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FERTILIZATION FACTS
INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS OF
AN EXPERIENCED AGRICUL
TURAL CHEMIST.
?LANT LIFE IS ANALYZED
Valuable Information Learned From
the Books and From an Extensive
Practical Experience.
To Georgia Farmer: I wrote you last
year a series of letters devoted almost
exclusively to the feeding of live stock,
the preparation of scientific rations and
to the general principles underlying the
scientific feeding of stock. As you have
asked me so many questions about ferti
lizers, I propose now to write you a se
ries of letters on that subject, giving
you the benefit of what I may have
learned from books and from my exper
ience as an agricultural chemist.
As the prime object of farming and
of fertilization is the raising of orops,
we will begin by considering briefly
plant life.
What is a plant? Let us examine and
make a rough analysis of one. Pull up
a green and vigorous plant, brush
the dirt from the roots ahd throw it
down upon the ground with the rays of
the sun beating upon it. Soon it as
sumes a peculiar appearance, whioh
we call “wilted.”' Had yon taken the
precaution to weigh the plant when you
first pulled it up and then weighed it
again after a, few hours, when it looked
badly wilted* yon would find that it had
lost weight. By putting the fresh
plant under a specially constructed
glass vessel and setting it in the sun,
vori could prove to your own satisfac
tion that the oause of the loss in weight
was due to the loss of water. The wa
ter in the plant heated by the sun rises
as vapor, and if yon had the special,
glass vessel I speak of you could see the
water of the cotton plant oondense in
the cool part of thb vessel in drops,
which you could eollect and weigh; and
if you were provided with sufficiently
delicate instruments, you would find
the weight of this condensed water
from the cotton plant was exactly
equal to the loss in weight which it
sustained after being badly wilted.
Young plants and vegetables fre
quently contain as muoh as nine-tenths
of their weight of water.
In making hay we dry out the water
of the grass in the snn, and when the
grass has lost all the water it will in this
way, it is said, be "oared,” and becomes
hay. This air dry grass or hay still
contains from 8 to 12 per oent of water,
whioh can be driven out of it by heating
it to the temperature of boiling water.
• If we should do that, what was left
would be the "dry matter” of the plant.
This dry matter of the plant contains
all the valuable elements for which the
plant was grown* If we examine this
dry matter farther, we find in a general
way that it is composed of two kinds of
bodies, one of whioh will born, or the
combustible, and another kind which
will hot barn, the incombustible or the
ash. That part qf the plant whioh burns
or goes up in smoke is derived very
largely from the air, and is gaseous in
its nature.
If, now, we were to analyze these
gases which escape on burning the
plant, and then analyze the ash whioh
was left, we should find that, besides the
nine-tenths water which the original
plant contained, the. remaining tenth
contained these elements—carbon, hy
drogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potash, mag
nesia, lime, iron phosphorus and sulphur
as essential elements; that is to say, we
should certainly find all those elements
present, as no plant could exist without
them, each one being ‘just as necessary
as the other to the growth and life of
the plant; and if any one of them were
c$t out, the others being present, the
plant conld not develop.
Besides those elements just men
tioned, however, we should also find in
the ashes of the plant silica, chlorine,
soda and manganese, and sometimes a
few other elements, though none of
these last are -absolutely necessary to
the growth and development of plant
life.
These ash elements, as we may call
them, are all derived from the soil.
Ninety-five per cent of the dry matter
of the plant comes out of the air. and is
derived from the gases which exist in
the air, the remaining 5 per cent of the
dry matter being the ashes which come
out of the soil. So you see the mineral
part, which comes from the soil, lis only
a very small part of the original plant,
but yet it is just as essential .to the life
and growth of the plant as any or all
of the others.
Perhaps you would like to know how
it was discovered that the air furnished
a large part of the dry matter of the
plan’t. An experiment nee this was
made. Some white sand was thor
oughly burned, to destroy the combusti
ble matter there might be in it, and
j then thoroughly washed with acid and
water to remove any soluble mineral
! matter and just leave pure sand. This
being put into a box, a seed of com is
planted and watered with distilled wa
ter, or water containing no mineral
The seed, after sprouting and growing
as long as it could subsist on the food in
the original grain of corn, was carefully
dried, all the water being driven out m
an oven kept at the temperature of boil
ing water, and then the remaining dry
matter was weighed. It was found that
the weight far exceeded the weight of
the original grain of corn, and .also that
this excess weight consisted entirely of
carbon hydrogen and oxygen; conse
quently, they must have come from the
air and water, as they ooald have come
from no ether source.
The atmosphere contains a great
abnndanoe of these elements, carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen, which are so nec
essary to plant life, so that it will not be
necessary for ns to trouble about them in
studying the subject of fertilizers, since
they are given "without money and
without price.”
The ash elements which make only 5
per cent of the dry matter of the crop,
will OQuoern us very nearly, qnd as they
come out of the soil, I will write you in
my next letter about the soil and its
elements—those which are abundant,
and those which are scarce. . :
John M. McOandless,
State Chemist
QUESTIONS CONCERNING THEIR
CULTIVATION ARE ASKED
AND ANSWEMSD.
FOBSTOXA IS SUGGESTED
Enemies of the Plant and How to
Thwart Their Depredations—The
Beet Soil—Views of Chemist.
THE LUSCIOUS STRAWBERRY
Can Be Cultivated In Different Soils
and Temperatures.
Among the spring luxuries qf the ta
ble is the strawberry, which is adapted
to such widely different soils and tem
peratures, that those possessing even
the smallest garden patch may have
enough for their own use, if they so de
desire. A plot only 20 or .80 feet square
will with proper attention produce a
supply that will surprise those not ac
customed to the cultivation of this de-
liczoas fruit.
There is great demand for strawber
ries in all ow larger towns. Those
raised in Florida begin to come in to
ward, the middle of Maroh, and when
they begin to grow scarce the Georgia
berries are ready to come in. The mar
ket gardeners of our state would find it
profitable to raise this favorite fruit for
the states north of ns.
It is too late now to plant for this
season, but not too late to get ready for
another. Those set ont in the spring
will produce very few berries the first
year. The chief aim for the first year
should be the production of vigorous
plants, whioh will be less liable to be
killed by the gold of winter .than those
set eut in the fall. If such plants are
secured they will with, proper care pro
duce an abundant supply in the next
season.
Strawberries should be cultivated or
hoed at least three times the first year.
Bnt, if . this is done every two or three
weeks from early in April until Octo
ber, the weeds will be ■ thoroughly kept
down so that they will not become
wedged in between the plants. When
the season for berries comes then all
this care and attention will be amply
rewarded.—State Agricultural Depart
ment.
A gentleman who desires to experi
ment with Irish potatoes as a revenue
crop asks for advice on the the following
■points:
(1) . The most available potato for
shipping purposes.
(2) . The best time to plant so as to
bring the potatoes into market in time
to miss the first crop of southern pota
toes and the regular annual crop of
northern potatoes.
(3) . Character and amount of manu
factured fertilizer likely to ensure the
largest yield.
Answers to the above questions:
(1) . The Irish potato in highest es
teem among the track farmers on the
Atlantic coast near Savannah is the
"Pink-Eye” or "Early Bose. ”
(2) . The best time to plant so as to
come between the first crop of southern
patotoes and the regular annual orop of
northern potatoes is in February or early
March.
' (3). The following formula for Irish
potatoes is suggested by Dr. McOand-
iess, our state chemist:
Nitrate of soda. 300 pounds
Cottonseed meaL 600 pounds
Acid phosphate (14 per oent) .800 pounds
Sulphate of potash 300 pounds
This signature is on every box of the genuine ]
Laxative Bromo=Quinine Tablet.
the remedy that enres a cold in one day
CUKES BLOOD POISON.
Scrofula, Ulcers, Old Sores, Bone Pains—
Trial Treatment Tree,
Mrs. Maggie Hooper Sends a Message.
Jeffersonville, Ind.,May 15,1900.
Pepsin Syrup Co.. Monticello, III.
Dear Friends—I was bothered with
stomach trouble and dyspepsia for
years. Nothing helped me until I
tried your grand Dr. CaldwelFs Syr
up Pepsin, and now I feel like a new
woman. You may publish this, that
all others may learn of the great
benefit of your cure. Sincerely yours,
Mbs. Maggie Hoopeb.
Sold by druggists.
The famous French author and
editor, Madame Blanc, whose queer
pen-name is “Th. Bentzon,” has
written a complete account of "A
Girl’s Life in France,” which will
soon be published in The Ladies’
Home Journal. She emphasizes ear
ly baptism, careful religious and
school instruction, implicit obedi
ence, simplicity in dress, and short
engagements as among the chief
features of the lives of French girls.
To The Deaf.
A rich lady, cured of her deaf
ness and noises in the head by Dr.
Nicholson’s Artificial Ear Drums,
gave $10,000 to his Instute, so
that deaf people unable to pro
cure the Ear Drums may have
them free. Address No. 1474. The'
Nicolson Institute, 780 Eighth
Avenue, New York.—Ex.
2,000 pounds
Use from 250 to 500 pounds to the acre,
according to the fertility of the soil. Mu
riate of potash may be used instead of
sulphate, if the latter cannot be easily
had.
We have heard /"Armour’s Helmet
Brand Potato Fertilizer” recommended
in very flattering terms.
Best Soil For Irish Potatoes.
Irish potatoes give, the best results in
a rich sandy loam, neither too wet, nor
too dry. If the season should be a wet
one, a elay subsoil would be unfavor
able to the growth of the potato. A
calcareous soil can generally be counted
on for producing a crop large and of
fine quality. When the soil contains
bat little lime, it is well to use this as a.
fertilizer.
The inverted sod of an old pasture is
good for the Irish potato. When such a
sod is used, a little well rotted oompost
should be harrowed in upon it. A com
post made of muck and leached ashes
makes an excellent manure for thisprop.
Enemies of the Potato.
The potato rot is a disease not thor
oughly understood and no effectual
remedy has yet been discovered for
plants affected by it. The only thing
that can prevent spreading is the de
struction of all infected stems and
leaves. In localities where other crops
have been destroyed by the rot, a reme
dy is found by the use of lime in the
hills and by occasional dusting of the
growing plant with it. Sometimes a field
attacked by the rot has been saved by
mowing off the top of the plants.
It has been found that crops on which
commercial fertilizers have been used
are less liable to this disease than those
where composts of various kinds and
farm manures have been applied to the
soil.
The potato bug or Colorado beetle is
a destructive pest. Arsenite of copper,
generally known as, paris green, is the
most effectual remedy against this'trou
blesome insect, but it must be used with
the greatest caution, and nothing in
which it has been placed should ever be
used for any other purpose.—State Ag
ricultural Department
First, second or third stages positively
cored by taking B.B.B. (Botanic BJooci
Balm). Blood Balm kills or destroys the
Syphilitic Poison in the Blood and ex
pels it from the system. At the same
time (Botanic Blood Balm builds up the
shattered constitution. Have you sore
throat, pimples, copper-coiored spots,
old sores, ulcers, swellings, scrofula,
itching skin, aches and pains in bones or
joints, sore mounth, or falling hair?
Then Botanic Blood Balm will heal ev
ery sore, stop the aches and make the
blood Pure and Bich and give the rich
glow of health to the skin. Over 3.000
testimonials of cures. Botanic Blood
Balm thoroughly tested for 30 years
Sold at Drugstores, $1, including com
plete directions. Trial treatment of B
B. B. free by addressing Blood Balm Co.
Atlanta, Ga. Describe trouble and free
medical advice given. Don’t despair of
a cure, as Blood Balm cures when all
else fails At BLoltzclaw’s Drag-store.
PENNS YLV ANT A PURE RYE,
EIGHT YEARS OLD.
OLD SHARPE WILLIAMS.
Pour fui Quarts of this Pine Old, Pnre
RYE WHISKEY ,
$3.50 “JgSg
We ship on approval in plain, sealed boxes
with no marks to indicate contents. When |you
receive it and test it, if it is not satisfactory,
return it a< our expense and we wil return your
$3.50. We guarantee this brand to be
EIGHT TEARS OLD.
Eight bottles for $6 50, express prepaid:
12 oottfes
for $9 50 express preDaid.
One gallon jug, express prepaid, $3 00;
2 gallon jug, express prepaid, $5 50.
No charge for boxing.
We handle all the leading brands of Rye and
Bourbon Whiskies and will save you
50 Per Gent, on Your Purchases:
Coon Hollow Bourbon........
Melwood Pure Bye... ......
Monogram Bye..
McBrayer Rye...
Baker’s A AAA
Old crow
Fincher’s Golden Wedding.
Hoffman House Rye
Quart,
Gallon.
....§ 35
§125
150
... 45
160
190
55
200
. .. 60
225
..... 65
240
...... 65
240
75
250
2 50
300
100
350
If#. 125
400
The above are only a few brands.
Send for a catalogue.
All other Soods by tlia gallon, such as
Whiskey, Peach and Apple Brandies, etc., sold
equally as low, from $125 a gallon and upward.
Com
prompt
inducements offered.
pecial
Mail Orders shipped same dav of the
receipt of order.
The Altmayer & Flateau
Liquor Company,
606, 508, 510, 512 Fourth Street, near
Union Passenger Hepot.
MACON, GEORGIA.
Dyspepsia Care
Digests what you eat.
It-artificially digests the food and aids
Nature in strengthening and recon*
structing the exhausted digestive or*
gans. It Is the latest discovered digest*
ant and tonic. No other preparation
can approach it in efficiency. It in*
stantly relieves and permanently cures
Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Heartburn,
Flatulence, Sour Stomach, Nausea,
all other results of imperfect digestion.
Price50c. and $1. Large Sire contains 2Y t timqs
small size. Book all about dyspepsia mailedfree
Prepared by E> C. De WITT & QO* Chicago.
BRING US YOUR JOB WORK, SATIS
FACTION GUARANEETD.
Restore Vitality, Lost Vigor and Manhood
excess and indiscretion.
A nerve tonic and
,blood builder. - Brings
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cheeks and restores the
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. JOo per box. 0 boxes for
$2.50, with our bankable gaurantee to cure
cr refund the money paid. Send for circular
.ble
and enpy of oar bankat
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EXTRA STRENGTH
(YELLOW LABEL)
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aped or Shrunken Organs,
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Results of Excessive Use of Tobacco, Opium or
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box, 6 for $5.00 with our bankable guar
antee bond to cure in 30 days or refund
money paid. Address
NERVITA MEDICAL CO.
Clinton & Jackson Sts., CHICAGO, ILL.
For sale by H. M. Holtzclaw, Druggist, Perry,Ga
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Two hundred bushels of po .
tatoes remove eighty pounds. *]
of “actual ” Potash from the
soil. Unless this quantity
is returned to the soil
the following crop will
materially decrease.
• We have hooks telling a W
composition, use and value d
fertilizers for various cr»*
They are sent free. ^
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New York.
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