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QUALITY OF SEED IS VITAL
TO QUANTITY OF CORN GROWN
The quantity and quality of the
corn you will harvest next fall de
pand, first, on the kind of seed you
plant this spring. Perfect culture
and the best weather in the world
canno t remedy the initial eveil if
you plant poor seed.
A good seed corn, say specialists
of the United States department of
agriculture, is one that is adapted
to the locality, is grown on the most
productive plants of a productive
variety, is well matured and pre
served from ripening to planting time
in such away that the full vigor
of the seed will be retained.
It should have been selected in the
fall from the stalk, but if that was
neglected, all that can be done now
is to obtain a uniform type of seed
true to varietal characteristics and
that will grow.
The mere fact that the kernsl will
sprout in a germinator is not the
whole story. Recent experiments
have shown that weak sprouts may
be indications of disease, that simi
lar seed when planted is likely not
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The shoes offered here are such wonderful values that we gladly send them, no money down. _
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I advance before receiving the shoes. Why pay out $6, $8 or more for
I shoes not nearly so good? Act now. Mail the coupon today while this W
I special offer holds good. Pay only when shoes arrive.
£*! Work Shoe Offer HSIML
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lish Dress Shoe
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_ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ —— __ __
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9 Leonard-Morton & Co. Dept. 2870 Chicago
Send at once the shoes which I have marked Xin below. I
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I—l Work Shoes O Dress Shoes
I—l No. A18027 $4.29 l—J No. A15105 $4.69
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| Size
Leonard-Morton Co. g Name
Dept. 2876 Chicago -
THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL.
Rag-Doll Tester Efficient
The rag-doll method of testing
individual ears of corn is one of
the simplest and most economical,
and is efficient, says the United
States department of agriculture.
The tester consists of a strip of
cloth, preferably bleached mus
lin, sixteen inches wide and from
three to five feet long. The cloth
should be marked off into square
sections and the squares all num
bered. The ears to be tested
should also be given correspond
ing numbers. Six or more kernels
should be selected from different
parts of each ear, and placed in
the proper section.
When the tester is filled, fold
over each side so that the edges
meet in the center, roll up, and
soak the tester for a few hours
in lukewarm water. Drain off the
excess water and place the dolls
in a warm place for the seed to
germinate. They should be cov
ered with a wet cloth to keep
them moist, and in about five
days the seed should be sufficient
ly well germinated to show their
fitness for seed.
Farmers’ Bulletin 948, “The
Rag-Doll Seed Tester,” describes
fully this method of testing seed
corn. It may be obtained free
from the department.
to sprout and, if it does, will grow
only a few inches or, at best, produce
a barren stalk.
Corn that will come up but that
will produce an unprofitable crop is
worse than seed which won’t grow
at all, because it fools a farmer into
wasting labor and land on it. Know
what your seed will do by selecting
it yourself.
Cheap seed corn may prove very
dear; the seed corn that produces
the best crop usually is the cheapest.
If you must buy seed, pay your
neighbor a reasonable price for se
lected well preserved seed of a va
riety that has made good in a neigh
boring field; but don’t pay a stranger
a fancy price for seed claimed to
give miraculous .yields.
Points on Preparing for Planting
Seed
Seed ears should first be nubbed,
and the kernels from tip and butt
should be discarded fro mthe seed
supply. The small kernels from the
tips are less productive than the
other kernels on the ear; the thick
rounded kernels from the butts are
just as productive as any of the
rest, but because of their shape and
size they do not plant uniformly
when used in a corn planter with
other kernels.
Shelling by hand takes more time
and labro, but is profitable. The me
chanical corn sheller will injure some
of the kernels, and thus destroy or
reduce their power to grow and yield.
No matter how large the required
supply, says the department, it will
still pay to shell it painstakingly by
hand, because of the greater acreage
to be planted the greater the ulti
mate profit.
Each ear should be shelled sepa
rately into a shallow pan or box, and
any blemished, poorly developed,
moldy or worm-eaten kernel should
be rejected.
As the seed from each ear is found
satisfactory and sound, and free from
poor kernels, it is poured into the
general supply, and another ear is
shelled in the same way. It is much
easier to pick out defective kernels
from a thin layer in a small sieve
than from a large mingled quantity
in a bushel measure or a bag.
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LABOR SHORTAGE FELT-USE
WHAT IS L EFT TO ADVANTAGE
Do nothing today which can be
put off until tomorrow.
That is an apparent perversion of
the ancient and excellent proverb,
and most people may be inclined to
look upon it as pernicious—but,
properly interpreted, It is a sound
principle in farm management and
one that a great many farmers will
particularly need to apply in the
face of the shortage of labor with
which this year's crops must be made.
It applies to tasks that interfere
with work in the fields at times when
field work can be done. It does not
mean procrastination. It means get
ting the indirectly productive work
done in advance, if possible, but if
it can't be done in advance put it
off till the rush work in the fields
is out of the way. It is one of
the important factors, say farm-man
agement specialists of the United
States department of agriculture, in
full utilization of farm labor.
Great Need This Year
And full utilization is likely to be
more important this year than it has
ever been before. Reports coming to
the department of agriculture from
all sections of the country are to the
effect that farm laborers and tenants
are caught by the lure of high wages
and are leaving the farms for the
cities. A great many farmers, ap
parently, will be forced to carry on
their operations this year with less
help than they have ever had be
fore. Unless such labor as is left
on the farm is utilized to the best
possible advantage, there is danger
of a serious curtailment of produc
tion.
Farm-management specialists say,
however, that a ,great deal can be
accomplished toward helping produc
tion by getting the most out of the
labor available. They lay down a
few simple rules that they believe
will help toward attaining this re-
BUlt.
The best farmer, they say, is the
one who gets the other work out of
the way and keeps the teams moving
whenever the land is in condition
for field work. The amounts of
products that a farmer can grow
depends on getting the field work
done when the weather will permit
it. Nothing except necessary work
like feeding and milking should be
permitted to take men from the
fields, and it should be planned where
possible to get these things done and
still keep the horses working ten
hours a day.
Plan no wet-land work, they say,
when there is work in the fields that
can be done. By wet-land work is
mept Such things as cutting weeds
and brush in the fence rows, repair
ing the fences, repairing buildings
and a great many other necessary
things—but things that can be done
just as well when the ground is too
wet to plow.
Leave no rainy-day work, another
rule says, to be done when it is not
raining, for profits are limited by
the amount of outdoor work that
gets done. Rainy-day work is nec
essary work and If it is not done on
rainy days it will have to b ( e done
later on fair days and will Interfere
with field work. It includes things
that can be done under shelter, such
as shelling seed corn, mending the
harness and repairing tools.
Jot down. In.a note .book, the spe
cialists advise, the things' that will
need attention the next rainy day.
This will enable you to plan your
work quickly and when you get up
some morning and find the rain pour
ing down. Do first the jobs that are
in danger of getting In the way of
the next dry weather work.
Put in long days in rush seasons
with the assurance that you can ease
down on rainy days or when the rush
is over. And then comes that first
rule, “Do nothing today which can
as well be put off till tomorrow.”
There are a great many things that
can not be put off till tomorrow. If
sowing oats is delayed until the
warm, dry days of late spring, there
will be a light harvest. If the born
is not cutivated even for one week
after it is old enough to cultivate,
the fields will be weedy and the crops
poor. If the dairy cows are neglect
ed, there will soon be no milk. This
class of tasks, therefore, demands
immediate attention. Put off the
pther things to more or less remote
tomorrows when the rush work is
out of the way.
Then Back to the Old Proverb
Then, when the rush work is over
revert to the proverb in its original
form, “Put off nothing until tomor
row which can be done 'today.” This
applies to work that may be done any
time within a wide latitude, but the
time comes when it can not be put
off any longer and it may stop the
rush work. Seed corn, for example,
may be tested and shelled any time
after it is thoroughly cured, but if
the work is neglected until the fields
are ready to plant, then that most
profitable work in the corn field may
be delayed. That is a fair illustra
tion of “get-it-out-of-the-way” work.
It takes more planning, more
thinking, and more force of charac
ter to do this work in season when
there is no rush work than it does to
concentrate on rush work. .Only by
using his head can the farmer han
dle the “get-lt-out-of-the-Way” work
in advance, but he must apply the
rule methodically and unfailingly if
he is to get ahead very fast in spite
-of shortage of labor.
Proportion of Various
Crops Influence Income
What proportion of cropped acres
on any farm should be devoted to
cotton in order to make the farm as
a whole most profitable.
This is one of the questions the
United States demaptremnt of ag
riculture insists upon having an
swered in determining efficiency of
southern farm management. A large
number of farm studies have been
made to determine the proportions.
Figures are quoted from a survey
made In Sumter county, Georgia.
Os nine one-mule farms the best
five averaged 23 acres of cropped
land to a mule. Os this, 9.8 acres,
or less than half, was planted to
cotton. The remainder was divided
as follows: 7:2 acres in corn; 5.7
in oats or oat hay; 3.6 were second
cropped -with cowpea hay, leaving
3.3 acres for miscellaneous pur
poses. ,
Os twenty-three two-mule farms
the best five averaged 30.2 acres of
crop land a mule. Os this 10.6 acres
were planted to corn; 3.9 to oats and
oat hay; 2 acres were second crop
ped with cowpea hay; 14 acres were
devoted to cotton, and 1.7 to miscel
laneous crops.
Os twenty-five three-mule farms
the best five averaged 32.58 acres of
crop land a mule, of which 17.47
acres were planted to cotton, the
remainder going largely into food
and feed crops.
Os eighteen four-mule farms the
best five averaged 39 acres of crop
land a mule; 18.85 of this went into
cotton, the remainder being plant
ed to supply crops.
Os nineteen five-mule farms the
best five averaged 27.1 acres a
mule and planted 15 1-2 acres of this
in cotton.
The best five of fifteen six-mule
farms averaged 34 1-2 acres of crop
land a mule and planted 19 1-2 acres
of this in cotton.
Growing Cotton Under
801 l Weevil Conditions
CLEMSON COLLEGE, CLEMSON,
s ; c - — The following recommenda
tions for raising cotton under boll
weevil conditions, based on the best
information. Available at the present,
are. made by the Clemson extension
service as a general guide for farm
ers. " ’
Plant a smaller acreage per
plow. ' '
2. Prepare the land better than
formerly.
3. —Use more fertilizer and use it
more judiciously.
4-—Do not plant seed in close con
tact with large applications of fer
tilizer.
5. —Plant only purebred seed of the
best varieties. The following short
staple varieties are recommended for
wilt-free land: Cleveland Big 801 l
and Cook. For wilt-infested land:
Dixie-Triumph and Dixie. Long sta
ple varieties: Webber 49 and Web
er 82.
6. —Delint seed with sulphuric acid
if possible.
7. —Plant plenty of seed to insure
a good stand.
8. —Plant at the same time as be
fore the appearance of the boll wee
vil.
9. —Plant in rows three and one
half to four and one-half feet ■wide,
depending on the kind of land.
10. —Leave cotton thick in the row,
preferably eight to twelve inches.
11. —Cultivate often enough to
keep out weeds and grasses.
12. —Follow cotton with a cover
crop. Plan to plow under as much
organic matter as possible.
13. —Practice systematic crop rota
tion.
14. —Do not depend on cotton alone
as a cash crop, but plant peanuts,
tobacco, corn and alfalfa as cash
crops.
15. —Remember that the boll wee
vil can be beaten only with good
farm management.
Price Situation in a
Nut Shell Here Shown
The level of prices paid producers
of the United States for the princi
pal crops increased about 4.5 per
cent during December; in the last
10 years the price level increased
in like period about 2.2 per cent.
On January 1, 1920, the index fig
ure of prices was about 18.9 per
cent higher than a year ago. 12.3
per cent higher than two years ago,
and 84.7 per cent higher than the
average of the last 10 years on
January 1.
The prices of meat animals—hogs,
cattle, sheep, and chickens —to pro
ducers of the United States de
creased 2.9 per cent from November
15 to December 15; in the last nine
years prices decreased in like
period 0.7 per cent. On December
15 the index figure of prices for
these meat animals was about 13.9
per cent lower than a year ago,
9.4 per cent lower than two years
ago, and 44.2 per cent higher than
the average of the last nine years
on December 15.
These facts are shown by the fig
ures of the Bureau of Crop Es
timates, United States Department
of Agriculture.
Pointers in Dairying
1. The dairy is a factory, and,
like all factories, the larger the
production of each machine (the in
dividual cow) the lower is the cost
of production.
2. Only by keeping records of pro
duction can the value of individual
cows be known.
3. The feeding of scrub cows and
the “scrub” feeding of good, cows are
two of the commonest mistakes in
dairying.
4. Save all reifer calves from the
best producing cows in the herd to
replace the unprofitable cows.
5. Use a good sire. Without a
good sire improvement in the herd
is impossible.
6. Get rid of the unprofitable cows
in the dairy. The milk scales and
Babcock test will point them out.
7. Proof that kindness and regu
larity ’in milking and feeding is ap
preciated by the dairy cow will be
shown in the larger flow of milk.
8. Grow plenty of feed for the
dairy herd. Feeding from the sack
takes the biggest part of the profits.
LABOR UTILIZATIO N IS IMPORTANT
FACTOR IN FARM MANAGEMENT
The question of whether or not
a farm is efficiently managed is an
swered in large measure by deter
mining whether or not the productive
enterprises on the farm as organized
are sufficient to make the best utili
zation of the work stock equipment
necessary to operate the farm and
the time of the regular men on the
farm. This statement is made by the
United States department of agricul
ture in connection with a series of
tests to determine the relative effi
ciency of southern farms.
A great number of farm, manage
ment studies were made to furnish
the basis for the tests. In connec
tion with labor utilization, figures
are quoted from a survey made in
Sumter county, Georgia. On the best
one-mule cotton farms in that coun
ty an average of 23 acres of cropped
land, 4 acres of which were double
cropped, were worked with one mule.
The conclusion is reached, therefore,
that on farms of this type having
less than 27 acres of crops the mule
requirements are not sufficient to
utilize properly the labor of the one
mule necessary to operate the farm.
It is likewise estimated that two
mule cotton farms must have not
less than 64 acres of crops, three
mule farms not less than 104 acres
of ci-ops, and so on with the larger
mule equipments in order to account
for the best utilization.
Better Records Made
While these figures represent the
averages of the best farms in cer
tain groups and are said to make
an excellent and conservative guide,
they do not represent the highest
possible efficiency. There was one
farm in Sumter county on which each
mule worked an average of about
40 3-4 acres of crops.
If the organization of the farm is
not such as to reach high efficiency
! n utilizing the work stock equip
ment, it is suggested that attention
be given to bringing idle tillable
POINTS TO REMEMBER IN USING
FERTILIZERS IN YOUR GARDEN
Manure is scarce in and around
cities. Commercial fertilizers must
be depended upon primarily for add
ing fertility to garden soils. It pays
to use the best grade of commercial
fertilizers. When the home gardener
buys fertilizers he pays for nitro
gen, phosphoric acid and potash and
if he can secure the required amount
of these elements in a Small quanti
ty of material, so much the better,
as he will avoid the handling of a
greater weight upon which freight
and other costs have been paid. A
fertilizer cohtaining from 4 to 6 per
cent of nitrogen, 8 to 10 per cent
of available phosphoric acid, and
3 or 4 per cent potash is generally
recommended for use on home gar
dens by specialists of the United
States department of agriculture.
One pound to 30 feet of row is
equivalent t© an application of 500
pounds to the acre. One pound to
15 feet of row is equivalent to an
application of 1,000 pounds to the
acre, and application of 1 pound to
8 feet of row is practically equiv
alent to 2,000 pounds of fertilizer
to the acre.
“To Keep Pecan Trees F ree From Insects
And Fungus Ene mies Must Spray Them”
Frepaxeft by Extension Service, Au
burn, Ala.
There is a widespread belief that
the pecan is practically free from in
sect and fungous enemies. This er
roneous idea has lead to the planting
of pecan trees in low, damp lands
where there was no possibility of air
circulation nor air currents. For
many years orchards so planted have
produced good crops, but gradually
we hkve been forced to realize that
grave errors have been committed
and we must confront the situation
as it is.
It is a fact that various groves in
the state are not now producing
more than 10 to 25 per cent of their
former yields and the quality of the
nuts produced is extremely inferior.
Certain varieties in many groves un
der observation have been so dam
aged by pecan scab and mildew dur
ing recent years that they have not
only ceased to produce fruit but,
from 10 to 100 per cent of the ter
minal branches are dead and even
the trees themselves have died as di
rect result of the damage from these
two diseases.
A visit to an orchard recently dis
closed the fact that certain varieties
of trees in that orchard had practi
cally shed all of their foliage a
month before the nuts were ripe. In
fact, on one variety not a nut was
produced. In many instances trees
were largely defoliated before the
nuts were ripe with the result that
the nuts filled poorly and their meat
was unfit for human food.
It is easy to sta|e a fact about a
condition of this character, but a
remedy is not so easily found be
cause we have but little data on the
result of pecan spraying. We do
know, however, that the spray pump
is the only possible solution in many
Fowls and the Family
A large proportion of the poultry
products of this country are pro
duced on general farms. Nearly ev
ery farm has its poultry flock. The
average American farmer reserves
about three dozen eggs a week for
family use and about fifty fowls are
consumed by the family during the
year. These food products can be
secured absolutely fresh, which con
siderably enhances the value of this
contribution from the farm. Os the
meat furnished by the farm to the
operator and his family, poultry con
stitutes about ten per cent.
A small flock of poultry can be
kept on the farm at little cost, as
is pointed out by poultry experts of
the United States department of ag
riculture. The fowls find scattered
grain about the farmstead and on the
adjoining grain fields after harvest.
Garden refuse and kitchen waste are
usually available for them. They
also feed on insects and worms. In
many the farmer’s wife and
children find pleasure in caring for
the flock.’
How the Middlemen Work
It is important that a producer
clearly understand the functions of
brokers and commission merchants.
They act as the producer’s personal
representatives on the market. In
the case of brokers this is an im
portant consideration if shipments
are apt to be rejected, for the rep
resentative is able, through being
on the ground, either to prevent re
jection entirely or to offer a suita
ble compromise. Brokers act mere
ly as representatives of the shipper,
whereas commission merchants us
ually have complete authority to dis
pose of shipments to the best ad
vantage. Brokers handle shipments
usually in dtirlots, while commission
merchants handle shipments of any
size.
lands into use, to reclaiming wild
land, or to renting additional acres.
On the other hand, if it is found
that the work stock equipment is
not sufficient to operate the farm
profitably, it may be advisable to
rent out a few acres and bring the
farm down to a size that can be op
erated efficiently by the present out
fit. This, of course, is to be con
sidered only in..cases where the re
quirements of the farm can not be
made sufficient to justify the addi
t"Ji of another mule.
Getting a Bine on Labor
Fuh utilization of man labor is,
of course, quite as important as that
of mule labor. The method of arriv
ing at the percentage of efficiency
with which the time of the men is
utilized is this:
Determine the total number of
days’ work required by all the pro
ductive enterprises. Subtract from
it the number of days necessary to
do the contract and miscellaneous
day wage work. The remainder is
the number of productive days’ work
required of the regular man on the
farm. Divide this number by the
number of days available for field
work at their command. The quo
tent is the percentage of efficiency.
It works out this way:
Suppose that there were 212 days
during the year on which work could
be done in the field. Then suppose
that the owner of the farm actually
had work to do for only 175 days dur
ing the year. One hundred and sev
enty-five is 82 per cent of 212. The
owner of the farm, therefore, reach
ed 82 per cent of efficiency in utiliz
ing his own labor.
Full details as to this and the va
rious other tests used in demon
strating farm efficiency are given
in United States department of ag
riculture circular No. 83. Copies of
the circular may be had free by
writing the department of agricul
ture, Washington, D. C.
Commercial fertilizers are high at
present and no more than is abso
lutely necessary be used.
Care must also be taken in their ap
plication, as there is constant dan
ger of burning the roots of the
plants, especially where the fertil
izers are applied directly in the
rows. The best results are general
ly secured where the fertilizers are
applied and raked in a few days be
fore sowing the seeds or setting the
plants. In th ! s way they become
more or less mixed with the soil and
there will be little danger of doing
the plants an injury.
In many sections of the country ni
trate of soda is used as a stimulant
to force the growth of the plants
after they are started. Nitrate of
soda is a concentrated fertilizer
furnishing nitrogen, that element
which makes the green and vigorous
growth in plants, and should be used
sparingly to avoid injury. The usual
custom is to scatter a little (1 pound
to 100 feet) nitrate of soda along the
rows of plants and mix it with the
soil by means of a hoe or rake.
cases. Thinning out groves, where
the trees are too thick, will assist
by adding in better air circulation;
and top-working diseased susceptible
varieties to non-susceptible varieties,
a very expensive and doubtful expe
dient, may aid in other cases. The
greatest good to come from a recog
nition of the present status of the
industry, and the influence disease
attack may have upon it, is to serve
notice on those who contemplate fur
ther planting that:
First: Disease resistant varieties
must be selected, such as Schley;
Stuart and Success.
Second: Low, wet lands must be
avoided and elevated areas, with
good air drainage, planted instead.
Third: Trees must not be over
crowded, no matter where planted.
Fourth: Where the orchards are
large enough, and the trees consist
of varuable varieties, the spray
pump should be introduced.
The spray schedule, which we rec
ommend as a result of Our meagei*
knowledge,* Is essentially as follows:
First: All trees should be sprayed
thoroughly in the winter with con
centrated lime-sulful solution at the
same dilution as for apple and peach.
Second: As soon as the foliage is
out, a second spraying should be
given, consisting of 4-5-50 Bordeaux
formula with one and one-half
pounds of arsenate of lead added
where any damage has been noted
from moth, case worm or caterpil
lars.
Third: This spraying should be
repeated after the nuts have set.
Fourth: Additional sprayings of
Bordeaux, without arsenate of lead,
should be given at intervals through
out the season, the number and time
of applications depending upon
weath conditions and crop outlook.
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THURSDAY, APRIL 1, 1920
SHORT ACCOUNTING COURSES
BUSINES S AID FOR FARMERS
There is an after-the war bogy,
so-called, which has been doing a
lot of good on American farms —
more good than folks had any idea
of when he started out poking his
nose into the pocketbook of every
farmer, just as if the farmers’ pri
vate financial affairs were any of
his business, which they are, by
the way. This particular bogy is
known as Mr. Income Tax. He has
not confined his investigations to
farmers, of course, but the fact of
special interest to country dwell
ers is that the levying of this war
tax has greatly stimulated the de
sire on the part of farmers to keep
farm records. This in turn has
made very popular so-called "one
day courses” in accounting, which
are now being conducted in at least
15 states through the co-operation of
the United States department of ag
riculture and the state agricultural
colleges in farm management ex
tension work.
Fann Accounting in Many States
In a sense, therefore, the present
movement is a by-product of the
war—one which is enabling thou
sands of farmers to ascertain ex
actly “where they are” after mar
keting like stock, grain, vegetables,
or any other of the necessities they
produce. It also is a great correct
or of numberless bad practices that
obtain on farms. Last year the farm
management extension service held
these accounting courses in over 100
localities in Illinois. The year’s ex
perience so thoroughly demonstrated
the value of the idea that now the
accounting course is being carried
on in Montana, Idaho, Colorado,
Kansas, South Dakota, North Da
kota, lowa, Missouri, Illinois, In
diana, Ohio and Kentucky.
In many cases the county agents
continue these courses after they
have assisted at one or two meet
ings held by the extension specialist.
Simple farm-account books prepared
for the convenient use of farmers
are used and are the same as the
ones to be kept by the farmer
throughout the year.
Here is what is done in these
schools: The farmers, who usually
enroll as a result of written and
personal invitations from the coun
ty agent, assemble at 9 o’clock in a
hall, schoolroom, county court house,
or some other convenient place. Their
work at the outset in en
tering in an account book a set of
figures typical of receipts, expendi
tures, and inventory for a farm in
the locality. An analysis of this
typical record, and also a demon
stration of how to determine the
taxable income included in these fig
ures is given by the instructor, the
farmers working under his guidance
with pencil and paper.
Yearly Inventory Emphasized
In entering the typical set of fig-
Usx Sample
gy i means MOKE MONEY in the pocket y
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A jj which revolutionized the cotton gin-
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and their superiority is maintained
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ures, items making up the inventory
which should be made annually are
set down first. This is followed by
entry of receipts and expenditures
for the years’ business, and finally
an inventory representing conditions
at the close of the year. The in
structor shows how to figure annual
depreciation according to income-tax
rulings, and what items should be
put in the account and which left
out. A few items foreign to ths
record are usually put down, but be*
foye summarizing are stricken out by
the instructor, the reasons for such
action being given in each case.
Usually this practice accounting
takes up most of the morning. Part
or all of the afternoon may be oc
cupied with a discussion of factors
affecting efficiency with which the
farm is managed, quality of l‘ive
stock, amount' of live stock, size of
the farm business, the farm lay
out and use of labor. The farm rec
ord entered in the account book af
fords a good basis for illustrating the
discussion. For instance, those pres
ent often disagree radically as to
which of two plans is best, such aS
which of two systems of live stock
production, or which rotation -of
crops, should be adopted. Such ques
tions are settled by determining the
amount of feed required by differ
ent animals and what combination of
crops will produce the required feed
and whether the combination of crops
suggested is the most economical
crop plan for that locality.
Incom# Tax Information Sought
Probably the desire to know how
to calculate the Income tax accurately
has been one of the strongest in
centives for farmers to attend these
schools, but the benefits they derive
extends to a far greater field, since
the farmer is induced to undertake a
systematic keeping of accounts which
enable him to study his farm busi
ness intelligently. Grossly erroneous
estimates and guesses, many of whioh
have been accepted as accurate for
years, are set aside and actual facts
and figures take their place. Thus
the farmer sees his whole farm busi
ness in its proper perspective. He
ascertains which crops, what kind of
live stock, and what kind of layout
are the most profitable. Likewise, he
is in a far better position to know
what is a fair price for his produce
and how much, profit will result from
any given price.
Do not feed green cut bone often
er than every other day. It is best
fed in a trough. Allow about one
half ounce to each bird. Should too
severe or continued looseness of the
bowels follow the feeding of the
bone, it should be discontinued or
the quantity reduced.
7