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MATTHEWS, NORTHRUP 4 CO., ART*PRiNT|N'j WORKS, BUFFALO, N» Y.
Canty’s division of 3,000 at Resaca,
May 9th; Loring’s of 5,000, at the
same point, May 11th, and French’s
of 4,000, at Cassville, on May 18th —
these three comprising Polk’s corps —
also Martin’s division of cavalry, 3,500,
May 9th ; Jackson’s division of caval
ry, 3,900, at Adairsville, May 17th,
and Quarles’ brigade of 2,200, at New
Hope Church, May 26th.
While fighting around Kennesaw
Mountain, General Johnston also re
ceived re-enforcements of over 3,000
Georgia militia, which Governor Jo
seph E. Brown, the ‘war Governor’
of Georgia, placed at his disposal.
The highest number of men which
Johnston had at any time was 59,248
at Kennesaw Mountain.”— Mountain
Campaigns in Georgia, or JFar Scenes on
the W. & A.
Unable to dislodge Johnston by di
rect assault, Sherman sent McPherson
through Snake Creek Gap, opposite
Resaca, to capture that point and
break Johnston’s communications with
Atlanta. McPherson with 23,000 men
was repulsed by two small brigades
of Confederates, and fell back. Sher
man then moved his whole army
through Snake Creek Gap, forcing the
evacuation of Dalton by Johnston, who
retired to Resaca.
Then ensued the three days’ battles
at Resaca, which ended by Sherman’s
sending a column southward and se
curing possession of Lay’s (or Tanner’s)
Ferry, which movement exposed Cal
houn, a station on the railroad south
of Resaca, to Federal occupation, and
forced the evacuation of Resaca by
Johnston.
The Confederates retreated to Cass
ville, having, however, a sharp little
combat with the pursuing Federals at
Adairsville.
Hood’s failure to obey Johnston’s
orders defeated the latter’s plan for
striking with his whole army one half
of Sherman’s east of Kingston, the Fed
erals in pressing the pursuit being di
vided and coming down two roads sev
eral miles apart.
After spirited and heavy cannonad
ing and noisy musketry firing between
the advanced lines of the two armies at
Cassville, the Confederates abandoned
their intention of having a general en
gagement at this position, and fell
back south of the Etowah river, infor
mation being received that Sherman’s
forces were moving southwestward via
Euharlee and Stilesboro.
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MATTHEWS, NORTHRUP 4 CO.. ART PRINTING WuRKS, BUFFALO. N./.
Then began the New Hope Church
series of battles. There was desper
ate fighting in this vicinity for several
days in May, which ended in the Fed
erals flanking the Confederates out of
Allatoona, and securing possession of
that “natural fortress,” as General
Sherman terms it, and which also en
abled them to restore railroad com
munications with Chattanooga over
the Western & Atlantic Railroad.
Johnston then retired to a new po
sition, his left wing resting on Lost
Mountain, his center on Pine Moun
tain and his right on the ridges just
northward of Kennesaw Mountain.
For about a month there was daily
fighting in this vicinity. The Con
federates planted batteries upon Ken
nesaw Mountain, seven hundred feet
above the surrounding hills.
While Sherman’s superiority of num
bers enabled him, by the extension of
his lines, to force a gradual and con
stant retrogression of Johnston’s, yet
he could do nothing which secured the
THE KENNESAW GAZETTE.
dislodgment by force of the Confeder
ates from their lofty perch on the twin
crests of Kennesaw Mountain, the cit
adel of North Georgia.
On the 27th of June, 1864, ensued
the great battle of Kennesaw Moun
tain, which resulted in a general Fed
eral repulse.
Sherman then made a movement in
heavy force to the southwest, down the
Sandtown road, which, by threaten
ing the Western & Atlantic Railroad
below Marietta, forced Johnston, on
the 3d of July, to evacuate Kennesaw
Mountain and Marietta, and retire to
a new position north of the Chatta
hoochee river.
During this change of position, en
sued the battle of Smyrna, July 4.
After sharp fighting before Johnston’s
entrenchments, Sherman extended his
lines a number of miles northward and
southward, securing possession of
one or two fords across the Chattahoo
chee river. The Confederates then
fell back to the entrenchments around
Atlanta.
The Confederate government, just at
this juncture, took the fatal step of re
moving Johnston from command, and
appointing Hood in his stead. Hood
changed Johnston’s Fabian tactics,
and with an army scarcely more than
half as large as Sherman’s, assumed the
offensive, and the desperate battle of
Peachtree creek ensued on July 20,
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which resulted in a Confederate reverse.
Next followed the battles of the22d
and 28th of July around Atlanta,
and afterwards the fighting along the
line of the Central Railroad at Jones
boro and Lovejoy’s, and the subsequent
evacuation of Atlanta.
During the fall of that year ensued
Hood’s eccentric campaign in Sher
man’s rear over nearly the same ground
through Georgia into Tennessee. Dur
ing these movements occurred the bat
tle of Allatoona and others.
It is proper to state that between
Chattanooga and Atlanta there is not
a mile-post on the Western & Atlantic
Railroad which was not within sound
of musketry firing during the campaign,
and there is not a cross-tie whereupon
one standing could not have heard the
sound of artillery firing.
It may be here remarked that the
Western & Atlantic Railroad was the
means of securing the fall of Atlanta,
and, therefore, to a great degree, the
overthrow of the Southern Confedera
cy. It was Sherman’s only channel
for supplies for his immense army, and,
during the campaign, he hugged it
with a tenacity which showed that he
considered it indispensable to success.
His flank movement through Snake
Creek Gap was to gain possession of it
at Resaca, in the rear of Johnston at
Dalton; his move against Calhoun,
south of Resaca, via Lay’s Ferry, had
the same end in view. Such, likewise,
was his object, in the skillfully-planned
and masterly march and struggles about
New Hope Church, and such was his
immediate aim in the movement south
west of Marietta, after the failure of
his grand and heroic assault upon Ken
nesaw Mountain.
One hundred and forty-five car loads
per day of supplies were needed for the
subsistence of his army during the cam
paign, and over this railroad they were
transported from Chattanooga.
To insure its preservation, as he
progressed farther and farther south
ward, he placed garrisons to protect
each bridge.
Johnston, too, was fully alive to the
supreme importance of this line to both
armies, and, while his constant endeav
or was to protect it behind him, it was
also, his most ardent desire to find
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