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grees.
The Atlanta Georgian
AND NEWS
SPOT COTTJ!'.
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VOL. VI. NO. 290.
ATLANTA, GA., THURSDAY, JULY 9,1908.
PPTflC*. * n Atlanta..TWO CKN'TH.
L JUL/CjJ od Trains..FIVE CENTS.
DEMOCRACrS FLAG-BEARER
WILL BE CHOSEN THURSDA Y
am in tuner m
II WIIIIIII!
\
How Our Convict System Advertises
Georgia to the World
The following 1 article by Charles Edward Russell is reprint
ed from Everybody’s Magazine for June with the permission of
its publishers.
Everybody’s is one of the most widely circulated magazines
in the world, going to every corner of the earth—and The Geor
gian reproduces the article in - our series of exposures of Georgia’s
convict system, not only because the horrible story told by so re
liable a writer is deserving of our immediate attention, but also in
order that our own people may see Georgia ns others see her.
Nobody is more ashamed of these facts than The Georgian,
but we print them in the belief that publicity is our only remedy.
A BURGLAR IN THE MAKING
IDITOH'S NOTE. ••This terrlble story of lilt Is a Georgia convicts' camp wes related to Mr. Hassell bye
one-time criminal, tow a mat reformed and regenerated. For apparent reasons, the man's Identity mast be
carefully gaarded here: bat all the essentials of the narrative are eaactly as recited. Many ot them Mr. Has*
sell has been able tn verity Irom his own observations: the ethers can be accepted upon tallh. They reveal
clearly the shamelel system by which the State of Georgia surrenders lor profits the solemn duty el correcting
her wrong-doers, and thereby Insures day alter day the perpetuation ot evils that result in the Murder ol
souls and the making ot hardened and desperate criminals. There Is a broader application of the momentous
lesson ot these tacts than to the State of Georgia. In a way that you have never suspected, but Is here made
plain, the convicts' camp In Georgia Is but a symbol or type ot conditions enisling In every part of United States.
TO THE GEORGIAN Bf
BILL HI
TO CUT
“There Is No Authority
Higher Than Us,” Says
Turner.
He had stolen the 8300,' there was no
doubt about Jhat, and now hp eat In the
.Aflihffr^t^ffTroom and listened while
hi* lawyer pleaded in hls-bahalLurglng
his youth and Inexperience and pre
vious good record, since there was so
little else to urge, and trying to break
or mitigate In some way the force of
the cold, pitiless. Indubitable testimony
that had bound chains upon him while
he eat there.
Young he was, true enough; his look
still Ingenuous, his face fair and fresh
and boyish. You could well understand
that, ns the lawyer said, droning on In.
terminably and hopelessly, his ante
cedents and training had been good; he
Mas no familiar and hardened criminal.
But he had stolen the 8800; and In a
place of trust. His employer's cash
drawer had been In his change, he had
become fAscIn&ted with that devil’s owi
game that Is called playing the races
he had stolen again and again, with
open eyes he had broken the law*, now
upon his head were to fall the conse
quences.
At last the droning lawyers ceased to
drone; the Judge charged briefly and In
curt, keen sentences, each a slash at
the young man’s frail hopes; the Jury
retired. The young man sat there very
pale, his dry lips apart, his pulses
beating visibly In his neck, his Angers
fumbling Incessantly on his hat brim.
He had not long to wait—the Jurors’
retirement was merely for form’s sake;
they gave the expected verdict, and the
young man stood there, shivering, to
take his sentence. Four years.
With obvious hopelessness the lawyer
made the usual dilatory motions. T
appeared that the young man was with
out friends or funds, his parents were
dead, the court had been obliged to ap
point counsel for his defense, there was
for him ho stay, no appeal, no arrest of
Judgment. The sheriff’s officer put his
band upon the young man’s shoulder
and led him gently away. He walked
like one In a dream.
That afternoon they started for the
firm, near Mtlledgevllle. that the state
< t Georgia provides for the reception of
ts convicted law-breakers, for It has
•io penitentiary nor prison. The next
day shaved and shorn and clothed In
the stripes that are the badge of the
convicted wrong-doer, he found himself
•landing In a long line of other
similarly clad, black men end white
men. placed on exhibition, while an
asrent for the contractors passed along
arid appraised their muscles and esti
mated their worth.
He was making selections, thla man,
for the forces to be drafted to a con
victs* camp, where the contractor
should have his will of them. For the
stf te of Georgia, having no penlten-
tUr y nor prison nor other means of
taring for Its offenders, practices upon
them a very strange device. It sells
[hem for the. terms of their sentences
mtn the hands of private and Irre
sponsible persons, and It was for these
Persons that the man was now going up
and down the line, selecting the likeliest
and choicest. Fifty years before, on
another spot near at hand, another man
had gone similarly up and down an-
Jther line, making similar selections
*°r service. But ihe service of fifty
J’*ars ago had been called slavery, and
the service of this day was called con
tract labor, and with this difference of
harnea a great and splendid state had
managed In some way to salve Its con
science.
A Burglar Eager to Reform.
But the man did not choose George,
tne new-made thief from Atlanta; not
wo* 0, who wa * th,n and "eak and
hoA n: 1,01 George, whom the doctor
naq < ertlffed to have a valvular disease
th« e . heart: therefore he went back to
Plain, rough sleeping quarters and
iG . Plain, simple duties of the farm. He
poor In quality and scanty
."quantity, but he lived and not being
««!T ,tn#d nor *ullen. he reflected at
LVTupon the huge folly that had
1,1 m t0 this situation and the
toiV# bio fact that he had wrought his
•auforuuM upon himself. He reflected
\ • E
upon these things and had no disposi
tion to complain othts L lot;, hut he did
wish, with a yearning'that was at flrst
a wholly novel sensation and gradually
a' passfffn. that' fir some
way he could obliterate the past and
forget It.
In the Jail bark In Atlanta some kind
of missionary or chaplain or Salvation
Army worker, he knew not what, had
talked with him and told him that, with
his youth and his capabilities, he had
every chance to reform his life and re
deem his errors and recover the world's
respect. At the time he had pushed
aside the suggestion, because In his
misery and chill terror It had been but
as a senseless drumming In his ears;
but now he recalled It, and it bo«*nn to
form some vague sense of hope or
promise In his heart. Perhaps he could
stnrt over again. The man In the next
cell at Atlanta had told him that he
would always be a criminal; that, once
a man got down, the world was leagued
to keep him down; that police and
courts and law would hedge him In and
compel him to add crime upon crime.
He had cared little then, because some
how a vague Idea of being an outcast
and defying everybody rather appealed
to him so long ns the man talked, and
seemed romantic, and like the brave
spirits he had admired In books he had
read and plays he had seen; but out
here at the convict fnrm the thing
looked very different. He saw day by
day drift by him the battered old hulks
of professional criminals, and the sight
Inevitably revolted him and shook the
spirit of bravado. He did not wont to
end like these tr.«*n, and after awhile he
made up his mind that when he got out
he would try the missionary's advice.
He lad still a chance. In the world And
then one day an older man. and one
whose business was to say to him any
thing else from able in words rather
than this, came to him, leering, and
said:
“You’re Big Bill’s pal. ain’t you?
You're In the bank-sneak line, ain't
you?
George said:
“I never heard of Big Bill, and I’m
not in any line.”
Aw, go on." said the man, “don’t
give me none of that. Think I ain’t
fly? I seen you pinched many’s the
time. Think you can fool anybody
here? I guess not. You'je smooth all
r!?Ht enough, but you needn’t play them
games here: we're on to you."
A few days later the same man came
upon George sitting with his head in his
hands, thinking.
“Framin’ up a yeggman s Job? asKed
the man.
In the Power of Crook Makers.
I was* thinking what I can do to
keep straight when I gel out of here.”
said George. •
The man croaked with evil laughter.
Keep straight! You won’t keep
straight. Do you suppose anybody ever
came In here and kept straight after
wards? You're a crook now. If you
never were before, and a crook you’ll
stay till the end of your days. There
ain't power enough In all this country
to make you anything else.”
George could write, and very many
of his fellow prisoners could not, for
39.10 per cent of the convicts In
Georgia are Illiterate (the state
apparently preferring chaingangs to
schools), so he fell Into the way of
writing letters home for the others.
They told him what they wanted to
say and he said It. He had no idea
what became of these letters, and If
never occurred to him that he was In
any way responsible for the sentiments
that he transcribed at dictation. One
dav he wrote for a prisoner a letter
wherein some complaint was made
about the food and other matters at
the farm, not necessary* to go Into here.
The next day a prison officer, holding
In his hand this letter, stalked angrily
“You wrote that, didn't you?" he said.
The Georgia prison commission on
Wednesday refused point blank to an
swer requests for Information submit
ted verbally by representatives of The
Georgian. Chairman Joo Sid Turner, In
the presence and with the Implied ap
proval of Commissioners Tom Eason
and C. A. Evans, steadily blocked every
effort of this paper to obtain facts dur
ing the Interview, stating that the com
mission would require all such requests
In writing In formal manner, and fur
thermore, he laid down the principle
that citizens of the state who pay taxes
to support the prison commission had
no right to request access to the books
and records of the office.
Mr. F. L. Seely, publisher of The
Georgian, accompanied by a reporter,
had called at the office of the prison
commission In the capitol to verify
disprove by the records cer
tains allegations of cruelty
convict camps. He opened the Inter
view with a request for a report oh a
matter he had submitted the previous
afternoon, and Chairman - Turner In
formed him that the commission had
report or any information whatever on
the subject, altho the matter Involved
the alleged death of a convict under
peculiar circumstances.
“The commission has no record of a
convict dying on the date mentioned in
the camp in question." declared Mr.
Turner.
This
could be obtained,
that relative* ot tfrr ronrlrt tn question
had reported to The Georgian that he
hud died on a certain date In a certain
camp as the result of either a beating
or overw ork.
“Judge Turner,” Mr. Seely then said,
“will the commission give me a permit
to visit the catnps where convicts are
worked by lessees or contractors?”
“You will have to submit the request
In writing, and state the purpose for
which you wish to visit the camp,” the
chairman replied. “In view of tne at
titude The Georgian has assumed In
this matter, the commission has de
cided thnt all requests from you must
be formal. In waiting, and the commis
sion will then pass upon them.”
“Tell the commission what you want
to do In the camps," Commissioner
Evans suggested.
"The legislature Inspects those
camps, Mr. Seely,’ exclaimed Commis
sioner Enson.
Evidently It did not occur to the com
missioners that their attitude would
suggest to the public mind that they
were blocking a free and fair Investi
gation of the grave charges that have
from time to time been publicly made
ngninst .their administration, such as
the charge that their chief warden and
deputy wardens had been paid money
by contractors and brokers to look after
other Interests than of the state which
employed them
“Do I understand you to take the po
sition that I am making an Improper
request?” Mr. Seely then asked Chair
man Turner.
The chairman evaded the question by
stating that citizens generally would
not have the right to permits for vis
iting the camps. After several plain
questions along the same line had been
asked by Mr. Seely, In order to make
clear his position as a citizen and tax
payer seeking access to the records
and to the camps for a personal tnspec.
tlon, all of which the chairman met
with the same evasive answers, or with
HE BROKER
Convict System To Be
Cleared of “Mid
dle Man.”
At an adjourned meeting of the pen
itentiary committees of the house and
senate Thursday afternoon a bill pro
viding for a new system of leasing state
convicts, the principal feature being the
elimination of the convict broker, will
be presented by the sub-committee ap
pointed to draft the bill.
8enator Brock, chairman of the Joint
committee, outlined the proposed bill
at the committee meeting Wednesday
afternoon. On the table before him lay
the latest Issue of The Georgian, bear
ing the headline, “Shall the Convict
Broker Bo Perpetuated?" and nearly
every member In the room had read the
article with Interest. When Senator
Brock stated that the bill had a clause
providing that convicts be leased by
the prison commission direct to the
contractors who would use them, elim
inating the middle man, there was a
hum of Interest In the committee, room.
.”$ne,of the provisions*of thisf blit,”
all the Infartafttloa' Ttf&t Mid‘Barter. Brock "prepo.o,. to cut
lined. In eplte of the fact , c ,? n ^ e * broker.
— - The btll hee heen drafted by Mr.
Jonee, of Meriwether, one of tho sub
committee, with the aenletance of
Chairman Holder, of the houee commit
tee; Chairman Brock, of the senate
committee, and othera of the aub-com-
inlttee named for that purpose. Sen
ator Brock stated Wednesday afternoon
that the bill still lacked the finishing
touches, but outlined Ita principal pro
visions as follows:
Provisions of Bill.
All women to be tnken from the mle.
demeanor camps and sent to the state
farm at Mllledgcvllle, In the discretion
of the trial Judges.
Counties to have flrat call upon serv
ices of their convicts. Thoae not need,
ed for public work In counties to be
leased by the prison commission a, for
merly. the counties to receive pro rata
share of returns.
To eliminate the convict broker, by
providing that the commission lease
convicts ‘only to contractors who will
actually use them, and prohibiting the
re-leasing or sub-leasing by any les
see. In case any lessee can not use
convicts secured by him. he must re
turn them to the prison commission to
he leased to some other parties, and
If any loss la suffered by a lower bid,
the flrst lessee la to be responsible for
the difference, protecting the state
against loss.
To correct abuses found upon In
vestlgatlon by prohibiting state em
ployees from receiving any pay or val
uabte gift from lessees of convicts. The
bill will make thla a misdemeanor. It
proposes to Increase the pay of guards
from the present 125 to not more than
140 a month.
The bill will set a minimum price at
which convicts may be leased. This
will be flxed later, as the eub-commlt-
lee did not feel competent, as yet,
NOMINEE OF POPULISTS
Officials Were in No
Hurry to Start
Convention.
HON. THOMAS E. WATSON.
He delivered address before Georgia Populist convention Thursday
morning and will accept nomination Thursday night.
Continued on Page Five.
ing. Mr. Seely askt
“Is there any authority to which I
can ao for this permit?”
“There is no authority higher than
the commission,” stated the chairman,
“You refuse, then, to accept verbal
requests and written memoranda on
the subject of Information I am after?”
Mr. Seely asked
“We do," said the chairman. "We
want it In writing, formally.”
"Then I will submit It thru my at
torneys," said Mr. Seely. "I will be
Just as formal as you are.”
"Very well,” the chairman replied.
Whereupon Mr. Seely and the re
porter withdrew*. *
This statement of the Interview Is
published to show the public the diffi
culties under which any Investigation
of the convict lease system must be
prosecuted. Instead of offering all as
sistance In Its power to throw publicity
on the system that a member of the
legislature has said "smells to heaven,”
the state’s commission seems disposed
to throw every obstacle In the way of
those who would bring the conditions
to light.
WHAT LEGISLATURE §
DID ON THURSDAY |
OQ<X>OO0OOOOOOOOOOOOO09OOO«
The senate opened at 10 o’clock.
Reconsidered action on bill of Sena
tor Been.
Spent nearly two hours dlacuaalng
Whaley’s new county bill.
Adjourned until Friday at 10 o'clock.
The house met at 9 o'clock.
Argument on Western and Atlantic
bill continued.
Several local bills Introduced.
Adjourned at 1 o'clock to 9 o'clock
Friday morning.
POPULISTS HISS BRYAN
AND CHEER ROOSEVELT
UNDER WATSON’S SPELL
State Convention
Hears Leader of
the Party.
In spite of a heavy rain that threat
ened all kinds of serious complications
for the many decorations that made
attractive the big Ponce DeLeon skat
ing rink, the Populist state convention
convened Thursday In the midst of a
heavy thunder storm and much enthu
siasm.
Either owing to the storm or for some
other reason, the convention, which w*as
billed for opening at 10 o'clock, was
almost an hour late. This was princi
pally due to the absence of Hon. Thom
as E. Watson, Georglnn and Populist
candidate for president. No one seemed
to know’ or be able to give any expla
nation of his absence.
Apparently this 1s quite as much of j/h
a one-man convention as the Denver,
gathering promises to be, or as the j
Chicago convention proved to be. At
any rate, none of the Populists present
cared to assume the Initiative and call
the big assemblage together.
During the wait, trolley cars loaded
with delegates and admiring friends of
the "Man from McDuffie" continued to
unload their burdens. From the trolley
to the big amphitheater proved to be a
dash thru the rain. But every one
came up the long flight of steps smiling
and there was not the least semblance
of Jealousy or bitterness on their faces,
such as has characterised so many oth
er political gatherings.
In spite of the downpour, the great
hall filled rapidly. There were many
ladles fn the audience and while breezes
swept across the assembled guests the
closing of the sides on account
rain left the place warm.
Judge what the value of labor would be
by the time the law goes Into effect
next March.
The committee will meet Thursday
afternoon nt 4:30 o’clock to discuss the
adoption of the bill as drafted.
At the Wednesday meeting Governor
W. J. Northen appeared to speak In be
half of a better system of caring for the
convicts, dwelling upon the abuses of
the present "school for crime," os he
termed the present system. W. 8.
Wltham spoke briefly for the new Ju
venile separation system, as did Craw
ford Jackson.
Georgia Refuses
To Indorse Bryan
DENVER, July 9^-At a caucus of
the Getggla delegation at 9 o’clock this
morning, Thomas W. Loyless, delegate
from the state at large, offered a reso
lution that since the nomination of Wil
liam J. Bryan seemd Inevitable, he hav
ing more than the two-thirds necessary
for a choice, the 282 votes of Georgia be
caat for the Nebraskan. The resolu
tion was tabled by a vote of 22 to 4.
Those voting for Bryan were Loy
less, Hill, Johnson and Little.
Georgia Vote Stands—For Gray 21,
Bryan 4, Johnson 1.
CQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOGOQOOCH90
a O Mr. Watson Arrives.
O For More Denver Nows, see Pages Oi Much, has been said In the news-
0 3,4 and 14. 91 papers of the 25-mlnute burst of en-
O 0|thuslasm for Roosevelt and 88-minute
P0W99WWW999W9W9 buret fur Bryan at Denver—they were
J. E. BODENHAMER.
nothing ns compnred with the acclaim
accorded the "Mnn from McDuffie."
Veterans were there In hundreds and
they led the cheering with the “old
yell" In battalions such as were absent
at Chicago and are not mobilized In
Denver in any such strength as at
Ponce DeLeon.
Beautiful Decorations.
One of the great features of the dec
orations wan the artistic profusion of
flowers supplied by well-known At
lanta gentlewomen. These wlfl be
f the'shipped to Mrs. Watson nt the hand-
i re-j some home of the Watsons. The mag-
suit, many of the gentlemen present nlflcent hunches of blossoms were sup-
removed their coats and In a way the piled the convention by the following
hall resembled the bleachers of a base- prominent ladles
ball game. It wai evident, in spite of
their smiling faces and the pervading
atmosphere of harmony, that they were
here for business.
Crist for Watson.
From time to time cries of "Watson!
Watson!” could be heard even above
the Impromptu concert of the big or
chestrion and the heavy peals of thun
der that shook the hall. As the storm
Increased In severity, the noise of the
falling rain on the roof threatened to
make difficult the hearing of the speak,
ers. Then the arches, dotted with tiny
Incandescent lamps, were extinguished
and a soft twilight spread over the
waiting throng. But tne good spirits
of the crowd never wavered, and the
only cause of Impatience appeared to
be the absence of their leader. There
were several false announcements of
his arrival, which only ended In dis
appointment. There were also calls for
General Cutty.
Finally at 10:50 o'clock the presi
dent^! candidate actually arrived.
Henry 8. Johnson, Miss Nell
O’Donnelly, Mrs. Daniel O. Dougherty,
Mr. and Mrs. James R. Little. Mrs.
Joseph Jacobs, Mrs. Arthur II. Van _ _
Dyke, Mrs. Xytn, McCullough, _ Mrs. j voice and knows how to preside.
‘ had said "Fellow Democrats." when ha
was Interupted by the presentation of
a huge bouquet of roses and then three
By W. G. F. PRICE.
8pecial Correspondent Hears! News
Service.
DENVER, Col., July 9r-After the
storm came the calm.
The cyclone of yesterday was suc
ceeded at this morning’* session Qf tho
Democratic conventlo»~by a refreshing
period of quiet which enabled the dele
gates to recuperate and get ready for
the Anal hurrah which may come to
night, or at the latest, tomorrow.
This morning the program, or at
least thme first part of It, Included the
perfecting of the organization of tho
convention by the adoption of the re
port of the committee on permanent or
ganization which makes Congressman
Clayton, of Alabama, the presiding of
ficer Instead of Bell, of California, and
changes the other convention officials’
status from temporary to that of per
manent officials.
The balance of the nt>dfcran> was
devoted to: th* platform committee.
Wheii the "convention w*as called to
order thnt committee was wrestling
with the antl-InJunctlon plank. If
they succeed In straightening this out
In time the platform will be presented
and the only business ahead of tho
presidential nomination will have been
cleared away.
As the delegates gathered this morn
ing the news quickly spread that Newr
York had Anally decided In caucus to *
cast her seventy-eight votes for Bryan
and the report gained currency that
the names of neither Johnson or Gray
would be submitted to the convention,
and that Bryan's nomination w*ould be
unanimous. : w
The report could be traced to no au
thoritative source, but It Is consid
ered by no means improbable that this
will be done. Delegates came In slow,
i Iy this morning, and the news from the
platform committee was learned. The
officials were In no hurry to open the
; i#oceedIngs. The band played pretty
steadily from 10:30 until Chairman
Bell's gavel fell. This Is a nice band,
and when things look like they are get-
‘ ling dull they start on "Dixie" and "My,
i Maryland," and this Is sure to raise a
! yell.
Chairman Bell presented Permanent
I Chairman Clayton amid wild cheers,
f Chairman Clayton was presented
. with a big bouquet of roses by several
little girls, wrapped In flags, who kiss
ed him. Mr Clayton then spoke,
i After waiting five minutes the chalr-
; man got the sergeant-at-arms busy,
' and while they were clearing the aisles
; and Inducing the delegates to be seated,
• ho went Into u little conference with
j some of what the Tammany men call
i the "high brows" on the speaker's
stand.
He finished at 11:30 and then started
i in to get order In earnest and got It so
, quick that It was startling.
Senator McCreary, of Kentucky, was
recognized and presented the report of
the credentials committee naming H.
B. Clayton, of Alabama, as permanent
chairman and making the temporary
officers permanent. \
Retiring Chairman Bell thanked the
convention, the sub-committee of the
national committee and the national
committee for choosing him as tempor
ary chairman und the convention es
pecially /or Its courtesy, earnestness
and attention. Ills selection, he de
clared, was a compliment to the Pa
cific coast. He was given an ovation
which well attested the apparent fact
that the young Californian had w*on the
good will of the convention. Mr. Bell
took this honor coolly. For the last
time he called out:
"The convention will come to order.”
Then he named Senators McCreary,
of Kentucky: Nixon, of New* York, and
Baker, of California, a committee of
three to escort Permanent Chairman
Clayton to the stand, which duty they
performed with due skill and dignity.
When Judge Clayton was presented
there was a wild yell for the popular
Alabaman, led by his fellow* statesmen.
Clayton has a fine presence, a good
Fmnk C. Davis, Mrs. William A. Speer.
Mrs. Benjamin M. Blackburn.
J. J. Holloway, chairman of the state
executive committee, called the con
vention to order at 11 o’clock. Intro
ducing Rev. Dr. John E. White. This
well-known -Atlanta divine Invoked the
blessing of the Almighty and then It
was that In a most eloquent and short
address that well-known orator, Fred
Wlmberlee, introduced the man for
whom the crowd had waited. 1
Again the cheering that refused to
be quieted.
Thomas E. Watson, Populist candi
date for president, was at his best. Ir.
spltd of the roar of the rain on the
metal roof, his piercing voice carried
throughout the great nudltorluir and
each and every one present accorded
him the attention such as Is accorded
to but few speakers.
Interesperslng his address with nar
ratives, bursts of eloquencer. and all of
Continued on Pago Three,
beautiful little girls, dresed In rod,
white and blue, were stood upon tho
platform beside him. This caught the
crowd and it cheered loudly.
Mr. Clayton knew whet the dele
gates wanted and his flrst utterance:
"This is a Democratic year,’’ started
the crowd going. The fact that Mr.
Clayton read his speech in great part
while It deprived him of some applause ,
did not detract from the close attention
given to the delivery. It Is tn fact one
of the noticeable features of this con
vention that the most remarkable or
der prevailed during the delivery of all
speeches and the proceedings as well.
This may be due to the fact that
every word uttered In an ordinary
platform voice can be plainly heard.
This is In marked contrast to the re
cent Republican convention.
Mr. Clayton's excoriation of Roose
velt and his characterization of Taft
and Roosevelt were applauded. ,