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“HAPPINESS NOT THE
SUPREME END OF MARRIAGE,”
Says Felix Adler, Who Fin—ds—in the Divorce
Records a Sign That Americans Need a
“New Doctrine of Marriage” and a Better
Understanding of the Real Power of Women
*“*What we need is a doctrine of
marriage. At present there is no ad
equate doctrine of marriage. One
trouble with modern marriage is that
the masculine element predominates
in the ceremonial. Neither the hus
band should obey the wife nor the
wife the husband. They are equals.
I do not deny that they are different
in mind and temperament, but they
contribute equally an indispensable
influence on civilization, though in
different ways.” ;
This statement, issuing from Dr.
Felix Adler, leader of the Society for
Ethical Culture and author of many
books, that we need a doctrine of
marriage is certain to excite contro
versy, and coming in the wake of
the divorce report of the Census Bu
reau of Washingten, is sure to cre
ate widespread interest and attention.
These are the figures: From 1887
to 1906, a period of twenty years,
there have been 1,300,000 divorce
suits brought in the United States.
In the twenty preceding years, from
1867 to 1886, there were 320,000,
or 1,000,000 lower. «This is an av
erage increase of 50,000 divorces a
year in the United States, Of these
1,300,000 suits for divorce mnearly
900,000 have heen granted, and a
whole army of clerks and investiga
tors has been employed by the Cen
sus Bureau getting in order the com
plete official report. One hundred
and forty clerks are still employed
by the department, and at times the
Census Bureau has had three thou
sand and more investigators and
clerks working on this report.
The divorce question is being’agi
tated on all hands, and political econ
omists consider it to be one of the
most vital of all sociological prob
lems,
“A short time ago I saw an ac
count in the papers,” Professor Adier
continued; “‘in which a young woman
in Chicago received her fifth divorce.
She was only sixteen when she mar
ried, and she soon was divorced, but
she remarried her husband. The
second marriage did not last very
much longer than the first. She then
took a second husband, but she soon
became divorced from him to remarry
her first husband. No sooner had
she returned to him than she di
vorced him again, and although she
married a third husband the courts
have just declared her free.
“The popular way of explaining
the difference between men and wom
en is often misleading,. We say wom
en have great intuition, but we deny
‘them great reasoning power. We
say that men have the gift of sus
tained and strenuous reasoning, but
we deny them swift intuition..
;. “We say that women observe the
details of things better than men can
but that they cannot apprehend uni
versal truths of science and philos
ophy as men can. We say women
particularize; men generalize. We
say women are all feeling, that they
depend on their emotions and im
pulses, whereas men act on cold, hard
scientific principle.
“It is not exact to make such dis
tinctions, nor are they very satisfac
~tory. Women are intellectual as well
as emotional. Some women in ihe
past have shown themselves equal to
the most difficult intellectual feats,
and if there have not been greater fig
ures among women in art and science
‘and philosophy it is perhaps only be
cause they have not had the oppor
tunities that men have had, and not
because they are naturally incompe
tent to rise as high as men.
“Men also are capable of the finest
and most delicate emotions. If they
were not, how shall we etplain that
the greatest interpreters of the emo
tional life, the great poets, the great
musicians, have been men?
“This is what I consider to be the
right relation between the man anad
woman. This is what they should
do for each other. The woman should
rouse all the dormant intellectual en
ergies, all of the inmost capabilities
of the man, so that he can appreciate
the needs of humanity and work for
it.
““The woman by her spiritual in
fluence over the man shall tend to
develop in him that love of obedience
which submits through love of what
is right and not through fear. :
““‘She shall become his bride in mat
ters of intellect and of morals, not by
any formulated code, but by the
things that she approves or disap
proves. On the other hand, mwan
should by his intellectual influence
on woman widen and deepen and
cause her to raise continually the
standard by which she judges him.
‘‘People should not marry without
a -thorough understanding of each
other’s disposition and character. In
fact, marriage should not be entered
into without a thorough understand
ing on the part of both the man and
Wwoman as to what the institution sig
nifies. There are spiritual meanings
to marriage. The feelings need to
be instructed by the far seeing mind.
““The old idea of marriage was in
culcated and secured through two:
fundamental principles — absolute
submission to parents and the under
standing that marrigae was to be per
marent. Under present conditions
these are no longer tenable in the old
way, for the first was foundad on the
sdea that the child had no rights cf
its own except through itsoparents.}
Its position was one of subservience, |
of unquestioning obedience to the‘
parents, and as regards the perma
nence of the marriage tie it was
chiefly a hond that tied the woman
to the man.
‘““Her position was one of subordi-:
nation., To-day we admit that the
child has rights which we are bound
to respect and that the woman is the
equal of the man.
‘““The place of woman is to human
ize science. She s to set his tasks.
She is to inspire him to express all
that is best in his soul and mind.
Women have always inspired great
men to develop what was best in
them.
‘“The one great flaw in modern
marriage is that we are losing sight
of the social significance of it, be
canse we look at it as a matter of
individual happiness. Love has to
be reinterpreted. The popular con
ception of love is that of a purely ro
mantic passion. This is not real love,
and when the first glamor has worn
off, there is bound to be disillusion
and discord.
“Thedifferenceof real and romantic
love is that, under the deceptive light
of rcmance, the lover sees in the ob
ject of his affections an exaggerated
perfection which does not exist.
““Happinass is simply an incident
in marriage and it cannot be made
the supreme end without arriving at
the intolerable position, that couples
may part as soon as their happiness
ceases. The great end of marriage is
the perpetuation and development of
the spiritual life of the race.
‘““The good us society demands that
we counsider marriage a permanent
bond. The individual's happiness is
not of as much account as the wel
fare of the race. I deny emphatically
that happiness is the highest aim of
marriage.
‘““Marriage is a natural tie, and to
consider it apart from the perfecting
and propagating of the race is ‘o mis
understand it. I believe in separa
tion, but never in divorce.
‘“People enter into the married
stute nowadays with no other thought
than that of their own private bliss,
and leave the social side of the family
to blind chance.
‘“T'he true purpose of marriage is
the growth of character, of the feel
ings, of the whole nature in the
higher direction.
“‘Plato believed that man and wo
man represented each one-half of a
'soul distinct from the very begin
ning to make a whole. Marriage is
designed to harmonize whatever dif
ference in temperament and taste
there may be between a man and a
woman.
“No matter how accidentally they
first met, with the help of the ethical
ideal, a permanent union can be es
tablished. It is very seldom that a
man and a wife match each other
so perfectly that they realize Plato’s
dream. The vision of Tennyson, ‘She
shall set herself to him, like perfect
music unto noble words,” is seldom
realized.
“I do not deny that there are great
disparities, profound incompatibili
ties between husbands and wives,
just like two persons whose gait is
different when walking. One takes
a long stride and the other a short
stride; but I maintain that where
there is a serious sense of duty,
where the ethical ideal is strong,
these disparitics can be eventually
overcome.
“Marriage should be permanent,
for the sake of the children. Where
husband and wife disagree they
should make supreme efforts to come
to an agreement for the sake of their
children.
‘A child needs both its father and
its mother. The greatest happiness
in marriage comes to those who do
not make happiness the supreme aim.
“The best happiness is that which
comes incidentally in the pursuit of
growth and development. -
“The best thing that husbands and
wives can do for one another is to
bring out the highest manhood and
the highest womanhood each in the
other, /
“The sccial side of marriage and
the individual side of it are not con
tradictory of cach other. It must not
be said the individual is sacrificed to
a social end. The individual achieves
his own highest good here as else+
where in serving the social good.”’—
From the New Ycrk World.
S ——
The Reason,
Wiggins (to his new neighbor's
gon)—"Where did you live bhefora
vou moved here?”
Johnny—*‘Louisvillee. We moved
there from Memphis, and before that
we lived in Mohile.”
“My! Your folks move around
some, don't they?”
“Yes. We're huntin’ for a place
where pa’ll find it easier to work.”’ -
Woman’s Home Companion.
. For Methers,
Don’t forget that you are, or ought
to be, your children’s ideal of all that
is perfection, and that it is your duty
to live up to their ideals in every pos
sible way. Not an easy tagk, but
wonderfully inspiring,
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New York City.—The coat that 1s
made in butterfly style, or with the
sieeves that are cut in one with it, is
peculiarly becoming to young girls,
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while it is in the very height of pres
ent styles. This one is shown in
striped material and is, perhaps, es
pecially effective when such material
{s used, but it is quite correct for
everything seasonable, the pongees
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and silks that will be so extensively
worn throughout the warm season, as
well as for the wool suitings. The
vest portions and the prettily shaped
collar and cuffs allow of effective con
trast and can be utilized in a variety
of ways. In this instance plain cloth
js braided with soutache and trimmed
with bits of velvet, hut banding would
be quite correct.
The coat is made with fronts,
backs, the under-arm portions and
sleeves. The sleeves are arranged
under the pleats and joined to the
under-arm portions and finished with
roll-over cuffs. The vest portions are
stitched to the fronts and the collar
finishes the neck.
The quantity of material required
for the sixteen year size is three and
seven-eighth yards twenty-one, two
and three-fourth yards twenty-seven,
or one and seven-eighth yards forty
four inches wide, with one-half yard
fifty-two inches wide, or two and five
eighth yards of banding two inches
wide for vest, collar and cuffs.
Shoulder Seam Important,
The new shirtwaist is distinetis>
on account of the width of the
shoulders. Do not imagine for onse
moment that this effect may be ob
tained by cutting the shoulder seam
extra long—-that is to say, by runnlng‘
it down on the arm. It can’t. The‘
proper width must he given by the
correct line of the shoulder seam,
otherwise the sleeve can not be prop
erly put in and will droop in an ugly
way over the arm, giving an ill-fit
ting, thoroughly home-made appear
ance to the shirtwaist.
Bead Bags in Fashion. &
That bead bags keep in fashion is
not to be wondered at since the flow
er dress-borders upon skirts as well
as other skirt trimmings in embossed
rows give to the bead bag, in its soft
1y blended variety of colors, its vea
son for hanging from the belt or be
ing carried gracefully. Both bag
and bead-trimmed skirts are re
vivals of old days.
Tucked Shirt Waist.
The waist that is trimmed with
buttons is one of the novelties of the
season and is exceedingly effective.
This one is tucked in a way to be so
treated with exceptional success and
is exceedingly chic and smart, while
it is absolutely simple. In the illus
tration white linen is trimmed with
pearl buttons, but colored linens and
white materials striped with color
both are being extensively used this
season, and the cotton voiles are
much liked for shirt waists. Again,
if button trimming is not liked, discs
could be embroidered either with the
same on contrasting color and give
an exceedingly smart and altogether
up-to-date effect with very little
labor, the simple shirt waist that is
treated in this way being one of the
notable features of the present
season.
The waist is made with fronts and
back, It is tucked to give exceedingly
becoming lines to the figi;(zvuxld is
finished with a neck-band and with a
separate turn-over collar, hut if liked
a regulation stock can be worn in
place of the latter. There are the
usual shirt sleeves that are finished
with over laps and straight cuffs.
The quantity of material required
for the medium size is three and one
half yards twenty-one or twenty-four,
three and three-eighth yards thirty
oy
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' The Engineer.
By C. W. BAKER.
!(Adt}ress to the Engineering Gradu
( ates of Vermont.)
{ Itis held in certain circles, T know,
[that the old-time culture studies—
l3o called—have some magic influence
l‘in upbuilding character—prodnucing
[men. It is tacitly assumed that your
‘schools of engineering anl chemistry
and technology have no such high
]aim. It is a common argument that
ifixese schools of engineering and the
‘lndustrial arts must be maintained
in order to produce the trained men
[necessary for foremen and superin
| tendents and managers.
! All this is true enough; but is it
| the whole truth? Are the engineer
|ing colleges and the technical schools
] training students solely for the bene
[ fit of milis and factories and mines
land railways? llf this be so, then
| Your engineering school stands on a
(level with the blast furnace and the
Icotton factory. It is just one wheel
in the huge industrial machine.
'There is no more reason for adding
| the graces of architecture to the
i buildings that house it than there is
| for decorating a sawmill,
| I stand here to make emphatic de
| nial of such a doctrine. Our techni
-Ical schools are not built merely {o
| furnish brains for the operation of
irallways and factories. It is just
as important that the graduates of
l our technical schools be men of char
| acter, fit for social, economic and
political leadership, as it is that they
be expert in their profession.
Our universities have won thelpr
| well-deserved laurels, not by training
| engineers, or chemists, or even schol
ars, not even by training preachers
or teachers, doctors or lawyers, but
| by training men. .
| Our university and all universities
| deserve honor and support—not be
cause they are a necessary wheel in
modern commerce and industry-—not
| because of their instruction in
science and letters—-—but because we
look to them more than to any other
institution to train the men on whom
the future of the nation depends.
If thus permitted I would discuss
with you the claim, to which I have
alluded, that the so-called liberal
education of the past was better fit
ted to upbuild character—to nurture
a high type of manhood—than the
modern education in science and the
arts. This I can tell you, that the
leaders in engineering education are
fully alive to the need that their
|institutlons shall send out men as
i well as engineers., This I can teli
you, too: That while no inteélligent
man can doubt the value of the so
called culture studies, they are being
pursued by many youths to-day with
no resultant effect.
You younger men may some day be
more thankful than you are now that
in the engineering schools the gospel
of hard work has always obtained. If
the rigid requirements of the engi
neering schools have driven the gild
| ed youths to seek the easier courses
of the arts department, that, I take
it, is another reascn why we may
look for high standards of life and
conduct among the engineers now
i coming on the stage.
| Still again, say what you will of
l the engineering course or any other
courses of study, I can testify from
la wide acquaintance among engi
| neers of the United States, extending
| over more than a score of years; I
| say to you that I know of no set
| of men who possess in greater degree
| the qualities of breadth of outlook,
‘ high sense of honor, fidelity to duty
and loyalty to principle than the
’members of the engineering proses.
‘ sion.
e ——————————— "o
| The Illegible Three Words.
| Representative Cushman, of Wash
' Ington, came to Speaker Cannon with
a letter written by the Speaker him
l self.
[ “Mr, Speaker,” he said, I got this
| letter from vou vesterday and I
| couldn’t read it. After I studied it
' quite a spell I showed it to twenty or
[ thirty of the fellows in the House,
| and between us we have spelled out
i all the words except those last three.
| We can’t make them out. I want to
' know if you won’t translate those last
| three words?”
| Uncle Joe took the letter and stud
| ied it.
‘1 “Those last three words that stuck
| You and everybody else,” he said,
| “are ‘Personal and Confidential,’ ’'—
| Chicago Evening Post.
1 A Difference in Nations,
‘ The difference between two great
| nations can bhe illustrated by the co
-1 incidence that at this moment both
| France and England are engaged in
| discussing the memorizal of a literary
| man. France is considering the cela
| bration of the late Zola, Ingland is
considering that of the recently de
| funct Shakespeare.—@G. K. Chester.
| ton, in the Illustrated London News.
| A L
j Appreciation of Genius.,
! It was a genius who said: “Only
genius can recognize genius.” The
| muititude, or generality of “lookers
i on” may enjoy, admire, appraise or
| applaud-—but only the few initiated
! can truly appreciate the worth of a
| great artistic production. For it is
| one thing to enjoy, another to appre
| ciate a work of art, whether his
§ trionie, pictorial, musical or literary,
' Breaking It Gently,
i “Pardon me, sir,” began the portly
| berson in the railroad train to theo
{ man who gat next to him, “but what
would you say if I sat on your hat?”
"“Suppose you sit on it and then
| ask me,” suggested the other.
i “I did,” admitted the portly person
i calmly.—Harper's Weekly,
ONBOP UARSY
PR S PA NN
FUSC g@'iam:
R oo
A new theory by the British Medi~
cal Journal is that persons resem
bling each other suffer from the same
diseases.
| A new wire of special advantage to
~electrical industries is obtained by a
Parisian metallurgist through a per
“fected process of welding copper to
steel wire. Great conductivity is
combined with tenstile strength and
[ elasticity, giving a wire stronger than
copper and smaller and less exposed
to wind action than iron or steel of
‘ the same capacity.
It the sun were blue there would
be only two colors in the world, blue
and black; or if it were red every
thing would be red or black. In the
latter case there would be red snow,
‘ red lilies, black grass, a black clear
sky and red clouds. There would be
a little variety, however, if the sun
were green. Things that are now
vellow ‘would still remain that color,
but there would be no reds, purples,
orange or pinks and very few of those
cheery hues that make the world
bright and pleasant. Besides color
the temperature of this earth would
be very much changed.
The Brazilian Minister of Marine
has interested himself in the subject
of illuminated acetylene buoys for
use on the coast. The type of buoys
is that lighted by acetylene which
will burn continuously for six months.
The largest of the buoys-is situated
at the mouth of the Amazon and
weighs complete about twenty tons.
The use of twenty-five lights of this
character and varying in size is con
templated at different points along
the ocean ccast.
A wave motor in operaticn on the
coast north of Santa Cruz, Cal., was
invented by E. J. Armstrong. Two
wells, open to the ocean at the bot
tom, are sunk in the cliff to below
low water mark. In one, a counter
balanced float, rising and falling with
the waves, operates a force pump
plunger in the cther well, which is
capable cf driving a four inch stream
to the 5000 gallon tank standing 125
feet above. In ordinary weather the
pump fills the tank in an hour, in
stormy weather, in thirty-five min
utes,
The London Evening News de
scribes a torpedo invented by Grin
dell Mathews which the inventor says
can be controlled absolutely up to a
distance of seven and one-quarcer
miles, and which can be exploded by
concussion or at any moment desired
by means of the wireless telegraph
system? No connection to guide the
instrument is necessary betwesn it
and the torpedo boat from which it
is discharged. The inventor also as
serts that he has discovered an elec
trical wave which cannot be inter
tered with, ' 2
e ———————————————————— 2
MALARIA THEORY OF HISTORY.
Medical Critic Has New Reason For
Downfall of Greece and Rome.
W. H. 8. Jones has advanced 2 new
! theory as to the cause of the decay of
ancient Rome and Greece. He as
signs it to the spread of malaria and
gives some interesting evidence. Prac
tically the first occurrence of the
]Greek word for malaria is in “The
' Wasps' of Aristophanes in 422 B, O
and it happens that three years be<
fore that the Athenians had been en
gaged in military operations on the
Island of Sphacteria, now one of the
most malarial spots in the Mediter
! ranean,
The Peloponnesian War goon after
ward led to great tracis of land going
out of cultivation, which would give
the malaria bearing mosquito ample
breeding grounds, When the word
for malaria became common the woird
for melancholia (black bile) began
to appear. By the descriptions of the
Greek medical writers the melancho
lia of the Greeks resembles the men
tal effects of malarial fever. Accord
ing to Hippocrates (fifth and fourth
centuries) it occurg especially in au
tumn-—the malarial season-—and ac
cording to Galen it causes enlarged
spleen, which is a feature of malaria,
These and other evidences lead Mr.
Jones to the belief that malaria be
came prevalent in Greece in the
fourth century B. C., and that the
! change which gradually came over
’ the Greek character from 400 80,
onward was one which would ceriain
l Iy have been zided and was in all
| probability at least partially caused
lhy the same disease. The Greeks
' commenced then to lose much of their
| intellectual vigor and manly strengtn.
Home life took precedence of city
life. Patriotism decayed and lofty
aspirations almost ceased to stir the
hearts of men. Dissatisfaction and
querulousness are marked characier
istics of that age.—London Corres
spondent of the New York Sun.
—_-’_—_'——-——-——~
Wherein Success Lies,
He has achieved success, deciares
Mrs. A. 8. Stanley, who has lived well,
laughed often and loved much; who
has gained the respect of intelligent
men and the love of little children;
who has filled his niche and accoms
plished his task; who has left the
world better than he found it, wheth
er by an improved poppy, a perfect
poem, or a rescued soul; who has
never lacked appreciation of earth’s
beauty, or failed to express it; who
has always yaoked for the best in oth
erg, and given the best he had; whose
life was an inspiration; whose mem
ory a benediction,
