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fHE GAINESVILLE NEWS, WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 10, 1902
acid and twelve and one-half per cent,
available phosphoric acid. Steamed
hone meal is the .product of the glue
works, and is made by grinding- the
bones left after boiling all the fat and
glue out of them that can be obtained.
This process reduces the percentage
of nitrogen, so that steamed bone meal
will hardly average more than two
per cent.; of nitrogen, but has about
the same amount of phosphoric acid
as the ordinary bone meal.
HORN AND HOOF MEAL—MISCON
CEPTIONS ABOUT.
Horn and hoof meal is another pro
duct of the slaughter-house. Imper
fect horns and dark colored hoofs are
fiivit thoroughly steamed, then dried
and ground into meal. The better
quality of horn and hoofs command
very high prices, even as high as
$200 a ton, for other purposes, in the
manufacture of buttons and novelties;
hence the quantity of this material
coming on the market is limited.
There was formerly & great prejudice
against it, and it used to be considered
fraudulent to * se it in fertilizers.
Lven in' standard works on Agricul
tural Chemistry of quite recent date
the material is spoken of as being
very slowly available as plant food.
This, however, has in the past two
or three years, been shown to
be an error and the material
is now regarded by the best in
formed a® a rich and highly available
source of nitrogen. The quantity of
it on the market is comparatively small.
There are many other products of the
packing-house, but these are the chief
ones of interest to the fertilizer trade
and to the farmer. In the next letter
I will finish describing the nitrogenous
fertilizer materials,, and write you
something about phosphates.
Yours truly,
JNO. M. McCANDLESS,
State Chemist.
INDUSTRIAL
Digests what yon eat.
This preparation contains all of the
digestants and digests all kinds of
food. It gives instant relief and never
fails to cure. It allows you to eat all
the food you want. The most sensitive
stomachs can take it. By its use many
thousands of dyspeptics have been
cured after everything else faifed. It
prevents formation of gas on the stom
ach, relieving all distress after eating;
Dieting unnecessary. Pleasant to take*
It can't help
but do you good
Prepared only by E. O. DeWitt & Co., Chicago-
Description of Nitrogenous
Fertilizer Materials.
SUBSTANCES USED IN THEM
Value In Dollars and Cents and Their
Agricultural . .importance—Packing
House Products—Dried Blood Rich
est In Nitrogen.
As you and others have writen me to
know what is the value of the differ
ent materials used in the manufacture
of commercial fertilizers, I will give
you at this point a fairly complete ac
count of the substances principally
used. First we will consider in the
order of their value in dbllars and
cents, and their agricultural import
ance, the nitrogenous materials, or
those which yield nitrogen to the plant.
Such substances are also known as am-
moniates, because under certain con-
ditios the nitrogen which they contain
can he converted into ammonia. Now
nitrogen and ammonia are not the
same thing by any means, but still
they are closely related, they &re both
gases. Nitrogen, as I have described
to you before in another place, is a
Colorless, ordorless, tasteless gas, and
constitutes four-fifths of the air or at
mosphere which envelops the earth.
Ammonia is also a gas and is colorless,
but it has a pungent odor, the same
which you have noticed in spirits of
hartshorn or spirits of ammonia
bought from the drug store. It also
has a caustic burning taste, and is
easily dissolved in water, which nitro
gen is not.
Ammonia is made by causing nitro
gen to combine with hydrogen. Four
teen pounds if nitrogen combine with
three pounds of hydrogen to make
seventeen pounds of ammonia, so that
ammonia always contains a large
gmomit of nitrogen, but nitrogen never
contains any ammonia. And right
here it is well for you to understand,
that we have all fallen into a very
Unwise and erroneous habit of speak
ing about a fertilizer as containing
Such a per cent, of ammonia. As a
matter of fact it is rarely, if ever, the
case that a fertilizer contains any am
monia, as such at all, hut it does con
tain nitrogen combined in various
forms.
As you know it is customary, in the
careless way of talking obtaining
among us all, to speak of cotton-seed
meal as containing eight per cent, of
ammonia. That is wrong, it does not
contain any ammonia, but it does con
tain six and six-tenths per cent, of
nitrogen in the form of albuminoids or
protein, of which I wrote you so much
hi my letters on feeding; and this six
and six-tenths per cent, of nitrogen
can under certain chemical conditions
be converted into eight per cent, or am
monia. I hope then I have made-this
plain, and when you buy a fertilizer in
the future don’t imagine, because, you
smell certain peculiar odors about it,
that you smell ammonia; that is rarely,
if ever, the case; the odors you smell
are usually due to animal matters,
fish-scrap etc., and indicate no greater
value in the fertilizer than one which
has no odor at all.
In the same way a dark or black*
color is no indication of value in the
fertilizer. In point of fact the highest
grade fertiliser which could possibly
be compounded by the art of
The great packing-houses are locat
ed chiefly in Chicago, Kansas City and
Omaha, where immense numbers of
cattle are slaughtered, and the var
ious parts of the body are put to some
special use. Apart form the production
of dressed beef, mutton or pork, there
is of course a large quantity of waste
to be utilized, but the material most
interseting to us is that which is used
for fertilizer, this consists of blood,
of bones, and a mixture of scraps of
meat, skin, bones and blood.
- DRIED BLOOD.
The material known as “dried blood”
is the most valuablle fertilizing pro
duct, and the richest in nitrogen. In
preparing this material, the liquid
blood is cqllected *n vats, where it is
cooked; this process causes the
separation of the protein of the blood
from much of the water; it, is then
put into presses where about one-half
of fthe water is pressed out. After
pressing it is still damp and in the
form of cakes; these cakes are next
broken up and dried by passing them
through a mechanical drier heated
by steam. Thfe damp cakes go
in at one end of the machine and' the
dry cakes come out at the other, when
they are ground to a powder and sack
ed ready for market. This blood will
usually contain about thirteen per cent,
of nitrogen, which is the equivalent of
about sixteen per cent, of ammonia,
but as in the case of the cotton-seed
meal, there is actually no ammonia in
Mexican
Mustang Liniment
It gives immediate relief. Get a piece of soft old
linen cloth, saturate it with this liniment and bind
loosely upon the wound. You can have no adequate
idea what an excellent remedy this is for a bum until
yon have tried it.
A rnil/I TIP If you have a bird afflicted with Roup or any
I U V¥ L 111 ■ other poultry disease use Mexican Mustang
Idniment. It is called a standard remedy by poultry breeders.
IRRIGATION
Mr. W. R. Welke in Farm and
Ranch for July 26th, 1902, writing for
his own State, Texas, says: ^ “If the
rice farmer could find means to irri
gate his field and keep it ior weeks,
and even months, under water, why
should the cotton, wheat and corn
raising people not he able to give their
fields ^one, or even two irrigations, one
before and another during the drouth
The subterfuge that it costs too much,
that the farmer is not able, is untena
ble. The fact is that, either he docs
not believe in it, or he is too indolent
to get out of the old rut. If he is nor
able to do it alone, can’t he combine
with his neighbor? It seems that the
hundreds of thousands of dollars in
vested every year in costly farm ma
chinery rusting and. rotting in the rain,
could have been better employed on
irrigation plants, that would enable the
buyer to have something to reap and
thrash. The best reaping and thrash
ing machinery cannot harvest a crop
that is not grown. Good cultivation
goes far to make a crop, but, if there
is not sufficient moisture in the soil
Lingering Summer Colds.
Don’t let a cold run »t this season.
Summer colds are the hardest kind to
cure and if neglected may linger along
for months. A long siege like this Will
pull down the strongest constitution.
One Minute Cough Cure will break up
the attack at once. Safe, sure, acts at
once. Cures coughs, colds, croup, bron
chitis, all throat and Jung troubles.
The children like it. Robertson &
Law.
WE, THE .DISTILLERS/
guarantee these goods tow I
pro pare and 7 years old. Sb{
IBs better at any price, mj
win ship in plain boxes u
tj| any address, express pjj
Eaj paid at the following
tiller’s prices:
|| 5 Full Bottles,S3.45j
yj (O Full Bottles, 6.53
M 12 Full Bottles, 7.901
|i 15 Full Bottles, 8.70
lUl Your money back ifnoiaJ
*Hj represented. A sample ii
TANKAGE.
The next important product of the
slaughter-house is whwat is known to
the fertilizer trade as “Tankage.”
This is a mixture of blood, bones,
waste scraps of meat, etc. This ma
terial gets its name from the
fact that it is cooked in huge
tanks in the first preparation. It is
cooked, under steam pressure at
a high temperature for several hours.
As a result, most of the fat in the mass
is melted and rises to the top of the
tanks, where it is skimmed off and
utilized for soap-making and other pur
poses. The bones and the cooked
meat, etc., now lie at the bottom of ihe
tank, and the tank water is dark and
highly colored—is in fact a sort of
soup, containing nitrogenous matter in
solution. The solid matter, bones, etc.,
are removed and crushed or ground in
the same way as was done with the
dried blood product.
CONCENTRATED TANKAGE.
The tank water is run into a vacuum
evaporator, the excess of water re
moved, lind a product known as “Con
centrated Tankage” is the final result
of the treatment. The finished mater
ial contains about twelve per cent, of
nitrogen. The dried and ground Bone
Tankage, or what is known as simply
Tankage, contains about seven per
cent, of nitrogen, ten per cent, of total
phosphoric acid and six and one-half
per cent, of available phosphoric acid.
BONE MEALS.
There are also three kinds of bone
meal produced: raw gone meal, regu
lar bone meal, and steamed bone ni$ai.
The first is, as its name indicates,
produced by the crushing and grind
ing of raw bones, after removing any
adhearing fat or meat. This material
contains about four per cent, of nitro
gen, twenty-three per cent, of total
phosphoric acid, and eight and one-
half per cent, of available phosphoric
acid. The regular bone meal is cooked
under pressure for a few hours in the
tanks; this removes fat and also causes
some loss of nitrogen, but makes the
product grind easier and finer. This
grade of bone meal contains about
three per cent, nitrogen, twenty-seven
liiiKES WHEHE Ail ELSE FAILS.
Best Congb Syrup. Tastes Good, uw
jn time. by druggists-
to dissolve- the plant and enable the
root to assimilate the same, there will
not be a paying crop, even on the best
available bottom soil, even if the sub
soil is taking some moisture from the
lower strata and a half a bale of cotton
or 20 bushels of corn to the acre may
he raised on this exraordinary soil.
Two bales of cotton and 80 to 100
bushels of corn to the acre with one
good irrigation at the right time would
make the gravest farmer smile. The
upland or prairie farmer is still more
in need of irrigation that the owner of
rich alluvial bottom lands.”
Now we will add to this remark of
Mr. Welke’s irigation may not be prac-
ticible on all Georgia farms, but there
are sections of the State where it is
practicable, and where it would se
cure to the farmer immunity from
drouth and consequent failure of
crops.
GA. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE.
Tested Fruit and Ornamental Trees
for the South.
We offer the leading varieties of Ap
ples, Peaches, Pears, Japan Plums, and
small Fruits for both Home and Market
Orchards.
Pecans, Evergreens and Shrubbery.
Every plant guaranteed true to
name. No substitution.
Write for prices on what you want
and secure your trees early. Corres
pondence relative to fruit growing
cheerfully answered. ✓
SOUTHERN STATES NURSERY,
Ingleside, tia.
Trains from Atlanta, for
Toccoa, Greenville, Spartanburg;
Charlotte, Washington and
pass Gainesville: No. 36,
Mail (daily) 2:28 a. m; No. ^
(daily) 10:37 a. m; No. # 38, Li®*
ted (daily) 2:25 p. m; No. ^
Express, (daily) 2:45 p.
IS, Bexle (except Sunday) r i’^
man
■would be snow white in color. The
materials Used for compounding such
a fertilizer would be nlrate of am
mania and phosphate of potash, and
laese salts when chemically pure are
snow white salts. To return noV to
our description of the various nitro
genous materials. Cotton-seed meal,
with which you are fully familliar,’
stands fiirsfin importance in Southern
agriculture. v
An average meal of good quality
will contain six and six-tenths per
cent, of nitrogen, which, if converted
into ammonia, would be equal to eight
per cent.
It also contains an average of 2.7
per cent, of phosphoric acid and 1*8
per cent, of potash. It is a very valua
ble fertilizer, and constitutes the nitro-
gen base of the greater portion of com
mercial fertilizers manufactured in the
South.
“PACKING-HOUSE PRODUCT f\."
As little is generally known of these
and the manner of their production,
I will give you a brief account of their
manufacture.
Trains'fro WaBhingtou^uns 1 '
lofcte, etc. for Atlanta, etc., P a
Gainesville: No. 35, Fast
(daily) 4:29 a. m; No. 17,1
(except Sunday) 7:20 a. ®
39, Express (daily) 2:45 P- c
No. 37, Limited, (daily) 3:30
m; (daily) 8:28 p.m.
Through trains for Washing 01
New York, etc. Connections
Lula for Athens, fat Toccoa -
Elberton, at Greenville fo r .
nmbia, etc.,| at Spartanburg
Asheville, Columbia, Cbari e5 | c
etc., and at Atlanta for all ? v
ABOVE
SEA.
Agricultural
College
Main Building.
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but they can’t help feeling how lucky
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When a woman’s husband quits doing
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and one-half Der cent, total nhosnhoric
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Good laboratories; healthful, invigoratin 'cli
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TO*!
P S