Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

. PRONUNCIATION OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE. ( Continued .J The following Errata occurred in last week’s publication : Ist column, 3d paragraph near the end, for “ that to a be mere ” read “ that to be a mere.” Ist column,last paragraph,3d line,for “ the name ofc, it we attend to analogy,” read “ the name of c, if we,” &c. . 2d column, 11th paragraph,beginning Priscian says, See. for “ coqus ” read “ cocus” 3d column, 13th line from top, for eltter” read “ letter Priscian concurs with Quintilian in regarding the use of the k as an unnecessary irregularit}, and adds that the q would be, in like manner, su perfluous, but that it seems to distinguish words in which the u was silent —as in qui —Irom those in which it was pronounced, as in cui.* “Kenimet Q, quamvis figura et nomine vi deantur aliquant habere differentiam, cum G ta men eandem, tain in sono vocum quam in metro, continent potestatem. Et Iv quidem penitus su pervacua est.” L. I. i. iv. And again : • * * * “quamvis in vatia figura, et vario nomine sint K et Q et C, tamen, quia unam vim habent tam in metro quam in sono, pro una litera accipi debent. L. 1. c. iv. “ Iv. supervacua est, ut supra diximus; quae quamvis scribatur, nullam aliatn vim habet quarn 0.” L. I. c. viii. Most of the other old grammarians concur with Priscian in rejecting the k, except in the case of abbreviations. Donatus, Scaurus, and some others, however, defend the use of the k, which they contend should be employed before a, as the q before u, the c before c , i, and o . But they allege no reason for its use other than the custom of some older writersf If there had existed so sufficient a reason, as that which occasioned the introduction of the k into the English alphabet, they could not have been silent respecting it. [Numerous other authorities, and all of the most eminent character, might be cited in sup port of the foregoing opinions; but one or two more shall suffice for the present. Zumpt (Lat. Gram. §6, Schmitz’ trans.) thus expresses himself—“We pronounce c when fol lowed by c, z, y, ce or ce both in Latin and Greek words, like our s, and when followed by other vowels, or by consonants, like our k. The Ro mans, on the other hand, as far as we can ascer tain, always pronounced c like k ; and the Greeks in their intercouse with the Romans did not hear any other pronunciation. Scheller attributes this corruption to the Frank ish dialect of the Teutonic language. Lipsius ( Dialogus de recta P ronuntiatione Lin gua Latina) expresses himself respecting the pro nunciation of the letter c, in this remarkable man ner. “Pudet non tam erroris quam pertinacice, quia corripi patiuntur at non corrigi, et tenent omnes quod de feudal nemo. Itali, Hispani, Germani, Galli, Brit anni in hoc peccato; a qua gente initium emen dandi ? Audeat enim una aliqua et omnes au dient. As respects q we may add, that although it was usually followed by a second vowel after its u , the older practice of the Romans did not so limit its use. Thus Pcqunia, pcqudcs, qum,equs , are met with.— Key on the Alphabet . ] If the wanton changes we make in the sounds of the consonants rob the Latin tongue of much of its force and energy, our false pronunciation of the vowels is equally detrimental to its eupho ny, and is absolutely fatal to the measure of an cient verse. Such a confusion,indeed,has it intro duced into our ideas upon this latter subject that few persons have any distinct idea of the differ ence between accent and quantity ; and this is true even of many who, if called upon, could define both terms very accurately. The constant habit of observing the quantity of that syllable which gives the rule for the accent, leads natural ly to this result. So far is this the case, that it is customary to call the placing ol an accent wrongly, giving a “ false quantity; ” and such a slip is considered to cast a grave imputation on the scholarship of the offender, who would yet have avoided all reproach, if he had placed the accent of the word rightly, though he had violated the quantity of every syllable. English and Ameri can scholars attach vast importance to this matter of accent; it is indeed the only thing in which they pique themselves upon a conformity with ancient custom. The ear of an English latinist is keenly alive to this horror of a “ false quantity ;” and this, though it is manifest that no one, pronouncing *We reverse this rule. Our pronunciation of cui makes the nominative feminine (qua) the dative. The custom of writing cui with ac, in order to distinguish it from the nomi native, was introduced in the time of Quintilian. He tells us that, in his youth, it was written quoi. It is found on inscrip tions written quoiei, quoei and quei, That the difference be tween the pronunciation of qui and cui was anciently correct ly observed in England is proved by the directions given bv Beda i . his treatise on Othography. ‘•Q litera tunc recto ponitur, cum illi statim U litera et alia quaelibet pluresve vocalos coniunctae fuerint ita at una syllaba fiat cnetera per C scribuntur. Qui llaba per qui scribitur ; si dividitur per cui scribenda est.” fThe origin of this custom was a modo of abbreviation com mon with the Romans, wbicb consisted in denoting a syllable by a single consonant, when the vowel of this syllable was the wrae with that by which the consonant was pronounced in the alphabet. Thus b for the syllable be ; bne was read bene ; c, in like manner, stood for the syllable ce ; but, as the vowel a was contained in the name of the k , this letter was used to denote the syllable ca ; thus era would be read cera : kra , cara. according to the English custom, can read five lines of Latin poetry without giving as many false quantities as he utters words. Is this an exag geration? We believe it will not be found so, when it is considered that ii is only in words having the penultimate long, that we are sure ol having the quantity ot even one syllable correctly given ; and there is still room for one or more errors, according to the number of syllables ol which the word is composed. For example, in divinus we indeed give the quantity of the second syllable correctly, but we vitiate that ol the fiist, making it short, whereas it should be long; and, in the dative and ablative plural ol this word, we add yet another error in the final syllable ; again giving a short for a long, and thus depriving the word of one-third of its just proportion of sound. In words of more than two syllables, where the accent falls on the antepenultimate, it is usual with us to shorten the accented syllable, whatever be its real quantity; as , frigidus, which we pro nounce short, though the accented vowel is long. We except from this rule, however, words in which the vowel of the penultimate is followed by another vowel. In these, we lengthen the accent ed antepenultimate, unless the vowel ol the ac cented sylable be i ; in this case we shorten ii without scruple. Thus, manco , careo , &c., have thcrir first syllable pronounced long, though it is short; while in frigeo , vinca,See. , their first syllable is made short, though in reality long. The alien, as the accented vowel of an antepenultimate is al ways short; the u , on the other hand, in the same position,enjoys the privilege of being always long, whatever its just claims in this respect ; as in du bito, fugito, But, with regard to words of this class, let Mr. Walker speak*. We will only pre mise that the passage quoted was not written, as might be supposed, to warn the student against the errors of the English pronunciation of Latin, but, on the contrary, to instruct him how he may more accurately conform himself to them. These directions are particularly designed, as the preface informs us, for the benefit of self-teaching stu dents, whose undirected reason might otherwise perhaps, have led them to seek the rules of Latin pronunciation in the language itself; or, in the works of ancient grammarians, and who, in the simplicity of ignorance, might even have supposed that quantity had something to do in Latin verse. “ Every accented antepenulate but u, even when followed by one consonant only, is, in our pronunciation of Latin, as well as of English, short; thus fabula. separo,diligo,nobilis,cucumis, have the first syllables pronounced as in the English words capital , celebrate , simony , solitude, Incident , in direct opposition to the Latin quantity, which makes every antepenultimate vowel in all diese words, but the last, long ; and this we pronounce long, though short in Latin. But if a semi-conso nant dipthong succed, then every such vowel is sounded long but i in our pronunciation of both languages ; and Eugancus, Eugenia , f lius, folium, dubia , have the vowel in the antepenultimate syl lable pronounced exactly as in the English words satiate, menial, delirious, notorious, penurious ; though they are all short in Latin but the i, which we pronounce short, though in the Latin it is long.” In words of two syllables it is our custom to make the first syllable long without regard to its actual quantity. The aof vador, I give bail, and of vado, I march ; the e of lego, I read, and of lego, I depute; the i of dico, I dedicate, and of dico, I say ; the 6 of Notus, the South Wind, and of notus , known, receive all the same quantity.— Tho masculine and neuter idem are long alike ; duds, the genitive of the noun, and duels, the se cond person of the verb ; sedcs, thou sittest, and scdcs, a scat, know no distinction. [So also the following words, which were dis tinguished by the Romans in pronunciation, but are not so distinguished by us. Legis, legi, lege , leges, with long penult, from lex, a law, and legis, legi, lege, leges , with short penult from lego, I choose, I read: liber, free, and liber, a book ; solum, neut. of solus, alone, and solum, the ground; voces, vocern, from vox the voice, and voces, voeem, from voco, I call; uti, to use, and uti, that; nit or, I strive, and nitor , brightness, nitens, striving, and nitens, shining, concilium, an assembly, and consilium, deliberation, counsel; regis, regi, rege, reges, from rex, a king, and regis, regi, rege, j-eges, from rego, I rule ; quoque, pro. from quoque, adv.; refert, it con cerns, and refert, he relates; levis, smooth, and levis, light ;pilus, a company of soldiers, and pilus the hair; pila, a mortar, and pila, a ball; populus, a poplar, and poputus , a people; malus, an ap ple-tree, and malus, bad ; malum , an apple, and malum, an evil; annus, a year, and anus, an old wo man ; cera , wax, and sera, late ; ccro, to wax over, scro , to sow, and sero late ; edo, to put forth, to ut ter, and edo, to eat; ccva, a small cow, and sceva, cruel; cella, a cell, and sella, a seat; molita, from molior, I strive, and molita from molo, I grind, dc derc from dedo, and dcderc from do ; moror, to play the fool, and moror, to delay, as (Suet. N era. 33.) “nam et morari eum inter homines c/mme,producta prima syllaba, iocabatur.” This list might be very considerably extended, but examples enough have been adduced to prove how greatly perspicuity would be promoted by a proper attention to the true pronunciation of Latin.] * We refer to Mr. Walker, in this connection, because we observe that his rules for Greek and Latin proper names have been made the basis of the system of pronunciation inculca ted in the grammars used in our principal schools. Mr. Walker is, moreover, we believe, the highest authority for the mispronunciation otwov&s, whether Greek, Latiu, or English. BIABE’S PATENT, FIRE-PROOF PAINT, FROM OHIO. THIS Singular and valuable Substance is sold in fine powder, then mixed with linseed oil to the consistency of thick paint, and applied with a brush, and after an exposure of a tew months to the atmosphere, this coating becomes a perfect slate or coat ol mail protecting whatever is covered trom the action of the weather and fiom fire. It is a mineral substance, and has been found upon analyzation by Dr. Chilton, of the city of New York, to consist of larger pro portions of Silicia Alumine, Prot. Oxide ot Iron and Magnesia, with lesser of Lime and Carbon. It is used extensively for cover ing roofs of either shingles, matched boards, tin, zinc,sheet iron or thick paper, if vourshinglcs have been on for years, you have only to sweep off themossand lint, with astiff broom, and cover with two or three good coats, and in a few months you have a perfect slate roof, impervious to the action of the weather and fire. There is nothing equal to it for steamboats and car decks, for all kinds ot iron, it forms a coating nearly as hard as the iron itself, and never cleaves ofi’. It should be used for everything that you wish to piotect trom fire and weather. In some places a spurious article has been sold as the genuine, therefore purchasers should be careful to buy ot authorized Agents Every Bbl. is marked BLAKE’S FIREPROOF PAINT. The above Paint is for sale by C. A. L. LAMAR sept 13 ts Savannah, Ga. 7 JOHN MALLE RY, DRAPER AND TAILOR, No. 55 Bay street , adjoining the City Hotel , INVITES attention to his Stock of New and Seasonable Goods. now opening, consisting of choice Ready-Made CLOTHING and FURNISHING GOODS, comprising every article of Gen tlemen’s apparel A Iso, a full supply of CLOTHS, CASSI MERES, and VEST INGS, of various, shades and qualities—which will be made to order in the most approved style, by competent and experienced Workmen, warranted to give entire satisfaction, and at Prices to suit the times. oct 18 RICH PAPIER MACHE GOODS.- The Subscriber is open ing a select stock of the above, consisting of Port-Fo lios, Writing Desks, Ink-stands, Ladies’Work Boxes, Cabinets, Albums, Odeur Cases, &c. Also, of Rosewood and Mahogany Desks, neat and low priced Mahogany and Cedar Work Boxes, Card Cases. Porte Monaies, Ivory Tablets, Pearl and Ivory Paper Knives, Pen Holders of new and improved style, very• handsome ; Pocket Books, Pa peteries, Gold and Silver Pen and Pencil Cases, &c., &c. Also a collection of new and handsome Juvenile Books for children of all ages. oct 18 JOHN M. COOPER. DANCING ACADEMY. j\ f ONSIEURA. BONAUD'S Academy will open on Tuesday, IT-L IGtli inst.,ats o’clock, P. M. All his former Pupils are respectfully invited to attend—the German Band being engaged for the occasion. Tuition Days—Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, from five to seven, for young Ladies and Masters. Terms of tuition, sl2 per term. N. B.—Pupils who have been under Mr. B’s care for two terms, will be received in his Saturday class for s"> per term. Gentlemen’s Class for Polka, Waltz, Mazurka, &c. cVc., open same evening as above from 9to 11, P. M. Terms $5 for every Dance, payable in advance, oct 18 SITUATION WAN TED Ay a middle aged man, who has been for a number of years engaged in the Waiehouse of the Central Railroad. Satisfactory references will be given. A moderaie compensation is all that is required. oct. 11—ts FALL AND WINTER CLOTHING. TO the Merchants of Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Ala bama and Florida.—The subscribers having established a house in this city for the sale of READY MADE CLOTHING in connection with an extensive Manufacturing establishment in New ark, N. J., where one of the firm gives his personal attention en tirely to the rnanutarture, while the other devotes himself to the receipt and sale ot the same in Savannah. Possessing these advan tages, we flatter ourselves that we can compete with any establish ment in the United States in Price, style and workmanship, We are now receiving our Fall and Winter supply, to which we invite the attention of merchants, planters, and the public in general, sept 6 PIERSON & HEIDT. R. “s. IIARD WICkT&TCOOKE, FACTORS & COMMISSION MERCHANTS, Savannah, Ga. THE Undersigned have associated themselves, under the above style, in the business above specified. Mr. Hardwick is a Planter of Hancock county, and, of course, identified in feeling and interest with his brother Planters. Mr. Cooke is a citizen of Sa vannah, and is thoroughly acquainted with all the branches of the Commission Business. We are prepared to make liberal advances on produce instore, and will fill orders for Plantation and Family Supplies with scrupu lous care. JVe are mutually bound not to speculate in Cotton or any other article of Merchandise. We respectfully solicit patronage and pledge ourselves to deserve it by faithful attention to the business entrusted to us. R. S. HARDWICK, aug 23 J. G. COOKE. Slaves. PERSONS in the country desirous of engaging in getting out Staves, are informed that the preparation required for foreign export is as follows : To be made either out of White Oak or Water Oak Trees. Length, from 42 to 44 inches. Breadth, not less than 4 or more than 7 inches. Thickness, not less than 1 or more than inches on the thinest part of the thinest edge. The back and edge of the Stave should be dressed down to the same thickness—should have a clear cleft or split, and be free from knots, crooks, and worm-holes. Staves prepared in conformity with this specification will be re ceived at the full market price during the ensuing autumn and winter. Present value, thirty-five dollars per one thousand pieces. Aug 2 ANDRP.W LOW & CO. JOHN A. GEORGE. TIN PLATE, SHEET IRON, COPPER, ZINC AND LEAD WORKER, No. 80, St. Julian Street. THE Subscriber would inform the public that he engages no hands but those who are fully competent to turn out work in .ell branches of his business faithfully and workmanlike, at the shortest notice. Particularly Ship and House Plumbing. A Good Assort ment of Manufactured Tin Ware will hereatter be kept constantly on hand at low prices for Cash. Orders from the County punctually attended to. ly aug 23 Window sashes and blinds.— booo lights,h by 10 Sash ; 2000 do JO by 12 do ; 1000 do assorted sizes ; 100 pair Venetian Blinds, assorted sizes. For sale by 1 Aug 2 J G. FALLIGANT. WANTED TO HIRE—A Negro Boy,about 14 to 16 years old, of good oharacter, and well acquainted with the city. En quire at this office ts octll WHITE LEAD. — IO,OOO LBS. Atlantic White Lead, war ranted pure ; 4000 English do. do. do. For sale by J. G. FALLIGANT. WOOD, WOOD, WOOD. — The subscribers will keep con stantly on hand a supply of the best Black Jack and Oak Wood for sale in lots to suit purchasers. R. A. ALLEN & CO. oct 4 3mo * Turpentine. “I IT BARRELS City Distilled, for sale by 1 Avr Aug 2 j. G. FALLIGANT* HOWARD HOUSE MARIETTA, GEORGIA. ’ WE are gratified to inform the public, and especially t from the low country, that the Howard passed into our agency, we are determined to do awa v * complaints that Marietta does not afford the requisite conv by which visiters vyould be induced to sojourn in this deliuSl!*®** cality. The Howard House is now renovated, and accommodati pared which cannot fail to please. Ihe chambers are p| ej J ns conveniently furnished. The table will be amply suppl I J I, '* | t every luxury the country affords. Attentive servants aie e In short, if agreeable quarters, a well spread table, cleanlm attention, joined with moderate charges, can please, \\q as es,,| H patrons that they will be found at the Howard House. Ure <* se P 6 ’ DI X fletche* Swift, Dcnslow & Webster. DEALERS in Groceries Provisions, p or and Domestic Liquors, Oil, Gunpowder, Shot p and wrapping Paper. Corner of Bay and Whitaker Savannah, Georgia. llee^ DWARO SWIFT, ALLEN A. DENSLOW, * JOSEPH W wr. July 25 ‘ BsT| * “FALL AND WINTER CLOTH L\(T^ JUST received per brig Clinton, a splendid assortment 0 /t Coats, Frocks and backs, fancy Lass. Bants, fancy's; ,, W| N Cass. Vests, together with a large assoitment of Twill i -and Jackets, Satinet Pants and Jackets, Cordernv Beaver Coats, Sacks, Blanket and Flushing Coats and o\erO For sale, very low, wholesale and retail, at No. JO Whitai . IlssePt 1ls- sePt **’ PIERSON fc HEl 'if Dentistry. I'\R. PANCOST has removed to JBrjan street, East sirl.v L/ ument square near (he Slate bank, H i,ere he n.av bt f? at all hours, night or day, fully prepared to wait up 0 „ hisfnead the public generally. 18l fc N. B. Artificial teeth inserted fiom one to a whole set ured to give satisfaction to the wearer. an “ 11, N. B. Chaiges greatly reduced. 6mo ailk (| A €Altaf. - THE undersigned having re-opened, with ~ entire New Stock of DRUGS, CHEMICAIs FANCY ARTICLES, at No. 139 (South side) IW, street, (formerly Walker’s Marble Y ard,) is now ready t furnish any thing in his line, at the shortest notice. sUjn° WATER, made in his own peculiar way, sent to any p„ n of the city', and always to be hud at the store, in the highest star of perfection. b “ 8,11 Prescriptions put up with care and despatch. The subscriber having served the public long mid faithfully respectfully solicits a share of their patronage. tt P r 26 THUS. RYEKSON. To the Planters and Farmers of Souti Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tonn. essee and Florida. T AM THE AUTHORIZED AGENT lor ihe -L sale and purchase of the CAM ELINA SATIVA or I GOLD Os PLEASURE SEED, a native of Siberia. 1 am now ready to fill all orders for the seed, and being au thorised by the Company to purchase the same, I will paytbi highest market, price for all that may be shipped to me io Savannah. WM. HUMPHREYS, Jr., inay 31 Agent for the Company of New York. Situation Wanted. B\ A YOUNG MAN, as Clerk or Book keeper, good references can be given to any person needing hn services. Apply at this office. may 31 CLOT 111 AG. T)ILRSON Sc HEIDT offer for sale Clothing, 1 Wholesale and Retail, at New York prices. No. 1C Whitaker-street. a p r og To lhe Public. THE Subscriber, having entered extensively into the making of BRICK of a superior quality todj manufactured in this city, is prepared to fillorders at the short est notice, and as low as any establishment of the kind in or near Savannah. WM. H. LLOYD. June 21 ROBERT N. ADAMS* CABINET-MAKE It AND UNDERTAKER, No. 93 Broughton St., Savannah, Ga., IS prepared to execute all orders in his lineal the lowest prices, with dispatch. Orders from tile country promptly attended to. Ready-made coffins always on hand, and made to order at short notice. June 28 3mo M. A. ('ohcii. (Late of the firm of S. Solomons Cos.) COMMISSION AND FORWARDING MERCHANT. SAVANNAH, GA. Agent for steam packets 11. L. Cook and Ivanhoe. . may 10 MARSH & WEBSTER, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 175 Bay-Street—Up-Stairs. SAVANNAH, GEORGIA. Mulford Marsh. Andrew M. N\ ebster BOOK AND JOB PRINTING, Os all kinds, executed at Ihia Office, will* neatness nni despatch. HAY 7 ING lately 7” put our Office in complete order and made large additions to it, we have now the most ei tensive Job Printing Office in the City and are prepared to execute all kinds of PLAIN AND FANCY r PRINTING with neatness and despatch, and on the most accomodate terms. Office 102 Bryan-street, entrance on Bay Lane. Savannah, March 22d, 1849. EDWARD J. PURSE- A FRIEND OF THE FAMILY, A WEEKLY SOUTHERN NEWSPAPER, PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY, BY EDWARD J. PURSE. TERMS:—T WO DOLLARS A Y r EA H< Three Copies for one year, or one copy three years, $ Seven Copies, - - _ _ _ . 10 O’ Twelve Copies, - _ _ . _ 15 $ *** Advertisements to a limited extent, will be at the rate of 50 cents for a square of nine lines or less* lor the first insertion, and 30 cents for each subsequent inserti° n Business cards inserted for a year at Five Dollars. iSSF 3 A liberal discount will be made to Post Masters will do us the favor to act as Agents. Postmasters are authorized to remit money to Publiahe * and all money mailed in presence of the Postmaster, duly forwarded by him, is at our risk. EF 3 All communications to be addressed (post-paid) * E. J. PURSE, Svßnnaii *■