Newspaper Page Text
TUESDAYY. FEBRUARY 26, 1907.
THE TWICE-A-WEEK TELEGRAPH
FINLEY HONOR GUEST
AT RECENT BANQUET
Twentieth Century.
i "I am convinced that th
! uable and the most patriotic service a
j ernment. are the ultimate source of all
most vai- I power, but a.so a full understanding
man can, in the pi
„nd cordial and efficient co-operation
between our governments. both State
-r his
iunt
to assist in es-
nd more friend!:- -
n the people and
nsporta
Mr
Sout!
the T to
the po?
riuld nbt
the railroads. The t
!- m which, in the interest of our con-
tontment as a people and of our civ-
! ilization, must be successfully worked
of the pro- l out is the greatest business and gov-
iniurious to j emmental problem of modern times.
' “ „ __ j “It cannot be salved in passion, or in
Mrit
•ps and pro-
ooga. The
ig up to t!i»
»r si
eech
everytr
•,n the part of
r.a of the im-
relations ii*-
he railways
Mr. Finley,
• and broad- I
the school of J
id experienced | !«■«■ **
lindful of th
h : r, I
.•ith
era. and business men
the present time
tation facilities,
prompt and regular
freight and passenger:
dollars are needed to pi
al tracks, new equlpn
betterments and impro 1
way wages and the p
Uting the more
r movement of
Millions of
rovide additlon-
nent and other
vements. Rnil-
ces of practical-
illtfug must buy
their highest level, with the
tendency still upward, and yet meas
ures are pending In some, of the Legis-
at would seriously impair
rnings. The money that Is
3 for betterments and extensions
e obtained only from net Income
of new capital
dictiveness. or in any
most j misunderstanding of the conditions
ctur- that surround it. Its successful solu-
is at j lion calls for not only moderation.
_ wisdom and justice on the part of the
’ * people, who, under our system of gov-
eraergency. ; and national, and the management of
the railroads.
I realize that principles not here
tofore fully recognized, if recognized
n prob- j at all. must hereafter control in the
relationship of the carriers and the
public: but these principles must be
principles of construction, not de
struction. and must be evolved in full
recognition of the high and just pur
poses of both sides and of frank and
cordial co-operation between the gov
ernmental authorities and the railroad
managements. The time of distrust.
dollars, or 28 per cent of the 1,773 mil
lion dollars' worth of domestic products
exported in the year. In addition to
this the value of cotton manufactures
sent to Porto Rico. Hawaii, and Alaska,
and not included in the figures of ex
ports to foreign countries, was over 4%
million dollars.
Europe sent the bulk of this 490 mil
lion dollars received as the purchase
price of the year's exportation of cot
ton and Its products. Of the 413 mil
lion dollars’ worth of raw cotton ex
ported, 173 million dollars' worth went
to the United Kingdom 109 million to
Germany. 45 millions to France. 31%
millions to Italy, nearly 7 millions to
Belgium, over 5 millions direct to Rus-
misunderstanding and hostility has sJa and ’j mi ilion to the Netherlands;
passed. The time for cordial and con
structive co-operation has arrived."
! ne
Fpr-n i
Repl
I r-
ini'
to this tea■st.
AYiri tun— i can t
'.rbMc a^d "ih^nrivate in- op from the P p « cceds of new capital
Ted to his care—we hail securities. Net income, even if it had
II mrpr of not been impaired already by the in-
fidenee that creased e*P pnses of operation and
of Samuel maintenance, would be utterly inade
quate -to supply all the funds impera-
Mr Flnlev lively required, and the sale or new
J I capital securities must be resorted to.
teful acknowledg- How are they to be sold if the credit of
our cordial gectln". the railroads through legislative ten-
expression of your i deneles or otherwise is Impaired?
k of transportation "The only product that a railroad
dth which my life I has for sale Is transporraTton, and It
Icome It as an In- I is one °t the few products the price of
onv of relationship which Is not fixed by the law of supplv
arriers of the coun- I and demnnd. If a manufacturer should
CLEVELAND WAS ORATOR
AT UNION LEAGUE CLUB
•Rutin
the public whom
and*ilTelr relation^'t^the I mous increase in his cost of produc
find himself confronted by an enor
public have never been so universally
discussed ns during the past two years. I
If this discussion leads to a better un- |
der tending of existing conditions and
of the Interdependence of the railroads
nnd the people. It will be productive of
’ much good. The phenomennal pros
perity of th-- country has taxed Its
transportation facilities to the utmost
and has-brought railway managers
face to face with problems of unpre
cedented magnitude, to the solution of
which they are devoting all their en-
ergi>-.« There are those who believe
fatlpat thw problems can be solved by
legislation, and some of th
put forward : ice, ■ I lie- id.a that t (!••".•
authrj-s credit railway managers with
superhuman powers and with ability
to go on increasing wages, buying cars
and locomotives, bridging rivers, tun
neling mountains, laying double tracks
and building new lines even though
railway earnings he cut down to the
vanishing point. But railway managers
are only human. They have no magic
carpets on which freight and passen
gers can he transported with the speed
of thought; nor can they create rail
roads nnd equipment by simply rub
bing an Aladdin's lamp. Time, money
nnd bard work are needed to put the
railway systems of file United States
In condition to handle the ever-in
creasing volume of traffic, and when
the American people understand what
is being done and what the difficulties
me, they will not expect the impos
sible When the situation is thor
oughly understood, intelligent self-in
terest will lead communities fo advo
cate fair treatment for railways, for
they will realize that thoroughly ef-
fi> tent transportation service can only
be afforded by a prosperous railway,
mid that if the road is crippled their
own prosperity will surely decline.”
Mr. Finley reviewed the growth of
Chattanooga, pointing out the impor
tant part played by transportation fa
cilities In the development of the city
and directing attention to the advan
tages that will result from improve
ments now being made bv the South
ern Railway Company. " Continuing,
he said:
“In their efforts to improve the
transportation facilities of the South,
tlie railways are encountering great
difficulties. Chief among these are
the scarcity of labor, the high prices
of materials nnd the overcrowded eon-
ditlon of the manufacturing establish
ments on which they must rely for
locomotives, cars and steel rails. As a
result of these difficulties, all work Is
more or less delayed."
Mr. Finley referred to the Import-
mi. e of the Improvement of the water
ways of the South and said:
"Whatever may be tlie attitude of
others, I can not too strongly em
phasize the fact that I am a most
advocate of the improvement
inland waterways of thh South
as the harbors of the South
’ and Gulf coasts.
| wfipst public policy lies in—the
encouragement nnd development of
tn( importation facilities, both rail and
water, and any policy which has. the
effect of impairing the effectiveness of
transportation facilities, either rail or
wmcr. is m:i unsound mid
ti■ 11 v t necessarily interfere with the
commercial progress of the country.
During th,. nvt'mion which preced
ed the enactment of the Hepburn
lilrond rate law there was a great
leal said about freight rates but in
'the debates in Congress and in the
‘long hearings before tin* committees
Of the two houses, where complaints
were Invited, only a very few- specific
rates were alleged to lie unreasonably
high. It is a fact, as you all know,
that freight rates in the United States
are the lowest in the world. Tliev
have been sa'd to be at once the won’- j
der and the despair of European rail
way managers." Even tlie few rates
that are from time to time complain
ed of as meing unreason ible bv com
parison with oth >r rates in the United
States are wonderfully low when com
pared with tiie rates on similar com
modities in other countries. When
compare,! with the values of the arti
cles transported. American rates are
almost Inappreciable. A reduction of
their averng
a cent per t
considerable in comparison with tli-
value of any commodity shipped, that
i: would not materially benefit either
the shipper or consumer, while it
would be disastrous to the railroad
which can only pay its operating ex
penses. taxes and fixed charges and
til.
"Th,
tion, and if, at the same time, there
should exist a demand for his products
In excess of the utmost capacity of his
plant, he would probably put up his
selling price to the highest point thnt
would not seriously cheek the demand
and no one would suggest that he had
done anything wrong. But the rail
roads in Just uch a situation are con
fronted with legislation reducing their
income. It Is needless to point out
that this policy, if carried too far. can
have but one result—the actual dete
rioration of railway facilities at i
time when they should be rapidly ex
schemes | Pending nnd Improving.
‘ , “One of the projects put forward
would, in the most direct way. serious
ly - injure many cities of the South. A
recent publication embodies the sug
gestion that the development of trad
centers, and the alleged consequent
congestion of traffic, be checked by a
readjustment of railway rates. Par
ticular reference Is made to the growth
of such centers in the South and op
position Is expressed, on both commer
rial and social grounds, to the concen
tration'in them of business and popu
lation. This suggestion, if acted orl,
would Arrest the growth of these
cities and divide their business among
a large number of smaller towns nnd
villages.
"As a matter of fact a trade center
is not made artifieallv or arbitrarily.
Its development depends upon natural
forces and advantages, including gpo
graphical location and the Initiative
and enterprise of its inhabitants. Many
of the cities in the Southern States
were trade centers before the days of
railroads. The railroads simply ac
cepted the situation as they found It
nnd adjusted their business to existing
and controlling trade conditions. Sub
sequent development, has been brought
about by the operation, under modern
transportation conditions, of the same
laws of trade that controlled the early
growth of these cities.
"The natural trade centers of the
South are here, and I think ft can be
demonstrated that it is to the interest
of the South that they should remain,
and that to. attempt to arrest their
growth would be disastrous, not only
to the cities directly affected, but to
tlie entire Sduth. Any arbitrary sys
tem of rate making by which it is at
tempted to stop the growth of trade
centers must necessarily be based on
approximately uniform mileage rates;
and mileage rates, in additfon to giv
ing producers near great consuming
markets and near the seaports Inval-
culabie advantages over those in the
interior, would also tend to push back
the centers of distribution toward the
sea const and lake cities and toward a
few great manufacturing points. An.
object lesson of the effect of this sys
tem is furnished by the Australasian
Colonies of Great Britain, where mile
age rates have built up a single great
seaboard city in each colony with no
important distributing points in the
Interior.
“It should be borne in mind that a
natural trade center, with thriving job
bing houses and prosperous manufac
turing industries, is a benefit, not only
to its immediate citizens, but to all the
surrounding country. It furnshos a
home market for the -fruits, vegeta
bles and dairy products, and for a good
proportion of the staple farm crops of
the neighborhood, and, by increasing
the general level of prosperity in the
entire community, benefits even the
country store keeper in a neighboring
town, who would gain nothing by the
decay of the larger place, but would
have to buy his stock in a more dis
tant market.
“On the whole. I believe you will
agree with me that any adjustment
operating to injure natural trade cen
ters would not be beneficial to the
South, and would be disastrous to
many Southern cities.
"For my part. I am firmly of the
opinion that many of the relations be
tween the transportation lines and the
people served by them, which it is
proposed to regulate by statute law,
can best be left to be adjutsted in ac
cordance with the natural laws of
trade. I believe this Is true because I
know that the interests of a railway
and of the people served by it are in-
e.irn re
ana
rans-
iub-
1 separably bound up together. The road
' 2jf tl f c !. n ~ I cannot prosper unless the people upon
| whom it must depend for business are
j prosperous, and for a road to under-
j take to exploit a community, or a sec-
I tion of the country, with a view to its
l own immediate advantage, is simply
an invitation to ultimate disaster. If
| a road is to enjoy the highest degree
of prosperity it must co-operate in
every way possible with the people
j along its lines for the development of
their business, for it Is only through
such increase in general prosperity
that the demand for transportation can
be increase a.
"The steady development of the re
sources of ;ho South, in the period
since the organiz.iti m of the Southern
Railway Company, has formed one of
the most remarkable chapters in the
• commercial and industrial history of
r the United States, and the men con-
e I neeied with the Southern Railway may
r | be pardoned for feeling proud of the
° j part played by :hn: system In making
1 I this development possible. We be
lieve that the Southern States are
only on the threshold of a splendid fu
ture. and that what has already been
accomplished is hut a promise of
what is yet to ‘ome. We believe that
if Southern communities and South
ern transportation lines are to reach
selling transportat
t is that the cos:
s an exceedingly s:
cost of supplies to
truth of
cd that
Mr.
Mio I
Th
ulti-
holders
"The
ports tion is an exc
tor in the cost of s
He."
As illustrating th
Finley gave examp
which freight rates
of important article
figures lie ga\o sh
the entire freight charges on
articles should be wiped out. th
mate consumer would receive little o
no benefit, and that a reduction larg
enough to be of nnv benefit whatever
to the jobber would be disastrous to
the carrier. He pointed out that freight
Charges on articles produced and man
ufactured in the South add very little
to the cost of production and are so
low as to enable these commodities to
compete successfully with the pro
ducts of other localities in widely sep
arated markets, not only in the United
States, but in foreign countries. He
CHICAGO, Feb. 22.—Ex-President Gro
ver Cleveland was the orator of the day
at the Celebration of the anniversary of
the birth of George Washington, which
is annually held by the Union League
Club of this city. Mr. Cleveland address^
an audience that completely filled the
great auditorium and his oration was
greeted with every manifestation of ap
proval. He dwelt less upon the history
and achievements of Washington, than
upon the soundness of Washington's po
litical faith and the accuracy of Wash
ington's economic wisdom. The prosper
ity and glory of the country will be. ac
cording to the speaker, unbounded and
imperishable if the precepts of Washing
ton are actively recalled, and, in general,
closely followed.
Tho Republic still has. he said, imper
ative need of Washington and his exam-
pe and teachings are as important to
the present generation as his labors and
guidance were necessary in his own time.
Mr. Cleveland said:
The American people are * but little
given to the observance of public holi
days. This statement cannot be disposed
is important—and more important now
than ever before—that they should clear
ly apprehend and adequately value the
virtues and ideals of which he was the
embodiment, and shouid realize how es
sential to our safely and perpetuity, are
the consecration and patriotism which he
exemplified. The American people need
today the example and teachings of
Washington no less than those who fash
ioned our nation needed liis labors and
guidance.
. Three months before his inauguration
as first President of the Republic which
he had done so much to create, Washing
ton wrote a letter to Lafayette, his warm
friend and revolutionary ally, in which
he expressed his unremitting desire to
establish a general system of policy
which, if pursued, would “secure perma
nent felicitv to the Commonwealth;" and
he added these words:
“I think I see a path as clear and as
direct as a ray of light, which leads to
the attainment of that object. Nothing
but harmony, honesty, industry and fru
gality are necessary to make us a great
HOW DISHONEST DEALERS
FLEECE NEW YORK'S POOR
NEW
reiwrt of
Measures of the city
which has just been made public, offe
an interesting commentary on common
honesty as practiced by metropolitan
dealers in household supplies. T ~ “
while to Japan the exports for the year
were valued at oyer 11 million dollars,
and to Canada 7 1-3 millions. Even
this large figure of 173 million dollars’
worth of cotton sent to the United
Kingdom falls slightly below that of
1905. when the total value of raw cot
ton exported to that country amounted
to 177 million dollars; but the in
creased movements to Germany more
than offset the reduction in those to
the United Kingdom, the exports of
cotton to Germany in 1906 being 19
million dollars in excess of those of
1905. and 15 millions in excess of those
of 1904. The actual quantity of cotton
from the United States reaching Rus
sia during the year was doubtless much
greater than that indicated by the fig- — -
ures of direct exports to that country, 497 times out of every 1,257. From tne
since much of the cotton from the i Battery to Harlem 816 shopkeepers
YORK Feb °3 The annuaf J appetite whetted for further adventure,
*25BuSS. Of WUstlts and Capt. Boynton Ml
hurried to Cuba to take part in ihe
revolution of 1S6S as a blockade run-
aeaiers in nousenom supplies. In ail j ner. thtfkdand
43,795 inspections were made during gratitude of s s. _ -
the year, with the result that 1.S33 vio- | » join, in the "il
lations of law were discovered among 1 afterwards ran_the^blockade "
grocers, butchers. Icemen, coal dealers j terest of f that emprise with
and others. The total number of i tender, followed that en p -
scales, weights and measures inspected |
was 329,929. The violations included j
453 grocers. 753 butchers. 179 ice deal- !
ers, 78 coal dealers and 34 junk deal
ers. Liquor dealers and druggists may i
be more honest than others, or it may j
be only because they give so little for
the money that there is no room for
cheating, but only eight out of 609 sa
loon keepers were accused of viola
tions, and one druggist out of 1.795.
Down on the lower East Side, where
purchasers can .ill afford to lose even
a fraction of an ounce on any pur
chase. the dealers are reported to cheat
United States which enters Russia is
sold originally to the markets of the
United Kingdom and thence resold and
transshipped to Russia.
Japan and Canada were the only
were found to have 1,257 fraudulent in
struments. The coal dealers who give
short weight cut out from 50 to 300
pounds from the ton. The average
shortage was found to be 109 pounds.
countries outside of Europe taking any Among the small dealers who sell coal
considerable quantity of cotton from in bags supposed to weigh »0 pounds,
the United States in 1906. the value of , it is a common offense to call as little
as 40 pounds a full bag. One peddler
selling 25 pounds’ short on every hun
dred, said that coal was so dear that
his customers would not pay 40 cents
a hundred, so he cut the price 12% per
cent and the weight 25 per cent. Sev
enty-five pounds of butter are usually
cotton sent to Japan in that year be
ing as above indicated, over li million
dollars, and to to Canada 7 1-3 mil
lions. The figures show a slight reduc
tion in the value of cotton sent to Ja
pan in 1906 when compared with 1905,
while to Canada the exports of the
few campaigns against the Turks in
the Balkans, and then returned to
South America nnd the West Indies,
where they serve revolutions piping
hot at a moment’s notice. It was the
devious and unfamiliar ways of busi
ness which finally laid the doughty
captain by the hee'.s in Blackwell's Is
land prison, to which he was com
mitted three months ago for trying to
pull off in New York, apparently with
the best intention in the world, the
usual schame for financing a South
American revolution, which consists in
turning a small amount of silver bul
lion into coin of the country to be rev
olutionized, purchasing therewith a
much larger quantity of bullion, and
continuing tho process indefinitely.
of by the allegation that our national posture of affairs and the prevailing dis-
history is too brief to allow the aceumu- | position of my countrymen, promise to
New York’s Chinatown,
The heart of New York’s China
town was officially wiped out at a re
cent meeting of the Board of Estimate,
when a new park to occupy the acre
and a half block bounded by the Bow
ery, Doyers. Pell and Mott streets
was authorized. Most of the proper
ty is owned by Chinese firms and in
dividuals and includes the Chinese
theater, in which several Chinese
were recently shot to death in a high
binder war, the Chinese Joss House,
lation of days deserving civic commem
oration. Though it is true that our life
as a people, according to the standard
measuring the existence of nations, has
been a short one. it has filled with glori
ous achievements; and though it must
be conceded that it is not given to us to
see In the magnifying mirage of antiqui
ty. the exaggerated forms o' American
and happy people. Happily, the present year were slightly in excess in value i sold from a 60-pound firkin, and the. ^ ^ , , *
“ "" " of those of the former year. In quan- : buyer often gets an additional shortage i arid all the other Oriental features
titv. however, the records of 190C fall | of an ounce in the weight of the .which have made the locality the most
co-operate in establishing these four great
and essential pillars of public felicity."
Such considerations as these suggest
the thought that this is a time for honest
self-examination. The question pressed
upon us with a demand for reply that will
not be denied: “Who among us all. if
our hearts are purged Of misleading im
pulses and our minds freed from - , er-
below those of 1905. The total number i wooden dish in which it is sold. An
of pounds of raw cotton exported In ingenious trick of fruit peddlers is to
1906 was 3.850.229.030. while in 1905 ! use a small scale of the counter balance
the toltal was 4,137.154 935. the in- 'type set at such an angle that it is an
creased value inxi’906 being due to j impossibility to get a balance.
heroes, yet in the bright and normal light I verting pride, can be sure that today the
shed upon our beginning and growth, are posture of affairs and the prevailing dis-
seen grand and heroic men who have won - position of our ’countrvmen co-onerate
imperishable honor and our everlasting j n the establishment and promotion of
remembrance. We cannot, therefore, ex- ( harmony, honesty industry and frugal-
cuse a lack of commemorative inclination ity?"
and a languid interest in recalling the The self-examination Invited bv this
notable incidents of our country- —I fn’ - - • -
higher export prices, which more than
offset the reduction in quantity, the
3 850 million pounds exported in 1906
being 21 million dollars more in value
than that of the 4,137 million pounds
evnorted in 1905. Of the 413 million
dollars’ worth of raw cotton sent out
of the country during 1906, 393 millions
------ P ast ( day’s commemoration will he incomplete -went to Eurene.
wider the plea of a lack of coranirpima- . and superficial, if we are not thereby Of the cotton manufactures exported
live material; no r can we In this way ex- 1 forced to the confession that there are tho hulk wept of course to rnnntries
nlam our neglect adequately to observe sjgns of the times which indicate a weak- ot her than Europe which as a menu
days which have actually been set apart ness and relaxation of our hoid unon , . Tn!, n r.urope. wnien as a manu-
for the especial manifestation ofour lm - these saving virtues. When thus fw-o- faeturer of cotton goods buys littlo of a military nigm. punurinaiice or u
ing appreciation of the lives and the deeds warned it is the height of recreancy for Product of our cotton mills. The popular plav a few days ago. Martin
Only Custer Survivor.
John Martin, the sturdy ticket chop
per at the One Hundred and Third
street Subway station, is the sole sur
vivor of the Custer massacre of June
25, 1876, when the attack was’ made
upon Sitting Bull and his horde of red
skins at Little Big Horn. By virtue of
this distinction, Martin was the gue=t
of honor when his old regiment, the
Seventh Cavalry, and other military
organizations in full uniform attended
"military night” performance of
of Americans, who in crisis of our birth ; us obstinately to close our eyes to the value of cotton cloths exported during
and development has sublimely wrought j needs of the situation, and refuse ad Js- the vear was 32% million dollars of
and nobly endured. j sion to the thought that evil can overt- ke which a 1
If »!•» ,n„u„ea to lootr for oilier I us. If wo are to deserve security, we will ‘
carefully and dutifully tsfte our bearings
and discover. If we can. how far wind
and tide have carried us away from safe
waters.
If wo find that the wiekedn"ss of de
structive agitators and the selfish d»nrnv-
ity of demagogues have stirred up discon
tent and strife where there should be , _ , , . . .. - , , W— ......
peace and harmony and have arrayed • Central America, nnd more than three- ! a.nd Custer and his handful of men
If we are Inclined to look for other
excuses, one may occur to us which,
though by no means satisfying, may ap
pear to gain a somewhat fanciful plaus
ibility by reason of its reference to the
law of heredity. It rests upon the theory
that those who secured fo- American na
tionality its first foothold, and watched-
over Its weak in'ancy, were so enures'd
with the persistent and unescapahle la
bors that pressed upon them, and their
hopes and aspirations led them so con
stantly to thoughts of the future that
retrospection nearly became with them an
extinct faculty, and that thus it may
have happened that exclusive absorption
in things pertaining to the present an- q
future, became so embedded in their
natures ns to constitute a trait of char
acter descendible to their posterity even
to the present generation.
There is another reason which might
be advanced in the mitigation of our lack
of commemorative enthusiasm which is
so related to ot# pride of Americanism,
that if we could he certain of its suffi
ciency we would gladly accept it as con
clusive. It has to do with the underly
ing minlities and motives of our free
institutions. Those Institutions had their
birth and nurture in unselfish patriotism
and untie served consecration: and by a
degree of Fate beyond recall or change
their perpetuity and beneficence are con
ditioned on the constant devotion and
ingle-hearted loyalty of those to whom
their blessing are vouchsafed. .
But. after all. why should we attempt
to delude ourselves? I am eontident that
voice your convictions when I say
that no piay of ingenuity and no amount
of special Pleading can frame an abso
lutely credi-nblo excuse for our remiss
ness’in appropriate holiday observance.
The commemoration of the day on
which American independence was bam.
has been allowed to lose much of its sig
nificance ns a reminder of providential
favor and the inflexible patriotism of the
fathers o’f the rep’ublic. and has nearly
degenerated to a revel of senseless noise
nnd dangerous explosion. leaving in its
train far more of mishap and accident,
than lessons of good •citizenship or pride
of country. The observance of Thanks
giving Day is kept alive through its an
nual designation by Federal and State
authority. But it is worth our while
to inquire whether its original meaning,
as a day of united praise and gratitude
to God for the blessings bestowed upon
us as a people and as individuals, is not
smothered in feasting and social indul
gence: Wo in common with Christian
nations everywhere, celebrate Christmas—
but how much less as a day of commem
orating the birth of the Redeemer of
Mankind, than as a day of hilarity and
the interchange of gifts.
I will not. without decided protest, be
little over ono-haif million dol
lars’ worth went to Knrope: 16% mil
lions to China: 5 millions to other
■ countries of Asia, including Japan. In-
| dia Hongkong, nnd the Philippine Is
lands: while about 3 million dollars’
was bugler of the Seventh Cavalry and
rode beside Custer when the attack
was made. After the charge had been
sounded Custer, seeing that his force
was greatly outnumbered, dispatched
him with a message to Maj. Reno, who
was stationed a few miles away, or
dering his forces to be brought up at
| worth went to the AYest India Islands i once. To this circumstance Martin
[ exclusive of Porto Rico; 1% millions to I owes his life: but Reno lost his way
wjvu win Harmony anil nave arraye-l .-to. imm iiree-.apq Custer ana his nnnflfi
.against each other interests which should • quarters of a million dollars’ worth to j had been destroyed before
dwell together in hearty co-operation; if
we find that the old standards of sturdy,
uncompromising American honesty have
become so corroded nnd weakened by a
sordid atmosphere that our people are
hardly startled by crimes in high places
and shameful betrayals of trust every
where; jf tyo nnd a sadly prevalent dis
position among us to turn from the high
way of honorable industry into shorter
cross roads leading to Irresponsible and
worthless ease: if we find that wide
spread wastefulness and extravagance
have discredited the wholesome frugality
which was once the pride of American
ism. we should recall Washington’s ad
monition that harmony, industry and fru
gality are “essential pillars of public fe
licity.” and forthwith endeavor to change
our course.
It is our habit tq affiliate with political
parties. Happily, the strength and solid
ity or our institutions can safely with
stand^ the utmost ..freedom and activity
of political discussion so far as it involves
the adoption of goa’ernmcntal policies or
the enforcement of good administration.
But they cannot withstand the frenzy of
hate which seeks under the guise of po
litical earnestness to blot out American
brotherhood and to , cunningly persuade
our people that a. crusade of envy ntul
malice is no more- than a zealous insist
ence upon their manhood rights.
Political parties are exceedingly human:
and they easier fall before temptation
than individuals, by so much as partisan
success is the law of their life and be
cause their resnonsihility is impersonal.
It is easily recalled, that political organ
izations have been quite willing to util
ize gusts of popular prejudice ana resent
ment; and I believe they have been
known as a matter of shrewd manage
ment to encourage voters to hope for
some measure of , relief from economic
abuses, and yet to “stand pat” on the day
appointed for realization.
We have fallen upon a time when it
behooves every thoughtful citizen whose
political beliefs are based on reason and
who cares enough for hi3 manliness nnd
duty to save them from barter, to realize
that the organization of the party of his
choice needs watching, and that at times
it is not amiss critically to observe its
direction and tendency. This certainly
ought to result In our country’s gain;
and it is only partisan impudence that
Canada. Of miscellaneous manufnc
tures of cotton the total value of the
exports was 10% million dollars of
which over 2 million dollars’ worth
went to the United Kingdom, over 1
million to Germany, 2?i millions to
Canada, and about a half million dol
lar* each to Mexico. Cuba and the
Philipnine Islands.
Of the class of cotton products con
sidered a few years ago as mere bv-
products, such as cotton-seed oil, cot
ton-seed cake and meal. etc., a large
proportion of the exports goes also to
Europe. Of the 14 million dollars’
worth of cotton-seed oil exported in
1906. 4% millions went to the Nether
lands. 2% millions to France. 1 million
to the United Kingdom, one-half mil
lion dollars’ worth to Austria-Hun
assistance
could reach them. Now Martin, com
fortably ensconced in a little cage of
wool and glass with the Interborough
officials, with unusual thoughtfulness,
have erected to protect him from the
wintry drafts which sweep through the
opening to the street, chops tickets and
smiles cheerfully upon the crowds of
passengers who rush past him morning
and evening. On the 25th of every June
Martin visits "West Point, where Custer
lies buried and the famous bugle
which sang Boots and Saddles so
cheerily over many a forgotten camp
ground of the Seventh Cavalry sounds
taps above the grave of “Chief Yellow
Hair.”
Lawyers in New York.
Eighteen thousand lawyers are now
living more or less luxuriously off the
S and'ahT.'f'mfinon don„^ rth tZ ! o£ taiMaiate ufl the
‘| dollars worth hv-products of crime in the metropolis.
*?f° u " tr i: s ° f E .V.™ pe: • Ninety-two more, candidates from the
three-quarters .of a million dollars
worth went to Mexico, and a half mil
lion dollars’ worth to the West India
Islands. Of the 14 million dollars’
worth of cotton-seed, oil. cake and oil
cake meal exported during that year,
practically all went to Europe, where
it is used in part as food for live stock
and in part for fertilizers.
accused of antagonizing or deprecating J condemns a member of a political partv.
ligbt-hcarted mirth and jollity. On the ■ who on proper occasion submits its con-
contrarv. I am an earnest advocate of i duct and the loyalty to principle of its
every kind of sane, decent social enjoy- leaders, to a court of review over which
mont. and all sorts of recreation. But.
nevertheless. I feel that the allowance
of an incongruous possession by them of
our commemorative days is evidence of
a certain condition, and is symtomatic of
popular tendency which are by no
means reassuring.
On this day. the Union League Club of
Chicago should especially rejoice in the
his conscience, his reason, and his nolit-
IC31 understanding presiue.
I protest that I have not spoken in a
spirit of pessimism. I have and enjoy
my full share of the pride and exultation
which our country’s material advance-
i.
OF C0LTHHG COSO
What is known as the Williamson
plan of cultivating corn is said to have
revolutionized corn cultivation in the
State of South Carolina. It is now at
tracting attention in Georgia. Boiled
down, the Williamson, plan is as fol
lows:
Land is broken up in six-foot rows,
leaving a four-inch balk. The soil is
broken one-fourtli deeper than is com
mon, and a water furrow made, in
which the corn is planted, care being
taken to plant as early as possible. No
fertilizer is applied, and the first work-
........ . .... proachahle industriil development, and
consciousness of patriotic accompaniment: I Its irresponsible inventive genius have
and on this day of all others, every one made it the wonder of the centuries,
of its members should regard his mem- I The land we live in seems to be strong
bershiD as a badge of honor. Whatever ! and active. But how fares that land that
else the organization may have done, it lives in us? Are we sure that we are
has justified its existence and earned the ! doing all we ought to keen it ip vigor
applause of those whose love of country i and health? Are we keeping its roots
is still unclouded by th* 1 work it has done well surrounded by the fertile soil of lov-
for the deliverance !of Washington's birth- ! i n K allegiance, and are we furnishing them
day from neglect or indolent remem- j the, invigorating moisture of unselfish
brance.
In futhernnee of the high endcavoy of
ment fully justifies. It* "’limitless re- in ^ is done ' vith a sweep on both sides
sources, its astonishing growth, its unao- of the corn and give first working with
harrow. Thin when corn is about
eight inches high. In planting drop
the grains about five or six inches
apart. (Mr. Williamson breaks out
balk with scooter and follows in the
furrow with Dixie plow, with wing
taken off). After this first working
law schools, were admitted to the New
I York bar a few days ago. and there is
J scarcely a week in which a locally
I prominent legal light from some other
| part of the country, seeking a wider
‘ field and higher fees, is not added to
the steadily increasing number. At
the present time New York has a pop
ulation of approximately 4.500,000, and
this means that there is one lawyer to
every 250 individuals. Not a very large
number from which to draw a clien
tele. it would seem, when the lawyers
themselves and those who cannot af
ford the luxury of law are subtracted.
Yet the most of them have a full-fed
opulent look that speaks eloquently of
prosperity and suggests an inquiry into
the methods by which it has been ac
quired. There is the field of politics,
of course, and in New York that takes
care of a good many of the poorer law
yers. while practice before the civil
and criminal courts of the citv and
State accounts for a goodly number of
pleaders: but it is to the enormous vol
ume of business transactions that the
greater number look for support. Manv
of the great financial and commercial
institutions have prominent lawyers
at their heads and all of them are
equipped with one or more salaried em
ployes whose legal advice is indispen
sable in transactions involving, as they
frequently do. millions of dollars. In
addition to these sources of income,
there, were more than 115,000 transfers
of real estate last year, involving
something like $1,345,000 000, and most
of them provided a handsome fee for a
lawyer on either side of the transac
tion.
A Soldier of Fortune.
President Roosevelt’s pardon of Capt.
picturesque plague spot in the city.
Before the year is out, most of the
inhabitants will have removed to
Brooklyn, where they are establishing
a new Chinatown, and the narrow,
crooked streets around Chatham
Square are affording their last pic
turesque spectacle to the “rubberneck”
tourists in the celebration of the Chi
nese new year which is now on. A11
the business transactions of the past
twelve months have been closed, every
Chinaman has paid his honest debts,
all the prayers have been said, and the
advent of the new year, which occur
red on the morning of February 12,
has been fittingly celebrated by the
explosion of thousands of firecrackers,
which a special ordinance of the Board
of Aldermen passed at the interces
sion of “Little Tim” Sullivan, who
ranks next to Confucius in the Chi
nese calendar of saints, permitted to
be hung in ropes and festoons from
house to house across the streets.
Now, torxed out in their brightest na
tive garb, the inhabitants of the
quarter are making the customary
new year calls and imbibing much good
rice and liquor. So far not a “Chink”
has been killed, however, and in that
circumstance is read the sad fact that
the glory of Chinatown has departed.
New York’s Own Club.
Nearly everybody in New York is
from somewhere else and openly brags
of alien attachments. There are sons
and daughters of every State in the
Union, and a few others, who in the
office and on the street, at annual ban
quets nnd more frequent smokers and
teas sing the altogether desirableness
of the elsewhere so loudly and insis
tently that the patient but sorely tried
and forgotten . Gothamite wonders
what can be the matter with elseyhere
as a place of permanent residence.
But there is a limit even to patience,
and at last New York is to have a
club for New Yorkers exclusively. *
The credit for the scheme, like that of
many another brilliant idea, belongs to
a group of brave women who contend
that it is just as creditable to be a na
tive of New York as to be a native
of any other old place. It is to be a
woman’s club in the most particular
sense of the word, and the entertain
ment of men guests will be limited
strictly to the second Sunday evening
of each month. Whenever a member
develops a. case of masculine friend
ship that seems to require greater at
tention than that, she will be expect
ed to take it elsewhere. The business
meeting for the purpose of comparing
notes on these and and other affairs
will be held on the third Friday of
every month at the Hotel Astor in
Longacre Square. All the feminine
best of the city Is expected to join
the club, which already has a member
ship past the half-hundred mark, it is
asserted, but this surprising statement
is accounted for by the fact that five
years' residence is held to constitute
a native.
I "' ith harrow and thinning, a stunting Geor B . Boynton, “gun-runner” and
I process sh . ou ' d he begun, on which the revolutionist of three continents and
onf-fiocc nr fViA rilari /lonmiflc rtnm _ .
your organization, it would have been im- ’ nT ' are dutifully careful of the land that
possible to select for qiFr-rvnnce any other 1 lives in us.
live in is safe so long as ' should usually be from eight to tw
civic holiday having as broad and fitting
significance as this. It memorizes the '
birth of one whose glorious deeds are
transcendenrly above all others recorded
n our national annals: and in memoriz- r
ng the birth of Washington it commem- |
orates the incarnation of all the virtues i
and -all the ideals that made nnr na-
ionality possible, and gave it promise of :
rrowth and strength. It U a In.P lay that
belongs exclusively to the American poo- j
pie. All thnt Washington did was hound
iji fn our national destiny. The battles
be fought were fought for American lib- '
erty. and the victories he won gave us I
in:lorn! ind-mend- IT’s cvcnmlo of I
unselfish consecration and lofty patri- !
otism made manifest as in an onen book :
that those virtues were conditions not j
more vital to our nation’s beginning '
than to its development and durability. ,
Hi* faith in God. and the fortitude of his •
faith, taught those for whom he wrought. '
that the surest strength of nations comes
from the support of God's almighty arm
Hi* universal and irraTected sympathy
with those in every sphere of American
life, his thorough knowledge of existing
American conditions and his wonderf”,!
foresight of tho«e yet to he. coupled with
inches high when the stunting process
V i - 1 ’ both hemispheres, has brought to light
vclve „ ]ife-historv of adventure nnd strife
a life-history of adventure and strife
i which reads like an old-world romance
is, done, and “look worse than you have i'mnsplant^ tra proskic age of bu* !
nvpr gppn Cfirn I.nnk hpfnrp ” cni’c ATr 1 _ . ^ *■ uuai
TIE GOLDEN SW
MD IFS BI-PRODUCTS
WASHINGTON, 'Feb. 23.—Cotton
and its products brought practically 500
million dollars into the United States Within a few days side corn in the
ever seen corn look before.” says Mr.
Williamson. The fertilizer used is a
mixture of 300 pounds acid phosphate.
200 pounds kainit, and 100 pounds ni
trate of soda.
Put on Half Fertilizer.
At this point, "when your corn has
been sufficiently humiliated.” put on
half the fertilizer in the old sweep fur
row, on either side of the middle and
cover by breaking out this middle with
a turn plow. About one week after,
treat the other middle the same way.
ness. Capt. Boynton’s career as a sol-
■ dier of foreune began at 19 years of
aee, when he ran away from home to
I join a New York regiment in the Civil i
: War where he earned a captian’s com-
I mission for headlong daring. With an
from foreign countries in the year just
ended. The value of cotton, raw and
manufactured, and its products in va
rious forms exported during the year
aggregated 4S3 million dollars and thus
formed more than one-fourth of the
total exports of the country in the year
.- of its greatest export record. Figures
just compiled by the Bureau of Sta
tistics of the Department of Commerce
and Labor show that the total value
sential point in making a fine ear. and
it should be applied unmixed with any
other fertilizer.
He says he is saisfied with one ear
to the stalk, unless a prolific variety . .. T
is planted, and leaves a hundred stalks I n exports ofcottonsent to Japan
- - - compared with 1905, while to Canada
Cotton and Its Products
Amounted to One-Fourth
of Onr Exports
WASHINGTON, Feb. 22.—America’s
pocketbook was enriched by practically
$500,000,000 through its exportations
last year of cotton and the products
of that staple, according to a state
ment issued today by the bureau of
statistics of the Department of Com
merce and Labor. The exports of the
products amounted to one-fourth or 24
per cent of the $1,773,000,000 of the
domestic exports. The following fig
ures show the kind of cotton products
exported last year and their value:
Unmanufactured cotton, $413,137,936
manufactures of cotton, $43.961,04S;
cotton seed oil, $13,993,431; cotton seed
oil cake and meal, $14,165,268; cotton
seed. $205,032; eottolene, lardene, etc.,
chiefly from cotton seed oil $4,801.07S:
bringing the total exports of these
products up to $4S9,304,6S1.
Of the $413,000,000 worth of raw cot
ton exports, $173,000,000 went to the
United Kingdom; $109,000,000 to Ger
many; $45,000,000 to France; $31,500,-
000 to Italy; nearly $7,000,000 to Bel
gium; over $5,000,000 to Russia, and
$1,000,000 to the Netherlands, while to
Japan the exports were valued at
over $11,000,000 and to Canada $7,-
333,000. The figures show a reduction
middle with 16-inc-h sweep. Put all of, _ . . ...
vour nitrate of soda in this furrow, it , for every bushel he expects to make. anada
jess than 150 pounds: if more, use one- j He says further. “I find the 6-foot row . lnc J e .?f e ’ Ip
half of it nnw Dover with one furrow I easiest to cultivate without inturinr ; Quantity the record show a falling off
compared with 1905. the total num-
in the furrow at the rate of at least a i I leave it 16 inches apart; for 75 bush-
bushel to the acre and finish breaking , els 12 inches apart, and for 100 bushels
j 8 inches apart. Corn should be planted
ii powerful influence in th.* counsels i-.f j ° r ra ' v cotton exported in the calendar
| year 1906 was 413 million dollars, this
being the first calendar year in which
i the exrort figures of raw cotton
: touched or crossed the 400 million dol-
. lar line.-
| the
hi
de
were to make or mar th-
of an infant nation, mad-* him a tremen
dous fertor in the m-’er'ic'ion and rflan-
tinn of the constitutional chart by which
the course of the newly launched reruib-
lie oovM be safely sailed. And it was he
who first took the helm and demonstrated
for the guidance of all who micht suc
ceed him. how and hi wh.it saint and
Intent. the rec-'nrrihjtfies of our chief
Notwithstanding the
<1 freight barges on
tvs and the degree n
nervi*: - r.o-.v provld
a- v of the times is t
ow
passe
•ican :
ernme
by rj:
but bus;
rn*R
thcr the-e
‘on saou'.d console
t danger that this form of legts'i-
•’ w ll be carried too far. Leaving
de the socialistic character of many
'■he proposed laws it is worth while
perity
dettnu
farmer
and re
in
■be
hrough harmo-
this un-
-.1 the
mr
trac
:,r obse-v
the growth of
:i join
t that
O'— llvi-g O- de„d
have need d him
ow. nor wi’.i it h«
plow, sow peas and break out. This
lays by corn with good bed and plenty
of dirt around the stalk. This should
be from June 10 to June 20 (in this
latitude) unless season is very late
Manufactures of cotton aggregated and corn should hardly be bunching
practically 43 million dollars, or more j for tassel,
than in any earlier year except 1905
when they amounted to about 5G s ; mil
lion
In a few days side corn and other ! from 4 to 6 inches below the level, and
middle with the same sweep, put bal- j laid by from 4 to 6 inches above. No
ance of nitrate of soda in this furrow, j hoeing should be necessary and mid-
If it has been divided cover with turn ! dies may be kept clean until time to
Lay by early. More corn Is ruined by
late plowing than by lack of plowing,
ollars. Cotton-seed oil exported i This is when the ear is hurt. Two
added another 14 millions to the total. : good rains after laying by should make
and c::ton-seed oil cake and meal still • you a good crop of corn, and it will
another 14 millions. Added to thi:
• ! a quarter of a million dollars’ worth of
cotton seed, while presumably a large
, proportion of the nearly 5 million dol-
- lars' worth of lard compounds and sub
stitutes exported under the name of
cootolene. iardine, etc., was composed
largely of cotton-seed oil. thus bring
ing the aggregate exportation of the
luct ”f the cotton fields of the
is : certainly make with much less
break out. by using harrow, or by
running one shovel furrow in center
middle and bedding on that with one
or more rounds of turn plow.”
He does not pull fodder or cut tops;
nor does he cut peavines or pick peas.
Al! these go back into the soil and are
worth, according to him, $15 to $20 an
acre as fertilizer.
Any practical man may follow the
plan, which requires less work than the
old way. and so far results indicate
rain that South Carolina can raise the exop
bc-r of pounds shipped during that year
being 4.137,154.935, while for 1996 they
were only 3.S50.299.03C. The falling off
in the quantity, however, was more
| than offset by the increase in price of
: cotton exports, the increase in value
' in 1906 exceeding the previous year by
$21,000,000. Of the cotton manufac-
j tures exported, the bulk of it went to
countries other than Europe. The
value of cotton cloths exported last
year was $32,500,000, of which a little
over $500,000 went to Europe, $16,750,-
000 to China. $5,000,000 to other Asiastic
countries and about $3,000,000 worth
went to the West Indian Islands, exclu
sive of Porto Rico: $1,500,000 to Cen
tra] America and more than three-
quarters of a million dollars’ worth to
Canada.
than if pushed and fertilized in the old , of Iowa on one-fourth the area, the
wav. 1 product being worth more than twice
The stalks will be verv small and will as much here on account of the higher
not require anything like the amount value of corn.
of moisture. Do not be discouraged by
the small appearance of the stalks*:
the corn will make out of all proportion
to its size.
As the State of South Carolina has
something like twelve million acres of
land available for this purpose, not now
utilized, it will be seen what a revo-
Mr. Williamson considers the final lution this would make, If the plans
tlie Southern States the wonder of the try * service are above all praise. * But it j United States up to about 490 million application of nltrjite of soda an es- fulfill expectations,
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.
Examine label on your pa
per. It tells how you stand on
the books. Due from date on
the label. Send in dues and
,^iso rejoew for the year 1907,