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Southern Agricultural Topics.
Modern Methods That Are Helpful to
Farmer, Fruit Grower and Stockman.
About Sheep and Goats.
One or two bushels of cottonseed
winters a goat in good order.
Do not keep too many sheep; keep
only the best, and handle them with
care.
It is hardly to be expected that a
ewe over five years old will be a good
breeder.
Rye gives good sheep pastures,
gives it early, and sheep do better
with a variety of food.
Even hogs do not do well in filthy
surroundings, and with sheep clean¬
liness is a much stronger point.
Old sheep pastures may be so full
of parasites that profit from young
lambs grazed on them will be im¬
possible.
Increase in weight can be gotten
with sheep very cheaply if gotten
while they are lambs. The big mar¬
kets pay long prices for early lambs,
also.
There is a very wide difference in
the amount of the fleece that can be
sheared from different strains of An¬
gora goats. Learn what kind you are
buying.
A good woven wire fence with
which some barbed wires are used
will do much to keep dogs and wolves
out of the pasture, but it will not
always keep them out.
If sheep are not changed to new
pastures, the land will become infest¬
ed with parasites till there will be so
many sick sheep that there will be
little profit.
Do not cross one kind of pure sheep
on another pure breed, but grade up
the native flock by the yearly use of
a pure-bred ram and always have him
of the same breed.
When comfortable quarters for
sheep can be had at such small cost,
it is unwise to let these money-mak¬
ers remain exposed to the cold winds
and soaking rains of winter.
Select males of good quality and do
it every year. It will double the in¬
come from a flock of native sheep,
and it is much more pleasant to
pocket two dollars in the place of
one.
If goats are not kept where they
can do no harm, they may be nui¬
sances. They find just as much pleas¬
ure in eating young cotton stalks
or skinning a fruit tree as they do in
destroying weeds.
Feed and breed sheep for early
maturity of the lambs. Whether a
lamb is to be sold when two months
old or is to be kept longer, remem¬
ber that developing it rapidly during
the first eight weeks after it is born
moans good returns.
Some have pronounced goats a
failure in clearing up brush land, be¬
cause a small number did not kill
the brush on a large acreage in one
year. Too much was expected.
Brush may put out new growth more
than once after the buds have been
eaten off, and the goat must have an
opportunity to eat the buds often
enough to stop further growth.
Goats prefer weeds to grass; and
a pasture with a few goats in it will
carry more horses or cattle than the
pasture would without the goats, if
there are not so many goats that they
destroy all the weeds and brush
quickly and have to eat grass that the
larger stock prefer. It is not hard to
see that if weeds and bushes are kept
in control more grass will grow.
A net wire fence is better than any
other for goats and sheep. Have the
netting two feet or two feet and a half
high, in addition to about four barbed
wires. Four barbed wires can be put
I. on top, or three on top and one be¬
low. The latter arrangement is bet¬
ter when the fence may be used where
' hogs might try to work under. No
kind of small stock will get into so
much trouble or do themselves so
much injury if woven wire is used in
part, as if the whole fence is made of
barbed wire.—Progressive Farmer’.
How and Where to Build.
Too often the location of the poul¬
try house is thought to be of minor
importance, and consequently is given
less consideration than that of any
other farm building. Frequently the
other buildings are located first and
the poultry house then placed on the
most convenient 3pace, when it should
have received consideration before
the larger buildings were all located.
In caring for the various classes of
livestock, the question of labor is al¬
ways an important item, and the class
that requires the closest attention to
petty details, as a rule, requires the
greatest amount of labor. As poultry
keeping is wholly a business of de¬
tails, the economy of labor in per¬
forming the necessary work is of'
great importance.
As it is necessary to visit poultry' j
houses several times each day in the i
year, convenience is of mqre import-;
ance than in case of almost any other j
farm building. The operations must!
be performed frequently, so that any j
little inconvenience in the arrange-;
ments of the buildings will cause not j
only extra expense in the care, but in
many cases a greater or less neglect
of operations that, ought to be per¬
formed carefully each day.
Poultry houses are likely to be
more or less Infested with rats and
mice, unless some means are pro¬
vided to exclude them, and this
should be taken into account in se¬
lecting a location. It is generally
best to locate the poultry house at
some distance from other farm build¬
ings, especially if grain is kept in the
latter. Convenience of access and
freedom from vermin are two desira¬
ble points to be secured, and they de¬
pend largely upon the location. Ev¬
erything considered, it is safest to
have the house isolated.
A dry, porous soil is always to be
preferred as a site for buildings and
yards. Cleanliness and freedom from
moisture must be secured if the great¬
est success is .to be attained. Without
doubt, filth and moisture are the
causes, either directly or indirectly,
of the majority of poultry diseases,
and form the stumbling block which
brings discouragement and failure to
many amateurs. Where naturally
favorable conditions as to drainage
do not exist, thorough underdraining
will go a long way tow r ard making
the necessary amends to unseen suc¬
cess.
The material to be used in the
construction and manner of building
will necessarily be governed largely
by climatic conditions.
In general, it may be said that the'
house should provide warm, dry, wdll
lighted and well ventilated quarters
for fowls.—By “Uncle Jo.”
How Deep Do You Plow?
I keep seeing statements from peo¬
ple about plowing eight or nine inches
deep, and I am inclined to think they
are reckless statements. Nothing is
easier .than to make an honest big
mistake about the depth of plowing.
I want to give a few figures. In Eng¬
land and America trials have shown
that a good pair of horses or mules
has a good day’s work if kept under
a constant draft at the doubletree of
”00 pounds. Numerous plowing tri¬
als with various kinds of plows have
shown the draft necessary for each
square inch of a cross section of fur¬
row slice turned to range from four
and one-half to eight pounds. That
is, a twelve-inch plow running five
inches deep gives a cross section of
sixty inches. If each of these sixty
inches requires a pull of six pounds,
rather below an average, we have
3 60 pounds constant draft, or more
than a good team ought to do. If a
twelve-inch plow runs four and one
sixteenth inches deeping, cutting a
cross section of fifty inches, we have
exactly what a good pair of horses or
mules ought to do.
Now I want to ask your correspon¬
dents who say they plowed eight or
nine inches deep and their neighbors
if they really worked four extra good
horses or mules to a twelve-inch plow.
I don’t think they did, and, therefore,
I do not believe that they plowed
more than about four inches, which is
really good plowing. Of course, sandy
land would plow with less draft, but
surely sandy land does not need very
deep plowing.
I repeat I am much afraid some
people have been deceiving them¬
selves so much about the depth they
plow, and have been telling big
stories about deep plowing and sub¬
soiling so long that they have got to
believing the stories themselves. Let
us not forget that it probably re j
quires more power to plow in the
South than further North, where
there are deeper freezes.—W. C. Wel
born, Texas Experiment Station.
When Yonr Alfalfa Turns Yellow.
Examine the roots of the part turn¬
ing yellow and note if there are any
nodules on the roots. Then, if there
are nodules on the part that has not
turned yellow, you can take soil from
that part and scatter it over the other
part if nodules are found there, and
in this way inoculate the whole. Scat¬
ter some stable manure on the yellow
part, too, and that will help restore
it. Inoculation with the bacteria that
live on alfalfa roots is important to
its success. On rich soil there may be
a good growth aside from inoculation,
but the success of the crop will be
far greater if the soil is inoculated.
If no nodules are found on any of the
plants you should get some soil from
land that is inoculated, and where
alfalfa has succeeded,as around Hills¬
boro, for instance, and scatter it over
the land to be sown, or that now
sown, at the rate of a barrel per acre.
—Progressive Farmer.
Dog For Sheep.
It is questionable whether one dog
in ten is properly trained for hand
ling sheep. If the dog is first trained
to drive cattle, the task of training
him to drive sheep so that he does
not do more harm than good is prac
tically a hopeless one.
“Extravagance and
National Prosperity.”
By W. E. WALSII.
Automobiles for work represent
national wealth, automobiles for
pleasure represent national poverty.
The millionaire, instead of riding
out on pleasure bent and taking with
him out of useful walks of life serv¬
ants to minister to his pleasure,
might far better address himself to
some of the problems pressing for a
solution. If all put their shoulders
to the wheel the load would be easier
for some, who are now compelled to
do their own and other men's work.
There would be fewer suicides', small¬
er mortality among infants, fewer
penitentiaries, fewer almshouses.
Because of the multitude of people
taken from wealth producing work
to dangle playthings for the rich, the
increase of wealth necessarily goes
on more tardily; the fanner, the arti¬
san, have longer days’ work, and the
song of the shirt is heard in the fac¬
tory at midnight. Put all the serv¬
ants of our rich at wealth producing
toil, and we would have bread for all
the poor, homes for all the homeless,
medicine for all tho sick, railroads to
carry all tho traffic of the nation,
ships to carry all its commerce, good
roads over all the land—in fact, a
higher and better civilization in
every way.
What is true of automobiles is
just as true of other extravagances,
whether of the rich who flash their
jewels, or of the workman who buys
early strawberries at forty cents. In
either case the money could be spent
far more profitably in promoting the
health and physical and moral well
being of our poor. Money expended
in such a way would reach out into
the same uncounted multitude of
channels, and into the same remote
coves and inlets reached by the
money spent on automobiles, and in
addition would serve humanity in its
results.
The real charge, then, against the
reckless and improvident rich, and
against the reckless and improvident
person in any walk in life, is this: A
few are pampering themselves in
idleness. Worse than these, how
ever, are those who are taking their
fellow men from the useful walks of
life to act as their chauffeurs, dress¬
makers, coachmen, valets and serv¬
ants. By so doing they are making
their less fortunate fellow man work
harder to repair the gap—they are
crushing his spirits, thwarting his
ambitions, shortening his life. They
are stunting, intellectually and phy
slcally, the babies of the poor, deny¬
ing medicine to the sick, clothing to
the unclothed, books to the ignorant,
shelter to the homeless. They are
creating squalor and destitution
everywhere. Consequently, there is
to-day no system of charity so com¬
prehensive, no individual fortune so
inexhaustible, as to relieve one-half
the misery of the miserably poor.
The spendthrift millionaires can re¬
lieve it if they will, They are enti
tied to their pleasures, But the man
who keeps ten automobiles and half
a dozen chauffeurs is blighting the
race.
The submerged tenth files on in
ghastly procession, It carries hades
in its centre, and a few feet beyond
its circumference are green fields.
When will the rich man stop to
think?—Harper’s Weekly.
An Early Millais Critic.
Sir John .Millais tells this story on
himself. He was down by the banks
of the Tay, painting in the rushes ot
his famous landscape, ‘ Chill Octo
her, which has thrilled us all with
the ineffable sadness and mystery of
the dying summer, He worked on so
steadily that he failed to observe a
watcher, until a voice said: “Eh,
mon, did ye ever try photography?”
“No,” said the artist, “I never
have.
“It’s a deal quicker, quoth his
friendly critic, eyeing the picture
doubtfully.
Millais was not flattered, so he
waited a minute before replying, “I
dare say it is. His lack of enthusi
asm displeased the Scot, who took an¬
other look and then marched off with
a Parthian shot;
"Ay, and photography’s a mucykle
sight mair like the place, too.”—
Everybody’s Magazine.
Of Course.
“And the streets are paved with
real gold, and there will be music and
flowers, and everything will be beau
tiful! finished the Sunday-school
teacher, who was telling her small
charges of Heaven.
“And now tell me,” she continued,
“what kind of little boys and girls are
going there?”
Nobody knew. Then from one cor¬
ner a small brown hand shot up.
“Yes, Samuel!” the teacher smiled.
“Pleasa, teacher, dead ones!”—
Everybody’s Magazine.
The English Landlord.
In England there has been no agi¬
tation similar to that which we have
known in Ireland, because the English
country gentleman is taught from
childhood to take a more liberal view
of his responsibilities than the Irish
landlord.—Country Life.
Everything to Build With.
We have recently purchased the Harris Manufacturing
Company’s lumber plant and stock and will devote our
exclusive attention to the builders supply busines in tho
future.
Our very complete stock includes
Brick, Lime, Sand, Cement, Fiber Wall Plaster, Paris
Plaster, Laths, Framing—rough or sized to order;
Weatherboarding—several grades; Sheeting. Shingles,
Prepared Rooting, Kiln Dried Flooring and Ceiling, the
kind that don’t crack open—several grades; Doors—
plain, and fancy glass front doors; Sash and Blinds—
in usual sizes; Window Cords, Weights and Pulleys;
Mantels, Columns, Balusters, Brackets, Mouldings,
Wainscoting, Corner and Plinth Blocks; Turned and
Sawed Work Made to Order; Door and Window
Frames; Sherwin-Williams Paint, Oils and Varnishes;
Guaranteed Roof Paint.
IN FACT
Everything to Build Ulitb.
Bring us a list of the material that you want, or a plan of
the house you anticipate building, and let us convince you
that our prices are right.
Fort Valley Lumber Company.
THE LABOR WORLD.
A Central Labor union has been
organized at Auguste, Ga.
San Francisco Barbers’ Union has
a membership of more than 700.
Albany labor unions have erected
and opened a tuberculosis pavilion.
The various central bodies of Or¬
ange County, New York, have joined
a county labor union.
A reorganization of the building
trades unions has been brought about
in Buffalo, N. Y., after many years
of warfare.
It has been decided by the leather
workers to make a universal demand
for tfae eight . hour day within the
uext tw0 yea rs.
\ Jn Liverpool, England, 10,000
i longshoremen are idle, and the docks
; are filled with idle sailors and officers
j looking for berths.
The accident report of the Illinois
Bureau of Labor shows a list of 100
miners killed and 2S7 injured in Il¬
linois from July 1, 1907, to July 1,
1908.
The strike of the operatives in the
textile industries of India has ended.
Low wages and bad conditions of em¬
ployment were the cause of the
strike.
International Cotton Spinners’
Union has presented Samuel Ross,
of New Bedford, Mass., its veteran
secretary, with a silver service of
fifty pieces.
The paper mills of the Interna¬
tional Paper Company in Franklin,
N. H., started on full time, all the
men having voted to accept the five
per cent, cut down.
The spinners and eardroom work
ers in Manchester, England, adjusted
their differences with the manufac¬
turers, agreeing, temporarily, to ac¬
cept a five per cent, reduction.
It was announced that workmen
at the Brooklyn Navy Yard had won
their point and would be paid weekly.
SPORTING BREVITIES.
Catcher Lou Criger is of opinion
that pitcher Jesse Tannehill’s lame
arm is certainly cured,
.T. Mara, of Paterson, won the one
hundred yard championship of the
Eastern Y. M. C. A. at Williard Park,
Totowa, N. J,
The Boston R]o])e is of opinion that
^jj e Cleveland Club pays too much at
t en ti 0 n to picking up outfielders and
not enough to securing competent
pitchers.
Princeton was played to a stand¬
still at football by Lafayette, Penn¬
sylvania was lucky to beat “Penn”
State, and Harvard had a hard time
to beat Williams.
John It. Payne, long a foremost
British yachtsman, is convinced that
if America adopted the rules prevail¬
ing abroad there would be no limit
to international racing.
New York and Pittsburg tied for
second place in the National League
race of 1908. All bets that New
York would beat out Pittsburg or
that Pittsburg would beat out New
York are off.
Captain Currier of the Harvard
varsity baseball team, announced the
appointment of L. P. Pieper, 190 ”,
to be coach of the team next season.
r.'« e P r h yearr ed aS C ° Mh ,0 '' th<!
t t wo
George Gano, a pacer with a record
of 2.03%, by Gamberta Wilkes—
Gredition. by Nnthurst. belonging
to the Christian Hills Stables, was
sqld at Lexington, Ky„ to C. M.
Greenough, of New Hampshire,
$15,000.
After being held for ten years in
Australia, the sculling championship
of England was won back at London
by Ernest Barry, of London, who
easily defeated George Towns,
Australia, by a length and a half
over the Putney-Mortlake course of
four and one-quarter miles. Barry’s
time was 21 min. 12 1-5 sec.
When a boy gees fishing without his
mother’s consent he is at least
of catching something after he returns
home.
______ 7""
Now eometh ,, the .. days . when ^ if you
put a blanket on the bed you melt,
and if you kick it off, you freeze.
W. H. HAFER,
DENTIST,
Fort Valley, Georgia
Office over First National Bank.
C. Z. McArthur,
Dentist
FORT VALLEY, GA.
Office over Slappey’s Drug Store.
A. C. RILEY,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
WRIGHT BUILDING,
Fort Valley, Qa.
Practice in all the courts. Money
loaned. Titles abstracted.
Tire $ Cite Insurance
JL D Skellie
Office Phone No. 54.
FORT VALLEY, GA.
C. L. SHEPARD,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Fort Valley, Qa.
Office Over First National Bank.
TONSORIAL ARTIST
For anything in the tonsorial line
don’t fail to call on
WILLIAMS
Next Door to Post Office.
Experienced workmen and conrteona up-to-d«j)(fc at>
tention to all. Everything
SAM LOO,
FIRST-CLASS LAUNDRY
FORT VALLEY, CiA.
PRICE LIST.
Shirts, plain.............. ,10c
Shirts, plain or puffed with
collar............ , 12 l-2c
Suits cleaned....... 30 & $1
Pants pressed........ 25c
Collars...,............ 2 1-2
Crapes, Collar or tancy 5c
j Cuffs each per pair... 5c
Chemise 10c
Drawers........... 5c
Undershirts....... 5c
i OOCKS, per pair , . . 5c
Handkerchiefs...... 2 1-2
Handkerchiefs, silk 5c
Shirts, night, plain. 10c
Croats.............. . .. 15 to 25c
| Vests.............. ... 15 to 20c
Pants............ ... 25 to 35c
| Towels .‘ i‘,7 ......... 2 1-2 to 5c
rp, 1;” K1 LlOLnS........ ..10 to 25
.
| Sheets............. ......7 1-2
j Pillow cases, plain.. .......5c
1 Napkins..... ......2 l-2c
Bed spreads ........ ..15 to 25c
i p, , ..25 to 50c
DianKetS....
j Lace Curtains..... ... 20 to 25c
Ladies’ shirt waist ... 15 to 25c
Skirts .. 2 ( j to- 35c
| Farmin 9 in New England,
The ^ statement that no one New
I Hampsh je bum i<- mUiy te .uy
. was cut by a 38-year-old mower,
I drawn by a 20-year-old horse, driven
! bv a G3-year-old man will be read
; Wlfil • . Peculiar interest out in ako.a.
| —Boston Globe. .
i