
have had in all, and continue to have in
some cases, a leading influence on the
nature of relations w ith the powers on
wliom they were made.
Uf the claims upon England it is un
necessary to speak, further than to say.
that the state of things to which their
prosecution and denial gave rise has
uoen succeed; (1 by arranguiienks, pro
ductive of mutual good feeling and ami
cable relations between the t wocouni rips,,
which it is hoped will not be interrupted.
One of tlmse arrangement; is that rela
ting to the colonial trade, which was
communicated to Congix-ss at the last
session ; and although the short period
du:mg w hich if has been in force will not
cnanic me to form an accurate judgment
o! ns operation, there is ever l . l'cason to
be ieve that it will prove highly henefi
cial The trade thereby authorized has
employed, to theflOth September last, up
wards of SO.i • : > tons of American, and
tons of foreign shipjiing in the
outward voyages' and. in the inward,
nearly an equal amount of American,
and i,(GO only of foreign tonage Ad
vantages, too, have resulted to our agri
cultural interests from the state of the
trade b tween f' vnadaaml our Territo
ries and States bordering on the St. Law
rence and the Lakes, which may prove
more than equivalent to dm loss sustain *1
by the discrimination made to f.vor ■!.?
trade ot the Northern colonies with the
V cst Indies.
After our tr nsition from the state of co
lonies to that of an independent ation.
many points were found necessary to be
settled between us and Great Britain -
Among them was the demarcation of
boundaries, not deeribed with sufficient
precision in tne l'reaty of Peace. Some
of the lines that divide the States and
Territories of the United States from the
British Tovinces have been definitively
fixed That, however, which separates
as from the Provinccss of Canada and
New Brunswick to the North and the
East, was still in dispute when 1 came
into ollice. Hut l found arrangements
made for its settlement, over which I had
no control. The commissioners who had
been appointed under the provisions of
tlie Treaty of Ghent, having been unable
to agree, a convention was made with
Great Britain by my immediate prede
cessor in ollice, witli the adv ice and con
sent ol the Senate, by which it was agreed
that the points of difference w hich have
arisenin the settlement of the boundary
line between tho American and British
dominions, as described in the sth Arti
cle of the Treaty of Ghent, shall be re
fereed as therein provided, to some friend
ly sovereign or state, who shall be invi
ted to investigate, and make a decision
upon sucli (mints of difference and the
king of the Netherlands having, by the
late President awl his .Britannic Majesty,
been designated is such friendly sover
eign, it became mv duty to carry with
good faith, the agreement so made into
full effect. To this end 1 caused all the
measures to taken which were necessary
to a full exposition of ourcti.se to the
Sovereign Arbiter; and nominated as
Ministers Plenipotentiary to his court,
a distinguished citizen of the State
most ia.crested in tiie question, and
.-w ho j:ad Jjjs.cn pne of the jtgejit? prcvFmj.
Vv employed for dcrfuug tie eonti'cefc:4y.
On the 10th day of January last, ilis Ma
jesty the King of the Netherlands deliv
ered to the Plenipotentiaries of the Unit
ed States. and of Great Britain, his w rit
ten opinion on the case referred to. The
papers in relation to the subject will !
communicated by a special message to
the proper branch of the government,
with tin perfect confidence that its wis
dom will adopt such measures as w ill se
cure an amicable settlement of the co ;-
troveysy, without infringing any constitu
tional right of the Stab s immediately in
terested.
It affords me satisfaction to inform you
that suggestions, made tn my directions,
to theChurge De’ Affaires of his Britrm
ic Majesty, to this Government, have had
their desired effect in producing the re
lease of certain American citizens, who
were imprisoned for setting up the au
thority of the State of Maine, at a place
in the disputed Territory under the actual
.jurisdiction of His Britanic Majesty.
From this, and the assurances I have re
ceived, of the desire of the local authori
ties to avoid any causes of collision, J
have the best hopes that a good understan
ding will be kept up until it is confi.med
by the finrl disposition of the subject.
The arnica le relations which now
subsist between the United States and
Great Britain, the increase, g intercourse
between their citizens, and the rapid ob
literation of unfriendly prejudices in
which former events naturally gave rise
—concurred to present this as a fit period
for renewing our endeavors to provide a
gaiii.->t tne recurrences of causes of irrita
tion. which, in the event of war between
Great Britain atr> any other power,
would inevitably endanger our peace.
Animated by the sincerest desire to avoid
siwli astute of things, and peacefully to
secure, under all possible circumstances,
the rights end honor of the country. 1
have given such instructions to the Min
ister lat ly sent to the (.’ouit of London,
as will cv incc that desire ; anil if met by
a correspondent and eposition, which we
cannot doubt, v. iil put an end to causes
of collision, which, w ithout advantage to
either, tenn to estrange from each other,
two nations who have ivery motive to pre
serve, not only peace, bu an intercourse
of the most amicable nature.
In my massage at tne ope.ii ig of tho last
session of Congress, i c.\q>r< ssed a confident
hope that tile justice of our claims upon
Fiance, uTgou as they were with perseverance
! signal ability by our Miuist. r there,.would
finally he uel.nowU.dyed. This hope has been
realized. A treaty has boon si.-niccl vvhicli
will immediately be laid before the Scuam for
Os approbation ; and which containing stipu
lations that, rei.pt ro Jz-gislative acts, must
have the roiicuri'oncc'ofbotli Houses before
it can be carried into effect. By it, the French
Government engage to pay a sum which, if
not qnitev ipial to that which may bo found
duo to. our citlzms, will yet, it is bcli ved,
under nil circuinstunces, he deemed satisfac
tory hv limse interested. Tim offer of a gross
*m:i instead oft!) satisfaction of eubh indi
vidual claim, was ace- pled, because the only
aheruatiKs wa re a rigorous exaction of the
w hole amount stated to be due on each claim,
which rnip 'it, in some inst uic*'.s, be exagge
rated by d< sign, i.i others overrated through
erjor, and which therefore it would have been
bot:i udgraeious and unjust to iiave insisted
on, or a .-wUfoneni by a mixed commission, to
which the French uegociators vvero very
*iv< rse, and which experience in otlier eases
had shewn to be dilatory, and often wholly
inadequate to the end. A comparatively small
sum is stipulated on our part, to goto the ex
tinction of ail claims by French citizens on
our Government : and a reduction of dutic3
on our Cotton and tin ir Wines has been a
greed on, as n consnlcratioii for the renunci
ation of an important claim for commercial
privileges, under the construction they gave
to the Treaty foi the cession of Louisiana.
Should this Treaty receive the propersancr
tioni a source of irritation will be stopped,
that has, for so many years, in some degree
alienated from each other, two nations, who
deem interest, as well as the remembrance of
early associations, ought to cherish the most
frieiidlv relation——an encouragement will be
given for perseverance in the demands ofjus
ticc, by this new proof, that, if steadily pur
sued, tlvy will Vie listened to—and admoni
tion will be offered to those Pow ers, if any
which may he inclined to evade them, that
they will never be anacdpried. Above all, a
justconfidoncc will be inspired in our follow
citizens, that their Governmcn will exert all
tbopovvs with which they have inv*tcd it, in
supjicrt of (heir just claims upon Foreign na
tions: at the same time that ih frank ac
knowledgement ami provision for the payment
of those which were addressed to our equity,
although uusupporti and by legal proof, .dlordsa
practical Ulustration of our submission to t;e
divine rule of doing toothers Vriuu ws desire
they should do unto us.
Sw eden and Denmark having made com
pensation for the irregular'i'v connnim and !iv
tlioir vessels, or in their ports, to the perfect
satisfaction of the p.urtii scone' rrmd ; and '.a
ving renewed tho Treaties of Cotnmerc en
tered into with them, our political and com
mercial r lations w ith those I'owors continue
• > ii tuc most fro ndly footing.
Willi Spain, oir differences up to *!i 2C .
ciFclirtary, lqlP, w'?.- syf'l. Itbv f aTr •;
|ty bt that ; ant at it sdi.^f
'sequent period* our commerce with the Statej*
I formerly colonies of Spain, on the continent
of America, w T as annoyed and frequently in,
! mrrupted by Jicr puoiic and private armed
ships. They captured many of our vessefcr
, a lawful uomrrrrce, and soid them and the if
j cargoes ; and a* one time to our demands tor
i restoration and indemnity, dpjvoscd thy
igation, that they were takeii m violation of a
j blocdadc of all t!io ports ot those States,
blookade was declaratory only, and the inail
! equacy of tiio force to maintain it, was so ma
nifest, that tni3 allegation was varied to p
j charm: of trade in contnbami of war. TtusJ
j in its turn, was also found untenable; and tim
j ministes whom 1 sent with mstruettonr ti
! jiresa lor the reparation tout was due to otiS
; injured fellow citizens, lias transniitteu an
j answer to his demand, by which the capsurcv
i are declared to liavc been legal, and ur: jus
tificc, bccouse the independence of the Mates.
of America never having been acknowledged
bv Spain, sue had a right to prohibit trade
w ith them under her old colonial laws. This
ground of defence w r as contradictory, not onlyt
to those which had been formerly .alleged,
but to the uniform practice and established,
la.ws of nations : and tiad been abandoned lij
i Spain herself in the convention which grant-*
j cd indemnity to British subjects for captures,
made at the same time, under the same cir -
cumstances, and for the same allegations w ith
those of which urn complain.
I however indulge the hope that further re*
' flection wilUcad to other view s, and feel con
| dent that uwu liis Cailiolic Majesty shall ba
convinced of the justice of the claim, liis de*
; sire to preserve friendly reunions between tho
j turn counties, which it is my earnest endea
| vor io maintain, will induce them to accede
I!o our demand. I have therefore despatched!
j a special messenger with instructions to ouc
> Minister to bring the case once more to liis
j consideration; to the end that if, which 1
I cannot bring invsdf to believe, the same de*-
j r.ision. that cannot be deemed an unfriendly
i denial of justice, should be persisted in, tho
j matter may, before your adjournment, belaid
] before you. the constitutional judges of w hat,
j is proper to be done when negotiation for re;
! ih" ss of injury tails,
I The conclusion ofa Treaty for indemnity
j with France seemed to present a favorable op*
j portunity to renew our claims of a similar nay
turn on other powers; and particularly in the,
j case of those upon Naples, more especially
as in the course of fonnea negotiations witn
I that power, our failure to induce France tn
t render justice was used as an argument against
j us. 'The desires of tha merchants who wens
j the principal sufferers have therefore beer*,
acceded to, and a mission lias been institu
ti ••! for tiie special purpose of obtaining fot
! them a rep* ration already too long delayed.
: This measure having been r- solved on, it was
i put in • xecution without wailing for the mcct
-1 ing of Congress, ’.* cause th. state of Eurojio
(created an appreliensiori ofev nts that might
have rem'erul our application ineffectual,
j Our demands upon the Government of the
| Two Sicilies are of a peculiar nature: The
‘ injuri* son which tin y tbumkul are not denied
1 nor are th*: atrocity and pi rt’nly under rvhichi
• fhoa** injuries wer* perpetrated, att nqit- .1 to
jhe ext- nuated. The solo "round on which,
i ind iimity has been refused is the alleged il*
j legality of the tenure by which the mon arch
: wlio made the seizures held his crown. This
j defence, always unfounded in any principle!
! of the law of nations —now universally üban
ioned, even by those powers upon whom tho
responsibility for acts of past rulers bore thot
: most heavily, will unquestionably be given up
! by His Sicilian Majtsty ; w hoso counsels will
j receive an impulse from that high sense
j honor and regard to justice vvhica are said to
! characterize him? and l feel tint fullest cou*
! tide rice that the talents of the citizen commit;-
I sioried for that purpose will place before hirri
(.the just claims of our injured citizens in sucli
1 a light as will enable me, before your adjourn-.
! merit, to announce that they have been adjus
i led amt secured. I‘rcciso instructions, ti
j iln: * fleet of bringing the negociatiou to u
speedy issue, have be* n given and will lio
] obeyctl.
j In the late blockade of Terceira, some otj
| the Portuguese fleet captured several of out
t vessels and committed other excesses for
w ince reperation was demanded; and 1 was
on the point of despatch!!)" an armed force,to
prevent any recurrence of a similar violence
and protect our citizens in the prosecution of
lawful commerce, when official assurances ofi
w hich 1 relied, made the sailing of the ships
unnooossay. ISsiice that period frequent p;o*>
miscs have been unde that full indenruty
>!iall he given for the injuries inflicted and
tho losses sustained. In the performance there
has been some, perhaps unavoidable delay J,
but 1 have the fullest confidence that my earn
est desire that this business may at once N*
closed, which our Minister has been instruct-*
oil strongly to express, w ill very soon be gra
tified. 1 have the better ground for this hope,
from flic evidence of a friendly disposition
which that Government lias shewn by an no
tuM reduction in the duty on rice, tin produce
of our Southern Stat s, authorizing the anti
cipation that this important article of our ex
noj-t will soon be admitted on the same foot
:ig witli that produced by the most favored
nation,
\i ith the other powers of Europe, we have
fortune.ti ly had no cans, of discussions for th%?
,1 r< ss of injuries. \S ith the Empire vf
Kussians, our political connexion is of th;
most friendly, and our commercial ofthe mcr,*
iib 'ral kind. We enjoy the advantages cl
;,.r.-:g..tion and trade, gived to the mort
rr -j - >jet it hti- not suited their••;