Newspaper Page Text
6
LOWERING OF FOOD PRICES
DEPENDS UPON DISTRIBUTION
Is generally agreed that if food
are to be lowered a more eeo
g|Htanical system of distribution of
gßrn products must be perfected and
say experts of the
of markets, I’nited States de-
of agriculture, is the essen
basis for such a system. This
not only standard grades for
and vegetables, but standards
containers in which they are
Sell Produce by Weight
bureau of markets is charged
th® enforcement of the United
stanilar d container act which
only for standard capacities
and berry baskets used in
commerce. The applica
this law has resulted in the
use of these containers in
commerce also, for ship
have come to appreciate the
derived from the use of uni-
SBr*|l methods of marketing such
of larger shipping
such as hampers and
Bggßflycl-stave baskets is equally desir
□BOl say the bureau’s experts. Os
the best method is to sell
by the pound, but where it
to sell by weight,
KgKorm containers should be used.
baskets of peaches from Geor
and Colorado should contain the
quantity of peaches. The same
of any other food commodity
in hampers or baskets.
illustration of how the present
result in dissatisfaction is
case of a Florida producer who
■Secntly shipped potatoes to the New
Btork market In a container with
Bwhich the trade was not familiar.
■ Although the potatoes were of high
F quality, difficulty was experienced
in disposing of them. When they
were finally sold the price was con
siderably lower per pound than that
commanded by potatoes packed in
the customary manner.
At present there are about fifty
types of hampers and over twenty
sizes of round-stave baskets in use.
Many of these erizes are simply the
outgrowth of custom in various ship
ping localities; others are used for
.the express purpose of deception. And
aside from the confusion and un
certainty that result from the use of
dozens of different kinds of contain
ers, millions of dollars are annually
lost through destruction of produce
in transit on account of the weak
construction of the containers used.
Would Reduce Humber of Containers
Many large growers, shippers, and
, basket manufacturers appreciate the
desirability of reducing the number
of these containers, and a nation-
“
for SH B Jbwl—think of it—twostand- !
tj i f ~■ 8 make tires—praetie
i, ' - - new—at than
rsosfl COM of OfMl The one big ehanee of the
1« year to lay In a big supply. Thousands of cn«-
tanera are getting full tire mileage because
Urea were slightly used on demonstration care
only You can get
12000 MILES
out of these tires too. Don’t delay—ths sup
ply won’t last long at these bargain prices—
maayom order at once. Sse special bargain
' i Abt 1 Tin t Hrw Sise inresnralkS* I
.1 Kit t 7.56111.80 t 1.75 82x4K 112.75119.1018.80
< 30x8K 8.15 13.80 2.05 83x4K 14.06 21.10 3.40
J ®X»KIO 30 15.80 2.25 84x4K 16.80 23.70 3.50
I Mx4 11.00 16.50 2.75 85x4K 1885 24 50 8.75
4 'TBH 18.25 19.90 8.05 36x4H 16.75 25.10 885
-f 3fa4 13.80 20.70 8.25 35x5 16.85 25.80 4.00
84x4 14.85 22.30 8.25 87x5 17.25 25.90 4.00
>! Stat. etae plainly whether 8. 8. Clincher, non-skid ] I
I «T smooth tread Send g> deposit for each two tires
| ordered. balance C.O.D after examination
Spatial discoant of 5 per cant If fall
L JTJ J a ■- amoant accompanies ordar.
' f TODAY!
Eureka Tire &
k Rubber Co.
IBk Ch• 1243 Michigan
I £***•» Dapt.
®or CWcß, °
Rub-My-Tism is a powerful
antiseptic; it kills the poison
caused from infected cuts,
cures old sores, tetter, etc.—
( Advt.)
11 || Rat, Weevil, Fire, <
g | |H Water and Thief Proof. ! J
The enormous loss in grain from Rats, $
" "TwW eev >L exposure, etc., may now be saved <
j by using a Dixie Corn Crib—a Crib con- 4
structed of genuine American Ingot Iron %
on scientific principles—and installed at
I ’ a very little cost. Lasts a life-time. %
► Corrugated construction—'tight, strong and rigid. Perfect ventilating ►
< , sy*ten> and can be made air-tight for fumigating purposes. Made in four ’ >
k 4 ? sizes, and we pay the freight. Easily erected in a few hours. Will pay .5
* n a single season. The most perfect and satisfactory Corn Jp
< ’ Crib ever invented. t V
I * Jf 7 rite for Bulletin No. 103 <
J ►' Giving Full Details and Prices , ►
; • Dixie Culvert & Metal Co., <
;; 'Jacksonville ATLANTA Little Rock 3
I I
I— -
SAVED(“Themore! see ol your roofing (My ■*
Bb hbK I•vi wS *wv aW * ■■ J Roofing), the better 1 like it. /Vnc 1
* believe it is equal, if not better, than roofing sold
here in Atlantaat Eight Dollars <»8.C0) n square’’
H —writes Mr. D. R. Mathews, of Atlanta, Ga.
■ W*l"l*4 ’ 4 . a We zcJl "Everwear” Roofinff at $4.97 per W
JR *1 jaAfl*r <■ I L Wyk square—freight paid—so he saved $3.03 per
Fl HW * luate better roofing.
I MR PLAIN STYLE ORI “EVERWEAR” is ;
I Mniwwr |l r SHINGLE PIfTERNJ made in shingles ,
I CAHUSIX M shown on home, or plain a. on born. j .
I SAVED $20.00 guaranteeo to | $
I a id Zfl aIGB JSO&fk ■ SI ' *■■--- ’ guaranteed lo L
i I lam pleated and lant over 20 years. Five times Fj
■ satisfied/’ writd loss as most wood shinclcs.
L I Mr. M. Cwriisle, Sr , wK* FKI'-E SAMPLES! Get your p
II of Cleol», G«. ‘My jq TEST fa
B ■ Iwen la 30r4fi which ** ' ’ ' ” now.Whlle 15
■ I Hndno prices are low. WRITE $
■ | madea nice bam. Had no H-wW 4dk today. Your name and J
■■ trouble In puttinr Roofing jig L*A B^»L a H 18 EKk address on a postal n
■ on. I saved $20.00 by ordering brinss cia Free Srm- L
| from you.” ple * J'’** a<>ofina r
■ FIREPROOF- I w ZH £O 3 S
r cant rijstJ taxi.
F Can be used on n«w buildlnaa or naUed riebt
overold wood ahlaslea-qniek md easy. Come. • BL TH M jb Wk
labile, wide piece*. Gal rani wd Naila. Roofinx V M wJSSTO JJX
Sarnwr and Metal Cutting Sheara rgXit~iTvPiir ” TL t
Ibrnished with every order, larro ROK KVtKX R
W small. | BUILDING. B P fIS
OUR 30 DAY OFFER IWe sendkeettoyoti.perße
SAVES YOV WgWgßwgk
own poeket the profit the dealer would get. WRITE TODAY gR ® KroSl 4? ® M O “
for Free Samples. Address . '-i ’
SAVANNAH FENCE & ROOFING CO.
’ Dept. J Savannah. Ga.
THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL.
wide movement is on foot to elim
inate many of them. Co-operative
selling organizations are already do
ing much to promote uniformity and
standardization. It means money to
them not only because of the fa
miliarity of the trade with the con
tainers used but in permitting meth
ods of loading into cars that reduce
the likelihood of breakage to a min
imum.
After a careful canvass of the sit
uation the bureau of markets be
lieves, and, in this, those who have
studied the problem are of the same
opinion, that five standard hampers
and four standard round-stave bas
kets are sufficient to meet all ship
ping requirements. The specifica
tions provide for volume, dimen
sions or shape, and strength. In ad
dition to the advantages of uniformi
ty, the adoption of these sizes will
enable the railroads to work out
loading rules that will permit a more
intensive utilization of car space, and
which will be bound to reduce to a
minimum claims on account of dam
age in transit. . , ~ „
Proposed Dimensions for Standard Hampers
Inside
Dimensions. ,
Diame- Huck*
Diameter of Length ness
ter of bot- Slant of of
Capacity.— Top. tom. lit. Stave. Stave
1 peck 10%9 6% 9% 1-10
V. bushell3 8% 12 12% 1-
? bushells% 9 19 20 %
1% bu. No. 1.1614 9 26 27 1-6
1U bu. No. 2.16% 10 23 • 24 %
Proposed Dimensions for Standard Round
Stave Baskets
Inside Aver-
Diam- age Thick-
eter In- Number ness
at side of of
Capacity Tops. DePth-Staves.Staves
% bushel 13% »% $
1 bushel 17 10% 20 i
1% bushels 19 12% 2
2 bushels -1 --"'"--i " -
Exhibits Aid Marketers
The spirit of competition can often
be utilized to encourage the grow
ing of vegetables, fruits, etc., to
promote the Improvement of home
grounds, and to Increase the food
supply. In all competitions, such as
can be easily instituted among youth
ful growers particularly, zest comes
from striving and a desire to excel.
The logical culmination of a season of
competitive growing is an exhibit.
Such exhibits can be utilized not only
to produce good results, but also to
aid the food growers in marketing
their surpluses. A well-planned ex
hibit is always the center of interest
for a large number of people, and
those who display their product have
an excellent opportunity to secure
buyers in case the products exhibited
or other supplies are for sale. Every
grower of foodstuffs of good quality
who expects to have a surplus for
the market will do well to co-operate
in any community exhibits proposed,
not only because of the general bene
fit that will result, but because of
the immediate financial returns which
he may enjoy therefrom.
Incubator Troubles
CLEMSQN COLLEGE. —Prof. F. C.
Hare, poultry husbandman, has re
ceived recently letters of complaint
as to losses from incubator hatch
ing of chicks, and has made the
following suggestions in reply.
“There Is no good reason why so
many chicks should fail to hatch. If
the chicks do not break the shell In
the incubator on the 19th day, the
machine should be run one-half to
one degree higher throughout the
the incubator the 21st day or three
te Incubator te 21st day, or tree
weeks from the hour at which the
egg chamber reached 103 degrees
after the eggs were placed in it.
Some machines may need to be run
at temperatures as high as 105 de
grees in order to get the chicks out
on time.
“Sprinkle the eggs twice dally on
the 18th, 19th, and 20th days. Pans
of water in the incubator are not
satisfactory. A damp cloth laid on
the eggs is all right If there are only
a few eggs in a large chamber, as
the moisture Is kept right on the
eggs where it is needed.”
The population of Hamtranck,
Mich., increased 1,266 per cent in the
last ten years.
Playing cards were Invented about
the year 1390, to amuse Charles VI,
King of France.
and successful farming jSk
Andrew K Sovle
HOW TO SELECT A PIG
Selecting a pig is not as easy a
matter as it might seem to the un
initiated. There is a •> wonderful
amount of variation in pigs of dif
ferent breeds as well as of the same
breed. The one best adapted to use
for a given purpose is not always
easy to pick out. Animals differ as
much in individuality as in type. A
boy who has joined the pig club
wishes to be able to pick a winner,
and for the purpose of aiding him in
this momentous matter, some sug
gestions have been prepared by the
animal husbandry experts of the'
Georgia State College of Agriculture.
They are incorporated in the text.
The boys should read these advices
over very carefully and also get
their fathers and brothers to help
them in determining just how to pick
a hog that is most likely to feed
out and make a prize winner next
fall. |
No one breed is best. All of the
recognized breeds of hogs are good
and will give splendid returns if
proper attention is given them. Any
breed will treat you well if you
treat It well. In choosing a breed,
however, one must consider the ad
vantages that will accrue from se
lecting a breed that is permanently
and substantially established in the
community. If the majority of one’s
neighbors are breeding a certain
breed and join their ranks. That
community will more than likely be
noted as producing one particular
breed of hogs, and this feature will
furnish a greater appeal to the gen
eral public than that coming from a
community where several different
breeds are raised but where none are
made a particular specialty.
The popularity of the various
breeds is a point that should be
given careful consideration. The
breed selected should be one that is
popular and looked upon with favor
by the public. A visit to the larger
fairs of the state will afford the
student of swine production an op
portunity to study various charac
teristics of the different breeds that
tend to most accurately satisfy the
demands of the breeders and of the
buying public.
Finally, the point of greatest im
portance is that one should select
the breed that best satisfies his own
fancy. Every one has his person
al peculiarities. A breed that sat
isfies one man may not In any way
appeal to some other man. And yet
both breeds may be of the very
highest standard. The matter of
personal preference is of the great
est importance and one should be
governed largely by it in deciding
upon the to select.
No matter of what breed or how
well bred an individual may be, It
will be unprofitable unless given
the proper care and attention.
The individual is of more import
ance than the breed. The pig should
be symmetrical, vigorous compact,
but not short, should stand squarely
on its legs, show a long, strong and
well arched back and a straight un
derline. The face should show good
length and breadth and these dimen
sions should be well balanced. Nar
rowness between the eyes is to be
avoided and the region immediately
surrounding the eye should be
smooth and free from wrinkles. The
jowl should not be excessively heavy
or flabby, and the throat should be
neat and clean. The neck should be
comparatively short and blend
smoothly into the shoulder. Viewing
the pig from in front the shoulders
should not show undue prominence
and the width of body should carry
out uniformly from head to rump.
The back should be wide and uni
form throughout and should be ac
companied by liberal spring of rib. A
side view of the pig should reveal a
well arched top line from nose to
tall, and a long, stretchy and com
pact body, underpinned by strong
boned, straight legs. The pig should
stand up well on his toes. The chest
should be deep and roomy and the
heart-girth large, showing fullness
and smoothness behind the shoulders.
Good length and depth ot-shoulder,
side and ham are desired. The en
tire body should be well covered
with firm, but not coarse flesh, and |
should show freedom from deep folds
or wrinkles.
From the rear it is desired to notioe
a broad, deep, uniform and well-bal- t
anced hind quarter, with a ten
dency to flesh well down to the hock.
The rump should be long, wide and
level, with the tall setting at a good
height.
In summary, the pig should pre
sent a well-balanced and attractive
general appearance, a clean bone and
a fine, silky coat of hair which sig
nifies good quality. Above all, he
must conform to the breed type of
the breed he represents.
Pig club members are urged to giv?
more attention to breed type when se
lecting pure-bred pigs, Excepting
color markings and a few other
minor points, due consideration has
not been given the important matter
of breed type. The Pig club ex
hibits at the various county fairs in
1919 revealed the fact that the boys
who showed pigs of good breed type
made higher and more frequent win
nings than did those who showed
pigs that were off type. In selecting
a pig, it should be kept in mind that,
the most desirable pig is the one I
that will most economically put on
the largest number of pounds of j
high quality flesh in the shortest
time. In order to do this, the pig
must have • good length, width and
depth of body. These three dimen- j
sions are of utmost importance be
cause they determine to a large ex
tent the amount of pork possible to
be grown on the frame of the pig.
The pig should be symmetrical in its
length, width and depth. An unbal
anced relation between these points
is just as serious a fault as is a
defect in the points themselves. The
short-bodied, fine-boned, miniature
type of pig which shows a tendency
to fatten prematurely should be
avoided. “Like begets like.’ There
fore, in selecting pure-bred pigs
choose wide, stretchy and roomy
kind that have big bone and a strong
back. Look for these points first,
then consider the less important
points of color, set of ears, etc.
How to Join Pig Clubs
To become a member of the Boys’
Pig club, application should be made
through the teacher, school superin
tendent, the county agent, or bv
writing the State College Agricul
ture, Athens, Ga.
1. Any boy between the age of 10
and 18 may’ become a member of
the pig club. Any boy between the
age of 10 and 21 may become a
member of the Ham and Bacon club.
2. Each boy must secure at least
one pig, and can raise any number
if a record is kept on each.
3. The boy must care for his pig
in person and keep a record of the
feed given and the pasturage grazed.
He must record the weight of .the
pig when it comes into his posses
sion and the date it was farrowed.
He must also weigh the pig once a
month to determine gains.
4. Record blanks furnished by the
county agent should be filled out
and signed by the owner of the pig
Members who make meat of their
pigs should send in their records
when the pigs are ready to be
butchered.
5. Each member must have
owned a pig and kept a record of *t
for at least four months to com
pete for a prize. .
6. Members of the club must
agree to study the instructions sent
them by the college of agriculture
and the United States department of
agriculture.
7. To win a state capital prize
each member must exhibit at least
one purebred pig, or exhibit ham or
bacon at the county contest, and the
winner at the county fair must show
their pigs or meat ’at the state con
test.
8. To win a certificate of honor
a member must have owned and
cared for a purebred registered pig
for a period of not less than four
months, and must produce a com
plete record showing 100 pounds or
more of gain at a cost of 8 cents
per pound or less. The pig must be
a. Berkshire, Poland-China, Spotted
Poland-China, Duroc-.Tersey, Hamp
shire or Chester White.
9. The following values during
1929 will be used in charging feeds
to pigs:
Corn, $1.50 per bushel or $2.66
per hundredweight.
Cornmeal $2.80 per hundredweight.
Shorts, $3.20 per hundredweight
Bran, $2.75 per hundredweight.
Skim milk or butter milk, 58 cents
per hundred pounds, or 5 cents per
gallon.
Permanent pasture, 15 cents per
head per month.
If oats, rye, rape, clover, alfalfa,
cowpeas, soy beans, peanuts, sweet
potatoes, or sorghum are used they
should be charged at 1 1-2 cents per
head per day. No charge should be
made for waste from the kitchen.
TREATING A CASE OF SORE FEET
J. 11. M., Carrollton, Ga., writes: I
have a mule fifteen years old. in fine
condition except her feet. When she
•trots she limps. The hoofs are long and
one is split and the other one is com
mencing to split. If you cnn give me
a remedy I will appreciate it, as $ need
to use her.
Cracked hoofs are not uncommonly
met with. There are three types of
this trouble which are quite distinct.
The first is known as quarter-crack,
the second is called sand-crack and
the third, toe-crack. We judge from
the statement in your letter that the
animal about which you inquire is
suffering from toe-cracked hoofs.
Troubles of this character are due as
a rule to a weakened, dry condition
of the walls of'the hoof. Fast work
on hard roads or surfaces tends to
split the hoof and aggravate this
trouble. Excessive growth of the
hoof in the case of unshod animals
may cause the condition described.
The treatment to be accorded in
correcting the cause of the trouble
consists primarily in proper shoe
ing. You should examine the hoof so
as to make certain that there is no
discharge therefrom. The cracking
may cause some of the tender tis
sues lying below the horny part of
the hoof to become inflamed and sup
purate. In that event, such treat
ment must be given as will relieve
this condition.
In case there is no discharge of
the crack indicated, then you should
attempt to draw the crack together
by the use of horseshoe nails driven
just below the surface and properly
clamped or riveted on the sharp end.
There are special clasps of various
kinds for use in treating troubles of
this character. A local blacksmith,
however, is not likely to have these
on hand, but a veterinary surgeon
could no doubt secure the same for
you. The shoe used in the case of a
toe-crack should have clip on each
side of the fissure and should be
thicker at the toe than it is at the
heel. Lowering thfe foot by paring
away at the heel and sparing the
cutting at the toe will also help in
the successful treatment of this con
dition. Light and uniform work
should be given the animal. Liberal
feeding is advisable.
DESTROYING THE WEEVIL IN
CORN
C. R., Gholson, Miss., writes: I have
fourteen bushels of corn shelled and in
barrels that I want to feed to hogs,
and I want to know what will keep the
weevils from eating it. They are already
In the corn, and would like to know
ho wto kill them. Would also like to
know what will keep horseflies from
bothering horses.
Weevils may be destroyed in corn
by treating with carbon bisulphide.
We suggest that you get a half-pound
of carbon bisulphide, pour a couple
of ounces into h shallow pan and
set it on top of each of the barrels
containing the corn. It will e J a p°"
rate, penetrate to all parts of the
container and effectually kill the wee
vils. This treatment should be re
peated in a couple of weeks. Carbon
bisulphide is very inflammable in the
presence of light. Do not smoke or
bring a free flame of any kind near
the liquid or the . place where the
treatment is being given, for when
fire comes into contact with the
fumes there is an explosion. Large
quantities of it should not be kept
about the house. It will not injure
the corn and will not hurt the hands.
This is the most effective means ot
destroying the weevil which has yet
been devised. The barrels should be
covered when the treatment is going
on. The treatment need not be con
tinued over twenty-four to thirty
six hours. If exposed to the air for
a time, the corn will be perfectly good
for human food. •
There is no effectual means of pro
tection against horseflies other than
through the use of nets. We have
never found any ointment or oil
which could be used for this purpose
which we regarded as satisfactory.
Using Nitrate of Soda on Sweet Po
tatoes x
W. L. s., Seale, Aid., writes: What
effect docs nitrate of > soda have on
sweet potatoes after they have been
planted out, and also if put In the
ground before planting?
The function of nitrogen is to stim
ulate growth. Provided, therefore,
it is placed within the reach of the
roots of growing plants in a suitable
form they will take a good part of
it up and use it. Diseased plants, of
course, might not assimilate as much
of it as those in a vigorous condi
tion. During an exceedingly dry
spell nitrogen might not be taken up
as rapidly as when there is a good
season in the ground. Excessive
rainfall might interfere also with the
assimilation of nitrogen, causing it
to be leached away to some extent.
If nitrate of soda is put under the
drill row before the sweet potatoes
are set out and well mixed with the
soil, the chances are they will begin
to utilize it sooner than when it is
put on as a side-application after po
tatoes have been set out. It may be
used in either way, however. There
is an impression that nitrate of soda
does not need to be applied until
rather late in the season. This is
not a right conclusion to draw. Our
experience indicates that most plants
need considerable quantities of ni
trogen during their early stages of
growth and development. This has
inclined us to advise the application
of nitrate of soda to growing crops
somewhat earlier in the growing sea
son than most people seem to think
desirable.
A Standard Northern Hay Grass
L. L., Muscadine, Ala., writes: I
would like to know the name of the
sample cf grass sent you. It stayed
green all winter and went to seed in
our garden last spring. I would like
to know the name of it so I can order
some seed.
The sample of grass enclosed is
known as Timothy. It is a common
hay grass of the northern states. It
is not extensively grown in the south
because it is only well adapted to
moist, rich soils. It does not thrive
satisfactorily on either high, dry or
sandy lands even though they may
be very fertile naturally. It does
best on soils w’hlch contain a consid
erable amount of lime and humus. It
is rather a slow grass to start off in
the spring, and it is not as well
suited for pasturage as some other
kinds of grass.
It will be best to seed this grass
in the autumn, say sometime in Oc
tober. About one-third of a bushel
should be sown per acre. It may be
scattered in the drill and lightly
covered or it mar be broadcasted
and a weeder used to incorporate it
Into the soil. When this grass is
sown, the land should have been pre
viously planted in a clean-hoed
crop. It is not likely to prove profi
table for cultivation in your section
of the south save on the richest and
best of bottom lands which are na
turally well supplied with lime or
made rich in calcium through the ap
plication of several tons of crushed
I lime per acre.
Ammonia by New Process
: An enterprising American has se
i cured from the Italian government a
j concession for the utilization of 800
horsepower of the Marmore cascades
near Terni. about seventy miles from
Rome, and maintains that he can
turn out nitrogenous plant food for
the Italian farmer at a cost as low a
one lira per kilo (equivalent to
SO,OBB per pound, with the lira taken
at its par exchange value of $0,193).
It is said that the falls are capable
of generating not less than 150,000
horsepower.
These are the cascades over which
Byron waxed so eloquent in “Childe
Harold’s Pilgrimage.” Alfred P. Den
nis, commercial attache of the United
States embassy in Rome, reports to
the department of commerce that the
only ingredients in the ammonia are
water, air, and electric energy.
Better Marketing—Better Prices;
Farmers, Wake Up and Get Busy
Now and then the question is
asked, “What benefit does the farm
er receive from the government crop
reports?” Also, "Do they not play
into the hands of the speculators?”
Here are a few facts that may help
to clear up doubts as to the immense
value of the crop estimating work
done by the United States depart
ment of agriculture.
Farmers are benefited directly and
indirectly. Because the reports cover
crop and live stock conditions, pres
ent and prospective supply, for all
states, and because they are un
biased, disinterested, and as nearly
accurate as it is practicable to make
them, farmers can use the informa
tion they contain as a guide to plant
ing and marketing; that is, by ob
serving whether the indicated sup
ply is or will be relatively large or
small as compared with previous
years, the farmer can decided intel
ligently whether to increase or de
crease the acreage in a particular
crop, and whether to sell his harvest
ed crop immediately or hold for a
probable advance in price at a later
date. Hundreds of farmers have
written the department that they
have profited from a few hundred to
several thousand dollars in a single
season by regulating their plantings
and marketings in this way, and
many farmers state they have ob
tained top prices year after year by
studying the crop reports. Every
farmer could and should do the
same.
Indirectly Benefits Many
Indirectly the monthly crop reports
benefit farmers in many ways. For
instance, all banking institutions
study the government estimates of
crop acreages and prospects and the
live stock estimates as a guide to
the amount of funds that will be re
quired, and which they will be called
upon to advance for financing farm
ers through the crop season, as well
as the movement of crops after har
vest. Railroads use the crop re
ports as a guide in arrangang to
supply cars when and where need
ed for moving crops and live stock,
so far as cars are available for that
purpose. Manufacturers, merchants,
dealers, and business men are all
interested in the crop report because
it enables them to plan their opera
tions far enough in advance so that
the machinery, farm equipment, and
supplies which farmers will require
can be. supplied when and where
neededJ thereby avoiding costly and
annoying delays; and to the extent
that business men avoid losses thej
can afford to sell at reduced prices,
which benefits farmers as well as
other customers.
Crop reports are of fundamental
importance to all marketing and dis
tributing agencies, and to the extent
that the risk involved in buying
farm products and carrying them
in storage until needed is reduced,
legitimate buyers can operate on
smaller margins and therefore, in
competition with each other, they
can afford to pay higher prices to
farmers.
Speculation Thrives on Uncertainty
Speculation thrives and depends
upon lack of information, uncertain
ty, and confusion on the part of
farmers and the public. Crops and
live stock are grown in the open and
can not be hid. Speculators have
their own means of getting infor-
GOOD CARE OF BIRDS MAKES
SQUAB RAISING PROFITABLE
(Many years ago, a wave of en
thusiasm over squab raising swept
the country. Fabulous profits were
told of and many people bought
breeding stock and expected to make
a fortune with little work in a short
time. When they discovered that
these figures were overestimated and
that td reap a profit regular care
must be given the birds, their in
terest slackened and they talked as
much against the proposition as they
had for it in the beginning.
As a matter of fact, pigeon raising
can be condqcted successfully as a
special business, but is better adapt
ed to serve as a side issue on a small
scale in towns and cities and on
general farms . The demand for
squabs, especially in large cities, is
increasing. Squabs are often used
to replace dressed game, which is
decreasing in this country.
The prices received for squabs are
high enough to make squab raising
return a fair profit wherever there
is a good market. An average annual
return of from $2 to $2.59 above feed
cost per pair of breeders is consider
ed good by successful plants pro
ducing only squabs for markets.
Pigeons as a Side Issue
Many people can keep pigeons suc
cessfully as a side issue, although
it requires constant oversight and
careful attention to details. The
greatest difficulties confronting the
successful raising of pigeons seem
to be in getting good breeding stock
and finding a good market for the
product of a small flock, specialists
in the United States department of
agriculture say. Pigeons are a prof
itable source of income on general
farms where they may get much ot
their feed from the fields, provided
they are not a nuisance and the loss
by shooting and by hawks, owls, and
cats is not large. They can also be
raised successfully on farms
they are closely confined, provided
the squabs can be marketed to good
advantage.
Good - breeding stock is one of the
prime essentials of success in squab
raising. It is advisable to buy
pigeons from reliable breeders; if
possible, from those who guarantee
their product. Many failures in squab
raising have been due to poor stock,
CROP REPORTS AID FARMERS
IN GETTING BETTER PRICES
“The pinto bean growers of this
state have earned $82,000 in addi
tional profits from their 1919 crop
through their co-operative marketing
association, initiated by specialists of
the bureau of markets, United States
Department of Agriculture,” was the
recent statement made by a New
Mexico pinto bean grower.
Before the association was formed
the beans were purchased by local
buyers who practically controlled the
market and therefore paid almost any
price they chose. These buyers were
rapidly destroying the possibilities
that offered in the marketing of pinto
beans through lack of care in grading
and packing. Choice recleaned pinto
beans was a technical name that
came to mean nothing, for the beans
often contained splits and dirt, as a
result of which the trade could not
New Services to Keep Before Producers and
Distributors Important Crops to Market
The federal bureau of markets
news services on live stock and
meats, hay feeds and seeds, and dairy
products, and fruits and vegetables,
are designed to keep before produc
ers, distributors and consumers a
picture of the movement of import
ant crops to market, the supplies ar
riving in all of the principal consum
ing and distributing centers and the
wholesale prices prevailing in each.
To make its reports of the greatest
practical usefulness, the bureau has
equipped itself with the fastest sys
tem of communication available. Its
branch offices in the great consuming
and distributing markets are connect
ed with leased telegraph lines and
operated by bureau telegraphers.
These wires are busy from eight to
twelve hours a day in the transmis
sion of market information which
is vital to intelligent and systematic
food distribution.
From the time the live stock mar
kets open in the morning until the
close of the day's business, the bu
reau’s representatives at Chicago,
Kansas City, Omaha and East St
Louis • send out a telegrapJaL"
mation all the time, by letter and
by telegraph, through traveling
salesmen, local buyers and dealers,
country merchants and bankers,
through crop experts employed by
them at high salaries, and through
various private crop reporting agen
cies. Were it not for the bureau of
crop estimates, which is a disin
terested federal agency through
which farmers can pool information
regarding loctt. .• conditions and have
it summarized by the bureau into
an accurate report for the whole
country, farmers and the public
would be at the mercy of specula
tors who would be free to issue any
sort of misleading reports designed
to influence prices to their own ad
vantage, and farmers would have no
means of checking them up. The crop
reports injure no one but the spec
ulators, who could well afford to
pay many times the enitre cost of
the bureau to have the government
crop reports discontinued or dis
credited. In fact, the only influential
request received by the department
from any source in recent years for
the suppression of the crop report
came from one of the largest spec
ulative exchanges in the country. In
their own interest and in the inter
est of agriculture generally, farmers
should co-operate with the bureau of
crop estimates by reporting condi
tions in their neighborhoods, and
should not criticize or disparage the
crop reports as inaccurate or detri
mental to the interests of farmers,
because by doing so they are like
ly to play directly into the hands
of the speculators.
Relative Supply Affects Prices
Farmers should realize that the
prices of their products are deter
mined largely by the relative sup
ply, because the demands remain
fairly constant, and that the law of
supply and demand which deter
mines or influences these prices is
not limited to any particular county
or state, but is nation-wide, and
for some crops world-wide. Regard*
less of what is grown in your own
country, or even in your own state,
the price you get for what you
have to sell will depend largely upon
what is produced by farmers in
other states and countries; and be
fore you can decide intelligently
whether it will pay you to grow
more or less cotton, or corn, or any
other crop, or whether to sell your
crop or live stock now or to hold it
until later on, you must know some
thing about the relative supply pro
duced in other states and countries.
It is this information which the
government crop reports supply more
accurately and more dependably
than any other agency, and it is
this sort of information which farm
ers must learn to use, as it will
help them to make their business
profitable.
The monthly crop report is an ab
solutely unbiased, nonpartisan, busi
ness service, as nearly accurate as
it is possible to make it and there
fore the most dependable source
of information available, to farmers
and the public: and that, to be of
greatest practical value, farmers
should co-operate with the bureau in
supplying information for their
neighborhoods, and should have full
confidence in the government crop
reports and make practical use of
them.
because the prospective producer
bought old pigeons past their period
of usefulness, or a surplus of male
birds. Both the age and the sex
of pigeons are difficult to determine
bv casual observation, "which forces
the buyeh to depend largely on the
seller’s word.
It is advisable either to nuy mated
pigeons which are from 1 to 3 years
old or to get young birds 6 to 8
weeks old and mate them at the
proper age. Pigeons are most val
uable as squab producers "when from
2 to 6 years of age, although many
■will breed until they are about 8
years old. The small varieties mate
and breed at 5 to 6 months, and the
larger ones at 8 to 9 months.
The young pigeons are usually re
moved from the breeding pen and put
into a pen by themselves after they
are able to fly about and pick up
their own food. A catching net or
bag made of large-mesh cotton net
ting, with the mouth or top about 18
inches in diameter, is very useful for
catching the pigeons. Squabs hatch
ed in April, May, and June make the
best breeders, while their value on
the market is comparatively low at
that time of the year.
Marketing the Squabs
Squabs are fed by the parent birds
until they are marketed, which is
usually at from 3 1-2 to 4 1-2 .weeks
of age. They must be sold about this
age, as the period during which they
are ready for market rarely exceeds
one w r eek. Squabs are in good con
dition when fully feathered under the
wings, which is usually about the
time they begin to leave their nests,
and if not marketed at that time they
soon lose their baby fat and their
flesh begins to get hard. In the
morning, before the breeders are fed,
pick up the squabs to be marketed
when their crops are empty. Leave
them in a pen for 12 hours to allow
all foo dto pass out of their crop.
The production of. squabs from
each pair of breeders varies from 1
to 2 as high as 10 or 11 pairs a year,
but an average of from 6 to 7 pairs
is a fair estimate, although some
squab breeders produce more. Squabs
usually sell at the highest prices dur
ing cold weather, as pigeons do not
breed so freely then as in spring.
depend upon the quality of the pro
duct.
Now the ’ farmers do their own
marketing through the association.
Sixteen warehouses, properly equip
ped with grading and packing ma
chinery, have been erected. The beans
are carefully graded and then packed
in new, even-weight 100-pound bags,
which are neatly sewed and branded.
The association demands clean cars
from the railroad, and in loading the
sewed ends of the sacks face one
way. The association believes in the
bureau of markets’ proved theory
that when a buyer throws open the
door of a car he is instantly im
pressed if the contents present a
clean, orderly appearance. The New
Mexico association has 1,500 members
and marketed 250 carloads of beans
last year. It is constantly calling on
the bureau of markets for assistance,
w’hich is cheerfully given.
from one or the other of these mar
kets every fifteen minutes. The sales
of live stock in the Chicago yards
alone average more than $3,000,000 a
day, and the value of the live stock
sold in the public stockyards of this
country is more than $5,000,000,000
annually—figures indicating the im
portance of supplying information
that is imperative.
When a market is oversupplied
with a product—particularly a highly
perishable fruit or vegetable—a great
waste results. The product spoils
and becomes unfit for use and the
dealers suffer a financial loss on ac
count of this spoilage and also on
account of the fact that they must
sell their stocks at a sacrifice in
order to dispose of them at all. Gluts
of this kind used to occur frequently
and were nearly always coincident
with a scarcity of food in another
place. Since the market news serv
ice on fruits and vegtables was in
stituted, this situation has improved
materially.
Hope springs eternal in the human
breast. That’s why the pool of dis
appointment is always slopping over.
Much of the milk of human kind
ness is adulterated beyond the cream
gfniarattua stage.
SATURDAY, JULY 10, 1030.
Milk Won’t Stay Sweet if Carelessly
Handled, Never Mix New Milk With Old
No matter how well milk has been
handled up to the time it is delivered
to the consumer, it can not be ex
pected to keep well if it is careless
ly treated thereafter. It should be
poured into pitcher, pan, or other
vessel —freshly scalded to remove
any bacteria or mold spores—and
kept in a cool, Clean place free from
dirt, flies, etc. New milk should
never be mixed with old unless it is
to be used at once, as the bacteria
in the old milk will, of course, be
added also, and the mixed milk will
not keep as well as the fresh milk
alone.
Bacteria are thickest where there
is dirt and decay, and milk should
therefore be stored only in clean,
sweet places. It is safer to keep it
covered, to exclude not only dirt and
bacteria but also the flavors And
odors which it so easily absorbs. If
kept at a temperature of 50 degrees
F. or less, good milk should remain
sweet for twelve hours at least, after
Feeders Finish Off Beef Cattle
, At Younger Years, Bigger Increase
Feeders show an Increasing ten-1
dency toward finishing off their beef I
cattle at younger ages. In general I
this tendency is created by two
causes: First, consumers are demand
ing small, high-quality cuts of meat;
second, the cost of producing beef,
due to advance in land values, feeds,
labor and taxes, has increased to such
an extent that feeders and breeders
can seldom hold their cattle to ad
vanced ages at a profit. General
conditions in the past few years have
indicated that no class of beef yet
produced more nearly fulfills the re
quirements of both producer and
consumer than baby beef, and the ;
feeding of baby beeves has been in
creasing in popularity.
In the early days of the cattle in* |
Marketing Sheep and Hogs
Os fifty-four carloads of sheep, in
cluding eleven single-deck and forty
three double-deck cars, the cost of
loading and bedding cars averaged i
$0,019 per 100 pounds live weight,
according to figures fprnished the
federal trade commission by the
United States department of agri
culture. Other marketing expenses,
including freight, varied from $0,239
to $1.97 per hundred weight. The
shrinkage in weight varied from 3.53
to 8.57 per cent, the majority of the ,
shipment averaging approximately 8 I
per cent.
Similar records on 253 carloads of |
hogs showed the cost of loading and I
bedding to average 1.5 cents per 100 ■
pounds live weight; feed at market
approximately 8 to 9 cents; commis- |
sion charges, 4 to 10 cents; miscel
laneous expense, 2 to 10 cents, aver
aging approximately 5 cents; and the
total cost of marketing, including
freight from varying districts, ap
proximately from 33 to 50 cents.
The shrinkage in weight on 873 car
loads of hogs varied from 9.88 to
mihus 4.59 per cent.
Potato Storage Houses
CLEMSON COLLEGE.—The South
Carolina Cotton association has in
dorsed the building of sweet po
tato storage houses, and urges all ’
prospective builders to get expert ad
vice and not be humbugged by “wild
cat” schemes. The following is an
extract from the minutes of the semi- ,
annual convention South Carolina di
vision American Cotton association,
held in Columbia on May 5, 1920, this
being from the report of the commit
tee on warehousing and legislation:
“Your committee wishes to call
your attention to the fact that there
are a number of concerns selling or
offering for sale plans, patent rights,
etc., for potato warehouses. We ad
vise all persons to communicate with
the director of extension at Clemson
college before parting with their
money to any of these concerns that
they may be sure they are not being
humbugge d. ”
WOODS SEEDS
Crimson Clover
The Wonderful. Soil Improver
Sow it in your com and cotton at the working, and l
next year you can plant these two crops on the sarfle land and.
make bigger crops. It is considered worth S2O to S3O per acre
in the increased productiveness and improved mechanical con
dition of the soil.
CRIMSON CLOVER also' makes'an* excellent;winter and
spring grazing crop, the best of early green feed and a good
hay. crop.
Cow Peas
For Forage and Soil
Pound for pound, cow pea hay is as valuable 'a feed as
clover hay; it is nearly equal in value to alfalfa and wheat
bran. •? The U. S. Department of Agriculture says:» *‘No one,
thing can add more to the agricultural wealth of.the South'
than growing of cow peas.”
Write for copy of our 1920 Fall Catalog giving prices and!
full Information about fall crops for Farm and Garden.» Mailed
FREE on request. ,
T. W. WOOD & SONS, Seedsmen,
Richmond, - - - Virginia.
— ■
Side dress ymir Cottosi with
GERMAN POTASH .II
KAINIT
20 per cent MANURE SALT and I
NITRATE OF SODA
100 pounds of Manure Salt go as far as 160
pounds of Kainit and have the same effect as I
a plant food and plant disease preventive—
Neither one will injure your crop.
For prices write nearest Office of
Nitrate Agencies Company
Now York Norfolk Savannah Jacksonville New Orleanz Hou z ton, Tex, f
Stocks at other leading Atlantic and Gulf Ports
it reaches the consumer, and ordinari
ly for twenty-four hours or more,
dairy specialists of the United States
department of agriculture say. Some
times in very hot weather house
keepers complain that in spite of all
precautions it sours quickly, even in
the ice box. This is often due to the
fact that the air of the ice box, al
though it seems cold in contrast with
the heat outside, is realy not con
enough to check the growth of the
bacteria; if a thermometer placed
inside registers more than 50 degrees
F. the fault is almost surely in tn*
temperature of the ice box. and sot
in the milk. In large cities, where
most of t*-e /nllk comes by morning
trains from a considerable distance, j
it is often impossible to deliter iresh
morning’s milk in time for breakfast,
and that milked the morning before
must be given to pations who insist
on early delivery. They would get
their milk from twelve to eighteen
hours fresher if they would take it
in the afternoon instead.
dustry steers were kept on the range
until from three to five years of age.
The use of better bulls ■With cortse
quent improvement in quality and
early maturity of market cattle, to
gether with heavier grain feeding,
has made it possible to put just as
much flesh on the animals by the
time they are from ten to twenty
months of age. With improvements
in breeding and in feed-lot methods
heavier cattle with more quality may
in time be put on the market at *
even a younger age. The precise age
at which steers should be marketed
depends upon several conditions
which must be determined by the in
dividual feeder.
Send NoMoney l&Ek
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