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IL3&8 1 limestone platform been less extensive./ When once he left Carlin:,* .. " v ,~TY ~T=~"
Sc.Vl.fi OF RESPECTABILITY. —It is a i
matter of curious investigation to exam- j
ine tho distinction which society has j
made amongst the different trades and 1
professions. “A saint in crape is twice
a saint in lawn,” says Pope; and yet lie
tells us that “honor and shame from no
Audition rise.” The latter is true by
•the laws of nature; the former by the u
suages of society. Whether a lawyer is
more respectable than a doctor, or a
merchant than a farmer, is a question,
not yet settled by her high mightiness,
Fashion—hut with respect to the differ
ent pursuits of trade, she has drawn the
distinctions, having consulted neither
rhyme nor reason, but been governed
6olely by her own whims. A bucther,
ijr instance, is considered by society as
superior to a baker—and wby, in the
name of all that’s edible ? They both
cater for the appetite of man—one fur
nishes the slaughtered calf and the other
the generous grain; which alike support
life—one deals in lire, the other in sword
-—are they not at par ! A shoe-maker,
is more respectable than a colder—why?
one makes shoes and the other mends
them—they both use ‘awls’ and wax’d
ends; where is the difference ? Is a hat
ter more exalted than a tailor ? The
one covers the ‘ dome of thought, the
palace of the soul!’ bis vocation is cer
tainly at the head —he surmounts the
crown; but when the tailor adorns the
graceful form and the manly chest—the
waistcoat that makes, covers the Iteart,
the seat of sensation, and the abode of
passion. He makes you either a gentle
man or a clown, according to his will—
you are at his mercy with regard to the
fit of your habiliments and the effect of
your appearance—thus extensive is his
power, and is not power respectability !
A milliner is more respected in society
than a mantua-maker—the one makes
hats and the other dresses—why is a she
hatter better than a she tailor 1 Why is
a grocer considered inferior to a seller
of dry goods ? is not a bottle of mustard
as respectable as a yard of tape ? Is not t
a |>ound of cheese as honorable as a pa
per of pins—a bunch of onions as a skein
of thread—is not sugar equal to broad
cloth, and molasses to ginghams ? Cer
tainly.
Again; why is a saddler superior to a
shoemaker ? He covers the backs of
horses, while the latter covers the feet
of men—and is not the foot of lordly
inan and lovely woman, an object of
greater moment than the back of E
clipse himself ?
How and why then arc these distinc
tions made ? It is easier to ask than to
answer the question ; to do the latter
surpasses our wisdom. But are these
distinctions reasonable and natural? No;
honest industry is all alike respectable
in every vocation. The faithful mason
who piles on brick above the other, is
the equal of him who makes them or of
him who burns the lime which is used
in making mortar. The industrious
mechanic is thr prop of society, and so
long as he labors diligently and honest
ly in his vocation, is entitled to respec
tability—and he will receive it.—iV. Y.
Enquirer.
Extract from Milton, on the Liber
tit oethe Press.
* Mcthinks, (exclaims that great and
noble spirit,)t see in my mind a nobic
and puissant nation rousing herself like
a strong man after sleep, and shaking
her invinciple looks : Methinks 1 see
her as an Eagle musi ntr her mighty youth,
nnd kindling her undazzled eyes at (he
full mid-day beam; purging and unsea
ling her long-abused sight at the foun
tain itself of heavenly radiance; while
the whole noise of timorous and flocking
birds with those also who love the twi
light, flutter about amazed at what she
means, and in their envious gabble
would prognosticate a year of Sects and
Schisms. What would you do then ?
should ye suppress all this flowery crop
of knowledge and new light sprung up
and yet springing daily in this city 1
Should ye set an Oligarchy of twenty
ingrossers over it, to bring a famine up
on our minds again, when we shall know
nothing but what is measurcil to us by
their bushel 1 Believe it, they who
counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as
f ood as bid ye to suppress yourselves.
fit be desired to know the immediate
cause of all this free writing, there can
not be assigned a truer than your own
mild and free, and humane government;
it is the liberty which your own valorous
.and tiappv counsels have purchased us,
Liberty which is the nurse of all great
wits: this is that which hath rarifiedand
enlightened our spirits like the influ
ence of Heaven; this is that which hath
enfranchised, enlarged and lifted up
our apprehensions degrees above them
selves. Wc can grow ignorant again,
brutish formal and slavish, as (our an
cestors)fouml us; but you must then first
become that which ye cannot be, oppres
sive, arbitrary and tyrannous, as they
v'ere from whom ( they)havc freed vs'
Such is his picture, and such the source,
of the Liberty of the press.
Niaoara. —The fall of Niagara is an
instnrice of the power of running water
may exercise in altering the features ol
a country. It is calculated that, by the
nap and fail of the hard limestone rock,
over which the river is precipitated into
a softer shale formation beneath, the ca
taract retrogades towards Lake Erie at
the reate of fifty yard* in for y years.
The distance already travelled by it,
from the lower opening of the narrow
gorge it has evidently cut by this pro
cess, is seven miles, and the remaining
distance to be performed, before it roach
es Lake Eiif'i is twentv-five. Had ihc
„ • •' • J
, limestone platform been iess extensive,
j this enormous basin m'ght have been al
t ready drained, as it must ultimately he, when
j tiie fall has receded to its margin, its aver
■ a ge depth being far less than the height of the
j cataract.
SOUTHERN EMIGRATION.
The rage for emigration from flic South to
t e West and South-West, has of late years
suffered great diminution, less from the ab
senec of the desire, than from sheer exhaus
tion of the material. We see enough of it
however, to deplore. A journey through the
woods of Alabama and Georgia, affords suffi
cient subject lor observation and remark, in
the still numerous emigrants, we meet with
on the go, for that quarter ; seeking in the
proverbially fertile region of the Fathei of
\N aters (Mississippi) those rewards for enter
prise and industry, which are comparatively
denied to them in the more barren and ex
hausted fields of our own country. There is
much in the mode and manner o: emigration
among these wanderers, that, though always
interesting and picturesque, is, not unfre*
quently, melancholy in the extreme. You
see the little families—sometimes two, three
or four from the same section of country, mak
ing of it, a kind of colonizing expedition;
and as they have been neighbors all their life
before in one part of the world, setting down
together, as such, in the part (o which they
go. They carry their househould goods and i
society along with them ; not the least impor
tant of their moveables, and perhaps, the only
solace for a change of home when in years,
and an abode in an unknown and uncultivat
ed wilderness. You will see them with their
force —as it is called—of from ten to twenty,
thirty, or more hands; a string of four or five
wagons; a Jersey or two, invariably, among
them—and an occasional pack, and sundry
saddle horses trudging along, in even rows
through the woods—at a slow pace, of ten to
fifteen miles a day, as their creaturs or them
selves prove morn or less fatigued, encamp
ing by night apart from the road, commonly
in a circle, with sundry huge fires, illumina
ting the wilderness for miles with strange,
fluctuating and fantastic iigbts, according to
the interruption of space or scenery. As they
journey by day, some ride, some walk, alter
nating for relief—some are thoughtful, per
haps sad, as some over-meddlesome recollec
tions haunt them with threatening or implor
ing shadows-—others again, and not the fewer
number—for the life of labor and adventure
teaches indifference in time to the more
touching emotions, as we may ascertain by
the parlance of the mariner—cheerfully sing
ing some native ditty, and when they meet
with travellers like themselves—an event
which, in some of our woods, maybe liken
ed to “a sail” at sea—cracking with them
some hearty jokes, upon their trim and ca
parison, fire, with a glee, that would sound
strangely in the ears of the milk-and-water
citizen moping over the recollection of that
home, from which he is, for the fijst time a
melancholy wanderer. The negroes are par
ticularly famous for the lightheartedness of
their habit while journeying in this manner.
We have seen some twenty or thirty sur
rounding a Jersey wagon with a strange de-)
light pictured in every countenance, oddly
enough indicated by the groining of their
lustions white teeth through the undrawn sa
bles of their capricious lips, listening to the
rude harmony oi some ruder violin, of which
there are always one or more, on every tolera
ble plantation in the up country ; while the
driver of the wagon, perched on the seat, the
reins loosely (lung about his left arm, in the
hand of which, the soiled and shattered in
strument—the cracked seams of which are,
half the time, caulked with tar—is scraped
unmercifully, until its yields the unnecessary
quantity of woodland melody to satisfy the
amateur who performs and tho no less criti
cal company of connoisseurs who surround
him. The whites hang about at a little dis
tance not less delighted than their slaves, and
partaking in as great a degree, though with
more subdued exhibition of its effect, in the
gentle influence and impulse which the scene
is well calculated to iuspire. Thus they cheer
the long way before them and rob weariness
and labor of half their disquietudes.
In one instance we remember to have en
countered with a party of this dcscripiion,
and under similar circumstances, in w hich a
grinning Momus of the group, tho musician
of the cmigrecs —had some pretensions to a
somewhat loftier vein, and at intervals in
dulged himself in a running accompaniment,
in words, to the strains which he sent forth,
and which, we doubt not, were perfectly
original. He satarized all around with an im
punity, which led us to consider his relation
ship to his owner, as not unlike that of the
ancient jester with his feudal lord, and the
privileges which he evidently exercised in this
respect, led us to pay more attention to the
matter of his songs than wc otherwise might
have been disposed to do. Some words we
picked up, and a few amendments excepted,
as sacrifices to rhyming, in which, strange to
say, he seemed more at a loss than in rhyme,
wc may submit the following, a3 not altogeth
er unlike those of the rude artiste, from whom
they have been purloined.
I born in Sout Carlina,
Fine country ebber seen ,
I guinefrom Sout Carlina,
I guine to New Orleans,
Old boss, he discontentum—
He take liis marc, black Fannjq
lie buy a pedlar wagon,
And he boun’ for Lousy-Anna.
He boun’ &c.
Old Debbie, I.ousy-Anna.
He gone five day in Georgy,
Fine place for egg and hum;
When he git among the Ingens,
And he push for Alabam.
lie look bout pon de prairie,
Where de hear de cotton grow;
But he spirits still contrary,
And he must fudder go,
He boun’ Ac.
Old Debbie, &c.
lie look at Mrs. Seapy, [Mississippi]
Good lady nough de say,
But he think de State look sleepy,
And so, he fuse to stay.
V\ hen once he left Carlina.
And on he mare black Fanny,
He took not off the bridle bit,
Till he get to Lousy-Anna.
CRAN'D CHORUS.
Old debble Lousy-Anna,
Dnt scare-crow for poor Nio-o-cr,
W here de sugar cane grow to pine tree,
And de pine tree turn to sugar
1 hus it runs on, through perhaps a dozen
verses, in all of which immediate reference
is had to local oojccts, accompained equally
ly a direct prospective and perspective re
ference to the things which he has had and
enjoyed, and the probable circumstances of
his future lot. The touch at his master’s wan
dering and discontented habit, is certainly a
hit. The purchase of the Pedlar wagon,after
the itinerant has sold his wares, is as certain,
us the selling off his woodcraft by the Pitts
burg boatman, when ho has deposited his
cargo on the Levee of New Orleans. The
entire song, as wc heard it, abounds in dis
tinct allusion, to the life which is led by
nine hundred and ninety-nine of every thou
sand ; and includes, with scarce a variation,
every particular common to the observation
of the uegro, whether as concerns himself or
his master.— City Gazette.
Taken at his Word. Not long since, a
man, who had not lost all disregard for pub
lic opinion, entered a retailing store in this
country for the purpose of procuring ardent
spirits; but being sensible that his reputation
for sobriety did not rest upon the surest basis,
and that certain unfortunate whispers and
suspicions respecting his private habits were
abroad in the community, he felt that to call
for a jug of rum to drink, was not the best
way to refute this impious scandal. Still,
however, he wanted the rum, and must have
it; and as for public opinion, why, he would
gull it with some pretext. With this vain
hope lie inarched up to the counter(not even
then in the most temperte state of body or
mind)and called for “New Rum,’ taking par
ticular care to add that he wanted it to dis
solve cainphor in ! The merchant took the
jug, drew the liquor, and then proceeded to
saturate it with camphor. ‘Ah ! ! stop there
stop !’ cried the owner of the jug. ‘I have
plenty of camphor at home, and can do all
that myself.’ ‘Oh, sir,’ said the merchant,
‘it is of no consequence at all; —I had just as
lief furnish the camphor gratis as not Fur
ther remonstrance was vain; the camphor was
in, and the rum was spoilt. The poor man,
though sorely against his will, was obliged to
submit, and marched off with his jug of cam
phor, looking, for all the world, like the Vicar
ot Wakefield with his gross ol green specta
cles.—Jour, of Humanity.
From the work-bench to college and from
college back again to the work-bench. ' The
Augusta Courier says: Our neighbor F. has
the right motion of things. He is a mer
chant, and has accumulated a competent for
tune by minding his own business and letting
other pcopie s alone. He has two promising
and industrious sons, whom he is able to edu
cate at college. One is now pursuing a course
of education at college, and tho other is pre
paring to follow him soon. During vacations,
and at all leisure seasons, they find their
place at the work-bench with their father.
After securing the honors of college, they
will not become ministers, lawyers, nor doc
tors, but mechanics. Acquiring in schools
and in college, the essential principles of
their future occupations, when they return,
they will finish their education as apprenti
ces to some worthy mechanic. And even
now wc venture to predict of tnem, they w ill
obtain a better living, and rise to more en
viable distinction in society, than the major
ity of their classmates who enter the learned
professions. An education not reducible
pardon the word—to practical purposes is
of little worth, and ought to confer but lit
tle honor on its possessor.
FORKWfiJV.
FROM FRANCE. ~“ i *~
The ship Robin Hood, Capt. Easter bt,
arrived at this port on the 22d inst. has
brought our files of Paris and Havre papers,
to the 13th and 14th ult. inclusive. They con
tain London dates to the 11th of the’same
month.
'l’lie Cholera in England still continues its
ravages. These were 29 new cases in New
castle, on the Sth January, and it was report
ed in London on the 11th,that it had reach
ed Edinburgh. Appearances of a Continen
tal War in the spring, are increasing. It
seems pretty certain, that Russia, Prussia,
and Austria, arc determined not to ratify the
treaty agreed upon by their representatives
for the pacification of Holland and Belgium.
The King of England is determined, it is
now stated, to increase the number of Peers,
in order to secure the passage of the Reform
Bill through the House of Lords.
A rumor was prevalent in London on the
7th ult. of the death of the Duke of Wel
lington—it proved, however,t bo incorrect
his Grace, although ill, was not thought to
be dangerously so.
We are happy to loam that Lafayette had
so far reserved as to he enable to ride out.
His grand-daughter, child of George La
fayette, had just been married to a son of
Mr. Bureau do Buzzv, who was a follow
prisoner with him at Olmutz.
Letters from Lisbon, dated 28th Decern
her, received at. Paris, state that the Ameri
can Consul had presented to Don Miguel the
ultimatum of the reparations required by his
Government, but that the spirit of insane
obstinacy which directs the Por'iiguesc Cabi
net, is so deeply rooted, that notwithstanding
the recent lessons it lias received from Eng
land and France, it obstinately refuses the
satisfaction which has been required.
Accounts from Constantinople of the 10th
December, mention that the Porte is gioatlv
alarmed at an expedition of the Pacha of
Egypt, who has gained possession of Gaza,
Jaffa, and Caifia, without meeting with any
resistance, and it is feared should he succeed
m his attempt, the Turkish Empire will be
threatened with destruction.
M. Kesner, Cashier of the Central Office
ol the 1 rcssury, at Paris, has been discov-
ered to be a defaulter to the amount of from'
l to 2,000,000 francs. The circumstance
had caused much sensation in the capital;
hat such is stated to have been the excellent
character of RI, Kesnp.R, that arrangements
were making by the bankers of Paris, to
make up the deficiency.
i'he British Government have recalled Mr.
Morieti, their Consul General at Paris; and
it is thought that their intention is to do away
with this oliice, and to rely upon the French
papers in future for information respecting
commercial affairs.
The failure of Mr. Muberly, the Scottish
Banker, and “Prince of Speculators, 1 ’as he
is termed, appears to have caused a great ex
citement at Ediiiborougli, and other parts of
Scotland.
THE GOLD REGIONS.
It is now about thirty years since (mid was
discovered in North Carolina. It was found
disseminating in the sands and gravel of wa
ter-courses ; first in Cabarras county, and
soon afterwards in Montgomery. The wasli
ing ot these streams, deposits for the precious
metals until within a few years past, was
principally confined to the two counties just
named. The greater portion of the gold thus
found consisted of small pieces, varying in
size from one penny-weight down to parLcles
so minute as to require the point of a small
knife to take them up. At most of the
mines, however, it is not uncommon to find
pieces of a much larger size ; for example,
at one ol the deposites in Cabarras,'a single
piece was found, weighing twentv-eight
pounds avoirdupois, and a number of other
pieces, varying trom four to sixteen pounds.
At thatmiue, the proprietor estimates that '
about one hundred pounds avoirdupois were
taken up in piecies above one pound weight.
These large pieces compose but a small por
tion of the whole of the mine.
At a mine in Montgomery, a number of
pieces above one pound weight has been
lound; one of four pounds eleven ounces
and another of three pounds. In Anson
county, during the summer before the last,
one piece of ten pounds nett, one four
pounds, and a number of .small pieces, were
taken up out of the sand and gravel of Rich
ardson’s creek.
A!1 these discoveries were made princi
pally in or near the beds of streams ; but in
some instancesdeposites of considerable ex
tent have been found on the sides and tops of
hills, as at Parker’s at Moore’s, and Cravv
ford’s in Montgomery, and as at Harris’s, in
Mecklenburg county. It was not, however,
until about five years ago that the gold mines,
properly speaking, were discovered in North
Carolina; that is gold in regular and well
defined veins. This discovery, like that of
alluvial deposites, was in some measure acci
dental.
Mathias Barringer, of Montgomery coun
ty, while washing the sand and gravel of a
small rivulet for gold, noticed, that, beyond
a certain point, in ascending the stream, he
could find gold. Just at the point where the
gold seemed to cease, he discovered a quartz
vein running into the hill on one side of the
channel, and at right angles with the rivulet.
Having frequently taken up out of the bed!
of the stream pieces of quartz with hits of
gold attached to them, he came to the con
clusion that the gold found scattered below
must have come out of this quartz vein ; and
he determined to pursue it into the hill
He pursued it but a few feet, when he struck
a rich and beautiful deposite of the metal,
in place, in a matrix of quartz, and subse
quently in the carbonate of lime. In follow
ing this vein about thirty or forty feet longi
tudinally, and not more than fifteen or eigh
teen feet in depth, he found a succession of
nests, from which he took out more than fif
teen thousand penny-weights of virgin gold.
Shortly after this, the mine fell Into olier
hands, since when,serious operations have
not been resumed, on account of the water,
though it is understood they shortly will .he.’
This discovery of the metal in regular veins
presented tin subject in anew and interest
ing point of view, and turncu the search for
gold to the hills and high grounds, and par
ticularly for veins traversing the earth. In
the course of the summer, after the deveiope
ments at Barringer’s mine, some valuable
veins were discovered in Mecklenburg coun
ty. The product of these, worked in the ru
dest manner, without skill or captital, was so
great as to excite general notice, and stimu
lated the landholders in that section to seaich
their possessions for hidden treasures. The
mines now began to attract the attention of
the public at a distance, and drew to the spot
several persons of enterprise and some cap
ital. Some of these made investments, and
commenced erecting machinery, and work
ing the veins with system and regularity.
The success of the first adventures in this
new enterprise induced others to follow ; mil
for a time the attention of every body, who
sought to engage in the mining business, was
exclusively turned towards Mecklenburg
county. The consequence was, that a con
stant search was kept up in that county for
new localities; and the search was not in
vain; many veiy promising veins wore dis
covered. Thus the mines of Mecklenburg
being the first that attracted attention, and to
which skill anil management were first appli
ed, got greatly the start of every other part
of the region; more labor, capital, and skill
having been expended on them than of those
of any other district : as a necessary conse
quence, the results have been greater in pro
portion.
• 'fhoficW being now pretty well occupied
m Mecklenburg, the spirit of discovery an
plied itself elsewhere. In the course of the
succeeding year, a vein, very extensive and
productive, was discovered in Guilford coun
ty ; ami it was soon operated on by more than
one hundred hands, who flocked in from the
country around, and received permission to
dig on it.
The discovery of ono vein in a district
furnishes the lights f or finding others. The
'People of the neighborhood visit it, examine
the appearances of the ores, and other signs
and indications ; and thus, in some degree,
are qualified lo make tiic search on their own
lands and elsewhere. So it was in Guilford.
The discovery of the first vein, was soon fol
lowed by the opening of a number of others;
and so it will be in every district until the
gold region is explored, so far as external
signs go.
About this time, Cabarras county, which
had hitherto only been considered as produc
tive in its washings, was ascertained to be a
vein mining district; and similar discoveries
were made about the same period in Lincoln.
It is less than a year and a half since gold
in veins was first discovered in Davidson
county, it having previously been found in
and near the beds of rivulets and creeks.
Within the past few months, veins have
been opened in the adjoining county of Ran
dolph. Rowan, situated between Davidson
and Cabarras, embraces a considerable sec
tion of the gold region, and contains many
veins of good external appearance and pro
mise ; and the metal is also found in the
streams. Some few veins have also been
opened in Iredell county, and are now in a
course of developement. .While progress
has been thus making in opening veins°and
ascertaining localities, some valuable discov
eries of stream deposites occurred in a sec
tion ot the State hitherto not suspected to be
within the range of the gold region. I al
lude to the deposites in Burke, one of the
mountainous counties of the State. In this
county,at one, two, or more feet under the
surface, a layer of sand and gravel is found
of different degrees of thickness, from a few
inches to sometimes more than a foot. In
this layer, the virgin gold io found, generally
in small particles, about the size of a pin’s
head, and very often as large as a grain of
corn ; it is separated and collected from the
accompanying raattei by washing. The
abundance and convenience of water, and
the absence of adhesive and tough clay in
the auriferous layer, make the process of
washing a very easy one in Burke.
A number of these deposites have boon
found and are finding, and some of them
have proved to he very productive. The one
called “Brindle’s mine,”now owned by the
Messrs Carsons and others, has been the
most extensively and successfully worked.
It is proper here to add, that, in the ad
joining county of Rutherford, gold, in de
posite, has also been found; hut as yet not
much labor has been directed to develope
ments. One vein is now working with con
siderable regularity and encouragement, and
other veins of good expectation have been
disclosed. Did time and any engagement
permit, I should be pleased here to present
you with a comparative view of the products
ot the mines of North Carolina and Brazil
taking the data of the Brazil mines from such
books as treat on that subject. The differ
once in favor of North Carolina is much
greater than would be imagined.
It might also he gratifying to have a com
parative view of the vein mines in South
America and this country.
I arn not sufficiently well informed, as re
spects tlie South American gold veins, to
draw proper conclusions, ’i’he materials,
however, for such a view might soon be col
lected, as there are now here several persons
ot intelligence who wrought in the mines of
i cm and Chili.
A gentleman of Baltimore, Richard Ca
ton, Esq. some time since, sent me a printed
copy of an official report made to the board
of the “ Anglo Colombian Mining Compn
ny, by the chief agent and superintendent of
the mines in the Republic of Colombia
I his report gives very full and minute de
tails of the operations at Marmato, and of
the results from various experiments made
on the ores of these mines, which are mostly
auriferous sprites. In comparing these re
sults; in reference to quantity of labor, time,
and costs with what is done at some of our
veins of the best class, the difference is
strikingly in favor of North Carolina.
Havmgthus, at your request, given you a
rapid sketch of the history of the first dis
covery and gradua’development of the gold
mines of North Carolina, I will now, with as
much briefness as possible, endeavor to fur
nish such information as I am j n possession
of, m answer to the circular of the commit
tee.
The first query seeks to ascertain the
amount of gold found during the past vear.
I give it as my opinion, that it is next to
impossible even to approximate the truth in
this particular.
So numerous are the placss of veins and
deposites where gold is obtained, and so scat
tered are they along the whole range of the
country, so very deficient as yet in system is
the whole business, with a few exceptions,
and there are so many persons buying up the
gold that it is impossible to give any coirect
estimate of the product of the mines. VV : th
much more facility and accuracy could you
ascertain the quantity of cotton or Hour pro
duced in this country, iam therefore, unwil
ung to hazard even a conjecture on the sub
ject. I hot the product, however, has been
very considerable and increasing, we may dis
cover in several ways. One of the best proofs
is the great change that is perceptible taking
place in the monied concerns of the people.
1 he upper part of North Carolina has very se
verely felt the pressure so generally complain
ed of throughout the south. These difficul
ties arc rapidly disappearing from the gold
distr.cts. The gold that is found, and put
into circulation, and the sums that are expen
ded in making experiments, erecting uia
c.hinery, procuring labour and provisions, are
producing important changes, and greatly
improving the condition of the country; Nor
does the statements from the mint furnish nnv
evidence of the actual amount of gold found,
for the obvious reason that only a small part
ot it reaches that establishment. The last
report from the mint (Ist of January, 1830)
shows an increase during 1829 of nearly two
hundred per cent, over the receipts of 1828 ;
hut wlnle this is an indication that the pro
duct of the mines is increasing, it is no cri
tenon of what is actually found.
thnt r ot 0,,t ° f ?,lace horo ,0 remark,
a hereafter the quantity of domestic gold
that will be received at the mint will bear a
loss proportion to the
than has been the case her w 0ll!it fix
son is this. Heretofore 'fife The
pretty much the only market
1 he artists and merchants in v f tle *ni
other cities in the Union' ZeT^
with the article, and therefore
of deception, dealt but little i n h
sioned the most of the gol,i, ' s c
Philadelphia, where, if nS sold?* , takt '
or merchants, it was deposited
and by one channel or other , tlle •
always did reach that estabiishm"' 011 0
case is now different. A market T"*' 1
de is opening in the most of o lt ; rthe >
north. The artist begins to use °“ tb
manufacturing of Jewelry and „T eof '
is to be recollected that the "2° Wlcab
gold found here is of highef J, ” part °f
coinage even of the United Stlt tlla “
to this circumstance, dispensed’
the aits; and owing to the differed *""
change, it is in demand for ex,,on . of
shape of bullion. A person le U 101)111
ces to make to Europe
ter to buy gold than to pav a• 11 b
Indeed, but for the premium ohtl’- 0 " 1 , 1 * 6 '
eertitieutes g„en a? th, S
deposited for coinage, it i s ,’, , ! ru
a penny-weight would be taken fie “n
certificates generally command f ro *'J W
five per cent, premium. I mak . ,7® thre
rations to’shew that there is no *
sent of ascertaining the correct amom! , P '
precious metal obtained in this co!n '
feecoud inquiry .-Dc the improve!,
machinery, the experience in the p "
! working and collecting, with the?
lights oi science,&c. promise an in *“ 81
the products ? P “ n lncrea *
That there will he an increase in i’„ o
ducts of the present over that of the la!/"
admits of no doubt; and that this 2
wdl continue to advance for years to 2
is equally certain. 001
The gradual enlargement of the gold ,
gion, the number of persons turmm, L.!
lention to the business, the mills tbatjn
going up, (the most of them however are
a limited scale,) the improvement’in it
modes of working and in general manas
ject S ° 10 eaV ° n ° douU U P<”> the su
As to the improvements in machines
to which you allude, they have h ee „ c J
erable within the past two years ; it jjfc
he veil, however, that our existing ? \ m a
far from being perfect. 1
The defects in the present mode of extra
tion are well known to those mostextensiv
ly engaged in the business, ami some of diet
at this time, are turning their attention t
ward the introduction ol other methods ptoo
ising more economy and greater resuta.-
Grinding the ore in water with the vertic
stone, which is the method practised in CM
is now the process most generally used hen
For the quartz ores, particularly whei
the particles ot gold are not very minute,ln
of some size, and inclined to be’rouud rath
than flat, so as to sink the vertical or Chi
mill answers admirably. One great advui
tage that it possesses is, that the reductioni
the ore by amalgamation with quicksilver an
working otl’extraneous matter, all go on
the same time. But for ores of other class*
sv cli as the various oxides ofiron,andwh(n
the pyrites are in a state of decoinpositio
indeed, for the whole class of pyritic on
more especially when the process is condii
toil with quicksilver, the vertical stones i
clniian mill, will not produce good
\\ hether it is that the gold is mineralised,i
it mechanically combined, each panic!
coated with the sulphur or other substane
so it is, that its affinity for the quicksilver
destroyed, and while the amalgamation isii
perfect, the quicksilver is cut up into e
trcinely fine globules, and, as some think, ot
idixed ; and, in this state, i> large per cent
of it passes off with the waters.
The liabilities of the vertical or Chiliai
mill to become disordered, the waste ofgol
and quicksilver, the irregularity of result
from the same ores, the want of properclieck
on the workmen, together with minor objec
tions, it is probable, will, in this course of
few years more, cause these mills to be in
great measure discontinued, except in smal
establishments, and for certain classes of ore
in the large ones.
Third inquiry—From the observation
made on the formation and geology of l*
country, can any certain calculation be made
as to (lie durability of the mines ?
The auriferous veins of North Carol®
have not yet been sufficiently developed*
justify any positive conclusions on this heal
As yet not a single shaft in the whole rang*
of country has been carried down to trie depth
ot a 100 feet. Seventy to eighty feet is th
greatest depth yet attained, and thirty feet i
more than an average on the principal dig
ging. As far, however, as these experiments
go, they lnrnisli no cause to doubt the dura
bility of the mines ; for thus far the well de
fined veins not only retain their size, but in
many cases become larger and more often
than otherwise improve in richness. He 3
has given rise to an idea among the common
workmen that the vein grows richer about
the time it reaches water. On the whole,
when we consider that, in Mexico, Saxony, I
and other great mining districts, veins ham
been successfully followed down more than
2,500 feet, the probability that the veins here
will improve, is at least as great as that the/
will become poorer.
It is not in the nature of things that any
considerable portion of the whole number •
veins existing here, much less all of them
has already been discovered.
The usual way that discoveries are m >,,fi
is, to take some of the earth or gravel I/ 111 !
about the top rocks, and wash it in an tr<*®
pan. If any fine particles of goid are fM
the vein is kr own to be auriferous, and |J
degree of richness and value is judged of >J
a variety of circumstances- This fine go '•>
without doubt, comes out the vein, the j<V
of which bad been diflintergrated, and |a ‘
pieces. There are many bold veins in (, ' c ',
district, the tops of which show no gold," 11
other indicating substances are abmidauk
Tho probability is, that some of t'mso.
greater depth, may prove