Newspaper Page Text
A Surprising Reserve
==of==
Trained Citizen Soldiery
By Day Alten Willey,
90900002 @~ T vs a wise provision to include military tactics in the
curriculum of the agrieultural and mechanical colleges which
l the nation. has endowed for the higher education oj the hoy
and girl of the farm, for of the total number of cadet soldiers
gruduated in the country yearly, these i-stitutions contri
-90048 000¢ 0o hute necarly one-half. Frem the fifty colleges come about
forty-five hundred; of thirty-five thousand students fifteen
i.mmi thousand are enrolled in the cadet corps. The fact that
these colleges represent thirty-two states and territories in
dicate the national scope of this inflyence. The public high scheols of princi
pal cities have algo introduced military tactice to such an extent that nine
thougand boys are cadet soldiers—the most notable command being the High
School Cadet Brigade of Boston, which represents several public academies
in the city and suburbs and has ar average membership of two thousand.
But of strictly military schools there are one hundred and seventy-five
throughout the land. Nearly every state has at least one, New York has
thirty-two, New Jersey nine, Pennsylvania eleven, North Ca'olina seven,
Texas nine, Wisconsin four, California nine and Illinois five. These states
are quoted merely to show how widely distributed are the centers of soldier
making. And the ‘means are within reach of any reputable school that can
muster a corps of one hundred and fifty or two hundred boys. Under these
conditions the Federal Government will furnish field pieces and caissons fer
the battery and arm the corps with saber and rifle. It is ¢nly necessary for
the school authorities to give bond to return the equipment in good condition.
Thus with weapons of actual warfare the routine of the regular army may be
faithfully followed. Ten thousand young men coming from these institutions
every year mean an addition of a hundred thousand men in a decade to the
class of American citizens available for the country’s protection.—From
“Training Our Minute Men of the Future.” in the Outing Magazine,
? Forest Slaughter
S RCAT RORR RS Mo 2D
. By Samuel E. Moffett. %
e O the future higtorian the report of the TForest Service
@ on the lumber cut of the United States for 1906 will be a
document of melancholy interest. It will be like a contem
porary description of the slaughter of the last great herd
of buftalo in 1875, In 1906 we slashed from our disappearing
| forests about forty billion feet of lumber, ”worth seven hun
dred millions dollars. It was more than we had ever cut
before. 1t gseemed as if we could not bear the sight of a
standing tree, and had been seized with a frenzied eagerness
to turn the last remnants of cur woodlands into barren wastes of stumps in
the shortest possible time,
In some kinds of lumber the hand of destruction is already stayed by the
lack of anything more to deéstroy., In the seven years between 1899 and
1906 the cut of white pine has been reduced by over forty percent, and oak
by nearly as much. The average value of lumber of all kinds has increased in
the same period by forty-nine percent, an ecloquent commentary on the
_progress of exhaustion. The stumpage values of the principal varieties of
trees have doubled and tripled in seven years. Yellow pine has increased
from $1.12 to $3.16 per thousand feet, oak from $3.18 to $6.52, ash from $3.03
to $7.58, and white pine from $3.66 to $8.09, The line of devastation has swept
~across the continent, until now the older lumber-producing regions are
eclipsed. Washingtgn s now become Ih9»mt state dn the volume of its
-%%QW% spond. Wisconsin has gone fl”{gm‘ first place W
\ DO6 o third*in 1906 and is still declining. The rapid ‘exhaustion of the finer
woods is bringing poorer varieties to the front, but it is only a matter of a
few years before a tree of any kind will command the respect due to rarity.—
Collier's Weekly. ’
g h rss
The Rhodes Schola &
Future R
TDT LMLL AN T
¥ By Sherman Peer.
£ unvnnamtiers s rmprpema ) o
oeooo® | the uses of a Rhodes scholarship, three may be mentioned
as of practical value and as peculiar to Oxford. First is the
pursuit of stuiles and research preparatory to teaching his
tory, the classics or English literature; secondly, following
! a line of stucy preparatory to journalism; and, lastly, the
@ooe taking up of swdies in view of entering our foreign consular
or diplomatic service. In this list, history might well be
“.3 given the leading place, inasmuch as the history schools of
Oxford are celebrated for thoroughness, for the scholarship
of the instructing staff and for the excellent methods of teaching. Supple
mental to this is the historic setting in and about Oxford, and the vroximity
of the continent, so rich in historical librarvies, great living historians and
cities and battle-fields famous in the annals of the past. In the classics, Ox
ford has long stood first by reason of the marked ability of the instructing
staff, the class of undergraduates interested in Latin and Greek texts and the
original methods of instruction adopted in this field of study. She is with
out doubt the stronghold of the classics, surpassing Cambridge in this respect,
though both universities possess, as semebody has remarked, the “classic at
mosphere.” The third place in this list is assigned to English literature. One
might expect it to lead, but though in process of development, this line of
study has not yet attained the reputation of the s=aals of history or the
classies, Curiously enough, the Rhodes scholars are now bringing thiz school
10 the front~—Putnam's Monthly. ;
5’ “Dangerous”’ by \g"’
& . Speedi &
. peeding
- T A
é By Henry B. Anderson. é
LMOST all efforts by regulation to reduce the danger inher
ent in automobiles have had in view the identification of the
car and the chauffeur and the imposition of a limitation up
on speed.
As a rule, three classifications enter into the limitation
of speed: ten miles an hour being the general rule for con
gested city districts, fifteen miles for ordinary settled lo
calities, and twenty miles for the open country. Such lim
itations are very crude, for in each class the speed is hab
itually exceeded by skilful and careful drivers without nccident or even dan
ger; and, on the other hand, in each class, <areless drivers may keep strictly
within them, and yet continually expose other users of the road to risk of
injury. This defect in the speed-limit regulations is recognized in automobile
laws, which usually deciare that the mere observance of the limits of speed
does not free the driver from liability in case of accident, if actual careless
ness is proved. In other words, the principle is established that at all times
the driver must adapt his speed to the conditions on the road, and that these
may, and do frequently, require a substantial modification of the speed grad
uations as fixed by law. This latter matter of dangerous driving as apart
from exceeding the arbitrarily fixed speed-limit is habitually disregarded in all
attempts to enforce the law.—The Ceutury.
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R e R e
o
Centuries of
Warfare Over
Christ’s Tomb
An Unbrokc; ;e;;>rd of Conten
tion and Strife Since the
Days of the Emperor
Constantine.
i
: ISTORY tells us that in
the one place in all the
DRI world where noise and
strife should be for
ever hushed, and only
, sounds of worship be
heard, men g"imet in
bloody battie recently. 0%
Crucifixes and censors were the
- weapons., Francisc %M-"A’mn
‘mouks k@m@%tmm e
‘scene of the struggle was the tomb of
. Christ. !
For a time the battlefield of the
crusades echoed again to the sound
’ of clashing arms, the groans of the
| wounded, the cheers ot the victors.
But this was not a battle of believer
~against unbeliever, heathen versus
Christian. The contestants were
monks sworn to teach the doctrines
of the Prince of Peace.
This happened only a short time
before the anniversary of the first
Easter day, when the Saviour of the
race rose from the dead.
In the centuries that have elapsed
the last resting place of the founder
of the faith has never known a ces
sation of strife. Those monks who
battle to-day are only carrying on the
strife that the crusaders caused to
rage around the holy edifice. Vo
The bone of econtention is a desgire
to control the sainted sepulchre.
It was this ambition that brought
the crusaders swarming from all
Europe, and now a form of the'same
desire has the monks of the Francis
can order and the Armenian branch
forever at each other's throats.
They quarrel over the right to
sweep off the steps, and the Greeks,
though they had little part in bring
ing the tomb of Christ under Chris
tian control, have profited so skill
fully by the quarrels of France with
Turkey that they have ingratiated
themselves with the pasha till he is
regarded as their silent ally. .
In this last battle one sacristan
had his skull smashed in with a
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heavy censor, and a number of com
batants went to hospitals for treat
ment., So frequent have the quar
rels been in the last decade that often
Turkish soldiers have been forced to
intervene.
French, Greek and Italian consuls
have at times been dragged into the
controversies that resulted from
these outbreaks.
Apparently no permanent peace is
ever to come to the tomb of Him,
who, as His cardinal doctrine, taught
the law of peace.
For the events that made the tomb
of Christ a permanent battle ground,
the devout Helena and the Emperor
Constantine are indirectly respon
sible, though the notives that led
them to Jerusalem were the holiest.
First Helena embraced Christian
ity, jand then converted her son, th:
Emperor Constantine.
Once in the faith he made it his
resolve that Jerusalem, city of the
holiest deed in the world’s history,
should not Le neglected.
With reverent care, Constantine
and Helena sought out all the spots
that were identified with the Holy
Passion, and erected on them
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TOWER AND FACADE OF THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE.
churches and suitable memorials.
Over the spot where the cross was
discovered a chapel was erected, anld
the sacred wood itself was retained
in Jerusalem by Helena and placed
under the great bascilica or church
erected by Constantine over the place
of Christ’s burial.
- The erection of these buildings,
particularly the church, made Jeru
salem & place of pilgrimage, such as
it has remained to this day.
. For 300 peaceful years the eross
remained at the basilica, and nothing
but the worshiping songs and pravers
of the faithful resounded over the
sacred stones.
+ln 614 warfare and slaughter
came upon the holy spot. Jerusalem
was stormed by the Persian king,
Chosroes 11. The Christians made
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their bravest defense at the door of
the church, but were defeated, and
the tomb of the Saviour was the
prey of heathen.
Fourteen years later the Emperor
Heraclius regained possession of the
tomb for the Christian faith.
Only for nine years was peace to
reign over the place of contention,
the favorite battlefield for heathen
and Christian, and in 637 the Caliph
of Omar conquered it.
Then came another 300 years of
comparative silence. The tomb was
under heathen domination, but at
least no battles raged around it.
From this period the sacred buildings
emerged to become the centre of Ti
tanic upheavals that convulsed the
entire world.
These battles arraved the Waest
against the East, and caused the spill
inz of occans ot blood. They repre
sent the longest continued and most
costly conflicts in war’s bloody pages
—the crusades. '
In 1077 the tomb had passed under
the domination of the Turks. The
cruelties practiced by the heathens
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CAVE IN WHICH CHRIST IS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN BORN—
CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY.
on pilgrims who went to pay homage
to the place of sepulchre, finally
aroused Christian Europe to the
wrong of letting the Turk maintain
his sway.
After Urban II became ‘pope a
mighty movement began to take
form. Much of the agitation' re
sulted from the fiery zeal of Peter
the Hermit, who traversed Europe
and produced the most extraordinary
enthusiasm.
As soon as the feelings of Europe
had been sufficiently heated two
councils were held; the result was the
first crusade. Soon 6,000,000 sol
diers were in motion toward Jerusa
lem, commanded by Godfrey de
Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, Hugh
the Great, the Duke of Normandy,
Count Robert of Flanders and Vohe
mond, under whom was Tancred.
Battles on the way and never
ceasing ravages of disease reduced
the ranks of the crusaders till only
a fraction of the first force remained.
On the 28th of June, 1908, the Chris
tians defeated an army of 200,000
Mohammedans and on July 15, 1909,
the final battle fought in Jerusalem
and raging all around the sacred
tomb, saw the object of the crusade
successful, and Christ's last resting
place once more restored to Chris
tian control,
Not for long was it to remain thus.
For fifty years the newly formed
Christian government in charge of
Godfrey de Bouillon suffered under
repeated attacks of Egvpt and Syria,
until finally it was forced to appeal
for help to Europe, which resulted
in the second crusade.
A 2/ AN EASTER LAY. @j
'?Q%:N Easter lay, low, sweet alf E
-3 clear,
Falls softly on the raptured ear,
- Flow'rs ope their petals, bright
with dew,
j Togreet its dulcet notes anew— \
The earth awakes to spring’s glad
cheer.
'The gayest herald of the year,
‘ When April sheds her silver tear,
Borne to the skies’ cerulean
| " blue—
| An Easter lay. -
Mirth reigns; for Lenten days so
drear .
Are gone. The clamorcus chantie
cléer, !
With stately mien, appears in’
view,
And, joyous, joins the revels,’
| too.
Lo! good Dame Partlett brings us
here,
4 An Easter lay, (-
\ ZUGENE GEARY. /
e
Victory after victory perched on
the banner of the Saracens who,
under the great Saladin, defeated the
Christians in a battle of frightful car
nage.
On that day, the sth of July, 1187,
the cross was lost to the Christians,
and though in subsequent struggles
the tomb was retaken the cross has
never been recovered, :
Frederick Barbarossa, Philip II of
France and Richard th> Lion Hearted
of England headed another effort, but
it failed. >
Later Emperor Henry IV made a
fresh effort to take back the tomb,
and it succeeded, but on his death in
1197 the Turks again came into con
trol.
Innocent 111 proclaimed the cru
sade that again brought strife to the
sacred tomb.
Fifty thousand children from
France and Germany, fired with re
ligious zeal, made an attempt in
1212, but all were lost by shipwreck
or sold into slavery.
Frederick 1I gained possession of
Jerusalem in 1228, and through a
truce kept it in peace for ten years.
Several other attempts to hold the
city were unsuccessful, and finally in
1291 the sultan took possession of
Acre and the Christians were finally
driven out of Syria.
Even the end of the wars between
the infidels and the Christians did
not bring peace, for the Saracen con
trol -was disputed by other heathen
nations. The Mamelukes took the
city in 1382. The Turks recovered
it in 1517 by the valor of Sultan Se
lim. The son‘of this leader, Soliman,
built the wall that now surrounds the
city.
At last, being unable to occupy the
‘home of the scenes of the Holy Pas
'sion, the Christian nations made an
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agreement with the sultan by which
they ceded his right to control, but
got in return permission to worship
there and to have the sacred basilica
in charge of Christian priests.
But. even this has not brought
peace to the tomb, and Easter, 1908,
still finds strife and hatred where
only love and worship should be.
Let me arise. Roll from my tomb
The sealing stone of sin;
Release my soul that hath been shut
So long therein;
Let me .come from the grave without
The envelope of erippling doubt.
