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I Life and Times
I * b
’ Thomas Jefferson j
• Being the First Part o/a History o/the United States j+ '
CHAPTER LI.
Th* federalist school of historians have |
beet! very severe on Jefferson and Madi-
Hon because of the war of 1812. The
harshest words of the vocabulary have
been applied to them; and Mr. Theodore
Roosevelt has been intemperate enough
to say that Mr. Jefferson was perhaps
the most incapable executive that ever
filled the presidential chair." (J)
Living in New England. Woodrow Wil
son catches the color of the leaf upon
which he feeds; and he, also, raises his
southern voice in condemnation of Mr.
Jefferson, accusing him virtually with re
sponsibility for the war of 1812. "Mr.
Jefferson had become deeply entangled"
(with France) "beyond hope of extra a
tion, had become the professed friend of
France,” etc. "Friendly dealings With
England had been given up." etc
Was ever the truth of history so dis
torted? Di 1 Thomas Jefffferson really
yrovoke patient England into the war
of 1812 by giving to her the cold shoul
der, while to France he gave warm em
braces? Had our dealings with Great
Britain been friendly until our "most in
capable executive” entered upon rhe of
fice?
The literal facts are that our relations
to England ami to France had be* a
fixed before Mr. Jefferson was elected,
r.nd that he did n>t change them. Wash
ington had made the treaty with Great
Britain; Adams had made that with
France. Friendly ministers representing
both those powers were at Washington
when Jeft’erscn became pr sldent. an;
they remained throughout it's I'-rm.
In the purchase of Louisiana h* had
not entangled himself with X.<p>!<on at
all. In his efforts'to buy Florida from
Spain he asked the "good offices" of
France because it had been understood
that they would If give... Napoleon re
fused to say a word in o r behalt and
the matter ended What
that Jefferson had done tjiat had carried
him "beyond the hope of extrication?”
As to England, the facts are equally I
clear. Mr. Jefferson exhaust'd • very .
effort from first to last to seen: honor
able treaty relations after the expira- :
tion of the Jay treaty; ami he was so <
patient, so persistent, so earnestly eon- I
dilatory that nothing drove him to break
with England. Sb might S'-ize our m< r- i
chantmen. impress our -ailors, kill cit
izens in our harbors, as at New’ York; ;
riddle a war vessel and bloody its d. k,
as at the enframe of ; Chesapeake; i
and still the president strove for peace. ,
Josiah Quincy flung at him the taunt in I
congress that "Hi’- num J-tratioa cm::.l
not be kicked into war" with Great D: it- >
a In.
Yet the transplant- . so therner, Wo ■-
row Wilson, discovers that Jefferson
broke off fri. ~.!!y hillings with Eng- ,
lend and brought on the w.ir I.; go.ng .
so fur in fri-i dsliip to Frame th.it he A
v as "beyond hope of extrication.” <
Where rest- tr. kune fcr th.- war
with Great Britan It must have been i<
on her, for sT' " .tied the ora-is in i
council, stopped the iinprissrnent of sea- 1
men, recognized th principle that "free .
ships make free goods" -the points at ’
issue between us. I
Do Jelfe on and Madison deserve the
wh.. !< sale abuse they got from the fed- i
hralist school of historian.-:-abtise based 1
upon th" as- '"oil that the uititry w.f. t
rot put in state of defense? i
The president alone cannot prepare a <
republic for war He must be supported
by congress and the country It was the 1
misfortune of both Jefferson and Madison I ;
not to have that support. ■ i
The greatest weakness In tile position i 1
of these two presidents at this crisis was I
New England That gr, at section was > 1
honeycombed with conspiracy and the j '
impulse toward secession. Presidents I
and presidential policies were denounced I:
NEW JERSEY’S MONUMENT
AT ANTIETAM UNVEILED
Sharpsburg, MJ.. Sopt.-m .-r 17. I’mler
lowering skies the ma till! ■ ■ tnonu-
■
of Antietam . y tie- 1 -' ,>•> f N<w
Jersey to its men who fell in the great
engagement, was dedicated t.idav. The
occasion was ren.li'i'-.i ; .irti • larlj not ;
hie by the partlcpation in the remonies
of the president of the I - t. .1 States and
of Governor Morph’ ti e .>?•■ . XC'ii'llve
of the state will h Was honoring its he-
At Hagerstown, Md., tile pr slJent ad
dressed several hundred pe*>pl«'.
At 10 <>'< '■> 1; tile president and Gov
ernor Mnt ulit , tneompauied by Senators
Kean and 1 ir entire party and
hundreds of Itlzeirs, I.■:’(;> Sharpsburg
station for tie' Lunou- old Dirnkard
church on the bat 1 !' he'd Os Antietam.
There the veteran, formed in columns
of four.- dent. Gox
emor Murphy and distinguished guests
to the monument.
The m< of an
ornate Corinthian column of granite 40
feet high, surmo.inte i ay a heroic figure
In bronze of nt officer with upraised
sword leading his men in charge.
Governor Murphy, of New Jersey, ac
cepted tlie monument in m address.
President Roosevelt. as lie arose to ac
cept tlie monument on behalf of the fed
eral government, was act orded an ova
tion. Part of the speech follows;
President Roosevelt's Speech.
The president said. In part-
Glovernnir Murphy; ami You, Veter
ans of New Jersey: and You. Men of
the Grand Army, and All Others Here.
J Greet You: I thank yon of N»w
jersey for the monument to the troops
of New Jersey who fought at Antietam,
end on behalf of the nation 1 accept the
gift. We meet today' upon one of the
great battle fields of the civil war.
No o'her battle of the civil war last
ing but one day shows as great a per
centage of loss as that which occurred
here upon the day on which Antietam
was fought. Moreover, In its ultimate
effects this battle was of momentous and
ever decisive importance, for when it
had ended and Lge had retreated south
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[ln pulpits, newspapers, town meetings,
legislatures and gubernatorial proclama
tions. Treasonable correspondence with
Great Britain was kept up, her repre
sentatives were encouraged by New Eng
land leaders to resist all of the presiden
tial overtures for honorable adjustment,
signal lights blazed along her coasts
giving friendly notice to British ships.
Thus these two presidents were placed
in the most embarrassing position ever
occupied bj American presidents; they
had to cope at the same time with sedi
tion at home and invasion abroad.
This great indisputable fact not only
accounts for the lack of executive vigor,
but explains also the secret of tin: disas
ters which befell our arms. The attitude
of New England demoralized the soldiers
tn the ranks. How could they put heart
in the light when one great portion of
the national family was denouncing the
war as infamous, tolling the bells, hang
ing out public signs of mourning, hold
Ing communications with the enemy, and
threatening secession from the union?
For instance, there was General Hull,
ol Connecticut, who had fought bravely
in the revolutionary war. Placed inside
the fort at Detroit, the safety of the en
tire northwest depended upon his main
tenance of his post, yet when an army
of British and Indians, no larger than
his own, came up on the outside of the
works and demanded ills surrender, lie
ran up the cowardly white flag- without
tiring a shot. We not only lost the north
west by this shameful capitulation, but
its demoralizing influence was beyond all
calculation.
What was the matter with officers and
men? Why had tiie American soldier so
suddenly lost his luck and his pluck?
There is but one explanation. They had
no stomach fur the war. The course
of New England divided and paralyzed
the men behind the guns.
Mr. Roosevelt explains it ail by saying
that the troops had not been drilled.
Jefferson and Madison had been neglect
ing the drilling. Did soldiers inside of a
fort need drilling to hold it against Brit
ish and Indians outside? Could discipline
and experience do any good where the
veteran general of the revolutionary war
rat on the ground witli tobacco juice
oozing down his chin, refusing to give
the order to fight?
Was the young Virginian hero, George
i rogan, helped by drilled soldiers when
with IGO men lie held Fort Stephenson
against an army of British and Indians'.'
M re the twenty-eight Georgians who.
under William Cone, drove away from
the St. Mary river twenty-seven barge
loads of British regulars under General
Prevost—killing 18’u and wounding as
many-were they drilled soldiers?
Who drilled the riflemen who rode to j
King's mountain?
No sane man underrates the value of
drill and discipline, the regular army or
ganization. but some of the defeats of the
war of 1812 were so Inexcusable that they
challenge inquiry into luses. Volunteer
soldiers did great things during bur rev
olution, during our Indian wars, and dur
Ing ti>e late civil war. The magnificent
fighting done by the heroic Boers in their
recent struggle for freedom, against a
world in arms, was not. due to drilling or ;
to regular organization.
What, then, was the secret of the dis
asters of the land forces of the war of
IM2? More than anything else. it was
the lack of patriotism in New England
and tiie evil, weakening influence of her
example.
For the. American had done sublime
things and it was in hint to do them
yet. .-11 l that he needed was a leader who
put bls heart into the light, and who
meant to win or die.
And at last we found him. While New
England delegates were getting r- ady to >
.—
<|) Roosevelt - s Naval Mar of 1812, vol. I
xl. p. 198. I
of the Potomac, Lincoln forthwith pub
lished that immortal paper, the prelim
inary declaration of emancipation; the pa
per which decided that the civil war,
besides being a war for the preservation
of the union, should be a war for the
emancipation of the slave, so that from
that time onward the causes of union
and freedom, of national greatness and
Individual liberty, were one and the
same.
Men of New Jersey, I congratulate
your state because she has the right
to claim her full share in lire honor and
glory of that memorable day: and 1 con
gratulate you, Governor Murphy, because
on that day you had the high good
fortune to serve as a lad with credit anu
honor in one of the live regiments which
your state.sept to the battle.
if the issue of Antietam had been
other than it was, it is probable that at
least two great .European powers would
have recognized the independence of tire
confederacy; so that you who fought here
forty-one years ago have’the profound
satisfaction of feeling tiiat you played
well your part in one of .those crises big
with .tlie fate of all mankind. You men
of the grand army by your victory not
only rendered all Americans your debt
ors forevermore, but you rendered all hu
manity your debtors, if the union had
been dissolved, if the great edifice built
with blood and sweat and tears by mighty
Washington and ills compeers had gone
down in wreck and ruin, the result would
have been an jpcalculable calamity, not
only for our people-and most of all for
those who, in such event, would have
seemingly triumphed—but for all man
kind.
The great American republic would
have become a memory of derision; and
tile failure of the experiment of self
government by a great people on a great
scale would have delighted the heart of
every foe of republican institutions. Our
country, now so great and so wonderful,
would have been split into little jangling
rival nationalities, each witli a history
both bloody and contemptible. It was
because you. the men who wear the but
ton of the Grand Army, triumphed in
I those dark years that every American
I now holds his head high, proud in the
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION: ATLANTA. GA.. MONDAY. SEPTEMBER SI, 1903,
travel to Hartford to hold the first seces
sion convention ever held on this conti
nent, the volunteers of the south were
trumping along the country roads as fast
as they could go—to meet face to face
the trained, seasoned, thoroughly drilled
British soldiers who had chased the ea
gles of Napoleon from every battle field
In Spain. And there these volunteers
whom Jefferson and Madison had not
drilled, but whom Andrew Jacksor knew
how to lead, gave to Great Britain the
bloodiest defeat which a small force ever
inflicted on a larger one in the history
of modern warfare.
Mr. Roosevelt’s War of ISJ2 was written
in 1882. At that time it may have been
thought by military experts that the da.i
of the militia, the untrained volunteers,
was eternally over.
It was after 1882 that the undrilled
farmers of South Africa taxed tile utmost
strengtli of the British empire and ex
hausted themselves beating the British.
It was after 1882 that Theodore Roosevelt
I "Ok his midrilled volunteer.-, the Rough
Riders, to tiie Spanish war and led them
to victory and immortality at San Juan.
The speed of the fleet being that of the
slowest vessel, the strength of the chain
being that <>f the weakest link, Mr. Jef
ferson and Mr. Madison were both aw
fully weighed down by tho disunion
movements in the lieiiest. best educated,
most religious and best organized section
of the union.
Historians who will not grant them al
lowance for this terrible weakness in
their position are mere partisans—not his
torians. How the disloyal attitude of
New England affected Mr. Midisou. let
■William Wirt teil. lie went on a visit to
Washington just after the British, raid.
In a letter to his wife iie describes tha
ruins and desolation of the city; he visit.
i d the remnants of the white house, the
smoke-blackened bare walls, without
roof, cracked and ready to fall, lie call
ed on the president. "He looks miser
ably shattered ;nd woebegone. In short,
he looked heai 1 broken. His mind is full
of the N' w England sedition." Mr. Mad
ison Introduced the subject, expressed his
fi-ars that New England would secede
and make common cause with Great Brit
ain. Mr. Wirt tried to calm his appre
hensions upon that subject, but without
success. "His mind and heart were full
of the subject.”
Heart-broken by the conduct of New
England I
If that w.is the feeling of the president,
what must have been the spirit of the
New England troops—to say nothing of
the others? Washington had been looted.
Hie public buildings wrecked, an army of
7,000 put to flight by the mere appearance
: of tiie British, who numbered 5.000.* The.
I President, his wife, the cabinet, congress
—all hud to tly Hie capitol. in a little hut
in the Virginia woods Mr. Madison spent
a nig’ht in misery while, his wife contin
ued her retreat. Fugitives from 'Wash
ington insulted him as they ll"d—a.s the
author of their misfortunes In Hamp
ton it v.i.s reported that the Britisli had
commit ed • verj outrage known to war
and had invited the negroes to join them
in the atrocities. Baltimore was more
; fortunate. The British met bloody re
pulse—their commander. General Ross,
being among the slain.**
*On Hie way up the Potomac, when the.
British ve-stls were passing Mount Ver
non the officers stood on deck witli their
hats off—a silent tribute to George Wash
ington.
♦•Readers will remember that Francis
S. Key imd been sent on board a British
ship to negotiate an exchange of prison
ers, that lie w.is detained through the
bombardment and that, next morning
when he saw tiie Stars and Stripes still
i flouting above lore McHenry he wrote
j the "Star-Spangled Banner” under the
inspiration of his joy.
■ Writing- to William Gary Nicholas, Mr.
knowledge that lie belongs to a nation I
whose glorious past and great present will I
is- c. i ded by an even mightier fu- j
ture; Wherias had you failed we would I
all of us. north and south, east and west, I
be now treated by other nations at the |
best witli contemptuous tolerance; at tlie I
worst with overbearing insolence.
The patriotism, the courage, the un
flinching resolution and steadfast endur
ance' of tiie soldiers whose triumph was
crowned at Appomattox must be sup
plemented on our part by civic courage,
civic honesty, cool sanity, and steadfast
adherence to the immutable laws of
righteousness.
Tribute to Men of Dixie.
You left us a reunited country; reunited
in fact as well as in name. You left us
the right of brotherhood with your gal
lant foes who wore tlie gray; the right to |
feel pride in their courage and their high •
fealty to an ideal, even though they war- I
red against the stars in their courses. ■
You left us also the most splendid exant- I
pie of what brotherhood really means; for I
in your careers von showed in practical
fashion that tlie only safety in our Amer
lean life lies in spurning the accidental
distinctions which sunder one man from
another, and in paying homage to each
man only because of what he essentially
is; in stripping off the husks of occupa
tion, of position, of accident, until the
soul stands forth revealed, and we know
the man only because of Ills worth as a
man.
Tie re was no patent device for securing
vietory by force of arms forty' years ago;
and there is- no patent device for securing
vietory for the forces of righteousness tn
civil life now. In each case the all-im
portant factor was and is the character of
' the individual man. Good laws in the
state, like a good organization in an
army, are tlie expressions of national
■ character.
Leaders will be developed In military
and in civil life alike; and weapons and
tactics change from generation to gen
eiatfon, as methods of achieving good
t government change tn civic affairs; but
f tlie fundamental qualities which make
r for good citizenship do not change any
I, more than the fundamental qualities
g which make good soldiers. In the long
v tun in the civil war tlie thing that eount
s >'d for more than aught else was the
. fact that the average Aineri.-an had the
n lighting edge-; had within him the spirit
„ I which spurred him on through toll and
e | (larger, fatigue an.l hardship, to the goal
;of the splendid ultimate triumph. So
in achieving good government Hie fun
damental factor must lie the character
of the aveiage citizen; that average citi
zen's power of hatred for what is mean
and base and unlovely; his fearless scorn
of cowardice and his determination to
war unyieldingly against the dark and
sordid forces of evil.
The continental troops who followed
Wt st ington were clad tn blue and buff,
ai d were armed with clumsy, flintlock
muskets. You, who follow’'d Grant,
vi re the famous old blue uniform, and
your weapons had changed ns had your
eiiform; and new the men of the Ameri
can army who uphold tlie honor of th<
flag in the far tropic lands arc yet dif
ferently armed and differently clad and
■ Madison says: "You are not mistaken in
viewing the conduct of the eastern states
1 as the source of our greatest difficulties
in carrying on the war; as it certainly
Is the greatest, if not the sole inducement
to the enemy to persevere in it.”
This was tiie truth—the simple, ruinous
truth. New England not only weakened
the republic in the hour of distress, but
strengthened the enemy. Stephen Decatur
blockaded in New England. Connecticut,
by a superior fleet of British, and attempt
ing to steal out to sea on a dark night,
was betrayed by his own New England
countrymen who displayed blue lights to
warn the English ships.
Heartbroken by the treason of his peo
ple and fearful of a. disruption of the
union, Mr. Madison was forced to con
sent to a. peace which left unsettled the
issues in dispute. But for Jackson’s vic
tory at New Orleans, tiie war of 1812 would
have been a remembrance to excite shame
rather than pride.
Due to Jefferson’s "criminal folly" in
not preparing the country, says Mr.
Roosevelt. "Criminal is a term
which might better be applied to the
congress which would not supply tho
sinews of war and to the course of that
great section which divided the house
against itself. The one bright spot on
our war record from the first was our
navy. Whose '‘criminal folly" made that
navy efficient, gave it a taste of service
and of victory? Thomas Jefferson did it
by declaring war upon Washington's
"great and magnanimous friend,” tiie
"Barbary pirate."
Instead of Sending tribute and letters
of flattery, Jefferson sent warships. Dale,
Bainbridge, Decatur, made the Mediter
ranean training ground for the young
American navy, exercised it in aictual
battle, strengthened it on the strong wine
of victory and thus made it ready for
the war of 1812. That this was done, that,
we fought the Mohammedans rather than
continue to pay them, that we had a
navy which had learned how to tight
and how to win, was due to the timid, in
capable executive. Thomas Jefferson.
The arm which cannot be improvised is
the navy, and tile glory of tiie war of
1812 was won on tiie sea. Ferry, Mc-
Donough, Decatur, Hull, Lawrence, are
names Americans will ever honor.
So it would seem that somebody had
been making naval preparations I’m- war.
To the impartial student it will also ap
pear that what the army most needed
was generals who were willing to fight
and knew how, ami a spirit of determina
tion in the troops.
' Tiie cit.v of Baltimore was In no very
good condition to resist the Britisli, and
there was talk in tiie council of capitu
lation. The venerable John Eager How
ard rose with all bis revolutionary hero
ism aflame, and cried:
"I have as much property in this city
as any one man, anil 1 have five sons
in tiie army—but sooner than surrender
to the British I will sacrifice my prop
erty and see my sons in their graves."
One man like this inspires a whole com
munity, becomes a tow r of strength to
the weak, a beacon light, to the doubtful,
a bugle-blast to tin 1 wavering.
To make tile salvation of a nation de
pend upon drill sergeants and West Point
regulations is the veriest nonsense that
was ever put in a book—-the mental soap
bubble of rampant militarism.
CHAPTER LIT.
One day a grandchild of Mr. Jefferson
asked him why he would not state his
religious creecT; he replied:
"If l inform you of mine, they will in
fluence yours—l will not take the re
sponsibility of directing any one’s views
on flic subject.”
in his letters, he enters so frankly into
his beliefs that nothing is left to conjec
ture. JI.- believ-d in God-one, not three.
He believed in a future life in which
we should know those whom we had I
I 'ilfferentlv trained; but the .-pint tnat
I has driven you all to vietory has re-
In.ircd forever unchanged.
I So it is in civil life. As you did not
"i;i in a month or a year, but "hly afier
lorg wars of in.rd and dangerous work,
Iso the light for governmental honesty
and efficiency can be won * nly by the
display of similar patience and similar
resolution an t power of en .lurance. We
need the same type of character now
ll.at was needed by the men who with
Washington first inaugurated lb" system
of free 1 oj.t.lar government. the system
of combined liberty and order Imre on
this ccntlnent; tiiat w is. needed by the
men who under Lincoln perp-'lna ted the
gmarr.ment which had lints been in
augurated in tlie days of Washington.
The qualities essential to good citizen
ship and to good public s r.-ice new' are
in all their essentials exactly the same as ;
j<n the il.'ivs when the fir-r congresses
I met to provide for the establishment of
I the union; as in the days, seventy years
I later, when the congresses met which
j ha I to provide for its salvation.
There are many qualities which we
I need alike in private citizen and in pttb
! lie man, but three above .all- three for
tlie lack of wl leh no brilliancy and no
genius can atene —and those three are
court ge. honesty, an.l common sense.
While President Roosevelt was speak
ing rain began to fall In torrents. The
stand bad a canvas cover but the water
wont through It as if It was a sieve.
When a by-stander offered to hold over
hint an umbrella the president waved it
aside, remarking:
“I don’t care for IL If (indicating- the
assemblage) they can stand it 1 can.”
Turning to the crowd he said, laugh
ingly:
"I don't feel sorry for you old veterans.
You will not melt'. I do feel sorry for
the ladies.”
After the benediction had been pro
notiTi'ced the president held an infornni.l
reception In the rain, shaking hands witli
several hundred ex-soldiers,
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AH correspondence is strictly confidential,
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i4'**b<4-«*{-**!'**l**4***t**4**4 , *4** , i***i***i'**i
Si •
' i
( •
H
known here. He believed that religion
consisted in being good and doing good.
He believed In a benevolent design In
creation. If he can be classed witli any
church at all. he was a Unitarian. He
was certainly not more orthodox than
that. In one of his letters he calls him
self a materialist, contrasting himseif
with Christ, who was a spiritualist. Ho
rejected the Trinity, the divinity of
Christ, and the Holy Ghost.
lie classed Jesus with Socrates, ami
other great teachers, regretting that He
wrote nothing, and that wo have to take
so much of His doctrine on hearsay.
lie, (Jesus) had no one to write for Him
as Socrates and Epictetus had, but, on
the contrary, tiie learned men of his
country were all against him for fear
that His teachings might undermine their
power and riches. His doctrines therefore
fell to ignorant men, who wrote from
memory long after the transactions had
passed.
Notwithstanding these disadvantages,
Jesus presented a system of morals which
If tilled up in tho spirit of the rich frag
ments He left us would be the most per
fect and sublime that has ever been
taught by man. Whether Mr. Jefferson
was acquainted with the system of
morals taught among the Hindus long
before tiie time of Jesus nowhere appears.
It would seem that he compared the
system of Jesus with tlje moral teach
ings of the Jews, the Romans and the
Greeks—not with those of ancient Egypt
or of India.
He says that Jesus, like other reform
ers who try to benefit mankind, fell a
victim to the jealousy and combination
of the altar and the throne. Hence he
did not reach the full maturity and en
ergy of his reasoning faculties, and his
doctrines were defective as a whole.
What he did say has come down to us
mutilated, misstated and often unintel
ligible.
These fragmentary doctrines have been
still more disfigured by the corruptions
oj |schisn<atizing followers, who have
found an interest in perverting the sim
ple doctrines he taught, frittering them
into subtleties, obscuring them with jar
gon until they have caused good men to
reject the whole in disgust, and to view
Jesus Himself as an impostor. He con
tended that it was the priest—not Jesus
Himself, who put forward tho claims that
His origin was miraculous and divine. ILo
read the Bible just as he read Euripides,
Aeschylus or Xenophon. From the New
Testament he made the volume called
Jefferson’s Bible, which contains the life
and teachings of Christ, omitting every
thing about His miraculous birth and
re surreotiun.
In writing to a friend about this little
book Mr. Jefferson regretted that he
did not have time to prepare a similar
volume from the teachings of Epicurus
-a philosopher whom he defends against
Cicero and the Stolid. Writing to the
son of his dearest friend, Dabney Carr,
he tells this young man, his nephew 4
to put the Bible on a par with Livy and
Tacitus, to read the one just as he
would the others; and by ’ Inference as
plain as. inference can be, advises him
t-> reject Hie story that Joshua made
the sun stand still, and that Christ was
the Son of God, born of a virgin, who
reversed ail the laws of nature and as
cended bodily into heaven. He tells his
young nephew that when he reads of a
miracle in the Bible he ought to class it
with tiie showers of blood and the statues
and animals which In the books of Livy
and Tacitus are made to speak. Ta
other letters he charges in effect that
tho early founders of the Christian church
borrowed the idea of the Trinity from
tiie Roman Cerberus, which had one body
and three heads. Calvin's creed excited
his especial horror; and his language was
never more violent than when denounc
ing it.
But the doctrine of the Trinity aroused
CARRIED OUT WILD OF KING.
Showing the Devotion of Prince Bis
marck to Wilhelm I.
New York, September 14.—An addition
al chapter in the history of the world
will be published lu re and in I-ondon
tomorrow by the Frederck A. Stokes
Company. It consists of tlie correspond
ence between William I and Bismarck
and other letters from and to Prince Bis
marck. In two volumes.
These letters, It is stated, me publish
ed by tlie late Prince Bismarck's express
desire, as lie considered they would show
Better than can be done in any other
way “the unique relationship which ex
sited between him and his august mas
ter.” Tiie prince himself selected these
letters, which were found, after his
death, carefully arranged in portfolios.
That William I had a firm hold of the
helm of state may be judged from a
letter which he sent to Bismarck Janu
ary 27, 1863, reading:
"I want to remind you, in connection
with today’s battle, that today is the
birthday of my grandson, my secund suc
cessor, if God so wills, which might per
haps lie mentioned In a patriotic sen
tence If it could be made convenient.
“Good luck to you. Make it very clear
that the second (lower) house is abusing
its rights and is working- tiie ruin of tlie
country; that tile upper house has also
used its rights and has placed itself on
the side of the government.”
How well Bismarck carried out his
master’s will and introduced tlie “pa
triotic sentence” can be seen in the fol
lowing extract from a. speech which he
made tlie same day, January 27, 1863,
in tlie landtag. Tie said:
"it’s a remarkable coincidence that the
discussion of this manifesto which is
to be presented to our royal master
takes place on the birthday of the young
est presumptive heir to the throne. In
this coincidence, gentlemen, we see a re
doubled call to enter the lists boldly for
the kingly rights, boldly for the rights
of his majesty’s successors. The Pros
sian kingly office has not yet fulfilled its
mission: it is not yet ready to become a
'purely ornamental decoration of your
constitution.’’
Througborjjt volume I Is shown Bis
marck’s devotion to the king- of Prussia
and the latter’s great ability to guide the
policy of his kingdom and influence tlie
polities of other countries.
The second volume contains correspond
ence between Bismarck and other notable,
personages.
MYSTERY ENVELOPS MURDER.
Body of Unknown Young’ White Man
Is Found in Watermelon Car.
Charleston, AV. Va., September I a.—The
dead body of a young white mart was dis
covered in a freight car loaded with wa
termelons In the Chesapeake and Ohio
railroad yards here today. His skull was
fractured and the pockets of his clothing
turned right side out, indicating mur
der, with robbery as a motive. From pa-
• * By * |
i j Thos. E. Watson, j
• ' +
e i Author of
tStory o/ France, j
• ’ "Napoleon/’ Etc. +
I i C HXM. »» T*«. •
his indignation also because It compelled
the individual to take leave of his senses.
He thought that to compel a sane person
to declare that he believed three to be
cne, and one to be three, was a priestly
triumph over common sense which was
degrading to the human race.
In 1828 he wrote, “I tn.st there Is not
a young man now living In the I nited
States who v ill not iie a Unitarian."
And In his letter to Pickering lie speaks
glowingly of what might result if we
could get back to the pure and simple doe
trine of Jesus—knocking down artificial
scaffolding of the Trinitarians and doing
away witli their incomprehensible Jargon
that three are one and one are three.
He said that the Apocalypse were the
ri x ings of a maniac. Nobody could pos
sibly understand what it meant. But
what theologian ever wrote a more beau
tiful letter than this, which tiie great
deist left for his little namesake, Thiiiws
Jefferson Smith.
"This letter will, tc you, be as one
from the dead. The writer will be in
his grave before you can weigh its coun
sel. Adore God. Reverence and cherish
ycur parents. Love your neighbor as
yourself and your country more than
yovrself. Be just. Be true. Murmur
not of the ways of Providence.
"So shall the life into which you have
entered be the portal to one of eternal
and Ineffable bliss. And If to the dead
ft be permitted to care for the things
of this world, every action of your life
v ill be under my regard.”
This was written tiie year before he
died.
To Peter Carr, son of Dabney, he
wrote:
"Give up money, give up fame, give
up science, give up earth itself, and all
it contains, rather than do an immoral
act."
Mr. Jefferson had always taken a deep
interest In guiding young men in their
education, their reading, their studies,
and their physical exercises. Even when
he himself had barely finished his collegi
ate course parents sought his advice as
to the course of study for their boys. In
this way he mapped out a. programme
for weakly little James Madison which
camo near making a gap In the Madison
family. Janus vould not carry the loa.l
which the strength of Thomas Jefferson
shouldered with ease. To his two daugh
ters and the Carr children, and then to
his own grandchildren, Mr. Jefferson
wrote line upon line and precept upon
precept for three generations, and sounder
lessons for the young it would be hard
to find.
His system may be summed up as fol
lows:
Exercise In the open air. walking long
distances being preferable to all other
forms. Violent exercises, such ns games
of ball, he condemned. Bodily health is
essential to good spirits and to 'a sound
mind. Never be idle; let each hour of
the day be occupied with something use
ful.
Do not sit up late at night; study and
work in the daytime. Rise early and go
to bed early. Avoid novel reading and
cultivate the companionship of good
books. Never tell a lie or stoop to a mean
act. Be kind to every living creature.
Speak no evil of any one. Be good, adore
God, be loyal to friends, and love your
country better than yourself. Take hold
of things by the smooth handle; avoid dis
putes; do not turn pleasant conversation
into heated argument. Too much speak
ing is not best. Washington and Franklin
rarely made speeches, and never spoke
longer than ten minutes—and then to the
main point only. Never put off till tomor
row' what you can do today. Never spend
your money before you have it. Never
buy what you do not need because it is
cheap. Pride costs more than hunger,
thirst and cold. We never repent of hav
ing eaten too little. Never borrow trouble.
In his old age it was natural that his
pers found It is thought his name Is
Ahold.
The car had been shipped from a point
in Virginia near Richmond and arrived
here last week, but has not been opened,
the agent having no bill for it. The con
dition of the body indicated that the man
liad been dead several days. He was
buried today by order of Gu <jC»-oner. The
authorities are working on the case.
•.
Do You Suffer with PF.es?
Do they protrude?
Do they bleed?
Do they..pain you?
Do you have mucous or bloody dta
charges?
I can certainly cure you. Write me
fully. Advice perfectly free. Dr.
Tucker, 15 Broad street. Atlanta, Ga.
Oklahoma Bank Robbed.
Enid, Okla., September 17.—The Dou
glass State bank at Douglass was rob
bed last night of over $5,000. Tj Je sa f a
was blown open with dynamite. A posse
is now scouring the country for the
thieves.
“Bill Arp’s” Last Book.
“From the Uncivil War to Date.
1861 to 1903.”
With The Weekly Constitution One Year
ONLY $2.00.
Last Opportunity to Secure This Delight
ful Volume.
This new book by “Bill Arp” contains fifty-six of his inimita
ble letters. Tne selection of them was made by Colonel Smith him.
Th. letter. ... .11 .h„..t„l. lic tl ,t. home.p”.
ZL.'MwiXY' “>• p„ pl . „ lone b ’ hl .
The book contains 410 pages, is upon splendid paper is well
printed and bound in cloth and is an ornament to any liiran The
offer is to furnish the book with The Weekly ConstituHcr. 7’
for only $2. Part of the proceeds of the sale X’ ! ?
Charles H. Smith, Bill Arp’s widow, in her declining yeurJ' POr ir3 ’
If you are already a subscriber to The Weeklv CnLotY .
wish the book alone. IT WILL BE MAILED TO YOU UPON X
CEIPT OF THE PUBLISHER’S PRICE, $1.25 THIS IS YOT
OPPORTUNITY. ? ' IHIS iS YOUK*
Address .11 orders, with remltt.tte., by „ f , methods>
. The Atlanta Constitution, - - - Atlanta, Ga.
interest in the young should Increase.
From all parts of the country application*
came to him to advise students who ap
preciated the value of his wisdom. Noth
ing pleased him better than to give am
bitious boys the benefit of his experience,
and to whet their appetite for knowledge.
Thus disciples gathered about him—
young men who would secure board in
Charlottesville and come to Monticello to
use his library.
Education’ Education! The word rings
throughout th'’ long life of this great
statesman. Democracy must spread
among the masses the benefits of educa
tion; Hie rich must not be allowed to mo
nopolize so vast a power.
In the long run the mind rules, ideas
prevail, the thinker is king. If democracy
is to stand Its ground against its ancient
eternal foes, it must read, it must think,
it must know!
When a mere youth in service he had
endeavored to adopt a thorough system
of state education. He had failed utterly,
but he <~i not surrender the purpose.
With patient stubbornness he held on to
the idea all his life, and never missed a
chance to win converts to it.
Therefore it was an appropriate round
Ing out of his bequest to posterity that
he should give his last years to found
ing the University of Virginia. It was
the old workman’s last job and one of
bis best. Had he done for mankind
nothing more I is name would have won
hcncrable mention among those w ho had
benefited the human race. What a
chapter of heroic endeavor and success
It is! The aged, feeble, debt-ridden man
giving a thousand dollars, giving al! of
his influence, experli nee, and genius, us
ing every act of diplomacy witli factions,
captious legislatures, srnoothir g the sharp
corners of local prejudice ar d. sectarian
jealousy, giving nis thought, time, and
labor to every detail of the building and
equipment, laboring to overcome inertia,
ignorance, crass stupidity, submitting to
many slights, snubs, rebuffs, rebukes,
misrepresentation, but holding on stead
ily year by yea.r until at last the insti
tution is there, soaring above all Ob
stacles ar.d onpositicn, a fixed fact, a
glorious fact.Ja splendid final triumph to
this grand oVI warrior In the battles of
human progress.
It was tiie first thoroughly rrodern
school in America.
This Benjamin of his o!d age—his uni
versity—came near being wrecked by his
own nephew, a boy whom ho had been
steeping in sage counsels of ten years.
A mutinous spirit among the stud
ents until, .it length, discipline was at
an end and riot took the place of order.
The faculty was helpless. Jefferson_and
Madison hurried to the scene, spoke to
the students with all the earnestness
such a crisis aroused in these aged ex
pivsidcnts, and succeeded in quelling the
disturbance. When Mr. Jefferson dis
covered tb.it his own nephew had come
so ne.-f> ruining the institution v*. Hi had,
cost him so much, and upon which his
hepes were so fondly fixed his anger was
great, and his words har ii. This nephew
and other ringleaders were expelled.
(To Be Continued.)
•—.—.—
BON-TJED RATES ARE REDUCED
Fire Underwriters Decide To Reduce
Rates on Whisky in Bond.
New York. September 19.—Insurance
rates on bonded whisky have been reduced
5 Oper cent by the Western Union of
Fire Underwriters in annual session here,
says a Toronto, Ontario, dispatch to The
Jo-urnal of Commerce. Owing to the strict
supervision of the government over bond
ed houses the fire hazard is the small
est. Business has been very ixrofitn.ble,
seven or eight years. Rates have been
kept up, however, and in consequence
there having been practically no losses tn
the competition for the business bias been
very severe. The Kentucky and Tennes
see agents asked to have commissions
thrown open so that they could fight. Jfor
the business, but the special committee
to which the question was referred re
ported unanimously in favor of cutting
the rate in two instead.
' DEATH OF SARONY. THE ARTIST
> Well-Known Photographer Dies at
His Home in New York.
’ • New York. September 14.—Otto Sarony,
: who for nearly thirty years had an in-
• ternational reputation for his work in
pertrait photography, is dead at his
home In this city from phthisis. H" was
the sen of Napoleon Sarony, the crayon
artist, and was well known among mem
bers of the theatrical profession.
Mexican Veteran Association.
j Indianapolis. September 17—The Na
j tlonal Association of Mexican Veterans
; today elected the following officers: P-.-.-' t
j ident, James C. Carlton. Bedford Ind •
| vice president, S. P. Tufts, Centralia’
Ilk.; secretary, Mrs. Moore Murdock.
Fort Worth. Tex.; treasurer. Leroy Wi
ley, Paris, Ills, Colonel \V. C. P Breck
Inridge, of Kentucky, addressed Jhe con
vention this morning.