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THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION. ATLANTA. GA.. TUESDAY JANUARY 25 1887
FARMS AND FARMERS.
SHORT TALKS WITH FARMERS ON
FARM TOPICS.
XcwX>*«Mko«HI Konara Pat fa Uis Oronnd?-
Uow to Boaters Old «od Xxfctn»to4 I^*d-Cuj-
tiTAUBfi ika reMM-Pk* Atvutarn of
tb* Uw of Ouao-Osbtr Votn.
How Deep Should Manure be Pat la th«
Ground.
A northern farmer would answer, that mv
xuire dors mo^t good spread on the surface.
Why? Realuse his elimste is relatively cob) and
damp, and hia crops arc grass and small grain;
and these are fibrous-rooted plants, whoso feed-
ng roots are near the surface. His plan is to
estter manure on the surface and work it in
with a harrow. Rain water dissolves out the
soluble portions, and carries them down a little
deeper, just about to the depth where tho
roots are most abundant. This is all very
well, and the same method would answer for
grain and grass fields at the south also. But
what of eotton and corn fields? For there,
maoure Is generally put in a furrow, at seme
depth below the surface. Is there a good
reason for that? Assuredly thero is. Corn
and cotton make their growth during the dry*
•stand hottest portion of the year. The sur
face soil is liable to become dry for one, two or
three inches in depth. Roots cannot live io
ibis dry, hot layer of soil—they must go deep
er. The must seek moisture at lower depths.
Hence manure must be put deeper in the soil
to be near tho roots, and to be in contact with
mflinent moisture,- for its solutionsof the ma
nure to be 01 proper strength. Experiments have
khown that one part of manure in one
thousand of water makes a solution most
favorable to the growth of plants; that two
and three parte of manure to ouc thousand of
Water, makes a solution quite healthful to some
plants. It is obvious, therefore, that depth
cnonghto seenro sufficient moisture to make
solutions of proper strength is a very impor
tant consideration,especially where manure ie
massed in a drill, rnfniling moisture for said
purpose cannot be relied on, even during mod
•rate droughts, at a less depth than flonr to five
inches below tho top of the bed, as the 1>cd
stands after the crop has been plowed and hoed
•vcr. This would roqulro that the manure bo
put fully three inches below tho general sur
face before the beds aro made. Now inanuro
ought not to lie immediately upon hard, un
broken soil. It ought to be In a loose layer of
Soil through which water can freely circulate
and the roots of plants readily permeate.
Hence the soil ought to be broken still deeper
than three inches. Five inches is as little as
Will at all meet the requirements of tho case.
Wo conclude then, that tho deeper the soil is
broken, the ilcei>cr manuro may be put in it
for summer crops. Especially is this truu of
clay soils. In loose, saudy soils, manure has
«uch a tendency to sink downward, it uuty bo
placed rather nearer the inrfacc in them than
in those abounding in clay. W. L. J.
W. (K McC-—, Mantua, Ala.: Tim Con-
fmTVTiow will publish ne soon ns It can 1>o
prepared and obtained, tho information yen
ask for concerning premium crops. Cotton
seed, phosphate and kainit in right proportion
Mho as good a fertilizer ns any on the markot
THE FARM QUESTION BOX.
By W. I* Jones, confessed tho highest and safest
acrieultnrai authority in the south, presides over
this department. Ilo solicits practical suggestions
ftora farmers and others Interested.
T. D. 11., ML Olivo, Wayne county, N. C\, Jauun-
xy ft, 1M7: 1.1 pen my sheep on a lot and litter it
with pine straw and woods mold. After it Is well
tramped 1 haul in more. I want td make largo
plies oi It by the flrat of February, and put about
two hundred bushels of 6mton seed and one hun
dred and fifty bushels of stable manure to 4 three
hundred or threo threo hundred and fifty loads of
the manure from tho sheep lot. Would It be advli.
•tie to add Milt, lime, potash or auy other fertiliser
to it if 1 put all or it on eight or ten acres of land
that will make a little over threo-<|tmrtcrs of a bate
•f cotton to the acre? J want to make a halo to tho
•ere on the laud. 2. I want to mix snmo with
woodsmold. Will It lore anything hy using water
to slake It with. 3. I have n mar*h that covers
thrf e quarters of an acre. It is a little nprtheast of
»y fcou'e—about two hundred end fifty or three
hundred yards of tho )iou<«c. 1 want to mako a
Ballpoint of it. Do you think it would injiuo tho
health of the place if I dig a dlte hffour feet wide,
four to five feet deep, in a zigzag manner through
It? 4. WUI carp thrive in this section? ft. Do you
think that soda, potash and magnesia, mixed with
•table manure and rot ton seed. Is as good os
wdva*#« arid phosphate mixed with the same in-
gredidutaf it is much cheaper.
.1, It would bowHl to add about a ton of acid
phevpbato and a half tou of kainit to the other
things named. Balt would not be nccdodif
kainit is used, because kainit contains u good
percentage of salt. Llmo might help to de
compose tho pino straw, and thus servo a good
purpose If scattered over tho lot just aftor a
Arsh lot of pine straw was spread over It.
•• No, the llmo will loso nothing by slakiug
with water. It ought to bo slaked so ns to
bring it into a powder, so that it may bo prop-
trly mixed with tho mold.
*“• l>o not thiuk tho ditch would breed dls-
fuse any moro than tho marsh docs nt present.
4. (tap are said to thrivo very well in all tho
southern state*. *
ft. No. Asarulo phosphate Is greatly supe
rior to the substitutes named.
H. M. Oconee, Ga.: j. Would It l* difficult
to return a Maud of broom corn on laud infested
by “bud worm?*'
2- .Are the seed good on food for poultry and
stack?
8. In preparing for market are the seed taken
•IT, ami how beat •lone?
I. We have uo experience or reports on
this point, but think it protablc the bud
worm would provo troublesome with broom
•era as well os with ordiuary corn.
3. Rroctu corn seed arc good food for poul
try and stock: about the aaiuo as ordiuary
sorghum seed.
3. The broom corn is cut before the seed ma
ture, but the chafl' or hulls are removed he-
fere marketing. Wo arc not advised as to the
Ltd method of doiug this,
•If. A. C., Falrbum, Ga : t. I'lcaxc tell us tho
tbcapeM plan of rcatoriug old and exhausted laud,
fur a t-cnou ot limited menus.
i Would the pecan be profitable on such land In
this couutiy ? If so, how, &ud u hat distance apart
Mh«iM they be planted ?
a. I base twelve or thirteen acres of fre-U np
1 aed.upon which cottou kn* been grown, nud
atom eight that I cleared the past winter, which 1
wUh to plant In cotton thin year.
Cotton upon tills laud unless fertilized, is incite-
cd to grow slender, jbe bolls arc small, hard, black
and do not open fiappy atnl wall.
What does this Indicate as Icing most norc-sary
lB^eparlug a well balanced fertiliser for such
I have fertilized tome of it with cotton reed aud
stable nmuure with moderate results. Guano does
very well, but it seems to t*e deficient In some ele-
MtmU that Is required by the land. Where a trsdi
Us Is burnt it products well.
Would acid phosphate and kainit combined
make a good fertilizer for such laud, where eoa »u
seed and manure was used last year, or on tho u.»v
—bih).
tlrap manure is needed for that purposd—a
compost of woods mold with ashes and lime, la
probably one of the cheapest and best. Lay
off rows three feet apart, put in compost as you
would for cotton, and plant peas about the
first of Jane. Hy early and close siding* with
sweep or scrape, no hoe work will hs required.
Let the peas mature; pick enoagh to rested the
land next year, aod feed off the remainder by
turning hogs on them. In Hcptember sow the
land in rye, one busb**l to the acre. The rye
may be lightly grazed in fall and spring when
ground is dry, but not later than tho first of
April. Allow it to mature seed, cradle it
high, so as to leave all straw possible on tho
Innd and then plant in pens, manuring again
ns before. The peas fed to hogs, and the seed
rye in excels of that required to reseed tho
laud, ought to pay for all manure aud labor.
Keeping up this treatment for three or four
years, such land ought to get in good heart,
and be ready to receive a judicious rotation of
ordinary crojw w ith customary manuring.
2. The pecan would grow very slowly on
such land and take 12 to 1ft years to come into
bearing. If tho laud would grow hickory
well, it would also grow pecans. They should
be planted .'10 feet apart each way, manured
with ashes and woods earth, and cultivated
regularly for some years, or until thoy become
well established.
3. The fact that cotton grows well where
trash piles are burnt, seems to indicate that
potash is the lacking substance. If so, the
usual compost of phosphate, kainit, manure
and cotton seed, would probably give good re
sults. The usual proportion might bo varied—
thus: 200 pounds each of phosphate aud kainit
to 20 bushels each of manure aud cotton scod,
and half of above quantity of tho compost ap
plied to an acre.
II. II. F.. Maple Grove, Cherokee county, Ala —
1. i have nboti* a ton of hen house manure 1 wish
to ute on ration this year. Please let me know
how to manipulate it to the t ext advantage. This
manure has been nicely taken rare of and i» per
fectly dry, having i ecu kept under shelter »11 the
time, sod has nothing In It but the pure dropping.
Will it do to mix ashes with it? Hy spring I will
have a considerable amount of these.
2. How deep should stable immure be putln the
ground and bedded on for cottou?
1. One ton of chicken manure, two tons of
acid phosphate, and otto ton of kainit mixed
togethe r, would mako an excellent fertilizer,
and would suffice for thirty acres moderately
manured; or twenty acres highly manured.
Chicken manure mixed with ashes would make
a good fertilizer also, but thero is danger of the
oldies driving off’ammonia m noon os the mix
ture gets damp. If both manure and ashes
nro perfectly dry, they may bo mixed with
impunity, aud could then be put in drill and
luted on immediately. Thus managed, the
danger of lots would be very small. Rut one
should be vory careful about mixing any am
miniaral manure with ushes.
2. As stated elsewhere In this issue, manuro
ought to be not less tiinu three inches below
the general surface before the land is bedded,
Subscriber, Warren ton, Va.: What Is the proper
time to plant < wage nranga seed in this latitude,
»>ay thirty eight degrees north. How arc the seed
prepared far planting?
The seed aro prepared for planting, hy pour
ing hoi ling water on them and letting them
foak, ssy for n day. They ore then plhntcd
at once before they aro allowed to dry. They
may be plauttd st the tiiuo of the earliest corn
planting.
W. W. E., cascade, Va.—Where can I get a paper
that is published in tho Interoat of tho poultry
trade? Also, where I can buy the moat improved
stock?
Address, Poultry World, Hartford, Conn.
I have about .'"i >»>’ fNofeott.'N reed and a»o .•
the HUB* at stable ur.d I.-t manure |.!wu t- : • •
what I need, and low tome i: ’-•* to • »-c.: al-
Yfcaiai*.
I. First break the land deep, G to > inches,
os the soil on inch laud ;.s u-ualiy thin, do not
torn it ever, but break with a scooter—a tvr >-
kerse scooter is best, but iu the absence of that
•se a long ami very narrow scooter on iron- I
fsit plow. Tim next step It to secure a good I
growth of pens. How tods that moat •eonomi- • "a, lam cf the •pinion that the drflcieacyof pot-
Otflj it a question Ml jet fhliy sslved. A I ato especially, is toe cause of rust in cottou and
U. R.. Griffin, Ga.: Which do you thiuk the bast
for compost, talt or acid phosphate, or both, aud
In what proportion should they be uftd?
Acid phosphate la much hotter than nd^ for
mixing with stall manure and cotton seed.
Where uo kaloit is usod, a little salt may be
added to somo advantage. It has little tnsnurial
value within itself, but serves to induce chem
ical action in other substances, and thus indi
rectly becomes a manuro. Tho usual propor
tion is to sixty bushels of raamiro nud seed odd
four hundred pounds of acid phosphate and
say two hundred pounds of salt.
B. P. Oot list logs Valley, (la.: 1. In your odl
torinh in Tit* Constitution you have a great deni
to say about guano. Please give us your views as
to whether the south has gained anything by Its
uw; and if so In what way has U been beneficial.
2. Please explain bow land plaster benefits crops;
\\ bat kind of crops It helps the most; what kind or
soil Is most benefit ted by its use; what way should
It be applied to obtain the best result?
1. Whether tho south bus, up to tho present
time gained in dollars ami coats by tho uso of
gttano, is quite doubtful. In tho first placo
farmers have generally paid too high’prices
for it, in tho next place they havo often used
it very injudiciously, and lastly, its use has en
couraged excessive production of cottou. But
it does not follow from this, that guano is a
bad thing and ought not to be used. Those
who havo bought and used It judiciously, havo
luado money by it, nud others may do tho
same. The farmer who saves and makes all
tho manure ho can on his farm, nud then
helps it out with somo guauo, if
pursuing tho wisest possible course.
The practice of making composts, which is now
so generally followed, is tho final outcoino of a
long nud rather rostly experience, but if it is
judiciously pursued, will bring increased pros-
pei ity to tho country. But of courso such
practice must go hand iu hand with other
thing*. Exclusive cotton cult mo mast givo
way to raising more provisions and stock, and
rotntiou of crops and rc.riing of land must co
operate with judicious manuring. More cron-
ouy and moro business methods are likewiso
demanded. Iu the absence of these, it is hard
ly fair to lay all the blame on guauo.
2. The actiou of plaster U not well under
stood. ( Sometimes it produces wonderful re
sults; again it utterly fails. Ouo of the expla
nations offered K that it releases and makes
available potash which is locked up iu tho
soil. Sometimes it may supply needed lime
and sulphur, but this canuot well explain itj
vt ry striking auiou in some coses. A prevalent
notion is that it absorbs and fixes the ammonia
of the air. This it may do to a limited extent,
when it is at or near tho surface of the soil aud
is wet. This good work is, wo
think, very largely over estimated.
There is a common opinion that
plaster absorbs atmospheric moisture and
lcmn* the cilccta of drouth, but experiment
pn.ves it to be oue of the poorest absorbents.
\Vo leave off, therefore, by repeating wbat wo
said nt fiibt, that the vrholc matter is involved
iu dcuht aud uncertainty. Whether plaster
will produce g«»od remits or not in auy given
case, (nu be ascertained by trial ouly. One
cannot predict whether it will benefit spar-
titular soil or not. Its effects are most marked
< n clover and other legutuiuous plants, applied
os a top-dressing.
. K. \v.. UuUcge, •..!.—l. Does nltrpgen cute;
tou one t>r Its organic constituents.
, in It of any benefit t.' cotton ur a fertilize:
lit ;i iiuMnxtlou wiih bydnycn fonutm
I cv* net ammonia act upon the organic ele
ment* of the K>U like lime. |>o:a>h and ; oda: but
tnorv |«ouerhtlly. Po those alkalies batten the de
ray of vegetable matter In d.e >oil, rendering it vo
luble in water.
4. Do they combine with the organic acids of the
aoit and do not there alkalies produce other
change* iu organic elements of the sap of cottou,
etc., thus fitting these elements for a«imtlation.
the yellows oi the peach tree. I have no faith in
tho exirtence of spores and rust germs. 1 want
the proof of their existence.
6. Is the soluble bone and potash better than
(simple acid phosphate, for composting with cotton
and stable manure. akS
7, Would the addition of common salt improve*
coropott. if so, bow much should be uwd per 100
pounds of the soluble l>oue and potash.
]. Yes, it does.
2. In combination with oxygen it forms
nitilc acid, and this, uniting with some base,
forms nitrates. These (the nitrates) are the
most active nitrogenous manures—indeed, it is
regarded probable tliat nitrogen in most, if not
nil cases, enters plants in the form of nitrates.
It unites with hydrogen to form ammonia also;
but this ammonia, when in the soil, is constant
ly changing into nitrates.
2. Yes; ammonia acts like potash and soda
on the organic materials of the soil, hastening
their duay and increasing their solubility.
4. Yes; these atlialles unite with the organic
odds of the soil. What spednl changes, if any,
they produce in the sap of plants is not known
ft. Any ono with a very high magnifying
power could show you “spores and germs” in
some forms of “rust,” such as that of wheat
and other grain. Cotton rust is not so clearly
xuado out.
0. No, it is not better; for w hen kainit is
used, it supplies an abundance of potash; and
when it is not, there is a fair supply of potash
In heth manure and cotton *ced.
7. If kainit is used thero is no need for
salt, as it contains a good deal of salt. When
no kainit is used, about ftO pounds of salt to
100 of add phosphate may be put in a comport.
(f. IV. M., Lime Branch, Ga.: 1. I would like to
know what varieties of tobacco would suit this
section best on slaty or gray land? Where can 1
obtain seed? and at what price?
2. Does the Mato chemist make analysis ol sam
ples of mineral ores or waters free of charge?
1. Wc huvo never taken much stock in to
bacco culture, regarding tho crop us very ex
hausting to the roil, and one that required a
very largo amount of expensive hand labor.
Hence wo are not fully infoimcd as to the
best varieties or the dotails of cultivation.
But of course wo should bo glad for our read
era to have all tho information thoy wish on
tbo suited, and would bo obliged to anyone
for answering the inquiries about tobacco.
2. The stato chemist docs not make analysis
free of cost for private parties.
is the kind wc have used for many years andfc
have been well pleased with its workings.
W. R. C., Lisbon, Texas.—Can you tell me how to
kill out Johnson gran, where it is iu bunches over
the field? 1 hare (fug up some, but find It takes too
much time and work; will salt kill It; If so, bow
be ft to apply it? Is alfalfa hard to kill out, if you
want to cultivate after It? ,
It is very difficult to eradicate Johnson grass.
Have never tried salt, but presume it would
kill it, if enough was placed directly over the
lunches. But the salt would also kill the land
for several years. Careful digging is probably
the most reliable plan. Somo alfalfa might
linger for awhile on land that was ploughed
and cultivated in other crops, but not enoagh
to amount to anything. It is in no sense
pc st. Moreover, if ono has a good patch of it
ho would never care to get rid of it.
B. W. 8., Indiantown, Camden, X. C.: Near the
northern limit of cotton ralsi* g, we need an early
opener. What seed would you advise? I see the
J’eterkln advertised in your columns, would they
suit ns? I think any feed from the south would be
an advantage to us.
You need seed from some locality north,
rather than south of you. The farther south
you go, the more slowly cotton matures. Be
ing yourself on the northern limit, you can get
none north of you, but possibly you could get
seed from somo mountain district on your lati
tude. Elevation changes climate, and makes
it similar to points farther north. Of the vari
ous cotton r-ceds advertised for sale, we arc un
able to give their comparative tarlincss, but do
not think tho Fcterkiu distinguished for early
maturing.
THE CHOP REPORT.
r. K. F., Colebrldge, Ala.: 1. I have some half
breed Beikinhe pigs that have every appearance
of bciug foundered. They rcem stupid, aud lio
down oil the time. They retain their flesh and
appetite, tut do net grow any, and don’t grow
after thoy get well. It lasts about two weeks, and
those not affected In that way nro as large again ns
the ones that have. W’liat causes it? What will
prevent It, and what will relieve It?
2. 1 also have a fine variety of plum that blooms
very full, tut sheds about half of the fruit with
the bloom, and the other half when tho seed com
mences to form, it bus never rij>cncd a plum. It
Is a grafted tree on randy land, manured with
rtablo manure. 1 would like to know if there is
anything that can be done to make it rctuln and
ripen the fruit.
I . Ko little is known about tho diseases of
hogs, that as a rule it is better to kill a very
sick cno tliau to attempt to cure him. Some
times a hog that has cholera, for instance,
recovers, but ho never thrives afterwards and
will not pay for his feed—and this is not an
exceptional case. Prevention is better than
enre. Keep hogs healthy by * good and prop
erly varied diet. Keep them away from piles
of cotton seed and from privies and from under
houses where tho ground is dry and dusty.
Have water, salt, charcoal and ashes always
within their reach. Tho above comprises
about all we know about tho diseases of hogs
and their treatment.
It is probablo that your plum is too
highly manured and grows too rapidly to pro
duce fruit. You might try root-pruutag to
check growth. Big * narrow treuch ft foot
deep all around tho tree and about four foot
distant from Its base and cut of all tho roots
you see In tho trench. Withhold manure
vntirJy for a year and watch results.
J. W. n.^Falrvlcw, B. C.: What Is the best ma
nure for sweet potntocs? What kind arc tho most
.prolific, and what kind of cultivation la order to
secure the largest yield?
Sweet potatoes do notsoem to bo choice
al»ont manure. Thoy respond very promptly
to almost any kind that is applied to thorn.
Rotten stable manure, cow manure, woods
earth or chip manure With ashes, nro all good,
and so is ordinary amnioniatod guauo. A
gentleman who cultivated tho crop quite
largely for market, ami who experimented a
good deal with manures, informed us that am-
nionlatcd guauo had given him as good results
ns any. The same potato passes under so
many different names in different parts of tho
country, that wo are puzzled how to designate
them. The most prolific wo know, v is n red
potato>-ith yellow flesh, which grows largo,
not long, and is disposed to be ribhud. It has
the fame general shape as the St. Domingo
yam of Georgia. Cultivation with sweeps, like,
that of cotton, gives most excellent results---**
goed as any we ever tried.
J. C. B., Orleans. N. L\: I have a clover lot sown
laM *prit)Ki widen 1 wish to enrich. Please Inform
e what kind of mauuro U best, and how much to
cacre; when aud hou to apply it.
Your language is ambiguous, hut wo take it
ynur object is to feed the clover,rather than en
rich tho lot. Potash and llmo are tho two lead
ing substances called for by clover. These
may tie supplied by kainit and plaster, 100
pounds of each per acre, applied us top dressing,
just an spring growth begins. Barnyard ma
nure is always in order, aud a dre&siug of this
may preccdo tho kainit and plaster, if yotfttavo
The manure should be well rotted aud
Fry evenly distributed so as not to smother
tho clovtr. In combination with kainit nud
plaster,ten two-liorso wagon loads of mauuro to
the aero would answer.
L W. Mu;., Tflplry. Tenn.: Mease give tho best
and cheapest made of underground drainage.
When tiles can be liad at reasonable prices,
and arc properly laid, they fhrnish the cheap
est drainage in the long run. But the above
conditions are rarely realized at the south.
Tiles are manufactured iu few 1«m-ulilies, aud
freight on them is usually very heavy. Where
good, heart pine lumber can be had, it is prob
ably the uext chcapeast material for drains.
But here again conditions must be laid down.
Tho slope of the bottom of the drain must lie
uniform; the bottom must bo uniformly firm
that the planks will not sink into soft mud, or
if the bottom is soft, proper support** in the
shape of cross pieces of dnrablo timber must be
provided to hold tho planks in proper position.
With such cross pieces, plauks iuch and a half
thick and tixS inches wide may be nailed
together, like ridge boards on
roof, and p’aecd with open
side downwards on cross pieces. Caps made of
shi rt pieces two ini lies wide and nailed togeth-
■'like the planks should be placed over the
joints to keep the dirt from tailing in. Where
pine poles are abundant and convenient,* very
llcut and cheap drain *uay be made by
utting the ditch narrow and filling la with
to within a foot of the top of tho gronuT,
takiug «are to lay them regularly, filling up
all large openings with short pieces cut to fit,
and then putting on turf, pine bru>h or other
long tnu-b, fill up with dirt, ridging it over tho
ditch to allow” for settling. Where a great
many poles are used there are so many cham
bers between them for the water to run is that
it la hardly within the hounds of possibility
for all vf them to get filled np at once. The tea
Through the politer,css of Commissioner Hen
•lerson Thf. Constitution Is enabled to famish its
readers this morning with the following abstract
taken from advance sheets of the supplemental
report about to be Issued by the agricultural office,
COTTON.
The yield compared to an average for the whole
state, w.
The fall season lias been favorable for saving tli
crop, and the condition of tho lint i- exception
ably good, the bulk of the crop rating middle or
better.
The total yield ol the crop Is estimated at ftlfl,
000 tales, of ICO pounds.
CORN.
The production In comparison with an average
crop, is reported 01 for the wholo state.
The renron was unfavorable to the crop on nil
low lands, and a large portion of the crop on t
torus was entirely destroyed by overflow. The
timated total yield for tho state Is about 23,000,030
bushels,
WHEAT.
The total yield is but little move than a half crop,
the yield per acre being about 4.« bushels, and the
estimated total production for tho state about
1,tOO,000 bushels.
OATS.
The acreage of the crop was greatly reduced by
the destruction of the fall sowing in January,
amounting to ouly^about three fourths of tho usual
rcaa in the state. The total yield for tho state,
reported July let, is about two-thirds of an average
crop, and the average yield per acre, 13 bushels.
The total yield of the crop, ns estimated from re
ports of Jvly 1st, Is about 1,700,000 bushels.
MlSt 1.1.1. AN LOUS CROPS.
Sugar (:ane.—The yield for the state compared
with an average crop Is 87, nud the average yield
of syrup per acre, 203 gallons.
f-orglium.—'Yield compared to an average, 87
Average yield in syrup per aero, W gallons.
Rice—Meld compared to an average,’, M. Aver
age yield per acre In rough rice, 2a bushels.
Sweet Potatoes—Yield compared to an average,
87. Average yield per acre, 00 bushels.
Field Peas—Yield compared to an average, 80.
Tho nverago yield per acre Is V bushels. This ap
plies to the yield of tho crop as it Is usually grown
with corn, the crop being seldom planted ns a sep
arate crop.
Ground Teas—Y'lcld compared to aa average, 20.
Average yJcld per aero, 33 bushels.
Tobacco—Yield compared to nu average, OL Aver
age yield per acre, -157 pounds oflcaf tobacco.
Hay—Yield compared to an average, 107. Yield
per acre In tons, 1.7.
J'HODUCE PRICES.?
Tho average price of cotton per pound, for tho
whole state, December 1st, 183fi, was 8.1 cents, be
ing two-tenths of a cent levs than tho year before.
For corn tho nverago pri< o per bushel was 01
cents. For wheat, 910'; oats, f>3 cents; sugarcane
kyrup, per gallon, 39 cents; sorghum syrup, 37);,;
rough rice, per bushel, from 81 to 89 cents, except
in southeast Georgia, where it was only f>l cents;
sweet l-oUtoen, 43 cents; hay, per ton, 113.43.
STOCK
The number of stock hogs in tho state compared
to lnM year Is 92 per cent.
Tho number of sheep 89 per cent. The reports of
tho lost few yean Indicate n constant decrease.
This Js attributed to ravages of dogs.
Horses and cuttle arc generally reported In a
healthy condition.
The per cent of lull farm supply of pork pro
duced in the stato, according to the report of cor
respondents, is 62 per cent, or less than two-thirds
of n supply for the succeeding year.
Thoamouutof farm supplies purchased, com
pared with last year, shows 12 per cent less than
the purchase ol lfeft.
cam AND CREPIT PRICKS FOR BACON,
The average cash rricc paid for bacou In the
state duriug the year was eight cents per pound,
while the average price on time, payablo Novem
ber 1st w as 11.4 cents. The average cash price for
corn was 69 cents, and tlic time price 93 cents.
The farmer purchasing supplies on time pays
In this way about 42 i»er cent, ou bacou
and 34.8 per cent. on corn for
about four mouths’ time, which Is equivalent
to rates of Interest of 126 and 101 per cent per an
num. In this, taken in connection with tho fket
that little more than two-thirds of a provision Bap-
ply Is produced in the state, is shown ono import
ant reason for the luird times experienced by tho
farmer. These material!! maybe profitably pro
duced at home, and tho money tlmt is expended
for such supplies outride of the state, is an un-
neccutry and damaging drain upon our resources,
SEED DISTRIBUTION.
The new varieties of field land garden seeds dis
tributed for the psst season have met with almost
universal favor.
The Detcrkln cotton gives ;a flue yield, and Is
superior In carllncss of maturity, and for the large
pioportlou of Hut to the arnouu: of reed cottou pto-
duced.
The Spanish peanut lias met with universal
praise for earllness, superior yield, aud for the
ease with which it eaiU.e harvested.
The distribution of tobacco reed has stimulated
the growth of a new mouey crop for the farmers of
Georgia.
DYSPEPSIA
Cussn Us Ylcllms to to nlsentlc, topdtw,
confused, and depressed In mind, rerj trrlta*
Ms, languid, and dremr. It Is n disease
vbich does not get well of Itself. It require)
careful, persistent attention, and a remedy to
throw oB tho causes and tono up tho dlges,
tiro organa till they perform their dutteg
willingly. Hood’s Sarsaparilla has proren
just the required remedy In hundred) of ease),
»I have taken Hood’s Sarsaparilla for djrf.
pepsla, from which I haro suffered two years,
X tried many other medicines, tut none proved
)0 satisfactory as Hood’s Sarsaparilla.”
Thouas Cook, Brut Bectrl) Ufht Co,
Hew York aty
Sick Headache ’
. •Ter ths put two year* I have teen
afflicted with severe headaches and dyspep.
■la. I was induced to try Hood’s Baisapa-
rllla, and havo found great relief. I cheer
fully recommend It to alL’* UBS. E. F.
New Haven, CoaaT.
Mrs. Mary C. Smith, Cambridgeport, Mass.,
was a sufferer from dyspepsia and aick head
ache. fiho took Hood’s Sarsaparilla ftftd
found It the best remedy she ever nsed.
Hood’s Sarsaparilla
s.14 hy all druggists. <t| tSx for**. Mad#
only tyO. I. HOOD • CO, LoireU, Has).
too. Doaos„Ono. Dollar.
«0THE NEWS0UTH AND THE 0LD-lx>:
THE SODTHERNBIVOUAC!
A REPRESEKTATIVE LITERARY MAGAZINE.
ITS FIELD PECULIAR, 8l ITS^SUCCESS ASSURED.
During the part two vents the Southern Bivouac baa represented, In Its papers on history, oolitles,
cutdoor life, Induririal moortec, social life, pcctry, and romauce, both tho Old South aud the New.
SOUrHKRN INDUSTRIES*
In its table of contents may be found papers on “Tho Invention of the Cotton Oin,” “Tho Tnv entiott
of the Cotton Dicker,’’ "The fcugnr Helds of Louisiana,” “The Kice Fields of South Carolina,” ‘Orau a
Culture," and "Pure Bred Live Hock in Kentucky.” . „ it
The papers by Mr. John Duncan ou “Pure Bred Live Stock in Kentucky” will be continued during
this year. For early publication is announced “The \ ines and Wines of Virginia,” "Southern Naval
btous,” and one or more on the mineral resources of the southern States.
SOUTHERN HISTORICAL PAPERS.
In March, April, and May, the Southern Bivouac published valuable articles by Colonel R. T. Bur-
rett on the “Resolutionsof '98 and ‘.H,” settling finally the autiioreliip of those resolutions. In .May and
June, It published some Interesting illustrated articles on “The Virginia Cavaliers;” in September, Octo-
bt r, and November, it published Paul liayue’s delizbtml papers ou “Antc-Bellura Charleston." Thesa
p» pen. with biographical and critical sketches of Southern statesmen aud men of .etiers, will becon*
tinned from time to time. The “Unpublished Letters of Jeffersonbegun in December, w ill bo com
pleted in March or April, and in February will begin some biographical papers of Captain John Cloves
S’ mines, the author or “Hymmes’ Theory” of a hollow world. In an early ls.-uc there will appegg
sketches of General J*. R. Cleburne and John C. CAHteun^i
Each Issue of the magazine contalus much lu relation to the civil war. It has published valuable
papers on Hood’s campaign in Tcnncsree: on Braggs invasion of Kentucky; on tho
Fall of Fort Fumter, and on Chattanooga. It has ready for early publfe
cation a series of articles by General F. M. Law on “The Eight for Richmond;” an article by Dinwiddla
B. 1 billips on the Merrlmac; with other articles relating to various features of the contest
Jt is admitted that the papers by Judge Thomas II. Hines on
“THE NORTH-WESTERN CONSPIRACY,»
constitute one of the more valuable contributions to a true history of the war that has yet been madQ
These papas began in the December issue, and will continue lor several months.
FOETRY AND FICTION.
cm character,’ southern habits of life and modes of thought in a very graphic manner. For early pnfr
lication stories are announced from H. 8. Edw ards, “A Government Clerk;” from Falcon, “Squire John*
ion's Conn;'’ from Lee C. llarby, “Jessamine;" from Mrs. M. Sh etTey-Peterr,
"IJi Rosik’s Shadow," aud “The Dance of Death;” from II. W. Cleveland, "Old Scipio;’*
Will Wallace Ilnrcey, “Origin of (-reck Fire.” In addition, papers will bo published describing peculiar
features of life in tlic southern states, among them a paper by Young E. Allison on the Mountaineers of
Eastern Kentucky. Poems from Margaret J. Preston, Clinton Scollard, Will Wallace Harney, William
II. Heuie, Charles J. o'Mnlk-y, and others will appear from time to time.
Reference is made to there articles not as exhausting the resources of tho Southern Bivouac, but td
define, ns far as possible, the field which it seeks to occupy, and to show that In Its purposes, and in
whnt It has accomplished, it is a worthy representative of the literary and artistic element in the south
ern states. It is enough to show that tno new south is not to be exclusively a material revival; that tho
Reference 1; . _
utrune, ns fur as possible, the field which it reeks to occupy, and toshov
whnt it has accomplished, it is a worthy representative of the literary a
-- * u “‘ * L —-,v south is not to be exclusively a .«***«., ...... ...-j
Bciivu) hi i.uui'citun* cacniii-ie »»»ui ,ni'anig in literature and in other branches of life. Moreovetq
the magazine alms to present fairly, raithfully, but with no prejudice or passion, tho story of tho old
south: to trace it* pronress. it* development, and its perpetuation in tho south today.
attempt the publishers have met with no small measure or success, wo submit
’ * * been unusually encouraging and cordir”
(The Nation.)
to whom the letter w us addressed.
only a few notices from the press, which has been unusually encouraging aud cordial;
(The Nation.)
The Southern Bivovac for March hasa valuable contribution to the history of the “Kentucky Ref-
oh;lit rs of 1798 and 1719.” 11da consists in part of a fac simile of Thomas Jefferson's letter of Decem
ber II, IK;!, to J. Cabell Breckinridge, in which he avows tho authorship of the resolutions. Thero is
abo a fac ilnrile of a printed copy of the resolutions as they passed the legislature., of which tho author
of the article says it is “an original copy now in the powession of the writer.” The reproduction of
the letter, t w ith the address frank end postmurk, conclusively settles the disputed point a! to the person
(Penman’s Art Journal.)
h the best number ol n fin
aw.wv. 1T -1 r-y vv|i.cv v. «r Vffir Htlfitlltl DT.ll tinthltlir hilt Mflur’
would be amply repaid.
[Christian Observer.)
It occupies the foremost place lu the publications of the south, and compares favorably with any in
the land. .
(Washington Hatchet.J
The Pouthern Bivouac if the best magazine which the south ever gave to literature. It has tho sec
tional color which one expects from its name, but this adds to i|| general value, iu literary standard
is decidedly above the commonplace, and It has proven itself most admirably ablo to do the work which
It had marked out.!
[Chrlftlan Union.]
The first volume of the Southern Bivouac, just received, handsomely bound in cloth, decidedly
Inereares cur respeet end regard for this southern magazine. We are pleased to learn that it Is receiving
that measure of success and popularity to which Its merits entitle it. As a whole, this volume givey
'• ’ubitable evidence of judicious and intelligent editing.
IChicago lutcr-Ocean.)
Among the most Interesting of the magazines that come to our tabic. It Is mainly devoted to army
life among the Confederates and the incidents and history relating thereto, but all told in tho best
... - - en j 0 yable to the Union as the Confederate soldier.
IN. Y. Observer.)
number Is in all respects the finest which has come under our notice, and is wanting lit
. ...turc cf a first-class periodical. The Bivouac is the foremost literary representative of
thclncw touth, and as such wc wish for it tho fullest measure of success.
| Boston Herald.)
It Is a source of genuine pleasure to open the Southern Bivouac In these days. There Is not a trnca
of political bitterness in it, and there is considerable evldcnco that writers, new and old, at the south aro
making a strong effort to maintain their former literary standing.
i periodical literature.
Manjrof the papers In tho March
equu. _^. -----
Its illustrations axe also excellent. If merit counts for anything, it ought to have a very large ciruula
lion.
Southern Bivouac, one year. $2 AUMu’ctonitUatlo^',* $2.25
Single Numbers by Mall or at the News Stand, 20 Cents,
The combination of the Bivouac and the Constitution is made in order to introduce this represent*?
tive southern magazine to every intelligent family lu the south. Agents wanted ut every po«*toffies#
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