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6
M NEWS AND VIEWS FOR THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER
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Wrappers
Write for our Free Book which gives complete
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Also our book, "Fur Facts,” a combination trap
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Two Valuable Books Free. Write to
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116 Abraham Bldg, St, Louis, Mo.
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Every machine expertly rebuilt,
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866 Hayutln Bldg., Denver,
Genuine Song-o-phone cornet, solid metal, higli’y
polished. Anyone can play it. Given for selling 25
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92 Branch Houses in the United States
THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL.
Joseph A. McCord, of U. S. -
R eserv eßank, Stresses Need
Os Financing Crop Exports
BY GAEL TAYLOR
(Staff Correspondent of The Journal)
MACON, Ga., Dec. B.—Hearty sup
port of the several finance corpora
tions being formed under the Edge
act to finance crops for export, was
urged here today by Joseph A. Mc-
Cord, chairman of the board of the
Atlanta Federal Reserve bank, in his
address before the annual meeting of
the Tri-State Credit Men’s confer
ence. ~
These corporations, he said, mean
much to the southern farmer, and
should be given the backing of every
class of southern business man. He
declared that such organizations as
the Federal International Banking
company, the American Products Ex
port and Import corporation, and
similar organizations will enable
southern products to be marketed
abroad by establishing credit be
tween the south and European coun
tries, especially the nations of cen
tral Europe. ,
Air McCord further declared that
thev will enable the farmer to secure
enough credit to market his crops in
orderly procession and not be forced
to dump them on the maiket all at
° n "Righ.t' at this particular moment
these corporations mean more to tne
farmers of the south than any out
thin"” said Mr. McCord, and I
cannot urge too strongly the necessity
of their support. All classes of
southern busines men must get be
hind them and help them to Junction
properly, so that prosperity of the
south mav be insured for all times.
Mr. McCord declared that the Fed
eral Reserve bank has always taken
care of the farmers’ notes, and is
doing so now through the member
ba "We now have under discount,”
said Mr. McCord, ‘‘volumes of loans
traceable direct to the farmer. Day
bv day we are taking his note se
cured by warehouse receipts covered
by insurance for cotton, corn, oats,
wheat, peas, peanuts, beans, tobacco,
naval stores, and in fact, nearly all
of the products raised in this dis
trict.”
Mr. McCord sketched the history
of the Federal Reserve system. He
showed that It is the fourth banking
system to be established by the gov
eminent, but the first to be estab
lished in time of peace with the pri
mary object of serving the normal
requirements of the nation’s busi
ness, whereas the others were estab
lished to meet a national emergency.
But yet the present system, as he
showed, was called on to tide the
country over the greatest financial
crisis in history, and did so with
splendid success while carrying the
nation’s business also.
The following excerpts from Mr.
McCord’ss address hold particular
significance for southern farmers:
‘‘The Federal Reserve bank, of
Atlanta, has discounted for its mem
ber banks the merchant’s note, the
manufacturer’s note, the farmer’s
note and the cattle raiser’s note, and
even after the farmer has matured
and gathered his crops, placing his
non-perishable products in ware
house and insurance the same, the
Federal Reserve bank has made
loans thereon up to 80 per cent of
the market value of the product. The
officials of the federal reserve board
and the officials of the Federal Re
serve banks have been criticized and
condemned seriously because it has
been said that they have not loaned
the farmer money. I deny such a
statement. We have always taken
care of the farmer’s note. There
has not been a year in the exist
ence of the Federal Reserve banks
that the farmer’s paper has been re
fused discount. There has not been
a year that his products, after be
ing gathered, have been refused dis
count in the Fedehal Reserve bank,
of Atlanta, when offered by our
member banks. We now have un
der discount volumes of loans trace
able direct to the farmer. Day by
day we are taking his note secured
by warehouse receipts covered by
insurance for cotton, corn, oats,
wheat, peas, peanuts, beans, tobacco,
naval stores, and in fact, nearly all
of the products raised in this dis
trict have been put in warehouses
and accommodations have been grant
ed thereon by the Federal Reserve
bank. Therefore, we are willing to
meet the criticism of any man who
says to the contrary.
‘‘Some one has said, why not issue
currency and loan the money to the
farmer on his cotton, not knowing
that such transactions were already’
in process, and have never 'ceased
from the time the Federal Reserve
banks started until this date. Some
one has said, you have plenty of
currency on hand, why don’t you 3-
lieve the stringency? But when I
tell you that the country is as full
of currency as the country will stand,
you, no doubt, wonder at such a
statement. When I tell you that we
are redeeming currency at our win
dows day by day in larger volumes
than we are putting out day by day,
then you can see that the people
have all of the currency that they
need. But it is not currency they
want. It is credit they want, be
cause they are indebted to mer
chants, manufacturers and bankers
in other districts, expecting to real
ize on the collections for goods sold
by them, which they have not been
able to do, and they are asking ac
commodations, based, it is true, upo,.
good sound principles, but they are
asking for credit and not currency.
Currency they have, but they need
credit to liquidate their obligations
abroad.”
Close of Season Is
Good, Time to Make
Annual Property List
With another season of farm work
fast drawing' to a close, the United
States department of agriculture is
urging that an annual property list
or inventory be made by every farm
er. It is the only means, department
specialists say, whereby farmers may
know accurately their net financial
worth, what progress they are mak
ing from year to year, and how their
investment in farm property is be
ing distributed. Property lists, or in
ventories, made in accordance with a
plan outlined in the office of farm
management, United States depart
ment of agriculture, are not difficult
to make and are of great value to
any farmer who is striving to better
his condition, overcome obstacles to
success and place his business af
fairs on a secure foundation. To
drift along year after year, not know
ing whether toward success or failure,
is not the practice of business men.
Specialists of the department are pre
pared to give complete directions for
making a farm inventory that will
put the farm on a business basis.
Risks Life for Sheep
BARMOUTH, Eng.—While many persons
looked on David Griffith risked his life to
save a sheep. He was lowered by a rope
a distance of 300 feet to a place where the
sheep had remained for five days. He
grasped the animal, and both were hauled
to safety.
AKD SUCCESSFUL FARMING
Andrew K CJovle IW
Facts About Our Soils
The soil is our primary resource,
and probably we know less about
it than any of our fundamental pos
sessions. We buy and sell land ac
cording to our notions of its value,
but not in accordance with the basic
facts which should govern transfers
of this character. Land is worth the
amount of plant food it contains and
the rate at which this plant food
may be made available to growing
crops. In our soil survey of Geor
gia, we find, for instance, that some
of the areas devoted to the cultiva
tion of cotton contain to a depth of
twenty-one inches greatly varying
amounts of nitrogen, phosphoric acid
and potash. The Cecil clay loam, for
instance, was found to contain on
the basis indicated 2,263 pounds of
nitrogen. The Appling coarse sandy
loam was found to contain 758 pounds
of nitrogen. Os phosphoric acid, the
Tifton sandy loam contained 1,315
pounds and the Cecil clay loam 3,255
pounds. The Appling sandy loam
contained 8i,160 pounds of potash
and the Tilton sandy loam 10,908
pounds. Therefore, these different
soils vary greatly in their content of
plant food and its availability. Hence,
each one requires to be analyzed and
tested carefully in order that we
may gain some definite understand
ing as to its basic defects and needs
and the methods which should be
followed to correct the same and
grind the plant food constituents of
the soil’ into proper equilbrium in
so far as the crops to be grown on
the land are concerned.
Soil Facts
Plant Food, Depth 21-Inch Acre Basis.
Total Pounds Per Acre
' Nitro- Phos-
gen. Acid. Potash
Cecil clay 10an2,262 3,255 35,150
Appling coarse sandy
loam 758 1,110 85,160
Orangeburg sandy loam. 1,544 1,983 15,000.
Tifton sandy loam 2,516 1,315 10,90 S
Availability, per eent... 2 1 25
Cotton crop, one bale,
pounds 84 30 49
Tifton sandy loam, lbs. .50 13 ,27
\pply 640-lb. fertilizer,
pounds 28 67 50
Result Five-Year Average
No fertilizer, 973 pounds seed cotton.
With fertilizer, 1,329 pounds seed cotton.
Cost fertilizer, $20.48; profit, $40.32.
Is it not astonishing that we have
given so little thought and attention
to a study of the soils of our state
when this knowledge is essential to
the effective and economical grow
ing of crops? Yet, it will take many
years to complete the soil survey of
Georgia on the basis of appropria
tions received for this work at pres
ent. There are those who question
the desirability of this work, and
if they had their way, would elimi
nate the small fund now made avail
able for studies of this character.
We cannot hope to develop a perma
nent or worth-while type of agricul
ture without an intimate, accurate
knowledge of our soils. This can
only be acquired through the aid ot
prolonged and carefully carried out
chemical research work. It is dif
ficult to see how the state can af
ford to neglect the liberal endow
ment of work of this character. It
would seem that it was of such vast
importance to the advance of the
commonwealth that its liberal sup
port would be regarded as necessary
to the public welfare.
Attention is directed to the fact
that under boll weevil conditions we
must figure on raising one bale of
cotton per acre. Under the most
favorable circumstances, not over
fifty pounds of nitrogen, thirteen
pounds of phosphoric acid and twen
ty-seven pounds of the potash con
tained in the Tifton sandy loam de
scribed on the opposite page could
become available to a crop of cot
ton. Let us supplement this fer
tilizer somewhat on the basis of
the needs of the cotton crop and for
the purpose of supplying the ele
ments in which the soil in question
is shown to be most deficient. What
is the result when no fertilizer was
used? The yield of cotton was 973
pounds; with 840 pounds of fertilizer
supplying twenty-eight pounds of
nitrogen, sixty-seven pounds of phos
phoric acid and fifty pounds of pot
ash, the yield became 1,329 pounds
of seed cotton per acre.». The fer
tilizer used cost $20.48. The profits
tam its use were $10,32 per acre.
.Xpply these results to the cotton
lands of Georgia and see the vast
potentialities which lie ahead in cot
ton raising. When the composition
of the soil is understood and its
deficiency is supplied through the
use of commercial fertilizer on a
basis commensurate with its needs,
the yiel dper acre is greatly in
creased and the cost of growing it
greatly reduced.
This presents all the evidence
needed to demonstrate even to the
most reluctant mind the importance
of providing our people with an in
timate knowledge of the situation
and of giving the rising generation
of boys and girls that character of
instruction that will enable them
to interpret soil /types with skill
and intelligence. Thus alone can we
put our agriculture on a permanent
basis and make the children of fu
ture generations the dominating fac
tors in the situation.
Notes on Saving Seed Corn
It goes without saying that the
ears of seed corn brougha in from
the field should be be
fore they are shelled. In accom
plishing th'is end satisfactorily, it
is good practice to husk all the ears
and lay them out on a table where
the desirable and undesirable quali
ties can be quickly determined. The
unsatisfactory ears can then be
rapidly eliminated and only the
choice ears saved to be shelled and
stored for seed.
There are a few minor points in
the selection of corn which are
probably not always practiced. In
treating corn with carbon bisulphide
remember that lights should not be
used. Smoking should also be
avoided as this material is inflam
mable. It is onlv necessary to use
a small amount for the treatment
of the seed corn which will be used
on the average farm. One-half a
pint is plenty to use for the treat
ment of a barrel or a tin lined box
containing ten bushels. One pound
would be sufficient to thoroughly
fumigate a tight room or a bin ten
feet square. As a rule, it is good
practice to air the corn thoroughly
after it has been fumigated. The
treatment does not need to be kept
up for more than twenty-four hours.
One to two dollars should buy
enough carbon bisulphide to thor
oughly fumigate a sufficient quant
i ity of seed to plant fifty to sixty
acres of land.
; In this connection, it is probably
| wise to call attention to the de
| sirability of selecting ears of corn
| which have developed a long, tight
■ fitting shuck. It is more difficult
for weevils to infest and damage
ears of this type previous to har
vest or immediately thereafter.
Corn naturally tends to produce
suckers. This is a well defined
characteristic. The sucker is of no
benefit and takes away from the
strength of the plant. Therefore,
select ears from stalks that have
developed no suckers in so far as
possible.
Data About Georgia Lands
A. S. Findley, Ohio, writes:
I wish some information in re
gard to your state. What can
you raise and what can one pur
chase land for? Is there plenty
of timber and how is it for rais- ’
ing cattle and hogs? How is the
water and is there plenty of rain
fall?
There is ac good agricultural de
velopment in Georgia as elsewhere
in the United States. Lands are rea
sonable in price in proportion to what
they will produce.
Our winters are mild with consid
erable rainfall, and our summers are
not extremely warm. Os course,
people’s opinion about the weather
will vary materially. One should not
forget that our season of' heat is
much longer than that prevailing in
Ohio, for instance. Our crops are
mostly made, however, by July. Al
most any crop you (Jesire to grow can
be raised successfully in Georgia. Our
principal field crops are cotton, corn,
cowpeas, peanuts, sweet potatoes and
truck crops. A good deal of fruit is
produced in Georgia, especially
peaches and apples. Georgia stands
seventh in hog production, and we
have very good dairy and beef en
terprises as well.
There is a'good deal of timber land,
especially where the timber has been
cut off once and has grown up again.
The price of land varies according to
its convenience to schools, railroads
and churches. Twenty-five dollars
per acre and upward will be the price
of land, depending on whether it is
improved or unimproved. In the
southern part of the state hog-raising
can be engaged in advantageously,
apple growing is adapted to the
northern part and peach production
to middle Georgia. The water in
Georgia is of excellent quality and
the rainfall is abundant and well dis
tributed.
A Good Whitewash for Outbuildings
E. H. M., Tazewell, Ga., writes:
I wish a formula for whitewash
ing barns, ginhouses, mills, etc.
I want one that will not wash
off easily and that will last a
long time.
There are, of course, many white
washes which can be made and used
with considerable satisfaction. Many
of these, as you state, do not last
satisfactorily, especially when used
on the outside of outhouses, barns,
gins and other outbuildings. This
being true, considerable effort has
been made from time -to time to find
a whitewash that would be lasting
and prove satisfactory, through con
siderable periods of time. After a
good deal of experimenting, the fol
lowing mixture was prepared. This
formula has now been used for a
long time. Some people have called
it the government whitewash mix
ture, because it was extensively used
by various federal agencies. In any
event, we know from experience that
;t is one of the most satisfactory
whitewashes:
Slake a half bushel of unslaked
lime with boiling water, keeping it
covered during the process. Strain
it and add a peck of salt dissolved
in warm water, three pou/nds of
ground rice, put in boiling water and
boiled to a thin paste, half a pound
of powdered Spanish whiting and a
pound of clear glue dissolved in warm
water. Mix these well together and
let the mixture stand for several
days. Keep the wash thus prepared
in a keitle or portable furnace and
when used put it on as hot as pos
sible with either painter’s or white
wash brushes.
The 801 l Weevil in North Georgia
W. H. R., Dawsonville, Ga.,
writes: I am sending you some
bugs and ■wish to know if they
are the boll weevil. I found
them in some rotten cotton bolls.
If they are the cotton boll weevil
what kind of cotton will I have
to plant next year to get the
best results?
A careful examination of the bugs
leads us to believe that they are boll
weevils. I regret to have to convey
such unpleasant information to you,
but there seems no escape from that
disagreeable fact. I was surprised
to know that they had invaded your
county and were present in your cot
ton fields in any considerable number.
You should of course destroy the cot
ton stalks by plowing them under as
deeply as possible. This should have
been done earlier in the season as
you could have destroyed many more
of them by following out this plan.
There is a chance to destroy a good
many of them yet. So, turn under
the stalks as soon as possible.
You should endeavor to select an
early-maturing variety of cotton for
your section. This is the best
means of fighting the weevil. I
thought that probably at your eleva
tion the weevil would be injured by
the winter freezes and that he would
find it difficult to establish himself
and maintain his hold on that ac
count.
College No. 1 cotton is a good va
riety for your section of the state.
It was grown with considerable suc
cess last year where the boll weevil
did much damage. It matures ear
lier than other varieties, has a good
staple and yields a fine grade of
seed. Those who. tested it last year
regard it with\a good deal of favor.
I think you should- plant at least an
experimental area of this variety
on your farms. If it does well, you
can save your seed and let your
friends and neighbors have some of
it. By doing this, you will be serv
ing your community to advantage.
’The Fertilizing Value of Velvet
Beans
G. C. 8., Dublin, Ga., writes:
I would like to know the value of
velvet beans for fertilizer. I
would like the analysis both in
the hull and without the hull,
and whether or not the ground
beans will become fully avail
able the first year for fertilizer.
Velvet beans, when ground with
out the hull, contain approximately
3.49 per cent of nitrogen, 1.70 per
cent of potash and 1 per cent of phos
phoric acid. A ton of beans without
the hulls would, therefore, contain
about 70 pounds of nitrogen, 34
pounds of potash and 20 pounds of
phosphoric acid. If the hulls are
ground in with the beans, the per
centage of nitrogen will then be re
duced to 2.64, the per cent of pottish
to increase to 1-72 and the phosphoric
acid reduced to .8. A ton of these
beans and hulls ground together will
contain, therefore, approximately 53
pounds of nitrogen, 16 pounds of
phosphoric acid, and 34.4 pounds of
potash. The only constituent effect
ed to any material extent by grind
ing the hulls with the beans is the
nitrogen. This is not objectionable
if you expect to use them as fertil
izer, because the nitrogen is even
then in proportion to the oth£r con
stituents.
The plant food element contained
in velvet bean meal will become
available for fertilizing purposes the
first year.
Here’s the Difference
Between Cheap Scrubs
And Pure Bred Stock
BY W. J. SHE ELY,
Clemson College
Five dollars’ worth of iron made
into horseshoes sells for $lO, but
made into hair springs for watches
it sells for more than a million dol-
I lars. Feed and roughage converted
into scrub cattle bring only a moder
ate return, but converted into pure
breds, they bring astonishing prices.
Change your feedstuff into pure
breds.
Why put your good feed Into a
scrub that is worth only S4O at a
year old—
When you could put the same feed
into a purebred and sell it for $65?
Why pay $75 for a scrub bull that
is worth less than sso—
you can get a purebred bull
for S2OO that is worth SSOO on twen
ty-five cows?
Why breed scrubs that will kill
out cnly 45 to 48 per cent —
When you can breed purebreds
that will kill out from 52 to 64
per cent?
Why use a scrub bull that sires
a nondescript bunch of measly
calves —
When you can use a purebred bull
that will sire calves of uniform color,
size and conformation that will
please the eye of the buyer, thereby
putting more money in your pocket?
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 11, l»20.
Thirty-Cent Cotton Is
Predicted for South
By Business Authority
That he would not be surprised to
see cotton go back to 30 cents in the
not distant future, was one of the
encouraging statements made Tues
day night by J. H. Tregoe, secretary
of the National Association of Credit
Men, in the course of an address to
the Atlanta Association of Credit
Men at their December meeting held
in the Piedmont hotel grill.
Mr. Tregoe is one of the recog
nized authorities on economic ques-c
tions in the United States. He is
thoroughly informed as to business
conditions in every section of the
country, as well as abroad. His ad
dress consisted of a searching an
alysis of the causes and conditions
underlying American business for
the last five years, which culminat
ed in the sudden deflation comrffShc
ing a few months ago, and of a re
view of the prospect in tne future.
The latter portion of his address
was optimistic in a high degree.
There is nothing ahead to cause un
easiness or discouragement, declared
Mr., Tregoe. but on the contrary the
country will soon be in the midst
of a great era of prosperity and ev
erybody will be looking back over
the present conditions and wonder
ing why -they caused alarm.
With particular reference to cot
ton. Mr. Tregoe said:
“Your cotton of the south—don't
be worried about it. The world must
have it. Europe is crying for it.
There are men with vision and power
who will establish the means of
financing exports to those markets
temporarily unable to buy. I should
be glad to see it go back to 30 cents
a pound, and it would not be at all
surprising to me if it reached that
price in the near future. As to cot
ton, I repeat, do not be alarmed.
Be strong, cheerful and smiling.”
Conditions Analyzed
Analyzing conditions from the out
set of the down to date, Mr.
Tregoe showed that munition profits
reached their peak in 1916; iron,
steel and coal profits reached their,
peak in 1917: mercantile and auto
mobile profits reached their peak
in 1919; profits as a whole, taking a
general average, reached their peak
in 1917.
He showed that the corporations
of the country, of all kinds, in the
years 1917, 1918 and 1919, made ag
gregate profits of 30 billion dollars, a
staggering sum, and of this amount
they set aside nine billions in capital
investments. The mistake that was
made, he said was m putting too
much of the nine billions into fixed
assets and too little into liquid as
sets, with the result that was
used for capital, and consequently
there ensued an enormous inflation
of credit and currency.
The armistice, Mr. Tregoe showed,
caused manufacturers, wholesalers
and jobbers to be uncertain of a
continuance of orders, and they
cleaned their shelves and made no
but instead of a slack
ening of orders they received an
overwhelming flood of orders and
went into the markets and bought,
bought, bought, wherever they could
find the goods, at whatever prices
they had to pay, and everything wen*
skyward.
Then followed, he said, a “terrific
orgy of extravagant spending,” with
everybody obsessed by the dollar:
the producers creating a panic of
buying among the wholesalers and
jobbers; the latter creating a panic
of buying among the retailers; the
latter urging the consumers on and
cn to buy at high prices.
“The process of deflation had to
come,” said Mr. Tregoe. “It ought
to have come gradually. If inter
est rates had been advanced a year
earlier by the federal reserve board,
it might have come gradually. But
the American people have a peculiar
temperament. They plunge into ev
erything with such impetuosity.
They do nothing by slow degrees.
So when a New York department
store announced a huge cut rate sale,
the house of cards began to tumble.”
The Country Is Sound
Then followed what Mr. Tregoe
described as “ a perfect nightmare
of cancellations, in which the busi
ness conscience seemed to be gone
by the board,” and the business
of the country is emerging now from
that fever and coming back to nor
mal. In this connection he said it
was the duty of credit men to exert
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themselves to establish morals in
business, for all business, he said, is
“founded on good morals.”
As to the future, Mr. Tregoe said
the country was sound.
“Our profits in three years,” he
said, “have been three times as great
as our cost of participation in the
war. The buying power of the coun
try is as great as it ever was—
far greater, in fact- Temporarily,
the buying power is in a state of
suspense. But presently it will be
gin moving, and the selling power
will begin moving, and the whole
machinery of business will move for
ward again, normally and smoothly.”
* The address was one of the most
inspiring. Mr. Tregoe has ever de
livered to the credit men of Atlanta,
and was given a great ovation. An
other feature of the meeting was
an address by Charles J. Haden, the
well-known Atlanta lawyer and busi
ness man, on the subject of “Cotton
and Credits,” in which he showed
that an adequate system of financ
ing cotton will make the south the
richest country on the face of the
globe./
The' meeting was largely attended
and enthusiastic throughout. Among
the visitors present were Clarence
Braden, vice president of the Louis
ville Credit Men’s association; C. J.
Beane, a prominent credit man of
Montgomery; W. S. Jones, president
of the Richmond association.
After the meeting a large delega
tion of Atlanta credit men left for
Macon to attend the trl-state con
ference in session there Wednesday.
U. S. Department Tests
Many Samples of Sod
During the year ending June 30,
1920, the United States department
of agriculture tested 29,639 samples
of seeds for farmers preliminary to
planting. Os these, 16,442 were test
ed in Washington and 13,196 at the
five branches. Under the seed im
portation act 69,000,000 pounds *of
seed were permitted entry during
the fiscal year, which was more than
the total for the previous three years.
Nearly 5,000,000 pounds were held at
port, more than half of which was
reclaimed and the balance ordered
destroyed or exported. Red clover
and alfalfa, crimson clover, rape
seed, and alsike were among the
leading seeds imported.
Cheaper Clothing in Egypt
CAIRO, Egypt.—Owing to the continued
cheapness of cotton the econpinic situation
is weakening, the lack of demand causing
a reduction in clothing of as much as 20
per cent.
Never Too Late to Wed
GRIMSB, Eng.—Both aged 80, Mrs. Els
ham and William Wilkins, widow and wid
ower, were married. They found they, liked
each other’s company, lienee the wedding.
City of Beggars
BOMBAY, India.- —There are 5,000 proses
sional beggars in Bombay. A committee
which investigated conditions recommended
the introduction of an act to prevent pro
fessional beggary.
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