Newspaper Page Text
6
How About Motor Trucks?
Here’s a Fine Summary
Os Results From the West
Summarizing the experience of 831
dorn-belt farmers who own motor
■trucks, the United States department
df agriculture found that in the opin
ion of nine-tenths of these men, the
greatest advantage in owning a mo
for truck is “saving time,” in the
opinions of three-fourths of them
the greatest disadvantage is “poor
roads,” and 91 per cent believes that
their trucks will turn out to be a
profitable investment.
The reports, however, indicate that
on most of these farms the truck
has not reduced expense to any great
extent, and that it supplements rath
er than replaces work stock and oth
er equipment.
On the average these trucks trav
el 2,777 miles per year, and the cost
of operation is between 16 1-2 cents
and 17 cents per mile, making the
total annual cost from $460 to $470.
Each truck displaces an average of
1-2 head of work stock. With the
cost of keeping a horse a year in the
corn belt around S2OO, the reduction
in expense for this item is in th,e
neighborhood of $240 per farm. For
all farms the average amount of
hired help saved by the trucks is
$163. On most farms these are the
only two items of direct reduction
in expense which can be credited to
th® truck, and on the average they
amount to S6O or S7O less than the
total cost of operating it.
To offset this added cost, custom
hauling done with the trucks
amounts to about SSO per year for
all farms, leaving only something
like $lO to S2O annual net expense
which must bc'Vnore than balanced
by thg saving of time of the owner
and members of the family, the abil
ity to get crops and live stock to
market in better condition or at bet
ter time, and other benefits which
are not directly measurable in dol
lars and centh, if the average truck
is to a profitable investment
, It must be remembered that most
of these farms where trucks are
owned are larger than the average,
'and are lo.cated at a considerable
distance from market.
- The investigation was made dur
ing the past winter and spring,
farmer-truck owners in Indiana, 111-
•'inois, Missouri, lowa, southern Wis
consin, southern Minnesota, south
eastern South Dakota, eastern Ne
braska. and eastern Kansas, who
raise corn as one of their principal
jcrops, and who practice the general
grain and live stock farming char
acteristic of the corn eilt, reported to
4; he department of the use they make
of their trucks, the cost of operating;
them, the advantages and disadvant
ages of trucks for farm use, and
other related information.
• , : A study of the reports of 831 of
these farmers has just been complet
ed by the division of rural engineer
ing of the bureau of public roads and
-the office of farm management and
farm economics. \
Some'of the important facts re
vealed by the investigation are:
The average size of the farms is
346 acres and their average distance
from market is 8 miles.
''“Only 14 per cent of them are less
than 5 miles from market, and 20
per cent are 15 miles or more from
market.
A little over one-fourth of these
men have changed their markets,
for at least a part of their produce,
since purchasing trucks. For those
who have changed market, the aver
age' distance to the old market was
7- miles, and to the new market is 18
toiles.
The rated capacity of these trucks
varies from one-half to two tons.
Seventy per cent of them are rated
at one ton, and only 9 per cent of
them at less than one ton.
Experience with trucks has caus
ed 57 per «cent of these men to de
cide that the 1-ton size is best for
their condition, 25 per cent that
the 1 1-2-ton size is best, and 12 per
J£nt that the 2-ton is best. Prac
tically one man in four has decided
that a truck larger than the one he
.-xnow\owns would be better suited to
liis conditions.
Ninety-one per cent believe that
It Pays to Get Rid of Hens
That Are Loafing on the Job
‘•’Cull tie slackers” Is- the slogan
if the .-- Jccessful poultry man of to-
Uay. All during the year he weeds
but the sick, the weak, and those
which show evidences of nonpro
ductive weakness or poor vitality;
but before cold weather sets in the
/ whole flock is given a careful sys
tematic culling. Culling serves three
purposes, poultry specialists of the
United States Department of Agricul
ture say. First—lt increases the
profits by Insuring that the feed will
be consumed by the better-producing
hens, thfe profit payers, and will not
be consumed by the poor producers,
‘ which are ekpt at a loss. Second—lt
makes it possible to save those best
suited for breeders, both on account
of their better production and on ac
count of their superior strength and
Vitality, which have enabled them tq
stand up under the severe strain of
heavy laying. Third —Weeding out
the poor hen gives more room and
a better chance to those left. Where
trap nesting is practiced, culling is
a comparatively simple process, as
the recorded egg record enables one
to determine whether a hen should be
retained or discarded.
Market Foor Producers
The hens should be handled indi
vidually and gone over carefully with
the object of dividing them into two
lots —one the better producers and
the other the poorer producers. From
f the better producers it is also desir
able to pick out and baud, or other
wise mark, as many of the best as
will be needed for breeders. Market
'hose selected as the poor producers.
Save the better producers for laying
and breeding.
When a single’ systematic culling
is made, the best time to do it is
■in early fall. At this time it» is
easier to form a close estimate of
the relative value of a hen as an
egg producer and to waed out the
poor layers. • Hens that show indi
cations of laying at this time are
those which on the average have
been the better producers for the
year. It must be remembered, too,
that the better producers during the
.irst laying ye.Tr are usually those
Which w-ill be the better producers
in subsequent years.
Molting is probably the most valu
able and most easily applied test of
production. Hens cease laying com
pletely, or almost completely, dur
ing the molt. The better producers
lay late in the fall and therefore
molt late. Late molters also molt
rapidly as a rule, while early molt
ers molt slowly. Therefore, save the
hens that have not molted by Au
gust or are only just beginning to
molt late in September or in October
and discard those which have finish
ed molting or are well into the molt.
The hen that molts latest, provided
they are otherwise desirable, are
the best to save for breeders.
As a hen stops laying there is a
tendency for her to take on fat. This
- is noticeable in examining the pelvic
bones, the two bones which can be
felt as points on either side of the
vent. When the hen is laying,
these bones are comparatively thin
'and flexible. When she is not lay
ing, they feel thicker and less flexi
ble. des to the fat which has ac
cumulated there. Often poor pro
ducers are somewhat "beefy in type.
' showing stiffer, thicker pelvic bones,
even when in laying condition than
do good producers. The spread, or
distance apart, of the pelvic bones
ig also a valuable indication of
whether the hen is laying. When
laying they are wider apart than
when the hen is not laying. The
spread can be roughly measured for
practical purposes by determining
how mhny fingers can be laid be
tween the bones. If the spread meas
ures two fingers or less, the prob
abilities are that the hen is not lay
ing, while if the spread is greater,
she is probably laying.
•In brief, cull hens that are sick,
K ’eak, lacking vigor. Inactive. poor
* THE ATLANTA Till WEEKLY JOURNAL.
their trucks will prove to be a
profitable investment.
In the opinions of these men the
principal advantage of a motor truck
is in saving time, and the principal
disadvantage *s “poor roads.”
As compared with horses and
wagons the trucks save aboutiwo
thirds of the time required for haul
ing to and from these farms.
On the average there are over
eight weeks during the year when
the roads are in such condition on
account of mud, snow, etc., that these
trucks cannot be used. The roads on
which nearly 95 per cent of them us
ually travel are all or part dirt.
The condition of the roads prevent
ed the use of the trucks with pneu
matic tires a little less than seven
weeks during the year covered by the
reports, and of those with solid tires
a little over nine weeks.
Twenty-four per cent of the trucks
are equipped with pneumatic tires, 27
per cent with solid tires, and 49
per cent with pneumatics in front
and solids in reai>JHowever, expedi
ence has convinced 58 per cent that
pneumatics are best for their condi
tions, 35 per cent that solids are
best, and 7 per cent that pneumatics
in front and solids in rear are best.
These men have return loads for
trucks about one-third of th*' fine.
A majority of these men still use
their horses for some hauling on
the road.
On more than half of the farms
all the hauling in the fields and
around the buildings is still done
with horses and wagons.
About-40 per cent of these men did
some custom hauling with their
✓trucks during the year covered by
the reports. The average amount re
ceived by those who did such work
was $132.
Their owners estimate that on~fhe
average these trucks travel 2,777
miles and are used on 112 days per
year.
The average estimate life of these
trucks is six and one-half years, and
on this basis depreciation is usually
the largest single item of expense
in connection with their operation.
The average cost of operation, In
dia!.n" dem ed--, iom Interest on in
vestment, repairs, registration and
license fees, fuel, oil, and tires, is
15.2 cents per mile for the one-half
and three-quarter ton trucks, 15.2 for
the one-ton, 21.3 cents for the one and
one-quarter and one and one-half-ton,
and 25.8 cents for the two-ton.
The average cost of hauling crops,
including the value of the driver’s
time, is fifty cents per hour, is twen
ty-four cents per ton mile with the
one-half and three-quarter-ton
trucks, 24.1 cents with the one-ton,
23.3 cents with the one and one-quar
ter and one and one-half-ton, and 21.5
cents with the two-ton trucks.
Nearly 85 per cent of thes trucks
had not been out of commission when
needed for a single day during the
year covered by the reports, and 80
per cent of the owners stated that
they had not lost any appreciable
time on account of motor and tire
trouble, breakage, etc., when using
their trucks. About one truck, in
fifteen was out of commission more
than five days, however, and one
owner in forty reported a loss of
more than 5 per cent of the time
when using his trucks.
per cent of these men
have not reduced the number of their
work-stock since purchasing trucks.
Twenty-four per cent have disposed
of one or two head, and 20 per cent
of more than two head T**e aver
age reduction for all faztns is 1.2
head. t
Half of these men own tractors as
well as motor trucks. Most of the
tractors are owned on the larger
farms, howeve •. Only 33 per cent of
the men whose farms contain 160
crop acres or less own tractors,
while 65 per cent of those with over
320 crop acres own them. The num
ber of work stock kept on the farms
where both trucks and tractors are
owned is only slightly less than the
number kept on the farms of cor
responding size where only trucks are
owned.
Seventy-eight per cent of these
farmers state that their trucks re
duce the expense for hired help. On
those farms where there is a reduc
tion the operators estimate that it
amounts to $209 per year on the aver
age.
eaters, early molters, with small,
puckered, hard, dry vents; with
small, shriveled, hard, scaly dull-col
ored combs; with thick or coarse
stiff pelvic bones, close together,
small spread between pelvic bones
and rear end of keel, and hard, small
abdomen. In breeds with yellow
skin and shanks, the discarded hens
should also show yellow or medium
yellow shanks and yellow beaks
and vents.
Save hens that are healthy, strong,
vigorous, alert, and active; good
eaters; not molting or just eginning
to molt Pn September or October:
with large, moist vents, with full,
red combs; thin, pliable pelvic bones
well spread apart, wide spread be--
tween pelvic bones and rear end of
keel, and large, soft, pliable abdo
men. In breeds with yellow skins
and shanks, the hens saved should
also show pale or white shanks, and
pale or white beaks and vents.
Dia Sweet Potatoes
Before Frost Comes:
* 7
Get Better Grade
. BY J. A. M’CIiINTOCK
Physiologist, Georgia Experiment
Station
Tests at ■Hie. Georgia experiment
station and at experiment stations
in other southern states, have prov
en that the time of digging sweet
potatoes has much to do with their
keeping and eating qualities.
It has been the practice for
growers to wait until frost kills
the potato leaves before harvest
ing. This was based on the theo/y
that it required frost to “drive the
sap out of the vines and potatoes
into the ground” before the pota
toes were ready to harvest. This
practice has undoubtedly been re
sponsible for the loss of many po
tatoes in banks and storage houses,
because sweet potatoes dug after
the leaves are killed are apt to be
“waterlogged,and thus difficult to
cure and k£ep.
Under normal growing conditions
the potato plants take water from
the soil through the roots, use
what they require, throwing off any
excess moisture through the leaves.
This process is well regulated by
the potato plants as long as the
leaves 1 are alive and healthy, but
when the leaves are seriously in
jured by disease or are killed by
frost they cannot throw off the
I excess moisture. The potato roots
! beiner in the ground and not injured
Iby frost continue to take up water
■ and as the dead leaves are unable
Ito get rid of the excess moisture
it accumulates in the vines and
potatoes; giving them the so-called
"waterlogged” condition. This ex
cess moisture in the potatoes makes
them more difficult to dry or cure,
even under the best of storage con
ditions. The excess moisture also
makes them more subject to the at
tacks of fungi, like I’hizop:.-. which
causes large losses due to soft rot
in storage.
Sweet potatoes p. anted in the
spring are mature and ready to dig
before danger of frost injury to the
leaves, and those planted later m
the season would keep better if
harvested while immature, than if
allowed to stay in the ground until
the vines ate killed by frost.
The Georgia experiment station
advises growers to dig their pota
toes before the leaves are killed by
frost, but in case a grower is not
able to do so, he should try to get
his potatoes harvested as soon as
possible after frost, for the longer
the potatoes remain in the ground
after the vines are frosted the more
“waterlogged” they become.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
BY DR. ANDREW M. SOULE
Destroy the 801 l Weevil
A united state-wide fight on the
boll weevil should be inaugurated
immediately. A crop worth more
than three hundred million dollars
is at stake. The credit and progress
of Georgia are involved. The weevil
ate up forty million dollars worth
of cotton for us last year. We can
not tell as yet how extensive the
losses will be for 1920 but they will
undoubtedly aggregate many mil-
Jions of dollars. We have preached
diversification and it is a wise and
proper subject to emphasize. We
must continue to diversify on a
much more extensive scale than we
have practiced in the past. The
more successfully we do this the
greater will be our profits under
boll weevil conditions. At the same
time, there are two things which
stand out pre-eminently. First of
all, the world must be clothed and
cotton is ' that most .important and
essential fibre to this end. Second,
cotton will always be our chief
money crop. Our climatic .conditions
make this self-evident to any one
who has studied the situation. We
should be prepared, therefore, to
use every agency at our command
to maintain our supremacy in cot
ton production.
We can grow cotton successfully
and profitably under boll weevil
conditions but we can not do this
by a continuance of the methods of
practice followed in the past. New
situations create new needs. Prog
ress brings about change. Even the
depredations of a small insect ci"
neither be gainsaid nor overlooked.
It is our duty then as well as our
privilege to acquaint ourselves thor
oughly with the life history of the
bpll weevil; to asectrain as nearly
as possible the best conditions under
which he thrives and develops, and
then to counteract his power to mul
tiply and destroy our crops by at
tacking him at the weakest point in
his armor. There has never been a
plague in the history of the world
which could not be held in check or
overcome. Man has had to exert
himself and change his line of
thought and his method of procedure
to accomplish this end, but up to the
present time he has always suc
ceeded. Nature has seen to it that
there is a weak spot in the armor of
the boll weevil and by taking advan
tage of this weakness, we can at
least sufficiently encompass his de
struction to enable us to continue
the profitable production of cotton
on a state-wide basis.
Now is the best time In all the
year in which to fight- the weevil
with the utmost vigor and the high
est measure of success. This may
be brought about in one of several
ways, but the best, most economical
and desirable plan of action to follow
is that of turnirtg under the cotton
stalks before frost to the greatest
depth possible. Immediatelv the cry
goes up that the cotton will not all
be out by that time. This is a mis
conception for there will rearely, if
ever, be anything of a top cron of
cotton under boll weevil conditions.
Let us get this idea firmly in out
minds and resign ourselves once and
fir all to the loss of the top crop.
iTie advent of the boll weevil means
that we can only succeed in cotton
cultivation through the growing of
early, maturing varieties. The boll
weevil will see to it that we grow
early maturing varieties or go out of
business. The boll weevil will live
chiefly under p-oner methods of
management on the ton cron of cot
ton. Let us give this to him, but
at the same time arrange our meth
ods of farm nract’ce on a basis that
will insure his destruction in the
largest nossible numbers. We should
“ncourage in so far as we can a
heavy infestat-’on of the top cron,
and if we select early maturing
varieties for planting, we will he
sure of raising anywhere from 40 to
80 per cent of a normal cotton cron
Senending upon the degree of weevil
mfest'tion and the methods em
ployed of fightin" the same.
The cotton stalks should be turn
ed under three weeks before frost. Do
this work if it is at all possible by
October 1. This can certainly be
accomplished in many sections of
the state because of the fact al
ready stated that tjje weevil will
cause an early ihaturitv of the part
of the crop which the farmer wi’l
gather from this date forward. Tn
some sections of the state it may
be possible to turn under the stalks
effectivelv as late as October 15.
If we wait until after frost falls,
the benefits of turning under the
stalks are greatly minimized because
the weevils will immediately scat
ter out and find shelter which lyill
effectively protect them until next
year. Weevils can not live away
from cotton in the fall for more
than two or three weeks. There
fore, if their food supply de
stroyed before frost occurs, millions
of them are starved even if they
may not be buried so deeply in the
soil as to kill them.
After frost occurs nature has pro
vided the weevil with the power to
live for several months without
food. After he goes into hybernat
ing quarters, there is little we can
flo to injure him before he emerges
the next spring. It is the late de
veloped weevil which is well fed anil
noursihed on the top crop of cotton
that has the greatest vigor. These
are the ones that go into the winter
if left unmolested in a vigorous con
dition. Their powers of resistance
to cold through the hybernating
period are much greater than those
of older weevils. It is this young
crop or last' crop of weevils which
we should make the greatest ef
fort to destroy as completely as
possible.
-"■"When you consider that literally
millions of them may be killed out
by the simple practice of turning
the stalks uAdey to a depth of sev
eral inches three weeks before frost
occurs, the importance of this par
ticular phase of the fight against
the weevil becomes self-evident. If
we can just impress this fact on
the minds of all our land owners
strongly enough to convince them
of the necessity of making a united
effort to destroy stalks, we will
have done more to minimize weevil
damage in 1921 than can be accom
plished in any other way.
The stalks may be turned under
with various types of machinery.
A tractor will be found admirable
for this purpose. Gang plows may
be used. Ordinary turning plows
may be used effectively provided a
heavy chain is attached to the end
of the whiffle tree and the colter.
Remember that the complete bury
ing of the stalks is the end to be
accomplished. Do not be afraid of
ripping up the soil to o deeply.
sure that your plow is so adjust
ed a s to completely invert and burv
the stalks in the soil. Any method
of practice that will attain the end
indicated may be employed. If you
simply turn the stalks over on the
side and leave the ends sticking out
of the ground, you will no doubt
destroy some weevils, but you will
have largely nullified the end vou
are striving to attain. A one-horse
plow and a light mule will not en
able you to turn under the cotton,
stalks satisfactorily, if you go not
idppen to nave two mules, borrow
one from your neighbor for a day or
two. United effort should be made
by every individual and every com
munity to get sufficiently large im
plements and heavy enough work
stock to accomplish the desired end.
Remember that every one is con
cerned in this enterprise. The bid
farmer should see that the small
farmer is helped in an emergency of
fronted* 6 by whlch we are n °w con
tnLhere^Vil] be - t A? se who conclude
that as their neighbors are not turn
ing under the cotton stalks it is use
less for them to break their own land.
In this they are very much mistaken
If you will always bear in mind that
it is possible for one pair of weevils
coming out of hybernation in the
spring to be the progenitors of eleven
million weevils before the next au
tumn, we can surely appreciate how
important the destruction of even one
pair of these insects becomes. The
man who plows the stalks under on
his own land irrespective of what his
neighbor does, will be benefited cer
tainly to the extent that his own
fields,will not likely be infested until
a good deal later in the season an
other year than those of his neigh
bors. In that event he has a fine op
portunity to develop a good bottom
crop of cotton and feed the weevils
when they attack his field on the top
crop.
We should remember that the weevil
has been in the United States now
for a good many years; that he has
traveled across a number of states;
and that his record of destruction in
every state has been practically the
same. While he has reduced cotton
production in some areas and in
creased it in other sections, we are
still producing, on the whole, as
much cotton as the world appears to
need. In states where the weevil has
been established for a number of
years, however, his life history has
been studied out and determined and
methods of combatting him evolved
which we are finding it necessary and
desirable to follow here in Georgia.
Turning under the cotton stalks
immediately is the great end to at
tain. The business man, the banker,
the farmer, the tenant, the merchant
and every citizen is intimately con
cerned about this proposition. The
matter is of such great importance
that there ought to be a state-wide
concerted effort put forth to minimize
weevil damage in 1921, by the im
mediate destruction of the cotton
stalks which are now standing idly
in such a considerable percentage of
our fields and favoring the develop
ment of a seed cron of -weevils which
will prove a veritable plague here in
1921. I am so firmly convinced of
the necessity and importance of de
stroying cotton stalks as a means of
controlling the boll weevil depreda
tions in 1921 that I believe we can
add as much as forty million dollars
to the value of our cotton crop if our
farmers will devote their energies
for one week during the early part of
October to burying deeply in the soil
the cotton stalks now standing in the
fields. Surely this is a prize and a
re'AM.rd worth striving for. It is the
best possible insurance*we can take
out against weevil damage during
next year.
Improving Soil With Crimson
' Clover
G. W. D., Loganville. Ga.,
writes: I wish to build up my
land and have been thinking of
growing crimson clover, but
know nothing about it. I will
appreciate all the information
you can give he in regard to
time of planting, etc.
Crimson clover is a winter-grow
ing legume. It will do well on al
most any type of north Georgia soil
but gives its best r&sults on those
of a sandy, loamy type. It does es
pecially well on the Cecil sandy
loam, the Tifton sandy loam, the
Greenville sandy loam v and the Nor
folk soil series. It naturally gives
the best results on land, in a fairly
fertile and friable condition. It
should be planted on a rather firm
seed-bed which has been made free
of weeds and trash by fallowing
for thirty days before planting. Iff
this section it is desirable as a rule
to seed it about October 15. In an
open season, it can be sown as late
as November 1. It will not give
as good yields, however, nor stand
the winter freezes so satisfactorily
if planted too late. So this is a
point to keep constantly in mind.
You should use about twelve t®
twenty pounds of well-cleaned, viable
seed per acre. If you have never
grown crimson clover before, it would
probably be good practice to inocu
late it. Use an artificial culture for
this purpose. You can secure the
same through any reliable seedsman
or from firms who manufacture
them. Directions for using this- ma
terial are fully set forth in the lit
erature sent with it and you should
follow them very carefully.
Sow the clover with a barrow
seeder and cover with a brush har
row or a weeder. The latter is much
to be preferred. You can, of course,
use crimson clover in association
with oats, rye or wheat. It makes
a good bottom for these crops). If
cut early in the spring when \ust
coming into bloom, it makes am ex
cellent hay. A yield of from one
and one half to three tons per acre
can be secured from good land. It
is an excellent crop to turn under
for the improvement of the land
Growing Ginseng Commercially
R. D., Elizabethton, N. C.,
writes: I would like some infor
mation in regard to growing
ginseng. Do you think it can
be successfully grown in this ,
section?
X-
Ginseng is a fleshy-rooted plant
growing wild in shady, well-drained
situations. It is found chiefly in
hardwood forests from Maine to Min
nesota and as far southward as the
mountains of Georgia and the, Caro
linas. It has been used by the Chi
nese for many years for medicinal
purposes. It is not regarded by
American physicians as possessed of
any curative qualities. The demand
tor it abroad has stimulated the col
lection of the wild roots. Its price
is now such that one could probably
grow it on a moderate »scale with
some profit. The market for it is
far away, however, and one should
only undertake ' its cutlivation on a
modest basis. The plant, of course,
is only valuable for its thick, spin
ale-shaped root, and the more nearly
it represents the human form, the
higher the roots are prized by the
Chinese. The seeds are slow to ger
minate, and it requires from five to
seven years to develop marketable
roots from seeds.
In cultivating ginseng, various
plans may be followed. It will pay
to shade it as completely as possible.
It may be planted therefore in thick
forest areas. It may be planted un
der laths much as shade tobacco is
grown. The soil should be well
drained and- rather light. The best
fertilizer is well decayed leaf mold
4 to 6 inches deep. Mulching in win
ter is desirable. The culture of gin
seng must be regarded as that of a
highly specialized crop. One must
be prepared to start in a small way
wait a long time for returns.
’ Plunging,” or speculation in the
cultivation of this crop is to be
avoided.
Selecting a Variety of Cotton
J. S. C., Midville, Ga., writes:
I am growing half ana half cot
ton, but am interested in the
Piedmont Cleveland variety. Is
it a safe taiicty to plant under
boll weevil conditions? What is
your opinion of Bank Account
cotton 7
Half and Half cotton makes a large
yield of lint, but this variety is sub
ject to attack by anthracnose which
causes many of the bolls to rot. It
has not proven as early as some
varieties tested here at the college.
Bank Account has made a fairly good
record, but it has not proven to be
one of the leading varieties which
we have tested up to date. Pied
mont Cleveland is an excellent strain
of cotton, and under proper and care
ful management in so far as I can
gather, has given very good satis
faction in most sections. It is re
garded as one of the earliest varie
ties next to College No. 1. The
Cleveland big boll, as you doubtless
know, is one of the most satisfactory
varieties for general cultivation in
Georgia. Hence, we have advised its
use in many localities. We do not
rcommend College No. 1 for growth
where black-root is found, and it is.
no doubt likely to occur from time
to time in your section as this dis
ease is most troublesome in south
Georgia.
We believe that under existing
circumstances you would probably
find the Toole a good variety to grow
in your section as it is relatively
early, can be grown with considerable
success where boll weevil depreda
tions are likely to prove severe and
is strongly resistant to the wilt
disease.
Notes on Planting Fall Onions
G. M„ Soperton. Ga.. writes: I
am thinking of planting a few
acres in onions and wish you"
advice. What kind of land should
they be planted on and what kind
of fertilizer should I use? What
is the best method of procedure
to obtain a good yield?
Onions should be planted on rich
land which is well drained. The Tif
ton sandy loam is a good type to se
lect for this purpose in your section
of Georgia. My plan of growing
onions is to seed them in nur ery
rows in the spring. In this way
large number of sets can be de
veloped. I then allow the sets to
die down as they*will during the
warm months of the summer. After
they are well dried out, I gather
and’ store them and then replant in
the fall. I set my onions out in
rows eighten inches apart and put
them eight to ten inches apart in
the drills. I have my fall crop al
ready planted. The land is made rich
by a rotation of crops, the use of
large amounts of well-rotted yard
manure and the application of ferti
lizer at the rate of 500 to 1,000
pounds per acre. A good formula
for onions should contain from 4
to 5 per cent of nitrogen, 8 to 9 per
cent of phosphoric acid and from 3
to 5 per cent of potash. You can, of
course, plant seed now. The sooner
.the planting is done, the better. Sow
fairly thickly in rows fifteen inches
apart. Transplant into field rows
when the onions are the size of a
lead pencil. Any standard variety
that is hardy in your section may be
planted. For onions I prefer to scat
ter the fertilizer and broadcast and
mix in well with the soil several
days before planting’the onions. It
will take frcyii 50,000 to 60,000 plants
per acre at the distance apart I have
s u g g ested. 2
A. B. C.’s of Breeding
Told in New Bulletin
Issued by Uncle Sam
Written in simple language for
the person who raises farm ani
mals, a new Farmers’ bulletin, just
issued by the United States de
partment of agriculture, tells the
basic facts about heredity and how
live stock improvement may be
brought about. Under the title “Es
sentials of Animal Breeding,” this
publication pieces before farmers
and stockmen information which
heretofore has been available chief
ly in books, many of them being
of technical character.
Topics explained and illustrated
by the new bulletin include: Begin
nings of life, evolution, Mendel’s
law, determination of sex, .inbreed
ing, cross-breeding, outcrossing,
pure breeding, pedigrees, grading
up, and maternal impressions. Cer
tain popular but incorrect ideas
about heredity are discussed.
Several series of, pictures show
how good blood “breeds on” and
l.kewise how inferior parents stamp
undesirable characteristics on fol
lowing generations. The discussions
deal with all the principal classes
of domestic animals, and a sum
mary of basic principles concludes
the bulletin which contains 40
pages. Copies may be obtained free
of charge by application to the
division of publication, United States
department of agriculture, Washing
ton, D. C.
For experienced breeders and for
ethers who desire more detailed in
formation than that contained in the
Farmers’ Bulletin, the department of
agriculture is preparing another bul
letin entitled “Principles of Live
Stock Breeding,” which goes more
deeply into the subject. This litera
ture, prepared in connection with
the “Better Sires —Better- 1 Stock”
campaign, adds to completeness
of the series of government publi
cations pertaining to live stock rais
ing. In fget, the department is now
prepared to furnish interested per
; sons literature on practically all
1 problems of live stock production
: and improvement.
Now Is the Time to
Banish Cockleburs
. By Plowing Them In
Early Fall Opportune Time to Flow
Under Cockleburs
Aside from its general unsightli-
I ness on the farm and the severe dam
age done to crops, such as corn,
cockleburs also occasionally kill
swine and young cattle. According
to department circular 109, issued by
the Uinted states department of ag
riculture, cockleburs do not grow
very luxuriantly in grainfields until
after the removal of the crop; the
cockleburs should then be plowed un
der before they mature seeds. In the
north early fall plowing before the
seed ripens is always good practice
for controlling this weed.
The weed may be destroyed by the
use of any good shading crop, such
as buckwheat, soy beans, or cowpeas.
Clover is particulary useful in sub
duing cocklebur. Close grazing with
sheep, especially in grain stubble, is
a very useful practice. In heavily
infested areas mowing and burning
have been successfully practiced.
Plants in waste places should be re
moved by mowing before burs are
formed, or, better still, by hand re
moval following rain, when the
ground is soft. The spud, mattock,
and hoe are all useful instruments
in eradicating cocklebur. The re
moval of cockTeburs from waste areas
is of special importance, because the
burs from a single plant may spread
to all parts of the farm .since they
adhere readily to the clothin g of
passers-by or to the coats of animals.
If the farm is*equ;pped with spray
ing machinery it is practicable to
destroy cocklebii -s entirely by spray
ing early in the spring with a solu
tion of iron sn’ptate used at the
rate cf two pounds of the chemical
to a gallon of water.
Cherokee Ginners
Are Warned Not
1 o Open Their Gins
CANTON, Ga., Oct. 9.—Ginners in
many sections of Cherokee county
have been warned to close their gins
until the price of cotton goes up.
Two more warnings were posted dur
ing the past week. In each instance
the owners were ordered to cease
operations until January 1, 1921.
A notice was found on the gin
operated by ex-Governor Joseph M.
Brown, at Cherokee mills, but Gover
nor Brown instructed his foreman
to continue to operate unless al the
other gins in the community closed
down. I. S. Stafford, 1 owner of a
gin in this city has closed his plant
US' the result of a warning that his
gin would be burned unless he ceased
operations.
The authorities are making every
effort, to apprehend the parties re
sponsible for the posting of warn
ings, but thus far no progress has
been mane.
Cotton Growers See
Need for Warehouses
In many parts of the cotton belt
growers are rapidly awakening to
the importance of warehouses as a
fundamental element in any scheme
of marketing, and arrangements are
being made to secure funds through
■co-operative action in one form or
another tor the’ building of such
warehouses, say cotton marketing ex
perts of the bureau of markets,
United States department of agricul
ture
In some instances the states them
selves are taking official cognizance
of the need for warehouses and ex
tending financial aid for their ex
struction. The state of Louisiana
owns and operates a large modern
warehouse at New Orleans. North
Carolina has provided a fund from
which loans can be made for the
biulding of warehouses by levying a
small assessment against each bale
of cotton at the gin. In South Caro
lina it has been proposed that finan
cial aid for building warehouses be
extended through the issuance of
bonds by the state.
Auto Becomes Tractor
A Missouri farmer had made a
tractor for his farm by mounting
his automobile on top of a wheeled
structure with the rear wheels of
the touring car geared ter those of
Jthe truck, thus utilizing his pleasure
vehicle for proctical purposes in
place of horses.
Grain Dust Explosions
Results of investigations - nd pre
ventive measures against grain
dust explosipns, which cost 80 lives
and $7,000,000 property damage in
1919, are contained *in a new book
being distributed by the Bureau of
chemistry. United States department
of agriculture.
Expert Gives Summary
Os Information About
Meade Cotton in Georgia
BY FRANK C. WARD
Cotton Specialist
Meade is the name given to a va
riety of upland long staple cotton
originating by selection from a
variety known locally in Texas,
where the selections were made, as
“Black Rattler” or “Blackseed” cot
ton. The name Meade was given to
the variety in honor of the late
Rowland *M. Meade, who made the
first selections in 1912 while work
ing for the United States depart
ment of agriculture.
Meade cotton has a lint that is
1 1-2 to 1 3-4 inches in length and
has been proved by spinning tests to
be practically the equal of sea is
land. The lint sold in Georgia in
the early months of 1920—for more
than SI.OO per pound or nearly three
times the price paid for short sta
ple upland cotton This variety has
the upland type of stalk and habit
of fruiting which makes it better
adapted to boll weevil territory
where sea island cannot be grown
because of its late fruiting habit.
Many growers of Meade claim that
they make as many pounds of lint
cotton per acre as with the short
staple cottons planted under the
same conditions.
The boll weevil came into Geor
gia in 1915 and it was immediate
ly evident that the state would not
be able to produce sea island when
the boll weevil had spread into the
sea island territory, Meade cotton
was introduced into the state to
take the place of sea island, which
cannot be produced under boll wee
vil conditions.
The work of introducing this cot
ton to the farmers of Georgia was
done by the United States depart
ment of agriculture and by the di
vision of agronomy of the Georgia
State College of Agriculture.
The first lantings of Meade wer§
made in 1917. Meade cotton cold in
Savannah that year-for 73 cents per
pound which was l-2c per pound
more than was paid for Sea Island
on the same market the same day.
In 1916, which was the last year
before the boll weevil began to af
fect the Sea Island crop in Georgia,
the state made 77,891 bales of Sea
Island cotton. In 1919 less than 600
bales of Sea Island cotton were
ginned and there will be less than
100 bales ginned in Georgia in 1920.
During the same period the produc-
Scarcity of Furs and
Tremendous Demand
Offers Fine Opportunities
(Here is the first installment of a
valuable article telling of the won
derful opportunities confronting
farmers this season in furnishing
furs for a market featured by high
prices. This timely question will be
covered in three installments pub
lished consecutively by The Tri-
Weekly Journal.)
Farming of wild fur-bearing ani
mals and the establishment of large
sanctuary tracts is urged by the
United States department of agricul
ture as the only sure means of pre
serving the fur supply, which is be
ing diminished to the vanishing
point. Muskrats, skunks, foxes and
minks are among the animals which
can be successfully bred in captivity
or under conditions of semi-domesti
cation
Decrease in the supply of fur
bearing animals in the United States,
coupled with a vastly increased de
mand, leads the department to urge
domestication of the ainmals and the
establishment of preserves where
they may be safe from molestation.
Unless fur-bearing animals are
rigidly conserved, the biological sur
vey declares in department circular
135, the time is not far away when
many of the valuable species
will be exterminated-'and furs will
be worn only by the very rich. This
fact is said to be recognized by the
fur trade generally, and by individ
uals who have made a study of the
subject.
Directly or indirectly fur contrib
utes to the support or comfort of
a large part of the population of the
United States. We import as much
fur as we produce. In other words,
we could sell at home twice as much
fur as we are now producing, in ad
dition to the foreign demand.
Since 1914, the center of the fur
trade has been transferred to the
United States. The greatest fur sales
in history are now being held here,
and all branches of fur dressing, dye
ing and manufacturing are bqing suc
cessfully carried on by American en
terprises.
Most of the fur goods produced in
Pine Beetle Inflicts
Damage in South
Approximately $20,000,000 damage
was inflicted by the southern pine
beetle in its attack on southern tim
ber forests during two decades, ac
cording to investigations made by
the United States department of ag
riculture concerning destruction
caused by insect forest pests. Added
to this damage is that of the black
and the red turpentine beetle.
The hickory-bark beetle is found
to be doing extensive damage in the
northern tier of states from Wiscon
sin to Vermont and southward
through the Atlantic states to cen
fral Georgia.
The department has Issued three
bulletins of particular interest to
farmers who have hickory or pine
trees on their lands. They are: “The
Dying Hickory Trees, Cause and Rem
edy,” bureau of entomology circular
144; “The Dying Pine Trees, Cause
and Remedy,” farmers’ bulletin 474;
and “The Black Turpentine Beetle
and Red Turpentine Beetle,” reprint
from bulletin 83, part I, bureau of
entomology.
The department is urging farmers
who use the slack time of late fall
and early winter in getting in fire
wood to select trees that have been
infested with insect pests.
Down come
our prices
ShoesUnaemfflrffasren/
We Lead the Fight
Against Profiteers
Order (ired from u». Outrxluet defy competition.
We furutH to live you money. Our prices are
almost as low as wholesale. We deliver all roods
FREE to your door. Your money will be refunded
instantly i f you are not satisfied with your purchase.
| BIG BARGAIN WXtrL
k book
Write for thio new illu- \
etrated Fall and Winter \mJ
Bir Bargain Book. It’e \
crammed full of barcaina \
which hare no equal. i
A postcard will brinr It to \
you at once— FREE!-POST. \
PAWI ’ '
Don’t bay a tkinc (or year
sell or family antil yoa got I
our bargain book u 4 compart oar prices,
Gilbert Bros.
DEPT E NASHVILLE, TENN.
ts TOBER 12, 1920.
tion of Meade cotton in the state has
increased from none at all in 1916
to more than 3,000 acres in 1920. But
there will be less than 2,010 bales
made this year to offer to a trade
that had a 77,891 bale source of sup
ply in Georgia in 1916.
There is great need for this long
staple cotton, for manufacturers of
fabric for automobile truck tires,
have found that cotton of less than
1 1-2 inch staple does not make
as desirable fabric as does cotton of
1 1-2 inches and over. The chief
American cottons producing such
staple are Meade, Sea Island, and
American-Egyptian. The production
of Sea Island cotton in the United
States has decreased from 117,469
bales in 1916 to 6,916 in 1919 with
prospects of a great further de
crease in 1920. The production of
American-Egyptian has increased
from prac.tically nothing in 1916 to a
crop of over 40,000 bales in 1919,
which will probably be doubled in
1920. There will still be not much
more than 100,000 bales of 1 1-2-inch
staple to supply a demand which is
greater than in 1916 because of the
increased demand for large pneu
matic tires for trucks and because
of the tendency to produce tires of
better quality which necessitates the
use of long staple cotton in making
the fabric.
Meade cotton is just as good as
Sea Island or American-Egyptian it
it is grown from pure seed and gin
ned on a roller gin. A few plant
ings of impure seed might be diast
rous to the Meade industry in Geor
gia, so the United States department
of agriculture and the Georgia
State College of Agriculture are en
deavoring to induce all growers of
Meade cotton to handle the crop in
such manner that the seed will be
10° per cent pure and to sell -
mpure sed to the oil mills.
The farmers of Georgia -an pro
duce this cotton of greatly superior
quality at very little greater ex
pense than they are producing short
staple cotton and there is no reason
why they should not put themselves
in position to receive the higher
prices that are paid for cotton of
superior quality. In the old Sea Is
land territory they have a great
many roller gins idle and the grow
ing of Meade in that territory will
enable this machinery te giw’ some
returns to the owners at a satisfac
tory price. This is a great oppor
tunity to put some of this idle ma
chinery to work.
America are manufactured in or near
New York City, where in 1918 there
were About sixty dressing and dye
ing plants, 500 dealers, 1,200 manu
facturers, 18,000 operatives and an
investment estimated at between
$200,000,000 and $300,000,000.'
Values of skins have risen to
heights that have surprised even
those on the inside, and skins that
formerly had little or no value as
fur became popular under various
trade names. A comparison of the
highest prices paid at the October,
sales in St. Louis in 1915 with those’
in 1919 illustrates the increase in
fur values. Beaver advanced in these
four years from sl7 to $38.50; otter
from sl4 to $101; muskrat from
36 1-2 cents to $5.10; red fox from
$15.20 to $64; fisher from $25 to $205;
skunk from $3,36 to $10.60; marten
from $15.20 to $145.
The crest of the rising wave of fur
values was reached at the auction
sales of February and March, 1920,
when weasel brought $4.10; muskrat,
$7.50; skunk, $12.25; raccoon, S3O;
lynx, $66; red fox, s7l; mink, $75;
otter, $105; marten, $201; and fisher,
$365. The fur market has been
greatly depressed recently, but its re
covery to normal demand and prices
in the near future is anticipated.
(To bs continued)
We want you to »ee the Dixie Razor and try it thoroughly. Alter trial if you want to keep it .send ■
us $1.95 and we will send you a fine SI.OO razor hone free. If you don’t want it return to us. Fill ■
out blank below end mail to us. Hie razor will be sent you Ly return mail.
DIXIE MANUFACTURING CO.. UNION CITY, GEORGIA
Send me a Dixie Razor on consignment for 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL. If satisfactory I will I
send you special factory price of $1.95. If for any reason Ido not want it I will return >t to you ■
at the end of ten days. If I keep razor and pay for it promptly you are to send me a FINE SI.OO B
RAZOR HONE FREE.
7 1
NAME■
R P, STATE.R. F. D■
RII i IIIIM 'WIIBHRW— BBBBMBBMBM—BBBM—MB38aBSM»
BIG CUT IN BUGGY PRICES
FOR A FEW DAYS ONLY
Write today for catalog and special cut prices
E. VJ. MBDDLEBROOKS BUGGY CO.
100 Main Streei Barnesville, Ga
1
SAVED |“I am ■
$20.09. Iplcas B
aSSBBgaSAA .A et ' ant l I
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Sr., of Cleola, Ga. “My barn is M
W * 36x40. which made a nice barn. Had no ■
tgK’J 1 . trouble in putting Roofing on. I saved sf
it s2o.oo by ordering from you.”
Kt»j tj fwUl X n Pnnv I y° u are £ott> n K ready to build or fix
ts.vfe.ePvK |„p your old Hous Barns Cribs or
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shows New Ways How—at little cost —you can build
r - ~ New Housesand Build-
ROOFIHG sgjg
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CANTUIVST Roofing is Fire- « iGetyourrcofingnow. &
vANT_R —>— J proof. Can t rust. Easy to nail SAV.tS YOU MONEY: While prices are low. a
on. Can be used on new buildings or nailed ' We sell direct to you—Pay the freight and a
right ©ver old. wood shingles—quick and ship Quick. Be your own merchant and m
ea . Comes in big wide pieces. Galva- keep in your own pocket the profit the H
nize<. Nails, Roofing Hammer a d Metal dealer would get. WRITE —TO DAY. B
Cutting Shears furnished with fcVERY Your name and address on a postal brings M
eve: ' order, large or small. |bUILDING Free Samples and f SAMPLES h
S fflNGL^PATrEßN| , >r^ r ” i ”“’ d e i “ Roafin^ook ’ ITO TEST ' |
hous "or plains 1
ack for prices and samples of Galvanized n . T « 3
ste Fc ?e. | Dept. J Sarannaii, Ga. g
Send No Money
Don’t miss thia chance to cut your tire coot / /}
50% and more. We ahitf at once on ap- II '
proval. These e.re standard, make KfcaX //J
tires, excellent condition, selected by our /j •*
experts—rebuilt by expert workmanship* KKSI \ J [
Can readily be guaranteed for < 000 miles* LAJfJT i I
NOTE:The«e are not sewed togeth- \ . I
er tires—known as double treads. I
80x3 .$5.50.41.60 31x4 .$ 8.75.42.60KgfS 11
30x3X. 6.50.. 1.75 34x414. 10.00.. 3.00/Sg< 'I
31x314. 6.75.. 1.85 35:;4>4. 11.00.. 3.lsb?*?> |
32x354 . 7.00.. 2.00 36x444. 11.50.. 3.4OKW> ,|
31x4 . 8.00.. 2.25 35x5 . 12.50.. 3.50 I
32x4 . 8.25.. 2.40 36x5 12.75., 3.65 MSS> 11
33x4 . 8.50.. 2.50 37x5 . 12.75.. 3.75 VwS,
VyPiTf Remember, we guarantee
nnilk perfect satisfaction. Pay only\ \ ’
on arrival. Examine and judge for your- \\ k
self. If not satisfied—send them back \\
our expense. V/e will refund your moneyV*
without question. Be sure to state size \
Wanted—Clincher, S. S., Non-Skid, Plain. '
CLEVELAND TIRE AND RUBBER CO.
31 On Michigan Avenue Chicago. HL
GENUINE
lA® C SVSLLE
BEST '
BUGGY
MADE!
Direct from largest and
best buggy factory in Ki
South to you at lowest lyS j|
wholesale cost. The only
buggy warranted on any
road under anv load. We voajLffiTL
tave you big money. WwTyßh
“I have a buggy bought cf
you 19 or 20 years ago. It has
been in pretty constant use ' EsAmV
all this time and the last three 1
years I have used it on a mail fit* — 'v
route. 1 J H MULLIS, SR.,
Cochran. Georgia. Ing A
Write fob tree catalog of I
Buggies and Harness w / I /
BUGGY CO. / /
Box 200 / II
BARNESVILLE, GA. FJ II
ZWW'WOW '■ ll minimi 4BT W
SEND Z- CATALOG
RIFLES, REVOLVERS. FISHING
TACKLE AND SPORTING GOODS
INCORPORATEb
F 313 w.Market. LOUISVILLEKY
PEACH & APPLE
AT BARGAIN prices
II Ir&KLfeJD TO PLANTERS
Small or Large Lots bv Express. Freight or ParcU Pon.
Pear. Plum. Cherry, Berries, Crapes. Nuts Shade and
Ornamental Trees, Vines and Shrubs Catalog bREE
TENN. NURSERY CO.. CLEVELAND. TENN
lj
Don’t misa thia chance to cut your
tire cost in half. Our standard make
Rebuilt Tires in excellent condition 1
selected by our experts are guaran- Ikr® I
teed for 6,00»mil :s or more. We |
ship at once on approval. Don’t jOCjk wWgB ,
send any money. Just your name Wwfel
brings tires. NOTE. These are
not two tires sewed together. BK
Prices Smashed i
Size Tires Tubes Size 'fires Tubes [ IHI
28x3 $ 5.85 $1.50 34x4 $10.90 $2.85 1 feSg I
30x3 645 1.70 33x4H 11.25 2.95 IXXT fegfc
30x344 6.95 1,95 34x414 11.50 3.10
32x314 7.86 2.16 .35x4)4 12.95 3.26 g®
31x4 8.95 2.45 36x4)4 13.25 3.35 fcffi
32x4 9.95 2.65 35x5 13.45 3.45 IXXI
83x4 10.45 2.75 37x5 13.65 3.65
sews Rio m
Just your namo nud size of tires VJe/ I
wanted. No money in advance. >
Pay only on arrival. Examine and
judge for yourself. If not satiflfied
return them at our expense and your
money refunded.
MITC»4ELL TiRE & RUBBER CO.
115 East 33th Street Dept. 257 Chlcege, I**.