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THE LUMPKIN INDEPENDENT 9
A. W. LATIMER, PubliehSf.
VOL. XXL
Highest of all in Leavening Power.—Latest U. S. Gov’t Report
v£aO , -G/>o)
absolutely pure
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KIN Isi.Ki'fcSDKXT.or A. \V. I.ATlMKK
LIME LIGHT CANDLES.
They Aro Stilt Made Hy Crude and Old
Fatfhfonmf Prooeanei.
enormously increased of late years, and
even the electric light has not sup
planted it, hut the attempt to substi
tute machinery for hand work inmami
faoturiug the candles has met with
small success. Lime candles are. pro
dueed by compression, but they are not
satisfactory, and the niu is true of
magnesium candles. The band saw and
the circular saw have been tried in tbe
cutting of 11ms candles, bat have not
proved satisfactory.
The greater part of the lime candles
used in theaters, lecture rooms
cUnics in this city nro made by hand,
1 he workman sits on a bench or stool,
and has in front of him a square box
opeu at the top, and partly filled with a
log of wood that rises some inches
above the mouth of the box. Across
the horizontal end of this log <8 bit of
plank is nailed, and this plank JS tra
versed hy a deep groove at right 3 ngles
to its length.
Llme for the manufacture of candles
comes in barrels containing about
pounds each. It Is lump or unslacked
lime. The powder and the small lumps
are useless. Lumps as sm ill as four
inches long and two inches wide are
rudely shaped with a hatchet. Larger
lumps are sawn in parts and
then shaped as the smaller lumps. !
After preparing the rude lumps
the workmsn te rns them one at a time
•nd smooths them with a broad, coarse
file. He lays each lump parallel to the .
groove and slowly in the plank the on lumo top of the box, |
turns as he draw*
the file back and forth through the [
gr 2Z" !
The whole process of making the
candles seems crude and simple, but it
can be successfully done only by »
workman acquainted with the qualities I
of lime and long-practiced in handling
.tools and material. A skilled workman
knows what lamps are worth saving,
and just how far to go In shaprag them
with the hatchet Lima with much
•and U almost useless for the purpose
of making candlea Sometimes only a
c *” h® “»d«f ro m a whole
horrst of lime; The best y 111
4 imc twenty dozen to the barraL Such
of the lime as is unfit to be ent into ean-,
dies, and the "mall filings that fall into
toe workman s box are put bock into ;
the barrel and returned to the mcr
chant They are as good for ordinary i
pm^ as lime the large lump* j
The best candles mil burn nn
der theoxy-hydrogen stream from two
to five hours, but many last only an
hour, and some must be thrown away
in five minutes. The lime slowly pits
underthe stream and after a time the
candle splits or flakes off. The best
candle. may be reversed and burned
for rome time in that position.
Lime candles are onlinanly three
inchra long and rather less than an
inch in diameter. A skilled man w,tli
good tools and material can make
eight dozen a day. 1 hey wholesale at
about eighty cents a dozen, though
some for stereopticon use, being more
carefully the theaters, made than those supplied to j
fetch a rather higher
price.—X. Y. Sun.
The King Got Excited.
For many years it was the custom of
audiences to stand when the “Hallelu¬
jah Chorus” from “The Messiah” was
sung. This arose from a mere acciden¬
tal expression of excitement. When
Ocorge II. was present at the first Lon¬
don performance, at Covent Garden, of
the famous oratorio he became so ex¬
cited by tbe “Hallelujah Chorus” that
he rose to his feet, and thus inaugurated
a custom which came down almost to
the present day.
—Traveler —“Much game in the
neighborhood?” Inhabitant—“Nawp—
none at alL” Traveler—“Well—er—
then it’s a dangerous locality—I see
you carry a gun.” Inhabitant—“Oh—
that’s what we use for planting—
ground is so hard we have to shoot the
•eed in.”—Amateur Sportsman. i
A V/EEKLY NEWSPAPER. PUBLISHED IN THE POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS OF STEWART COUNTY, GA,
WESTERN INFORMALITY.
Where They Treat Visitors Cordially, But
with Cheerful __ U noon vent tonality. _
The lavish western hospitality which
insists noon treating a guest as a very
great personage has not yet been re
placed by conventional coldness coldness and and
formality. Not long ago the wife of a
literary man visited relatives in a west
ern city, savs the Brandon Buckshaw.
Her coming having been duly announced
by a local paper, tl.o day after her ar
rival no less than five private carriages
were placed at the lady’s disposal, in
eluding drivers.
She could not.aocept them all, but did
not fail of an opportunity to drive out
and see the.'very fine country about the
town. Within forty-eight hours she
had received no fewer than fifty calls
from people who came to pay their com
plimeuts and who paid them with great
generosity and enthusiasm.
But the crowning experience was to
come. With another relative she
tended a sort of Sunday school meeting,
intending to take a seat modestly at tlia
bock nn rt of the Imesn in.l lu>ne win t
wont on Entering the hall the two
ladies were beckoned by an usher.
“Tills way, ladles!"
They followed him, and before they
were fully aware of it were upon the
platform close by the minister’s side
c " rt ‘ng b >' siting her to address tho
lint the eastern , lady, who , was shy ,
and retiring in disposition, could not
cvt ' n attempt to rise; perhaps her knees
would not have have held her if she had
attempted. See sat still, quite over
w dmed, with downcast eyes. 1 hero
was a painful1 silence, which presently
th° minister broke:
li ' th<». he said, ‘our friends do
not care to address us perhap sthey xvil
nse and give us a good look at them?”
This was ashanl, a demand to fillas
the other. The ladies sat perfectly
quiet and there was another still more
painful si.cnee. 1 here was nothing to
do but go on with the exercises. It was
an awful experience lor the indy from
the east; but in spite of it she spent her
time in the town very delightfully, find
lug (he people warm-hearted beyond all
account and the place attractive and in
tcrestmg.
-
MILES OF SALT.
-
An J “
. ...... f
ls th «- Grcat <U ' ! «' rt . of / i’. 1 craia 'T wh a" 'ch a
’
:
BO ' ,u ' of f, ohe f a ”' \\ K '
da 'Ph who recently snslted . this , place,
says that Darya-i-Namak is an exten
of f rol,nd - * lo l >!n F ” n f 1
sid ^ toward .the center, covered with
an_ Incrustation of solid sal t several feet
thick in most places, while in some
parts it is of unknown depth. Ac
cording to (loldthwaite’s Geographical
Magazine, it must have taken many
centuries to form. .As he saw it from
tbe mountain top it stretched away for
many miles, appearing like avast frozen
hike It extended as iar as the eye
could reach toward the south and west
and glistened in the sun like % sheet of
g
His party finally approached the
ffhi of the salt plain and decided to
«"»• «t They found swnmpy ground
for a mile or so and then entered upon
the sheet of solt “teelf- tho edge
t he i norusteUon as thin ( and the salt
uma aoft, sloppy ^ and mixed with
earth. At a distance of three or four
ml1 ®* ^ rom th ® «dge tho salt looked like
wild Ice as it is seen on any pond in
northern latitudes during the winter.
The surface ras not quite level, but re
scmb^l thawed and that then of ice frozen which had again. partially after a
slight fall of snow. Of the solidity of
the incrustation there could be no
doubt for camels, horses and mules
were traveling■ewer it without a vibra
tlon of any kind being perceptible.
After marching for about eight miles
upon this unusual surface the P«*y
halted to examine its composition. They
tried by means of a hammer and an iron
tent peg, to break off a block of salt to
carry away as a specimen. The salt,
however, was so very hard that .they ,
could make no impression upon it.
They managed at last in another place
to chip off a lot of fragments which '
were of the purest white. In two or
three days they had absorbed so much
moisture that they became soft and
slatey blue in color.
lie Had Heard of Kim.
A curious little incident of the Shake¬
speare birthday celebration at Strat
ford-on-Avon is recorded by the Lon¬
Telegraph. A laborer in a rough
felt hat and long smock walked into
the Shakespeare library and, after look¬
ing at one of the custodians, went up
to him and said: “I say, zur, be you Mr.
as I’ve hearn speak ov?"
custodian explained to the rustic
he was not tho gentleman referred
to.
-Bread Rolls-These should oe mane
wKtVrTC' £om a fresh loaf that is lukewarm. Re
loaf. Do not try tousehafd butter,hut |
cream it slightly. Cut the slices very
thin and roll like JeUy roll and tie with i
ribbon.—Home. I
LUMPKUSf, GEORGIA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, WQ2.
LIFTED BY* A FLEA.
The ltlliabethan Blacksmith's Peat Oupll
cated by a Modern Scientist.
Mark Scarlot, a blacksmith, who lived
during the reign of Queen Elisabeth,
made a chain of forty-five links, to
which ho attached a padlock made of
steel and brass, consisting of eleven
pieces besides the key.
The chain was so small os to freely
admit of being fastened about tbe neck
'of a common flea.
The apparatus, flea, chain, padlock,
■key half and when all, exhlbted weighed before but a the grain wonder¬ and a
|w. ing loyalty 09 a plate of polished stt
The reader will no donht think
{this [the [the flee proverbial proverbial story worthy “grain “grain of of to be taken noting, with
salt," salt,”
as he will, that it bears the date and
(ear |what marks will of he “Ye have olden times,” but
to Bay when in
i* ormod that within tho last five years a
!“*“ P ?P cl9co professor has equaled
® carl , °. t ’’‘fg'TJty in every particular?
i 60 *! th J? Philadelphia Press.
inhibited fhe Golde n perfectly <Ga te woyder trained worker team has of
a
I fleas > Rawing a miniature tally-ho
j coaob oi _ gold, with all four
!"' lleel ? Perfect, each turning nicely on
j, 1™. Schumann, of Berne, Switzer
I 1 and * worked seven years making a sil
ver ’ and platinum model of the
f rea t Xvrupp fifty-ton hummer, now in
18 '- rl 'PP ff un works at Essen, tier
,{“ any ’ In Schumann s model the frame,
ha f™ e ? and P"Hoys, all complete,
but t one and a half grains. The
' ‘TVj P a nam > tbo Pulleys silver
and the hammer of solid gold.
t ™“ ed h y Mr - Schumann, will,
th ? ' v ° ° a “ d ’ hoist the ham
me r t° the top the frame, where it is
auto . tically set free, descending in,
' na
P rocls °ly the same manner as the mon
Stor after which it is modeled. Mark
5°*® of ^ 1893 wonders, have excollod but the bis “profes- best ef
° r
WOULDN’T WASTE CHANCES.
cnd witb an animatcd dissertation on;
the marriage question? asks a writer in’
Womankind; and then she adds: 1 hup
pon ed, not long since, to stray into a,
par ty Q f f a j r babblers. Fair, did I say?,
-^voip a ]j onc She was tho most
Rl-favored, unlovely girl I have seen in
many ft day . Her complexion was
prottji but „, IS marml by a head of
luminous hair, freckles to match, and,
pa Wws, i e bluo ,,yes. A total lack of eye-.'
In connection with large and,
promine nt teeth, excluded all hope ojt,
facial beanty, even in future yeura. As,
tho conversation rolled on from topic
to topic the great subject of marriage,
was finally broached. I will not at-[
tempt to toll you how each individual
gave her profound views on the subject;'
bow tho majority assorted that they
knew marriage was a failure, that Ml- :
nerV a herself had thought best to re-'
n , a i n nn old maid, ete., numerous other,
cases being cited to hold up their end of '
the argument. At last there was a,
lull. Tho fair disputants were evldentr
** collecting their thoughts for a fresh!
when our graceless maid
threw do "' n a ,k>hU s1> c had been perns-'
i„ g through the thickest of the partied battle,j
rumpled up her locks till each
lar hair seemed to assume a perpendic
£ Uion Bnd , l ng f one toot out
, n f nt ()f her , remar te(I<with „•
yawn: “Well, girls, 1'IJ tell you what:'
Pve made , Iny mtlld tomarry the first
man that IlsUs mc ." The ceaseJ
their arguing :
—
A COW AMONG BEARS.
„ OMy „ eardg the Formidable Uruln in'
Hla Den.
,
Jnst ont sid# tho city of Borne, in
witzerland, there ] .is a bear pit, the in-' '
abitants of wh ( . h are a8 savag0 us
w,, have can be , and thoy are known to
mndo away rapidly with any living
being that ever happened to drop into
tbe ir midst The other day a butcher
droTe a oo W to the city. Tho cow took;
grigbt, ran off and thebSrf temped over the
fenoe down Into pit TbO;
> be arB were anxious to beoome mow in
^teiately acquainted with the OOW and
began mewing slowly toward her. await! She.
d id notseem equally desirous to
their amenities, and, being none the,
for hcr m!g hty spring just mode,
ebe lowered her horns and rnshed for-[
ward to assault the bear that wus near-!
^ hor . The H , laggy lellow lost
i^eax-fc, turned tail and retired into his,
~ve. Then the cow turnod her horns
jo Ward another bear, who also
ered discretion the better part of valor
withdrew to his cave. In less time'
than , t takes to recite the story aU the!
bears i, ad sought refuge in their lairs’
amlthe ^ the cow stood ol the in pit. solitary triumph'
cenU;r Then she was
t^n out by the keeper. A rich rest
d ent of the suburbs of Berne, having
Been the gallant self-defense of the cow,!
took a fancy to her, bought her of the
butcher and has her now at his country
ggaf and j s pro ud of hcr.
An Immense Meteoric Stone.
An aerolite of immense size fell the
other day into the Caspian sea naar tho
coast of the peninsula of Apcheron, on
which Iiakn, the Russian oil city, is lo¬
cated. It is lying in water of a depth
of nearly thirty feet and stands seven
feet above water. As it must have sunk
into the soft ground to the depth of
some feet, the stone cannot measure
less than forty feet in height. It made
a terrible noise when coming down, and
kept the water boiling to a great dis
tance for a long time.
----_
Bllsteriilff Beetles.
There are many kinds of beetles in
E bTisTiw thl amg ^
fly , fe ring to same wHh 'i
,B „"? abt T vv “ shi
the redeeming habit of devouring grass
hoppers' eggs.
A CAT OF CHARACTER.
Sh« Protects a Blrdllng and Kills a
Snake;
’
Iu the mountain districts of Pennsyl
vania two wrens had built their nests
under the oaves of an old farmhouse,
and there they reared a small and in
teresting family, says the Brandon
Bucksaw. Among the attaches of the
farmer’s household was a white cat, And
when the wrens become so tome that
they used to hop around the piazza in
search of crumbs, the cat would lie in
wall for them, and several times came
within an aoe of cetohing the adult
birds. When the farmer noticed this be
'kicked the oat, and she Anally learned
that it was dangerous to fool with the
wrens.
, When the baby wrens grow larger
One of them one day fell out of the
pest and, being too weak to run and
unable to fly, lay helpless on the grass,
:Tho cot saw the accident and ran rap
idly „ to seize tho bird, but, seeming to
remember the lesson taught her, when
she reached the helpless little thing
she only touched it daintily with her
paw and then lay down and; watched it
Presently there came a black and
yellow garden snake toward the flut
tering birdling. lhe cat was dozing
and wm awakened by the fluttering of
the bird. Instantly Bhe rose and struck
the reptile with her paw. This was an
enemy the snake did not appreciate,
but it was hungry, so it darted forward
and attempted to seize the bird under
the very shelter of the oat’s head.
Like a flash the cat seized the pffiAo
just aelc of_tno head and killed It with
one bite. When the farmer happened
along in tho afternoon he found the oat
crouching m the grass sheltering tho
bird, and ten feet away was the dead
snalte. This made it clear that tho cat
had carried the bird away from tho
snake, and tho young adventurer
soon restored to its anxious parents,
BOATS FOR WOMEN.
TheT 1>r ° rcr 0, ‘° v ’* 11 Not Easily
broad as it is long. Some catboats are
broader than they are long. Buch would
be a entboat thirteen feet by twentv
four, which are tho dimensions of a
well-reraemberecl eatboat. That is a
nautical estimate; the length by rights
should bo twice tho breath of beam, as
in this case it, was not. There is bnt
one man; he handles the tiller with one
hand, shifts the sail with the other and
entertains you with talk of his craft,
He pretends great Indifference to yachts
and says: “We don’t thlnlc much of
’em." A eatboat, says tho Now York
Journal, not only Is as broad as a room
but has a centerboard. Literally it can
not capsize. On fine afternoons when ent
boats arc available they look like float
ing nurseries. Tho most timid moth
era will take their children out in a cat
boat if the children will promise not to
throw themselves or one another into
the water. There is no other possibility
of their getting in. A well-built cat
boat will sail like a skimming dish by
raising the centerboard or will cleave
the water like a cutter with its lowered
center board. It is, however, bad to
becalmed in. It carries but one oar resist! and
its breadth offers a good deal of
ance. But a calm on the water isnoth
Ing to a calm on land. A belated sailing will
party on household a quiet summer consternatTon night
tlmnv a into
and break up the fountains of the deep P
that lie in woman’s eyes.
----
CURIOSITIES IN BOOKBINDING,
tYholo LUrarlc. „ , Uouad . lu Tanned Human
Extravagance in binding has fre
quently furnished an opening for the
display L of fantastic tricks and advertis£ fads. In
bookseller’s catalogue is an
mont of a Latin cony of Apulcin's oTa
"Golden Ass” bound in the skte
Jerusalem ass, the leather being still
unhaired. A book by Jeffery Hudson,
the noted dwarf, was boundia the silk
wnisteoet of Charles L, tbe dwarfs
patron saint A do luxe edition ot Fox’!
historical works, phSbeaphev, specially
Edwards, tbe was bound
thremghoot tn foe akin, forty-seven
P«Ma ot these little animate being re
quired to complete tbe job. CTCormell,
who so delighted in tho JvorkThod possession of a
first edition of Bacon’s the
entire sot rebound in pigskin, and al
ways lovingly referred to them os his
“Bacon-rind” boolis. Luring tho French
revolution, “when death stalked
through the land and murder lurked
in every dark comer,” some of the
philosophers who hod become hardened
with their nightly revels, “where skulls
were used as drinking cups,” carried
their love of the grewsome and the hor
rible so far as to rebind whole libraries
in human skin. The writer of this
"Note” onco had the pleasure!?) of
handling a copy of a murderer’s confcs
sion which was bound in' the tanned
skin of the murderer himself,
niff Smokestacks on Ocean Steamers.
Ask tho average man what he thinks
is about the average diameter of the
or smokestacks, of the largo
Atlantic steamships, and ho will most
probably say somewhere between four
eight feet, the latter figure being
put at the outside limit. And he will
about ten feet wide of the mark on
guess, for steamship fuunels are
most deceptive things afloat. The
of the Etruria, which may bo
as a fair standard for the big
measure over eighteen feet in
One of the leading engineer
journals in tho country is responsi
i 0 for the measurements.
Not a New idea.
The idea of printed dresses for mas
is not a new one. At least
party dress years of ago white a young lady wore a
cloth which had
through the of the Kansas T
Journal press j
of Commerce. Tho cloth
the imprint of the day’s news,
a reproduction of the regular 1
paper of that date. 1
CURIOUS FRENCH COINS.
They Are Itare, and Therctoro Interest'
Injf and Valuable.
Numismatists or coin-collectors have
interesting objects of search in two
coins which belong to the transition
period between the French republic and
the second empire. One of these is an
extreinoly raro coin which Was struck
off just the moment of the assumption
of the reins of empire by Napoleon III.
Only the die for the obverse or head of
a now Imperial coin had been corn
pleted, and by some accident, or possi¬
struck bly bv mischievous design, a cola was
off which bore the head of "Na¬
poleon HI., Emperor,’* on one Bido, and
“French Republic” on the other.
This contradictory coin is of Interest
to others than numismatists for it
symbolizes in a striking way the many
sudden changes which have taken place
in French politics in the past century.
With the other coin a singular story
is connected. While Louis Napoleon
was '“prince-president," and just be¬
fore he made himself emperor, a decree
was issued ordering a five-franc silver
piece to be coined bearing his image.
Tho dies were made, and one coin
was struck off as a sample and sent to
the princc-prcsident for approval. But
some time passed before he examined it.
When at last ho gave it his attention he
was annoyed to find that ho had been
represented on the coin with a “love¬
lock,” or hooked lock of hair on tho
temple, which ho did actually wear at
that period, but which he thought un¬
suitable to so dignified and permanent
a representation of himself as an effigy
upon a coin.
The prince-president sent for the di¬
rector of the mint, and ordered him to
remove tho "love-lock." Then he found
that his silence with regard to the piece
had been taken for approval, and that
tho stamping of tho coins had com¬
menced.
Tho work was stopped, says the
Youth’s Companion, and the image was
deprived of its undignified lock; but the
twenty-three coins that had already
been struck off were not destroyed, and
are now regarded as of great value.
DO A3 A TRAMP DOES.
Stick to Your Immediate Object and Sue
cous Is Sure to Follow.
A successful business man was asked
by a Cincinnati Enquirer man the other
day the secret of his success. “Well,"
said he, "it is all due to some good ad¬
vice given to mo by an old man when I
was a boy. I got out of a job onc time
and went to my old friend for sympathy
and advice, lie drew his chair up to
mine, and, taking one of my hands
loosely in his own, said: ‘My boy, never
be discouraged. Have some confidence
in yonr own ability to tussle with the
world. Be independent. You must be
like a tramp that is in Nexv York and
wants to get to Chicago. After a good
deal of trouble he gets on to a freight
train, near the engine, maybe, lie
doesn't ride far before he is seen and
put off. Does the tramp give up? No;
he simply gets on in tho middle of the
train, and if put off again goes farther
back until at last ho is put off the ca¬
boose. Then what does lie do? Why,
He simply waits for another train and
tries it over. Now, if you have little
troubles, just bide your time and crawl
back into favor. If your employer
should discharge you, that is no evi¬
dence that you have no ability or that
you cannot succeed. It may be the best
thing in the world for you. Why, some
of the most noted novels and famous
songs were refused by many smart pub¬
lishers until at last some one saw their
worth and brought them out. Never be
discouraged, my son. Just get onto tho
next train and you will get there all
right some time.’ ”
THE FIRST LUCIFER MATCH.
An Kiicltsli Member cf Parliament Tell.
of His Discover/.
It is not generally known that it Is to
Isaac Holden, M. 1’., that we owe the
invention of the lueifer match. This
discovery was, he himself has told a
writer in the Pall Mall Budget, tho re
eult of a happy thought “In the morn¬
ing I used to got up at 4 o’clock in order
to pursue my studios, and 1 used at that
time tho flint and tho stool, in the use
of which I found very great lnoonrea
ienoe. Of course I know, as other
chemists did, the oxploeivo material
that was necessary in order to produce
instantaneous light; but it wae very dif¬
ficult to obtain a light on wood hy that
explosive material, and tho idea oc¬
curred to mo to put sulphur under tho
explosive mixture. I did that, and
showed it in my next lecture on chem¬
istry, a course of which I was deliver¬
ing ut a large academy. There was,”
added Mr. Holden, “a young iiian in tho
room whose father was a chemist in
London, and ho immediately wrote to
father about' it, and shortly aftcr
wurd lueifer matches wore issued to the
world. I believe that was the first oc¬
that we had tho present lueifer
match. I was urged to go and take out
a patent immediately, bnt I thought it
so small a matter and it cost mo so
little labor that I did not think it proper
go and get a patent; otherwise I havo
doubt it would have been very profit¬
able.”
Had Seen tho Ilarhor Before,
Sydney, Australia, has a remarkably
fine harbor, and the people are proud of
it. No stranger can visit tho place
without being asked, again uinl again:
"What do you think of our beautiful j
harbor?” 1 his question, repeated too
often, is liable to become a source of
amusement, if not of annoyance. The
author of “Homeward Bound" relates
that an Irate skipper, with tho reeolloc
tionof previous visits to the city in his
mind, once sailed ftp tho bay with a
placard rigged at the bow of hi#
craft: “Wo have admired your bcauti
ful harbor.”
Papa—“Alid now, my daughter, you
must take a course in modern history ”
Kate—“What’s the use, papa? I've
studied ancient history, t ami 1 tliouglit
you said history always repeated it- I
self.” ^
THE SUN'S ENERGY.
'peculations on the Duration of Life And
Heat.
There is i boundary to the prospect
of the continuance of the sun’s radia¬
tion. Of course, as the loss of heat goes
on, tlie gaseous parts will turn into
liquids, and as the prooess is still fur¬
ther protracted, the liquids will trans¬
form into solids. Thus we look for¬
ward to a time when the radiation of
the sun can be no longer conducted in
conformity with the laws which dictate
the loss of heat from a gaseous body.
When this state is reached the sun may,
no doubt, he an Incandescent solid with
a brilliance os great as is compatible
with that condition, but the further
loss of heat will then Involve loss of
temperature; At the present time the
body may be so far gaseous that the
temperature of the sun remains, abso¬
lutely constant. It may even be the
ease that the temperature of the sun,
notwithstanding the undoubted loss of
heat, is absolutely rising.
It is, however, incontrovertible that a
certain maximum temperature having
been reached (whether wo have yet
reached it or not we do not know), tem¬
perature will then necessarily decline.
There is certainly no doubt whatever
that the sun, which is now losing heat,
even if not actually falling in tempera¬
ture, must, at some time, begin to lose
its temperature. Then, of course, its
capacity for radiating heat will begin
to abate. The heat received by the
earth from the great center of our sys¬
tem must, of course, decline. There
seems no escape from the conclusion
that the continuous loss of solar heat
must still go on, so that tho sun will
pass through the various stages of bril¬
liant incandescence, of glowing redness,
of dull redness, until it ultimately be¬
comes a dark and non-lmninous star.
In this final state the sun will liter¬
ally join the majority. Every analogy
would teach us that the dark and noa
luminous bodies in the universe are far
more numerous than the brilliant suns.
We can never see the dark objects, we
can discern their presence only indi¬
rectly. All the stars that we can see
are merely those bodies which at this
epoch of their career happen for the
time to be so highly heated ns to be
luminous.
There is thus a distinct limit to mail’s
existence on the earth, dictated by the
ultimate exhaustion of the sun. It is,
of course, a question of much interest
for 11s to speculate on the probable du¬
ration of the siin’s beams in sufficient
abundance for the continued mainten¬
ance of life. Perhaps the most reliable
determinations are those which have
been made by Prof. Langley. They are
based on his own experiments upon the
intensity of solar radiation, conducted
under circumstances that give them
special value. I shall endeavor to give
a summary of tho interesting results at
which he has arrived. The utmost
amount of heat that it would ever have
been possible for the sun to have con¬
tained would supply its radiation for
eighteen million years at the present
rate. Of course, this does not assert
that the sun, as a radiant body, may not
be much older than the period named.
We have already seen that the rate at
which the sunbeams are poured forth
has gradually increased us the sun rose
in temperature. In the early times the
quantity of sunbeams dispensed was
much less per annum than at present,
and it is, therefore, quite possible that
the figures may be so enlarged as
to meet the requirements of any reason¬
able geological demand with regard to
past duration of life on the earth.
It seems that the sun has already dis¬
sipated about four-fifths of the energy
with which it may have originally been
endowed. At all events, it seems that,
radiating energy at its present rate, the
sun may hold out for four million years,
or for five million years, but not for ten
million years. Here thon we discern in
the remote future a limit of the dura¬
tion of life on this globe. We have seen
that it does not seem possible for any
other source of heat to be available for
replenishing the waning stores of the
luminary. It may bo that tho heat was
originally imparted to tho sun as the
result of some great collision between
two bodies which were both dark before
the oolllslon took place, so that, in feet,
the two dark masses coalesced into a
vast nebula from which the whole of
our system has been evolved. Of course,
it is always conceivable that the sun
may bs rolnvigorated by a repetition of
a similar startling process. It is, how¬
ever, hardly necessary to observe that
so terrific a convulsion would bo fatal
to life in the solar system. Neither
from tho heavens above, nor from the
earth beneath, does It seem possible to
discover any rescue for the human race
from the inevitable end The race is as
mortal as the individual, and, so far as
we know, its span cannot under any
circumstances be rnn out beyond a num¬
ber of millions of years which can cer
talnly be told on the fingers on both
hands, anil probably on tho fingers of
one.—Robert 8. Ball, in Fortnightly
Review.
-*w
A MATTER OF FASHION.
Hoys Divide Themselves Among
Nine l*ut>t!o HchouU.
It is not easy for Americans to under¬
stand the extent to which fashion rules
in English schools. The full upper class
for Englishmen, Cosmopolituif aomrding to
writer iu the consists
n taking a degree at Oxford or Cam
preceded by four to six years at
e of the great public schools. Dozens
schools would give a man all he
in ,J.he way of education, but to
“comme II faut” be should have
at one of the few crock old schools
founded in 1440; Harrow, 1571;
Winchester, 1387; Rugby, U07; or atone
the five crack now schools. Chcltcm-
1841; Marlborough, 1843; Welling
, 858 . cilftoB, 18Gb; or Huiieylmry,
1802.
Among all the schools of England
Eton stands easily first in reputation,
Harrow second, Winchester third, and
, before , she . , fell on evil days , Rugby was
"sate" fourth.
Terms $1 00 Per Annum.
I
SyiUJLJr finQTT’3
EMULSION
CURES
Wonderful Floeh Producer^
Many day by have its gained one pound" j
per use.
Scott’s Emulsion is hot a secret
remedy. It contains the stimulate
ing properties of tlie Hj-pophoa
pliites and pure Norwegian Cod
Liver Oil, the potency of ' both
being largely increased. It is used,
by Physicians all over tho world.
PALATABLE AG MILK.
Sold by all Druggists. 1
•COTT & BOWNS, Chemists, M.Y*
dp. te 9
fev -; ' ' a
m Ip; s ip
■
2 FAST TOWS
ATLANTA, CHATTASfiBBA, NN0KVILU,
CINCINNATI, LOUISVILLE, ASHEVILLE,
AND SUMMER RESORTS.
may xx, ie»o.
Lv Brunswick ..... 11 :INi p.Tll. 1 : 21 'K.m.
Lv Jcsup.......... l-3ti a m lfh’k) a.m.
Ar Macon .......... 6;S” a m. *1:35 p.lrii
L.v Macon .......... 7-.«J2 ft.uv 4:10 p.TO.
Ar Atlanta..........
Lv Atlanta.....
ttixStkhoogv!! 1 2:00 a.m.
Ar 5:00 n m. 0:15 a.ni*
Ar Lodisvillef...... 7 26 a.m.
Ar Cincinnati ., P:4I) a.m.
Ar Knoxville...... ___
Morristown*. 135 p in. 7:55 u.nu
Ar »:H> p.m p.m 9:25 am*
Ar Hot Springs 10:10 p.m. 11 24a.m*
Ar Asheville 12:35 ft * m - 1 : »2 p nij
_
AT tltistol .........
Ar Olnde Springs ...
Ajr Ar WytheviU®....... It . . 2:30 a.m. 4 15 p.m.
on Hoke . ... 5 :20ft.m. f
_
Ar Natural Bridge .. .. 7:30 a.m.J 8:82 p.m*
Luiuy . . ■■ 11. 53 a-m. 12: 87 a.m*
PSS 11:20 7:20 a.m. 9:20 p.ni
::: ........ a.m...........
........ 2 :0 0 p.m ...........
.... Train leaving
Pullman Brunswick at H.flOp in. carried
BiBFet Sivopers Brunawivtc to Atlanta and Pull¬
Connecting man at Bleepers Itvrno Jnrk«onvilIo With to Bleepers Cincinnati*
Washington, and at Chattanooga' through with Pullman to
Sleepers Train for Memphis and the West.
Mivcomvith leaving Pullman Brunswick Sleeper at 8.20 a.m, connects at
with for Chat Knoxville tanonga and at
Atlanta Pullman Bleeper for wiersi
connections are made with Pullman Sleeper tot
Philadelphia aud New York, and Hot Bpringjaud
TWO '^BEKKXCTfisfoY^TICItETg CENTS per mile travelled rommonciutf
May lSfh, 1890 . good to Return before Nov 1st
No Slgimliire t'o niru r l
_
_______
FRANK M*Jfi1.1!if.'iViqVirl'Azrat. No. 15 IVo-t I’.oy SI.. .I». k.niivlllo, FI*.
C.N.KIOBr H. tv. (VBKNN.
PECULATE THE
STOMA*::!, LIVER AND DOWELS,
A*n>
PURIFY THE 8LCCD.
A RELIABLE REMEDY FOB
Imllgcfetlffn, WcuaIccIm*. €onst!»
put lost, Ilfsp^ciu, Chro r.lcr Ltvcr TrwiWfs,
DluIuoHfii Hud Complexion, Dysentery,
Offenfilvo Hrettth, and *11 dborden of the
Stomach* liver and Bowel*.
Rlpaaa TabnSo* eonCain ffothiaj? Injurtoos to
tbe most delicate constitution. Ploamattotalm,
tofo.affootoah (HroImmediateroUaf.
tMtdbfdrVgglito. A trial bottle hr Mil
oorooototof 15ooota. A d ir em
TUB BIBANS CHtMIOAL ##•
10 SPRCCK STREET, *EW YORK OTY.
iiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiMiiiiiniiiirtimiMiiiihfiiii
i = TO CONSUMERS
-
- I “ w ARTESIAN I
I 1 Manufactured EXPORT by tho BEER Montgomery, 3
s
I Ain., In lha Brewing world, and Co., this has assertion no superior s
verified by all Is s .
I judge who hero persons tried It. competent It to s
tasted it GIVE yon hare 5 ~
- s-xsiN-a ladyY’si not iT A TRIAL, and
5 you "fit THANK us for telling you s
z i PS®, UtTESlMj about H. The marvellous purity and 5
LhoifJ adaptability manutaciUf:contribute of the WATER used In its j
=
5 tolls MPerlcf FLAVOR ff, V
= and which gained wnolesomtncss, for it
- = -—- MEDALat the s 1
GOLD PARIS ,:id
1 the HICHEST AWARDS WHERE
S EVER ELSE EXHIBITED. =
iiiiMimiEiicimmi.-uiiimimiiitiiiMiiuciiitiiiimiiK
ifWM 'hWtM JH 72 WM
g^s^iigsai
a 5 VKEUIS *• piveStOstK k t
relict uiul is mi iiifullifilo $1.11/
Cure for l'Hos. Price
Druurfflstsornmil. Address" A NAK SumiiLW RSIS/
frer. York City.
liox *410, Now
7 p
TT Mceivui)) iimiiHi,a|)l: U ud ,n« ifirtii'H
riiwh o'* jmv«lry, »>nr.«»>*»«?« tf>i*t idihJI f*irv5.*iV • *:.
»/»'iffiiiiii'fittH'fr,i( f(»r;iiii.)ii>)’(i’i. ^?ilt ! *iif<ftion M
NIAGARA f.JPPt/Y IT* » *; H\t,r NiN I'-iT»mIO '
Happy and content is a home with The Ko
fiiester, r a lamp with the light of the morning,
For cntal*£ut lont! A'ctvi»;; Ltirrrf C o. FSCoj 1 orkt
no. 30 .
oomsumfumi
scrofula >
BRONCHITIS
COUCHS t
COLDS
Wasting Siseuta