Newspaper Page Text
8
FARMS AND FARMERS.
Short Talks With the Men Who
Guide tho Plow,
OF GENERAL INTEREST TO FARMERS-
Balancing Account*.
The year’s work is about finished—bow do
tho expense and profit accounts stand? How
many farmers can answer that question? Has
any account been kept? or has the farmer gone
on blindly, not knowing whether he was mak
ing any money or not? V, o fear this lias been
tho case with most farmers. They keep no
books, and have very vague, ideas of how much
money has gone out, and sometimes not a very
definite one of how much has come in. Many
realize, perhaps, at the end of the year, that
they have no money; but they do not know
how much has been spent on the farm, and
how much for family purposes. They may
have empty pockets, and yet have mode mom y,
for family expenses may have consumed it nil.
Jiow, this is very unsatisfactory. If one is not
making any money farming, he ought either
to change his methods or quit the bu-lnos.
Sometimes a farmer makes money
nt one point in his farming operations
and loses it at another. Sometimes he makes
with one crop and loses with another. Some
times he clears money on one field and loses it
on another. But how is lie to know this with
ttnt keeping accounts? There is nothing that
would open tho eyes of a farmer
jnoro than keeping accounts nothing
that would lead him more surely
into tho right methods. others may
agree with him that lie is losing money, but ho
is not convinced. He loves bis farm : it is his
own; he lias faith in l.is land and faito in
himself, too. Everything predisposes him
against being convim <d. Put let him keep
his own figuresand the case is entirely Changed.
It is sulf, against self, and his eyes arc mm h
jnoro easily opened. Other people's figures
lie, but his do not. Men will believe in their
own things. Each one's watch keeps the true
time. Each gne’s kun shoots the best. ’I lie
only course, therefore, is to got self against
self; and this in the farmer's case is attained
by getting him to keep iweounts to have his
own figures offset each other. In this way ho
may lie convinced; and conviction once se
cured, there will be no farther difficulty. If a
farmer is perfectly satisfied that he is losing
on any operation, he will quit it. Ihe
trouble is, he is rarelyconvinced. Ho may
toll others there is no money in cotton, but
deep down in his In art he believes there is.
lie may admit to himself that homadenomoney
on it Homo particular y- ar, but tho fault was
Hot in tho cotton crop. It was too wet or cold
n spring, too dry or too wet a summer, too wet
Or too cold a fall, frost came too early. There
is always something that shields his pet from
Censure.
If a farmer has kept no books it is still pns
Bible lor him to get at the facts. Sometimes it
is. The mercliunts k< ops books for some farm
ers; they buy everything nearly on credit, and
Iteifiizcd accounts of their merchants will
bring tho year's transactions pretty well before
them Let them get that and study it. Ou
the one side are tho advances and purchaiics,
on the other tho credits by cotton, etc. It will
boa pretty fail representation of
tho year's work on tho farm as it
whole. It may not bring out, however,
tip' comparative results from different fields.
This is one of tho most important items. On
many ami many a farm tho profits from a good
field go to pay tho losses on a poor one. llieh
bottom lands produce corn and fodder to feed
jnulcu to cultivate poor uplands that do not
pay the cost of cultivation. OnO Belli cot
ton may make from a half to three-quarters of
a bale to the aero; another from a fourth to a
third of a bale to the acre. Had he cultivated
tho first only, the farmer would have made
some clear money, but when ho cultivated tho
second also, he lost as much as he made on tho
first. On one field the guano he applied paid
him a handsome profit; on another it did
more harm than good. Hut us the
cotton 'from both is put into a
common heap, tho farmer doosnot realize this.
Don't you think that many a field would be
thrown out to rest, or sown in grain, it tho
Owner had kept a strict account with it, and
found at the end of the year that ho had spent
more on it than the crop returned him? Tho
trouble is, that in the absence of accounts the
farmer does not realize this; ho is reluctant to
believe his laud is so poor, ho thinks bettor of
it; bo gives it the l>cncfit of the doubt; he will
hot bring in a verdict of guilty; a mistrial is
IMinounced, and the case drags its slow length
along for years. We do not wish to hurt any
Cue's feelings, or decry tho value of his pro.
iiorty, but we are forced to express our belief
(hat about one-half the land in the older cotton
status does not more than pay the expense of
cultivation. W. L. J.
A. A. H„ Puckett's Station, Ga.: la the adieu
from stone coal of any value as a fertilizer, and
Vbat is the iinai -b of .'..me ?
Contains traces of potash and other mineral
ingredients, lias about the sauio luiimiriiil
value ns loam or sand, with no vegetable mat
ter in it. It is valuable for loosing up stiff
clav , tho fiction being mcchauical, not diem
icai.
A. K. W . Golold, Ga.i I. 1 saw a receipt in your
department to pickle beef, but have lost it. 1 liave a
large, fat bull i w add like to pickle. I'lenso give
Hu- receipt ai nil. 11-'. i, what Is go,-i to give a
young dog tor w onus.' 3. What will prevent hog
Cholera.
Ist. Receipts for pickle vary slightly. Hero
is a good one: To every 100 pounds of meat,
take eight pounds of alt. two quarts of mo-
F’sscs, ami a quarter pound each of cooking
Soda ami saltpetre; add water enough to cover
inoat . bring marly to a boil, skim oft' all scum,
mid Wb.cn cold and moat is cold, pour on tho
latter, and sco that it is entirely covered with
the pii kle.
2d. Mix with feed spur grains each of cop
peras and gentian root, (powdered,) and one-
Eixtecnth ot a grain of uisenie, and give above
quantity twice a week.
lb 11. IL, Chipley, Via.. Pecemlicr 10. ISS: rmw
give me your best formula 10l Irish potatoes: also
kind of anil best adapted k>r same Mino is s andy
(all not naturally rich. How many bushels to the
ncie is the pro)>er airouut l> l-e planted ? We am
arningiug to plant foi ii.-ri.' rn markets and w . h
all t v information you can iveu- nil the Inlonim
tiou ymi cun us to time to p ant, tow mi between
FvW-nndtiow far apart in drills.
A mu ly soil, if filled with humus, is la st for
the Irish potato, if the soil is destitute of
vegetable matter, ni.iV it compost into which
It outers largely. One in w hich nitrogen, pot
n-li and phosphoric a, id are present also in
full quantity is desirable : 200 pounds of acid
phosphate. 200 jafunds of kaiuit and 300
pounds of cotton seed meal, mixed with cow
manure. let scraping . rich mould, thirty
wagon load* m all, will mauure one acre, if
powibto. mix all above ingredients into a com
jHWt a month or six weeks la-lore its applien
lion. It may l*c usvti. howwvr, without pre-
Vh-lls ~ II . . . . . | r , „ j, ~t
npan. iqa'll drill moderately deep mid wide
anddiop petnb mh,. apart. Ex.. tin
very 11. h soils, large si tv make tho b. cure-
M «l- -.i.’ely sized !■ •t.Uoes cut in l ull m ,ko
good -its. Vl-mit so rteeti bushels of i ced per
Sets and throw on< notiglt din to cover m.inure,
but not quit.- fill the furrow. When t tit•< -
begin t e..m, (1 p ~», , l tow bl , Nl( i , t , ,
tba field. This wit . ~ '.'..,,g 1 . !^.!1 ,d w.eds
in the drib, and (Ur: off the crop clean. Tire
tunc fin planting, \ a with latitude; you
UV . it. r consult \ e.- tieighlsirs on this
pumt. here trust occ. a, plant as early as
TIIE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1887.
possible to escape being killed by spring frets.
White House, Texn«: I have tried put manure
around young fruitrtre- . fraa tic h z pen,
early In the spring, w lien It is wet, and t o’, erm '
with eoil. It Is excellent to start them to : ;rrow. I
saw in Field and Farm statlivr lin t a man pit two
pigs In a pen around a I.e C >me pear tree; he raid
their rootJtg up the soil started the tr. a togrow. I
tried the manure without the pigs and find it ex
cellent. G. I>. IIOItTON,
W. H. AV., Sunny Side, Tenn.: 1. I want
to know if “Johnson grass” can Ire eradicated
when once set.
2. Does it make good hay ? and what is its
value compared with timothy?
3. I; it. an early growth for spring pasture?
•1. Is ft a good grazing grass?
5. Does it injure the land, or will it improve
it?
6. What is the best way to get a set, by seed
or roots?
7. How mnch need to an aero? and when
should they Ire sowed?
H. If roots, how planted?
11. Will it grow on thin land ?
10. How often cut on good land—say bind
that will yield SO bushels com tier acre? and
how much hay will such land yield?
I. Have never seen it done, but it is claimed
that close grazing through a season will de
stroy it.
2. Yes, if cut before it gets too old. It Is
rather coarse, but in nutritive value does not
fall far behind timothyXif cut at proper stage
and well cured. It ought to bo cut not later
than in “boot.”
3 and 4. It is not well adapted to grazing.
It conies up tolerably early in the spring, about
the time corn usually comes up. Easily killed
down to the. ground by frost.
5. If mowed and taken off tho land it will
exhaust it after awhile, and so will any other
crop. Inasmuch as it yields heavily, Hie ex
haustion is comparatively rapid.
G. Easiest by seed, but readily by roots when
they can be conveniently had.
7. Seed do not germinate well, and a liberal
quantity should be sown from three pecks to a
bn.-hel per acre. This should be done at Jcorn
planting time.
-. Cut roots in pieces and drop one every ■
step in third furrow, when breaking the land.
!•. A ery - lowly and poorly, but it will stay
there ; it will not die out.
10. If rains are plentiful, it may he cut three
or more times in a season and will yield on
i nch land i s you describe three or four tons a
yi ar. As stated before, it must bo cut before
it get* too old or it will be absolutely worthless.
.1. ft. V., Kim-bean, ( hilton county, Ahi.: First, I
wish to save some grass; w hat sort would you ad
vise. Tire land is up bind, sandy soil, but has a elay
mi' soil. II ~v best prepare the land mid how
much to the acre, and what time It Is bc.-t to save.
As I am not familiar with tho culture of grass, I
i;.»l: you these question-Jis I am willing to be guided
by your advice. Second, I wish to know if burmuda
...qnsi will grow on upland, an<l hovv can I get seed
and what tho cost, is it planted and at what
seicv n of toe year. Will itgrow on our sandy land,
If so, I wish to plant two or three acres.
Ist. It is assumed fliji). yon refer to tho cul
tivated winter grasses. These will not grow to
any profit on poor land. Unless you arc willing
to make Hie huid very rich, it is wise to let
those grasses alone. Hut if you have very
rich land, sow tall meadow oat grass. It is
b< J adapted to light soils. Break tho land
well and harrow it until all tiie clods are bro
k< n, and the soil is very firm. Then sowjtwo
buslicls of si ed per acre and brush them in as
lightly as you cm. Do this the last of Febru
ary. Don'! let any stock graze it tho first
year, and if weeds threaten to smother the
grn s mow them down.
2nd. Yes. bermuda grows finely' on rich
upland. Will grow on any kind
of land, but bettor on rich than poor.
It would probably be mere valuable
to you than any otliar grass. It is a summer,
not a winter grass. Supplies grazing from
April to November. Some seed were on tho
market a few years ago—imported from some
place—but we never could learn its history.
Do not think any bermuda seed is now on sale.
The grass is propagated by pieces of so-called
roots. The e cut up in small pieces are sown
broadcast and plowed in like grain, or dropped
at short intervals every third furrow, when
plow ing tiie land in early spring. It spreads
pretty rapidly if the land is ricli and makes a
dense sward. Hard to get rid of when onco
established. Don't put it about orchards, gar
dens, or any land yon are not willing to give
up to it indefinitely. Yet, witli this drawback,
it is the most valuable of all the grasses.
.1. J.: I am a "two-mule ' farmer, and as I am only
able to buy one kind of harrow, write to ask you
whether the "Acme,’' “Disc” or "Thomas Smooth
ing'' would be b< »t li r a man in my condition to In
vest in. 1 want It principally fur puttins- bind iu
oats and In .Ichnsou grass iu condition lor the
mower after it Is broken up.
If limited to the three imntioned, would
select the disc harrow. It will pulverize land
deeper and more thoroughly than tho others;
biing.no trash to the surface, and covers grain
very well. If followed by- a roller, land can
be put in best possible condition for the mower.
The shares harrow is also a must admirable
pulverizer and smoother of laud, and unex
celled for covering grain.
IfT. I . 11.. ('hewalla. Tenn . will write to
mo I think I can give him nil the information
ho wants about dynamite, as 1 have hud some
experience witli it.
Respectfully. .7. A. Donnax.
Centre, Cherokee county, Ala.
It. O..’.liiiiit, Emanuel county, Ga.: 1. Isthcro
any boot, ireatiimeu how to eultlvnte the ealiluus
pci'it, mid wtiere nt.
Are there auy seed, or do you have to set it
out'.'
VV Isere can either or both (that Is seed or plant)
be pns-ured'.'
■l. tv but is It worth tier pound?
5. Wln re is the best market to sell?
c. Would be alnd t<> have your views on howto
cultivate it, also t) o soil that best suitsit.
7. Would like to know what is the best method to
e<ini|H'.-t e >w li t manure, with such compost ns you
think best. Laud Is light.
S. Also what comp.,st or ingrediencc is best to mix
w itli cotton seed wheu you have no other ma
nure.
Ist. None that wo know of.
2d. Propagated by pieces of so-called roots,
they are truly stems running along the surface
of the ground, or just below it. Grows very
much like the common flag or iris.
:id. Not advertis d by any one that lias come
i under our notice ; but one or two correspond
ents of.ttiK Coxstiti’tiox mentioned some
[ weeks ago that they could supply gome of the
sets. Consult “1 arms and Farmers " in back
numbers.
4th. Do not know.
eth. Italtimeie, Philadelphia and New York,
('■th. Grows best in wet. springy land; re
quires no cultivation but to pull up by hand
any other growtli that may interfere with it.
7th. Cow manure rots and turns into plant
food vcry slowly hence it is best to mix it with
some more active kind,like horse manure. Two
thirds ot eow and one-third of horse manure
makes a good mixture, which will ferment
very well After it has fermented add acid
phosphate .'.iy l(X) pounds to ’.Oil bushels of
manure—mid apply to one acre in drill. Or
yon might mix gre' «« vc'.t— seed w ith cow
manure tn pin o ot stable manure—fifteen
bi shcls of seed to cightv-live bushels of ma
nure. Mix well ami make damp so it will fer
ment well. After fermentation add 100
pounds of n id phosph ite and apply to one
acre.
8 At id phosphate, kaiuit and cotton seed
make wry < \ talent manure. For thin light
land mix A* bushels of hoed with 100 pounds of
at hl phosphate and 00 pounds of kainit, and
apply u> an acre.
J. C. >!.. MiUermn, La.: I. What is the pro) er
otn'binaliau of- \Ut gp>iUsao phospho and wit n
ed to make a ftfrtukcr lor t\>u inuu land* of dltler-
cut a-.i-Ity. Say, for Otd worn-out land that will
make from three hundred to five hundred pounds
si -.4 cotton ]>cr acre, and how much should be ap
pi:..ii p r acre, an I for lend rich iu vegetable matter
lb . : will maxe from eight hundred to t- . clv • hi.n
■i; 1 pounds of seed cotton, and how mi c'■• should
be applied per acre? 2. Is it best to make a compost
of j ottasso phospho and cotton seed? Or will it do
ns well to apply ench separately at Ixs i'ling time;
ami, if the last is adopted, should the seed be killed
dr put out green? 3. What is the comparative value
of a ton of pottas io pliosplio and cotton seed (proper
combination) and a ton of Scott'* go-sypium
phospho? 1. Will an admixture of pottasso phospho
with cotton seed improve them as n fertilizer for
corn? If to, in what proportion shoull each be
used ’
.-.eott’s pottasso phospho, containing muriate of
potash in place of kaiuit, analyzes twelve to four
teen per < lit available phosphoii acid and four to
six per cent potash.
1. For the poorest land 100 pounds of phos
phate to 2A bushels of cotton seed. Above
quantity is a safe ami fair amount for au acre.
If soil is filled with humus and well prepared
fifty per cent more may be applied. For the
rich st hind 100 pounds of phosphate to ten
bushels of seed, and double that quantity ap
plied to an acre is a fair manuring. By put
ting part in drill ami part iu list furrows twice
above quantity may bo applid to au acre.
2. If the seed are put in before the middle of
February and covered so deep that they will
not come up, it is just as well, perhaps, to ap
ply the two separately, putting in tiie green
seed and scattering phosphate on them. It is
better to put the seed in green—not killed.
3. Ten bushels of seed to 100 pounds
of phosphate makes a compost which by
weight is about oac-third the value of gos
sypium p.iospho—that is about 2,000 pounds
of the latter is about equal to 650 pounds of
the compost of seed and phosphate. This is
given only as an approximate estimate. It is
dfi.icult to make an exact one. 4. Yes. Phos
pbatic manures almost universally increase
tho yield of corn, and tiie addition of potash is
also desirable —100 pounds of phosphate to
every fifteen bushels of seed is a good mixture
on ordinary land. O;i very poor land double
the quantity of seed might bo mixed with the
same amount of phosphate.
C. V.'. T., Huntsville, S. C.: Can you tell mo any
thing about tile draining? How deep should the
ditches be, and how far apart? Where can the tiles
be purchased, and at what price, or could it be done
cheaper with logs or poles, and how long do you
suppose idles or log* would last? Please give me
some idea of how it is done, aud the advantages to
be derived from it. I have u piece of land that I
would like to tile drain, if the expense was not too
great, and the advantages to be derived will justfy
the outlay of labor and money.
Tile draining will certainly help land. It
makes it dry off sooner in spring, so that crops
may be started on it earlier; and it keeps it
from being water-sogged during protracted
rains, and thus prevents the roots of plants
from being killed off by excessive moisture.
Some recent experiments, made under tho di
rection of Professor Newman, of the Alabama
experiment statjon, show that on some of the
flat lands in middle Alabama, the yield of
corn was increased fifty per cent by tilo drain
ing. But it is expensive. Freight on tilesis
$d ,000
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heavy, if they have to be transported any dis
tance. The cost of the tile itself is not more
than one to three cents per running foot, ac
cording to size. But, including digging of
ditches, laying tiles and cost of tiles, the ex
pense could not bo well brought under thirty
to forty dollars an acre. The distances of the
ditches apart depends partly upon nature of
soil and depth of ditches. It varies from
twenty to fifty feet. The doser the texture
of the soil and the shallower the drains, the
smaller the distance apart. A drain
should not bo less than three foot deep. Tiles
are manufactured in many places—some in
Georgia—at Athens and at Milledgeville.
There may bo other places nearer to you.
The first cost of drains filled with poles would
be less than those with tile, but the latter is
cheaper tn the end. Poles under most favor
able conditions (running water all the time)
will not last more than fifteen or twenty years
tiles will last indefinitely. When drains aro
laid with poles, the latter must be put in very
freely—near!j- filling the ditch with them, so
as to establish a groat many channels between
them, through which water may find its way—
in case one gets filled, another is at hand. Put
turf or brush on poles ami then fill with dirt,
and jump over with plow first year, so that the
dirt may become solid over the poles.
W. O. 11., Harlem, Ga.: 'l. How can hogs
bo slaughtered and meat preserved for family
use in midsummer?
2. I have a cow with a young calf that gives
bloody milk from one teat, find with her pre
vious calf gave bloody milk from the same.
The milk from the others,also, was not suitable
for use; had a peculiar taste.
3. A mule, apparently sound, about 18 years
old, looks line except in his left hip, which has
dwindled away to almost nothing, and it
scarcely puts that foot to the ground, but
moves very sprightly on the other three legs.
Any information as to these will be thank
fully received.
1. In the largo packing establishments of
the west, pork is cured in summer by cooling
and by packing in ice houses.’ Without ice it
is well nigh impossible to cure pork in sum
mor. if killed late in evening, and cut up at
once in small pieces, hung up in a cool place
to get rid of animal heat, first springling it
with a little finely powdered saltpetre, then
putting it in pickle and changing to frosh
pickle in four or five days, it may bo cured,
but it is a risklv business. When in pickle it
should be kept in cool cellar.
2. Your cow has inflammation of the udder
(garget). The udder is divided into four lobes
corresponding to the four teats. One lobe may
l>e inflamed vi hilst the others are not. In your
case whilst one is decidedly inflamed the oth
ers aro more or less so also. See that the calf
has lull opportunity to get all the milk of the
bag at least twice a day. Do not food cotton
seed, or cotton seed meal; these are disposed
to stimulate the udder too
much Give little grain of any kind
ami let cow run on green pasture, if you have
o. The shrinking away of mules' hip is duo
to its not using the limb. A muscle which is
not exercised, naturally shrinks up. What is
the cause of its not using the limb, we have
not sufficient data to say. It may be intlam
matum in foot end joints from foot to hip. It
may bo in the hip joint itself. Examine care
fully and see if there is tenderness anywhsro,
and report again.
Subscriber, Copiah county, Misussippi. L 1
have a piece of land—about six acres—that I wish
to plant In cotton. Please advise mo as to the best
method of cultivating to bring about the best yield,
and wl.est is the best variety of cotton seed to plant
lor staple and pro lucliveness. The land is only
tolerably goo<L Might produce one-third bale to
the acre without any fertilizer. Can I manage and
fertilize it so os to make one bale to the acre with
out danger of burning the crop? On one side of the
"patch” there ts aliout an acre of it called by far
mers "craw-fish" bind. Wet and gravelly, how can
this be Improved? Tiie land was t edded last spring
but not cultivated. Was planted In corn last year,
the stock has kept the grass and weeds down. Give
mo plan fi r the first plowing, when or how, quan
tity ol lerttl zt, the distance of the rows apart, and
the distance of plants in the drill.
2. What is the best method of taking up pine
stumps? Can they be twisted out by a long strong
lever and chain by horse or ox team. I notice tliis
recommended, but don’t know if it would apply to
the pine st imp.
3. Which is the best poultry journal in circula
tion.
1. You ought to hare described nature of
soil, whether light or heavy', and whether fill
ed with humus or not. Clay lands will bear
heavier manuring than sandy'—land filled with
humus will stand heavy doses of manure with
out burning. • Assuming your soil to bo mod
erately supplied with humus (having laid out
a year), you might bring up Uio yield to a bale
of cotton per acre by judicious manuring.
Compost is the safest manure. Uno made by
Furman’s formula—3o bushels stall manure,
20 bushels cotton seed, 400 pounds acid phos
phate and 200 pounds kainit—will bo suitable.
Let the land alone till about the first of April,
then break it with two-horse scooter as deep as
possible. If you cannot run such a scooter,
turn over shallow with one-horse turn
plow and follow in same furrow with
long, narrow scooter. Follow plows with
roller to break and mash down clods,
and follow roller with deep running
harrow, disc, shares or acme, and repeat the
rolling and harrowing till the land is in very
fine tilth. This done, lay off wide and deep
drills four feet apart, and put compost in at
the rate of one-half tho quantity mentioned
above to the acre and list on it. In the list
furrows put the other half of compost and com
plete bed. This may be done one or two weeks
before planting time. At planting time drag
down the beds lightly, so as to reduce their
heighth, and give a clean, fresh surface. Plant
seed, covering lightly; chop out to one stalk
every fifteen inches and cultivate shallow, with
scrape, from first to last. Other things being
equal, shallow cultivation is tho secret of
making cotton. Not prepared to say which is
the best variety of cotton.
The “crawfish” part of land needs drainage.
Tile draining would bo best, but is expensive;
cost from forty to fifty dollars an acre.
In tho absence of drainage, throwing up
into hieh beds, and keeping the beds high all
through the season, is the next best plan. It
is also expensive as most of the cultivation
has to be done witli the hoe. Would not risk
heavy applications of manure on such land if
not drained.
2. The stump problem is not yet solved.
For farmers to operate, the plan you mention
is probably the best. After the larger roots
near tho surface have been cut through many
stumps can be twisted out of the ground with
a chain and lever, and a good ox team.
3. Don’t know. You will find a very good
poultry’ department in the Southern Farm,
published at Atlanta, Ga.
L. Duffan, Texas: I have a horse that has been
cut on barb wire, just in front of the hock-joint of
the hind-leg. Can you tell me what will cure It up,
and take off the ecar. It has been cut about four
months.
Apply tho following: Vaseline, one ounce,
and verdigris one drachm. Or,carbinate of zinc,
ono drachm, lard one ounce. Cleanse and dry
wound and apply. If one fails try tho other.
They are both good for healing sores.
J. D. P., Canton, Madison county, Miss.: I have a
young mule that is troubled very much with warts.
Sometime age a deep-seated bloody’ wart made its
appearance just above the eye.
Sprinkled arsenic on wart every day for ten days.
The arsenic seemed to form a hard crust or scab.
Would shave off scab with sharp knife before each
application of arsenic. Turned mule in pasture
for three weeks and as I saw
no improvement on tho wart I tried
a paste of cobalt and lard, applied this every
day for ten days. After waiting on this one
month, the result is the wart looks very much
worse, and four or five times as largo. It is
now about four inches in diameter. Is it a
wart, or is it|a cancer. If either, or whatever
it is, please give mo a remedy to remove it.
If the tumor is cancerous it would bo apt to
suppurate. As you do not mention that
feature, we infer it is a wart. Your best plan
is to have it cut out. To correct tho tendency
to wart growth, give the animal a half an
ounce of sulphate of soda daily for somo weeks,
and give also three times a week a drachm
each of powdered copperas and gentian root.
Feed liberally.
C. 8. P: I have a lot of dried apple pomace on
hand. Can you tell me if they are of any value or
use. and if so what? If useful for feed for stock,
how prepared? If for making beer, the method?
When tho juice is expressed from the apple,
little is loft but cellulose (woody matter) and a
little starch. The pomace would rank then
with the less nutricions forages—like grass cut
after the seed were formed anp partially dried up.
It misfit be I’B'd as forage by soaking In water or
steamlngjit and mixing it with mea’.|or bran. We have
no practical acquaintance with it as a feeding stuff.
It contains too little sugar to be of much value ns a
source of beer. Can any reader throw more light
on thia subject.
Subscriber, South Catalina: 1. I have about 1,000
bushels of cotton seed which I wish to compost with
acid phospt ala, and I desire to know from you how
much acid will be required. Give mo also your
method of composting. 2. I have a field that is
very heavily coated with crab gross: will it be ad
visable to use the above o impost 10 bushels of it to
the aere. or 100 or 150 pounds of ammoniated guano.
3 I also want to apply same guano to tho growing
crop as an experiment: how will 1 go about it? Will
it increase the yield enough to justify ono to try it?
4. Will it be well to turn under stubble etc., lu
January or February for cotton.
Ist. Quantity of phosphate varies with
quality of land and kind of crop. For cotton
on medium land ten bushels of seed to 100
pounds of phosphate is about right. Met the
seed thoroughly and mix phosphate carefully
with them Put in pen and tread down firmly
to keep fermentation within bound. It will
get dry during fermentation, and tho heat is
likely to become too great. To obviate this
make holes down through the mass and pour
in water. It is bast to compost only a week or
•o before applying. Where lot manure enters
into the compost it should stand longer, but
cotton seed is apt to injure and lose by long
composting. Indeed, in view of this risk,
it is rather better to put green seed directly in !
the drill, scatter phosphate unon it aud then I
bed.
2d. One is about as good as the other.
•3d. Application should be made at first or
second plowing, because cotton cannot or
should not be sided deep, and the manure put
in siding furrow near the surface will
require time to be carried down
to the roots by rains. Scatter manure
in siding furrows and cover with next furrow.
TVhether this kind of manuring will prove
profitable is not yet fully decided. It may be
better to put additional manure in .the first
listing furrows when bedding land. Please
give us results of your experiments on this
line.
4. Advisable to put off turning land as late
as one can do it safely, aud yet complete the
necessary preparations for the crop. A farmer
should never be caught witli such a pressure of
work j«st before planting time that it cannot
be done properly. Thorough preparation is
indispensiblo to making good crops.
C. W., Bronewood, Ga.: Please give information
as regards the most expedient and least expensive
way of dissolving about 1,000 pounds of boues with
out utilizing incinerated oak.
The most expeditious mode of dissoving
bones, is to break them up as fine as you can,
put in wooden vessel, wet thoroughly, and
then add slowly about half their weight of or
dinary oil of vitriol. But as oil of vitriol is a
dangerous aud troublesome thing to handle,
this mode is not adopted to farm practice. The
only other practicable mode, aside from mix
ing with lime and ashes, is to mix the finely
broken bones with some rapidly fermenting
substance, like fresh horse manure. This will
tend to soften and disintegrate tho bones. If
urine is poured on tho mass from time to time
it will intensify the fermentation and hasten
the dissolution of the bones.
W. S. G., Yorkville, S. C.: I wish to ask your opin
ion with regard to cotton seed os a fertilizer. A
gentleman of excellent sense and good judgment
claims that cotton seed meal from which the oil has
been extracted, is superior to the cotton seed iu a
natural state. He claims that the oil in the seed,
aside from not Leing a fertilizing element, will ac
tually poison the soil. I contend that the oil in the
seed is a fertilizing element, and that the extrac
tion of the oil depreciates the value of the seed. I
wish to know whether raw cotton seed or cotton
seed meal is the best fertilizer.
The meal acts more promptly than the whole
seed and is easier to handle; the whole seed
has to be killed before they are applied if the
weather is warm. In other respects there is
no special difference between the two—ten
bushels of seed being about equivalent to 100
pounds of meal. The oil does not poison tho
land, but has little or no manurial value.
G. R., Madra, N. C.: I have a plat of land, about
three aeres, which I wish to set in ' grape vines of
different varieties. Would like to know if I can
sow the land this tall or winter aud set the vines
after the wheat is taken off next spring? Will you
give a few hints in regard to the preparation of land
for grapes, also the kind and quantity of manure
required for them?
Grapevines can not be safely sot out later
than March, and wheat would not De harvested
by that time. Neither would sowing the land
in wheat be a specially good preparation for
vines. Before setting out the vines the land
should be deeply and thoroughly broken. The
usual distance for planting is iir rows ten feet
apart, and plants eight to ten foot in the rows.
If the land is rolling the rows should be laid off
on a level; then with largo turn plow throw
out dirt on both sides,making a deep wide fur
row. This done, very little spading or shovel
ing will be needed to prepare the holes for the
plants. It is well to work in a little manure
in each hole. This should consist of cow ma
nure and ashes; a little bone meal
may also be added to advantage. Get
one or tw r o year old vines. Cut
off the tops leaving only two buds on the wood
of the last year’s growth. Plant in sloping
position, leaving only two buds above the sur
face. Cultivate through spring and summer
like cotton. When the buds shoot, rub off
one, leaving the strongest and train it to a
stake, so as to got one strong vine.
B. F. 11., Marvin, Ga.: How does the “Duroc,”
or Jersey red hog stand south Georgia? Do you
think they are the hogs for this country? The firm
I bougnt from has a stock farm in Tennessee, and
they say they are the hog for the south. The pair
I bought are the finest ever seen iu this country aud
take almost nothing to keep them.
Has not been sufficiently tested in the ex
treme south to reach a satisfactory conclusion.
Wc are inclined, however, to the belief that
no breed excels the Berkshire.
J. M., Barnesville: I have a fine young mule that
is affected with something on knee of hind-leg;
she bears but little weight on it while standing,
when at work she favors it but little if any. There
is an enlargement on front knee joint about the
size of small egg, and sore when pressed upon. Can
you tell me what it is and how to treat it.
It is probably spavin. Shave the hair from
tumor and apply bromide of mercury—one
drachm to four ounces of lard—well rubbed in.
When well blistered wash off and dress with
simple lard. If the knot does not disappear,
repeat the application in ton days.
I. P., Greensboro, Hall county, Ala. I wish to put
some hill sides iu bermuda grass, and write to find
out which is the better and cheaper of the two fol
lowing plans; Whether to buy the seed and sow
with oats, or get the roots, of which there is an
abundance near at hand. My plan is to get the
grass started next year for a permanent pasture the
year after, and I de=ire a crop of oats from the land
the first year. Mention the best time to sow the
iand.
Don’t think you will find any burmuda grass
seed on the market. Have heard of none re
i cently. They were imported and sold in our
■ markets a few years ago, but none recently.
1 If the roots are convenient, got a full supply ;
wash them, and then cut up in short pieces in
: a straw feed cutter. Sow broadcast freely and
plow in with oats.
J. C. Jones, Wolfcn, Ga.: I wish some one in
Texas to correspondent with me that can furnish
jicans to plant. I also want to know if
pecans will do weli in fresh land.
The fresher and richer the land the better
they will grow. The pecan is 'a species of
hickory, and will grow well wherever the
latter does.
They Will Not Do It.
Those who once take Dr. Pierce’s "Pleasant
Purgative Pullets” will never consent to use
any'other cathartic. They are pleasant to
take and mild in their operation. Smaller
than ordinary pills aud inclosed in glass vials;
virtues unimpaired. By druggists.
YOU WILL BE FOOLISH
If you do not subscribe to Tux CoNSirTViiON at
onee!
I Why?
Because it Is the best, bigg'st, cheapest family
: paper in America. Every issue Is worth the dollar
I you pay tor a year.
Besides this you will get your name in our box of
Christmas presents, and if your name Is the first one
I taken out you will get 8590 In gold; ifseeoud 1200 In
I gold, and so on until the last present is given away.
Yon may not get the DOO iu gold; and you may
! net get the 8200 in gold; but you will certainly get
I the lest paper for the money you can get in the
; world.
If you subscribe to any other paper, you get a
, smaller paper, a poorer paper, and Lave no chance
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hesitate as to which to take? Won’t you he foolish
If you do not take Tux Coarrtrcriox at once?
DURING THE WEEK.
The Week’s Synopsis of General
and Local News
CONDENSED FOR OUR WEEKLY FRIENDS
Tuesday, December 13.—A collision between
two trains on the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad
resulted in the killing of three men, among them’
being Conductor Frey Tickets for the Sulllvan-
Miteliell prize fight in London sold os high as £ss»i
....In a difficulty between Charley Oglesby and
Dave Swearingin, two negroes, in Elbert county,
tho latter was instantly killed by the former by cut
ting his throat with a pocket knife... .Thirty-five
negro laborers on the Georgia Southern and Florida
railroad attacked! a negro named Henry Ashwood,
cutting and heating him in a lively manqer, from
the effects of which he will die.... Frank Moss, a
wealthy cattle raiser of Tazewell county, Va„ killed
a colored mail carrier named Burke Gordon, so
some trivial offense. Moss was crazy from the
effects of a protracted spree, aud has been placed in
a lunatic asylum.
In the City— Hon. Gustavus J. Orr, state school
commissioner, died at his residence last Sunday
morning with congestion of the brain. Mr. Orr hast
held the position of state school commissioner since’
1872, being appointed to the effi e by Governor
James M. Smith. He was a devout Christian and
died a painless death, surrounded by his entire
family and numerous sorrqjving friends.
Wednesday, December 14. The firm of D.
DeCiSiro, shipping and commission merchants,
of New York, have failed with liabilities 81 ,(.00,000,
assets 8750,000 William Finchum, sentenced to
be hanged iu Rockingham, Va., for the murder of
his brother, has been respited until December 30.
Henry S. Ives, the absconding cashier of the
defunct banking firm of 11. S. Ives & Co., who stole
8100,000 and skipped several months ago, has been
arrested. He was bailed in the sum of 825,000, his
sister becoming his bondswoman.
In the City— Judge James S. Hook, of Augusta,
has been appointed state school commissioner of
public schools, vice Dr. G. J. Orr, deceased. Judge
Hook was not a candidate for the position and mails
no application for it, and was consequently sur
prised when he received the appointment. Ilia
term will expire on January 1,1889, soon after the
session of the next general assembly’. Mr. E. H.
Orr, who has had long experience in all the details
of the office, will remain as first assistant.... The
license to retail liquor in tho city has been fixed by
the city council at 81,500, with the severest re
strictions. Licenses will not be issued to sell
whisky ou Whitehall lower than Mitchell streetj
on Peachtree from the railroad to Luckle; on Ma.
rietta from Peachtree to Forsyth; on Decatur from
Peachtree to Loyd; on Broad from Mitchell to
Luckie; on Mitchell from Forsyth street to White
hall, and so on, the territory covering a radius of
a quarter of a mile, where the saloons will be uudet
the strictest police regulations.
Thursday, December 15. —E. W. Marshall,
one of the most prominent merchants of South
Carolina, died in Greenville on Wednesday, in the
68th year of his age. He was a director in the First
National bank of Charleston... .E. S. Harper, tho
ex-banker of the Fidelity bank of Cincinnati, who
was sentenced to ten years in the penitentiary for
appropriating a few hundred thousands to his own
Use, has entered upon his duties at that institution,
donning'thd ktritiCs just like'the rest of the'"eeHb onre;
mon herd” The business portion of Orange City,
Fla., was reduced to ashes, causing a loss of 820,000.
Marietta was visited by a fire which destroyed
two or three business houses, entailing a loss of 825,-
000, with 818,000 insurance.... Pompey Calhoun, a
negro, dropped dead on Broad street, Augusta.
In tub City— Captain Mercer, of the police force,
was put under a 8100 bond for resenting the insult
of a prisoner whom he had arrested by knocking
him down with his stick....Two negroes beeama
engaged in a quarrel at a dance iu a house on Tan
yard branch, when Gordon, one of the parties to
the row, drew his pistol and sent a bullet crashing
through the mouth of Hooper, his adversary,
lodging in the back of ills head. Hooper lived only
a few hours, when he died in great agony.
Friday, December 16.— Joseph Knight, book
keeper of th i Manufacturers’ bank, of Philadelphia,
has been arrested for robbing the bank oi 8. i ,CCO. It
is said that be had been taking money for the past
twenty-five years, and lias just now got enough
St. Augustine, Fla:, was visited by another disas
trous fire, this time destroying property to the
amount of 8200,000 Governor Bodwell, of Maine,
died from congestion of the lungs, caused from ex
posure and overwork Mr. Frank Gordon, son ot
Governor John B. Gordon, W’tts married in Washing
ton city to Miss Kilbourn, a wealthy society belle, of
that city. The wedding was a brilliant affair, the
church being filled by distinguished people, among
whom were Senator Brown, Senator Colquitt. Mr,
Randall, Assistant Postmaster-General Harris. Mrs,
Justice Miller. Mr. and Mrs. Mu’drow, Mr. and M S 3
Chandler, Miss Foster, Mrs. Lamont, Mrs. McPher
son, Daron Von Sedartz, and many others Mr.
John Allison, secretary of state, Tennessee, and
Miss Sadie Vaughan, were married at the First
Presbyterian church, Nashville, Mr. A;q son hag
been secretary of state for several years, and was a
candidate for the democratic nomination tor «
governor before the last convention and is spoken ot
as a candidate injlßßß. His' bride is the youngest,
daughter of Colonel Michael Vaughan, of that city
and is accomplished and beautiful, possessing all
the many virtues that go to make up a model young
woman.
DIED IN GEORGIA.
In Macon—Mr. W. P. Goodall; Mr. J. E. J. Franks;
Mr. Joseph E. Wells.
In Atlanta—Hon. Gustavus J. Orr; Mr. Afton B.
Cook; Mrs. Alfred Dorsey; Mr. Mike Butler; Mr.
R. F. Atkins; Mrs. Catherine E. Valentino; Mr.
Robert F. Atkins: Robert M. Rosser.
In Fort Valley—Mr. Henry Sistrunk.
In Hawkinsville—Laws >n F. Way.
In Barnesville—Mr. W. A. Steed.
In Montezuma—Mrs. M. E. Fish; W. H. Htvrri*on,
Jr,
In Conyers—Mr. John Haygood.
In Chauncey—Charles C. Butler.
MARRIED IN GEORGIA.
In Quitman—Dr. S. S. Goulden to Miss Tillie Mc-
Call.
In Tennille—Mr. Isadora W. Newman to Miss
Lula Cole.
Iu Atlanta—Mr. 0, E. Ansley to Miss Allie Noble-,
Mr. Frank R. Logan to Miss Dinda Howard; Mr.
C, C. McClain to Miss Jessie Vaughan; Dr. Wm. IL
Leyden to Miss Lizzie McAllister; Mr. Charles F.
Barnwell to Miss Eliza Goldsmith; Mr. George W.
Denning to Miss Emma George; Mr. Homer Dawsen
to Miss Annie Jones.
In Athens—Mr. George C. Lacy to Miss Sallie Mo
Whoiter.
In Jonesboro—Professor Howell B. Parker to Mlaa
Minnie Harwell.
In Savannah—Mr. Wilbur F. Haygood to Miss
Mary Kogers.
In Sylvania—Mr. Johu M. Dalton to Miss Ida
Mooie.
i n Talbotton—Mr. T. P. Cellins to MLss Cenle A.
Halt
In Albany—Mr. Augustus S. Deutell to Miss noria
Shackelford.
Worth knowing.—To the old and young
alike, that Salvation Oil costs only 25 cents.
“Nothing succeeds like success,” and Dr.
Bull's Cough Syrup is wonderfully (successful.
The McCoy Case.
Tho acquittal of James Mi Coy, in Walker
County, who was charged with the murder of
United States Deputy Marshal W. D. Kellett,
recalls an old tragedy. On tire 6th of Decem
ber, 1885, Marshal Kellett was on Lookout
mountain with Calvin Young in his custody.
That night when they were crossing a creek,
some distance from any house, an unknown
person Cred and killed Kellett. Young was
afterward arrested |by Marshal Nelms, who
stated that James McCoy had made him prom
ise not to give the murderer’s name, under pen
alty of being killed himself if ire violated Ilia
promise. McCoy was arrested and tried, and
convicted of tlio murder at LaFayetto,
and sentenced to be hung. Tire su
premo court granted a new trial upon this
ground of duress, and upon tire second trial
McCoy was acquitted. Tire verdict created
great excitement.
For Throat Diseases and Coughs use
Bhoncihai Tbochbs. Like all really good things
they are Imitated. The genuine is sold only in
boxes.
z"A 1 days left in which ta
Only 1
•/ Subcribe at once,
or renew, or get a new nil,scr!ber In ten
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