Newspaper Page Text
Werinr. dry Morning. Cct. 19. 1921.
THE MILLEDGEVILLE NEWS
DOCTORS STUDY
SPEECH DEFECTS
United States Public Health Serv
ice Takes Up Problem.
FINDINGS IN II. S. HOSPITAL
Investigations of War Neurosis Throw
Much Light on Stuttering and Other
Disorders of Speech—Dr. Blanton
Telia American Medical Association
Treatment Should Not Be Left to
Quacks and Charlatans — Makes
Study of School Children.
Along with Its other activities for
the benefit of ex-service men who were
obliged to hove hospital care am)
treatment following their return from
France, the t'liited States government, j
through its public health service, has i
been studying speech defects and treat- '
lug the former soldiers nfflieted with
them. Speech defects developed In a
fairly large number ns the result of
the exigencies of’ war.
What has been done In work along
this line was explained at the annual ]
meeting of the American Medical assn, |
elation by Dr. Smiley Blanton, asso
ciate professor of speech hygiene, and |
associate in neuropsychiatry at the j
University of Wisconsin Med leal I
school, and attending specialist at the j
speech clinic of the United Slates pub- !
lie health service. Dr. Blanton's paper I
appears In full In The Journal of tin* !
American Medical Association. |
The i xperlence gained by those who '
have been studying lb*- matter leads j
them to believe that disorders of
speech are due to the lack of ability
to adapt cmot!onn"y to social situa
tions, oi to a fault; motor mechanism,
either hereditary or acquired. Also,
that the most worthwhile results
which tire obtained at present ore
those which aim at the underlying
cause and general hygiene and muscle
training; and that training aimed nt
the alleviation of the symptom alone
Is pernicious because It obscures the
Issue and in hysterical cases actually
‘•set-’ the disorder.
The physicians feel that this prob
lem. for so many years left In the
hands of quacks nnd charlatans and
uni mined people, Is most distinctly n
medical problem, nnd that nouropsy-
chlatrlc training Is necessary for the
diagnosis and treatment of these pa
tients. Dr. Blanton strongly urged the
necessity for training medical students
lu the value of speech disorders as a
significant symptom.
Dr. Blanton began hi* paper by call
ing attention to the fnet that at hlrlti
the speech area has not yet been de
monstrated In the brain, and there
fore the development of speech ls*iiot
Inevitable. An Intact auditory appa
ratus, the presence of Intelligence, and
an Intact nervous and muscular sys
tem are required for its proper devel
opment, plus certain emotional and so
da! demands and situations under the
stimulus of which It Is organized.
Speech Disorders Form a Key.
Speech disorders, then, are early and
Invaluable symptoms of anomalies of
lutellect and emotional growth as well
»s organic dllliculties of the nervous
system, he says.
“I situ I! not touch on the organic
aphasias, hut shall confine the dis
cussion to the four tentative groups,”
said Dr. Blanton ;‘‘(1) delayed speech;
(2) letter substitution; (3) oral inac
tivities of tin* articulatory organs; (J)
stuttering, which Includes the disor
der of stammering. These disorders
should he regarded as symptom com
plexes rather than ns disense entitles.
These types are rarely simple Mild
clear cut.”
The physician defined each of the*,,
defects and told nt length how they
were occasioned, so far a* is known.
Then he continued:
•'.Much light has been thrown on the
problem of stuttering hv the study of
tne war neurosis cases. At Base hos
pital, No. j 17, which was a receiving
hospital near the front, prohuhly 50
pei cent of the men had soma sort of
disturbance of flu* speech, or a break
lu the rhythm, or of the type of speech
which Roussy and l.hermitte called
•nlggei hoy’ speech, and which we clas
sify ns oral inactivity.
"We have Tiad opportunity of ilia's
lu* Intensive study of the postwar
neurosis oases suffering from speech
disorders »t the speech clinic of the
United States Public Health Service
hospital. No. 37, organized nt the re
quest of l)r. Lawrence Kolh, director
of the hospital, In January, 1020. Fif
ty-two eases have passed through this
clinic. Statistics were got tiered from
40 of these cases in which intensive
studies have been made.
• Before concluding that most of the
soldier speech cases were caused h>
psycliimeuroilc mechanisms, a complete
study of the physical condition was
uiHde. us well ns psychologic te>ts for
Intelligence and mental Imagery.
“The patients lu Fie clinic, beside
having the benefit of the general staff j ilself, tind" where relief 1
of the hospital, are given Individual j
training by the speech clinic stuff, j
Only a small part of the treatment j
dens with the speech per s<\ but eon- |
earns Itself with general muscle train j
big uinl emotional adjustment.
Many Suffering From Hysteria. ;
"The M'lldlllg of these c:i->—. to III.- j
iKMiropMcbtatrlc h<»-pii:,i wa* justified
bj iIn* clnsi.|fic.itIon ninl dlngmcd- of]
tie couilltlona under which the pa j
thiu- were luborii.c Fifty-iu-veil nod [ clinic at United States hospital,
tUc'iiiilitt wert
from hysteria,
tlictil* 20 per t
let.v neurosis. 2.5 per cent were suffer
ing from marked psychopathic states
and 2.5 per cent had marked hyper-
thyroid conditions. With such a
diagnosis, the futility of sending the-e j
men for treatment in the so-eullei* |
‘stuttering schools’ or by elocutionists |
or phonologists becomes apparent.
“Some writers have maintained that
the neurasthenic nnd other troubles
were caused by the stuttering nnd not i
the cntf.ie of the stuttering. This we j
feel to l,e a fallacy, owing to several j
factors which I will present. Since the i
war stuttering has been studied, the j
fart has been brought put that the ;
same type of temperament was pres- |
cut before the stuttering and the I
hereditary factors are virtually the
same In those Individuals who stut
tered. hut who never experienced war.
and In those who stuttered owing to
strain In service, hut who saw no ac
tive service under fire nt the front,
and in those who stuttered previous
to service, but relapsed under the
strain, and lu those who did not stut
ter previous to experience under shell-
lire and in lighting.
"In the comparison of 40 soldiers
with 200 school children from one to
eighteen years old Interesting facts
are brought to light. A comparison
of the personality showed that 13 per
cent of the children and I) per rent
of the soldiers were classed ns show
ing no marked variation; 52 per cent
of the children showed marked inferi
ority feelings, showing themselves
either In timidity nr in overcomper.-
sntlnns by extreme boldness; 54 per
cent of the soldiers came in this class;
35 per cent of the children nnd 34 per
cent of the soldiers were markedly
moody, either of the temper, sulky, de
pression or of the hypnmaniac (moder
ate mania) types. In addition, 5 per
cent of tlie soldiers were apathetic nnd
dull; none of the children were so
classed. Whether tills Is n true varia
tion or n mistake in classification In
the group of school children would
prohuhly he demonstrated In a study
of a. larger group.
“A study of the variation shown In
flu* symptoms of stuttering Itself Is
Indicative of its functional etiology.
Of the children, 22 were worse at
school than at home; two were worse
in town than in the country, one was
worse on vacation, 13 were given to
complete remission In stuttering, one
stutters only In school, one stutters
while nt Polish, one stutters only In
speaking to his father, one never stut
ters while nt play, one never stutter*
with members of Ids own sex, one gets
worse nt Intervals of three or four
days, one Is worse after nn operation
for adenoids nnd tonsils (undertaken
to cure the stutter), one stuttered for
three weeks only, nnd so on, with such
variations for virtually the entire
group.
Some Lost Their Speech.
"Among the soldiers six began to
stutter with service nt the front (five
of these began with aphonia—loss of
speech); seven were stutterers who
relapsed with service Ht the front;
one who had stuttered severely had
•i complete remission while at *.ne
front, until he got up Into Germany
and became homesick; six who hud
stuttered previously relapsed with
service in this country (such ns a fight,
a runaway horse and a close shave
with an explosion); one relapsed with
the draft and one relapsed with luflu-
enzn. Many of these men have trouble
nt the telephone, although they do not
have any trouble If the receiver Is
closed, hut begin to stutter Immediate
ly when It Is opened. * * *
“Another factor which contributes to
our belief that there Is nn underlying
weakness of the motor system Is the
relatively high percentage of stutterers
who have been changed from left to
right-handedness. Ballard says that
the generally conceded percentage of
left-hnnded people In the population Is
about 3 per ceut. In the 200 school
children we found 12.5 per cent who
were left-handed, 11.3 per cent of
whom were changed for writing; and
among the soldier* 17.5 per cent, all
of whom were changed for writing.
“There Is nlso the problem of heredi
tary tendency. There seems to he a
marked disposition In the families of
these Individuals toward defects of
speech—not only of stuttering, but slso
the other defects. In the families of
72.5 per cent of these eases there were
defects of speech. In 52 per cent of
the families there was stuttering, and
in 22 per cent there were both stut
tering ami otjher defects. That this
is not primarily a problem of Imita
tion <>r faulty learning Is shown by the
tact that many of those patients had
never seen the person so affected; for
example, the grandparent stuttered,
hut (lied before the child was bom,
etc. • • •
“There Is very little relationship be
tween poor health nnd the severity of
stuttering, hut an exact and surpris
ing correlation between social adapta
tion and the severity of the symptom.
"The treatment nnd re-education of
stutterers Is In u chaotic condition
generally, the work where It Includes
drill on particular letter position be-
'tig actually pernicious, and accom
plishing results only where the per
sonality of the worker Instills cour-
| age or sustains the patient. Treat
ment Is usually alined at the syinptottt
given to
that the underlying temperamental
disability Is left untouched.
“That results can he hud with these
patients when the treatment is di
rected toward general muscle training,
pin* the adjustment of the Imlhldiuil
to Ids environment, we feel to he
shown by the work of Miss Pauline
Camp Ut Grand ltaplds, Midi., who
was able to dismiss 43 per cent of her
cases as arrested, ami of my own
No.
fi VETERANS
it il iiVt'Kli 1l*. - -
! Vv- keep in stock at ait time,
a complete line of high grad'
typewriter ribbons for all
make machines.
1 The Milledeeville News
To Stop a Cough Quick ^
take HAYES’ HEALING HONEY. &
cough medicine which stops the cough tty
healing the inflamed and irritated tissues.
A box of GROVE'S O-PEN-TRATE
BULK OF WORK BY CHAPTERS SALVE for Chest Colds, Head Colds and
Croup is enclosed with evjry bottle of
HAYES' HEALING HONEY. The salve
9 TQ7 nf flro Holninn Pv. should be rubbed on the chest and throat
4,07/ 01 lIl^Dw Are neiping tx of children suffering frem a Cold or Croup.
Service Men Obtain Bene
fits U. S. Provides.
Red Cross Provides Friendly
Service of Many Kinds to
Army of Disabled.
I The hoofing effect of Hayes' Healing Honey in-
side the throat combined with the healing effect of
; Grove s O-Pen-Trnte Solve through tho pores of
j the jkin soon stops a cough.
! Both remedies are parked in one carton nnd tha
1 cost of t he combined treatment is 35c. ^
found
5 per
•111 Wl*
o !•<■ suffering
cent aeurus-
lit-*, *>f j :x-
".7. licit 1 IK) per cent were arrested,
17 per cent greatly Improved, and 25
per cent still under treatment."
One field nf Red Cross service alone,
thnt of assisting disabled veterans of
the World Vv’ur, entails expenditures
$4,000,000 greater than the aggregate
receipts of the Annual Roll Call of
1020, the American Red Cross an
nounces In a statement urging a wide
spread increase In membership at the
Annuul Roll Call, November 11 to 24.
At tlie present time National Head
quarters and tlie nation-wide chain of
Chapters of the Red Cross Is spend
ing approximately $10,000,000 annual
ly for the relief of disabled ex-service
men and their families, while the ag
gregate receipts from last year's Roll
Call were approximately $0,(MX),000.
It Is In the 2,2S9 of the 3,600 Red
Cross Chapters which still are helping
solve the veteran’s problem of adjust
ing himself to a normal civilian status
thnt the greater part of the cost of this
service Is borne. Of the total sum
spent for veterans’ relief last yeur,
National Headquarters expended a to
tal of more than $2,600,000, while the
remaining disbursement of approxi
mately $7,000,000 represents the con
tribution of Chapters In this country
wide effort to assist the Government
In providing the uld sorely needed by
these men and their families.
An Ever Expanding Problem
That the problem of the disabled
service man Is ever-expanding and
probably will not rench the penk be
fore 1025, Is the assertion of well-in
formed Government officials and that
2,307 Red Cross Chapters regard it
us their mbst Imporlaiit work Is evi
dence Hint tlie expansion is In nowise
confined to a particular section hut Is,
ou the contrary, nutlon-xvide. At the
eml of the fiscal year, June 50, 1021,
there were 26,300 disabled service men
In the \,002 United states l’ublic
Health Service, Contract uqd Govern
ment Hospitals nnd Soldiers Homes,
ar.d that number Is Increasing at a
rate of 1,000 a month.
Thousands of these men receiving
medical treatment, compensation and
vocational training from the Govern
ment today, started their effort* to
obtain them through the Red Cross
Chapter. The Chapter, acting ns the
disabled man's agent in claims against
the Government, informs the man as to
the procedure necessary to gain for
him that which Is provided him by
Federal statute. Ills applications for
compensation, medical treatment and
training are properly filed with the aid
of the Red Cross Chapter.
Many Forms of Assistance
If there is delay before the man’s
claim Is acted upon, the Ited Cross
Chapter lends Hie man money to meet
the Imperative needs of himself and
his dependents,
Most vital to the man’s gaining full
benefit from the Government's care is
keeping hi* mind free from worry about
his home. Keeping the veteran’s fnm-
ll.v front hardship of every kind and
Informing hint of Its welfare Is an
other province of the Chapter. Free
from fear on this score, the man's re
covery ami advancement usually Is
rapid.
Every month during the last year,
the American Red Cross has given
service of one kind or another to an
average of 120,215 former service men
and their families. An Indication of
the exfent of the faltli ropused in the
Red Cross Chapter I* to he found In
the fait that there were 356,544 re
quests for friendly aid In the solution
of personal problems.
448 Worker* in Hospitals
While l lie uian prior to euterlng
Government cate deals largely with the
Chapter, nfterxxlird lie comes into con
tact with the service provided by Na
tional Headquarters. There are 448
Red Cross workers in the United
Slates Public Health Service mid con
tract hospitals aiul other Institutions
In which those men nre being cared
for, whose duty Is to provide for his
recreation, help him with his compen
sation claims, keep him In touch with
his family; In short, meeting his every
need outside of that provided by the
Government. While these ure a few
of the responsibilities of the National
Organization, they are by no means
ell. Among other Red Cross accom
plishment* for the year are:
It handled 70,732 allotment and al
lowance claims.
It delivered through Its Chapter or
ganization 63,655 allotment checks to
veteran* who had moved from the ad
dresses furnished to the Bureau of
War Risk Insurance.
It provided a apodal fund of $10,000
for medical assistance to men under
vocational training.
It made 32,483 loans totaling $450,000
to men taking vocational training, of
which 95 per cent lias beep repaid.
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HEALING HONEY.
THIS WOMAN’S
MKXEDGEVILLR, OE0R0i A
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COLLECTING SUBSCRIPTION uovitn
OS«T A« BOOM AS TUtN STL*? * 1
•IVHNO AIM AN PAPER'kj | MVC
PEP. HUTVaWV
'WJ. BRAKfc
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oonstantly Lu» given me an expert
knowledge at Its needs. This knowl
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vCjUR EVE8 NEED ATTENTION.
If you have headaches or any other
■lgu of eyo trouble vou prouably need
viusses Only u -Milieu examination
rio'-rmUia Just what kind yo
-tight to xvoiir. For your eyen’ sak
•:av« me test them properly. As miinj
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Brings a Ray of Hope to
Childless Women
Lowell, Mass.—“I had anemia from
the time I was sixteen years old and
was very irregular.
If I did any house
cleaning or washing
I would faint and
have to be put to
bed, my husband
thinking every min
ute was my last.
After reading your
text-book for women
I took Lydia E.
Pinkham's Vegeta
ble Compound and
used the Sanative
Wash, and have never felt better than
I have the last two years. I can work,
eat, sleep, and feel as strong as can be.
Doctors told me 1 could never have
children—1 was too weak— but after
taking Vegetable Comjkound it strength
ened me so 1 gave birth to an eight
pound boy. I was well all the time, did
all my work up to the last day, and had
a natural birth. Everybody who knew
me was surprised, and when they ask me
what made me strong I tell them with
great pleasure, ‘ I took Lydia E. Pink-
ham’s Vegetable Compound and never
felt better in my life. ’ Use this testi
monial at anytime.”—Mrs. Elizabeth
Smakt, 142 W. Sixth St., Lowell, Mass
This experience of Mrs. Smart is surely
a strong recommendation for Lydia E.
Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound. It is
only one of a great many similar cases.
To Cure a Cold In One Day
Take LAXATIVE BROMO QUININE (Tablet*.) It
8 ops the Cough and Headache and works off the
jld. E. W. GROVE’S signature on each box. 30c
FOR SALE—Pine stove
to burn, cut and split.
M C. HARRINGTON
wood—Reedy
I'iionc 110.”
ADVERTISE IN THE NEWS
Storage Room
I have considerable storage room for storing auloiv.o'
biles, Furniture and heavy surplus merchandise
Dray Service
/ Call me when you want SERVICE
I am equipped to make long and short hauls, any
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J. C. IVEY
Res. Phone 228-L
Office Phone 441
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3
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A Music Cabinet
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Cabinet has ample space for records and albums Height, 44 inches. Width, 17
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Commencing next Saturday with each cash purchase amounting to $2.00 we will
give one Key. We have several hundred keys in a Canvas hag—one key in this
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