Newspaper Page Text
The Georgian’s Poultry and Live Stock Page
BUFFWWIETYIS
EASY ID BREED
fancier Who Brought First
of Strain to This Country
Gives Some Facts.
It Is now more than eleven years since
I brought into this country the first Orp
ingtons. all fine varieties, says Mr tVal
lace P. Willett, of East Orange. N. J.
I published the "Orpington" for two or
three years and later helped form the
American Orpington club and to boom
the Orpington into notice, in spite of .
some of the criticisms of an Eastern ed>- '
tor at that time, that the Orpington, a !
white leg and flesh fowl, could never sup
plant the "generations back, yellow-leg |
fowl of Massachusetts " As 1 read the i
poultry papers today, after ten years ex- !
ploiting of the Orping’on. 1 feel that they I
have fought a good fight thus far, and I
have by no means finished their course.
I admire the pluck and push of Mr Kel- ,
lerstrass. who. with printers ink mainly.!
has brought the White Orpingtons to the I
front
The Real Breed.
The Black and Buff Orpingtons were I
the real Orpingtons, originated by Wil- ’
Ham Cook. Sr. for best all-around quali :
ties and with me they hold that position >
today His later originations of the Jubi- i
lee and Spangled varieties have not met
with such favor as he anticipated they
would Each year I raise a few of all
varieties, but my main stock Is now
Buffs, which suit my eye and satisfy my
ambition best, and they have proved quite
as hardy as the Barred Plymouth Rocks,
which, in my opinion, are their only
worthy competitors
Having bred all the varieties of Orping
tons during the past ten years, my ex
perience with them has led me first to
discard the Whites, followed by the
Blacks, and to raise only a pen or two of
Diamond .Jubilees and Spangled for fur
ther development 1 now pin my faith to
the Buffs, which grow more in my favor
each year, and I believe I can foresee
that the Buff Orpington will prove the
variety that will outclass all other va
rieties and breeds In the end. I have
little faith in the long continuance of the
boom in White Orpingtons. I note that
my view here expressed appears to have
worked Itself out across the water. A
recent article in the poultry press says:
"The Orpingtons (at Paris. Erance.
Poultry Show) far exceeded any other
breed in numbers and the Buffs were in
the lead of any other variety. There
were 293 Orpingtons < Ruffs 112. Blacks
9S. Whites 77. Jubilee or Spangled «>
The Orpingtons had a room all to them
selves and made quite a creditable dis
play " A similar pro rata classification of
Orpingtons in America is not far in the
future
The Buffs are now very easy for breed
ing perfection in the pullets, but the
males still lag behind and "cracker
jacks" for the show's are lacking in quan
tity and bring big prices The breeding
of pure buff color males In any breed is
a question in which lovers of the beauti
ful in poultry are all Interested
Mating to Secure Color.
Unfortunately it does not follow In ex
perience that a pure huff male mated
with a pure buff female will produce
pure buff chicks, especially cockerels. In
most cases there are more or less part
white feathers in wing or tall. Some
other mating seems necessary to secure
best results This new method may be
the "Mendel Law" system, so-called 1
will not attempt here to give the whys
and wherefores of the Mendel system,
but simply its process, which 1 am non'
trying with a few pairs of Buff
Begin by mating a pure buff male with
a few hens that show white feathers, and
if the progeny show' white feathers, dis
card the male, but if they do not show
white feathers keep the male for breed
ing Male also a pure buff female with
a male that shows feathers and discard
the hen If the progeny show white, but
if the progeny show no white feathers
keep the hen for breeding. The tested
male ts then mated to the tested female
and tt Is claimed that the basis for a
flock of pure buff males and females is
thus started I believe, however, that it
may necessitate a number of trials be
fore the required male and female are
found. —Willett In A. I* J.
Rendotte Farm
White Runner Duck
Eggs, $5.00 for 12.
* The best investment
in the poultry indus
try. Every White
Runner duek hatched
and raised will be
worth a ten dollar
note next fall. Be able
to advertise REN
DOTTE STRAIN,
and get results.
Rendotte Farm
P. 0. Box 300 Atlanta, Ga
TWO GEORGIA PRIZE WINNERS
JU iHfll
g ■ .G W
PURE BRED FOWLS THE I
ONLY SORT THAT WILL
PAY IN THE LONG RUN
Since the earliest days of history it ha?
beon the custom for the farmer and his
wife to own a flock of chickens, mongrel
or common stock, just to supply the fam
ily with chickens and eggs to eat and
maybe a few to sell occasionally. But
since the Wonderful revival pf interest
in country life, and indeed a veritable
twentieth century renaissance of* rural oc
cupations, conditions throughout the
country are rapidly changing The pure
bred fowl is gaining favor, and at many
homes in the country where only imxed
chickens were wont to be kept, there may
now be seen a nice flock of standard bred
hfrds, and sometimes two or three varie
ties nicely penned and housed.
With about one hundred varieties to
choose from everybody can surely secure
their preference, hut If one looks nt the
poultry business in a practical way this
choice should be made with a definite pur
pose in view, since the variety that suits
for nne purpose may not be so well adapt
ed to some other. Thus if one has In
mind an egg Industry some variety from
the great Mediterranean class should be
chosen If the production of broilers,
fryers and roasters Is the object in view
then the choice had probablx best be
Strong Colonies in
Apiaries Declared
Essential For Honey
H. F. Coleman, in The Southern Agri
culturalist, gives the following advice
to bee keepers:
"If we would succeed to the fullest
extent in keeping bees we must have
strong colonies at the propet time, or
when the honey flow comes. We can
not control the flow as to time and Its
extent, but by cate and attention we
can have strong colonies at the usual
time of the flow, and be prepared on
our part to reap the maximum results
of the flow, whether It be great or small.
Providence provides the flow, and about
that we need have hut little concern,
hut we must be concerned about the
bees to gat het the flow when it cornea.
In order to have strong colonies stores
are of the greatest consideration A
colony with scanty stores in the early
spring, if not otherwise provided for, is
destined to be a weak colony, if it sur
vives until late in the season, if not I lie
w hole season. To secure large colonies
In the spring the bees should have
stores sufficient to carry them through
the w inter and until the flowers are well
in bloom the following spring, but it is
sometimes difficult to determine the
quantity of stores necessary for that
purpose.
"It Is the experience of all bee keepers
who have given the matter close atten
tion, that some colonies will consume
many more stores In the winter than
others seemingly of the same size, and
It Is the safer plan to examine each and
every colony as soon as the weather
w ill permit in the new years, to see the
conditions of its stores, and to supply
the deficiency. If any deficiency exists.
"In the latitude of Tennessee the bees
begin m raise broods In January, and
this increases the demand on the stores,
and this demand increases as the sea
son advances until the colony has
reached .Its greatest numbers, and we
must not fall to see that the stores are
not exhausted, or curtailed in quantity
to such an extent as to retard the proc
ess <>f brood rearing.
"By the last days of February or the
first days of March it is pretty certain
that some colonies will need additional
stores, and it then becomes a question
as to how they are to be supplied. If we
have combs of honey of the previous
season this Is an easy matter. W.e can
take an empty comb or two from the
hive and supply their places with the
filled combs, and the work for the pres
ent Is done. But we do not always have
j these filled combs, and then we have to
resort to artificial feeding, pure and
I simple and this Is not the trouble that
!it is sometimes thought to be. A syrup
j made of three measures of granulated
sugar to two of water is all the feed
that is necessary in such cases, and
this can be Riven in various ways A
very good and efficient way of giving it
is to put 1t In the empty combs to be
removed and stored away by the bees.
To do this take the empty cbmbs into
the kitchen or some other suitable place
and fill them and return them to the
hive from which the'- were taken By
holding the combs at an angle of 40 or
45 degrees the syrup when-poured on
THE ATLANTA GEORGIAN AND NEWS: SATURDAY. MAY 4. 1912
made from the heavy weight Am’erlcan
breeds. It Is a noteworthy fact that the
large poultry farms of the country are
stocked with pure bred fowls and have. I
proven safe investments, and why should I
farmer folk hesitate to follow when it has I
been demonstrated beyond the shadow of I
a doubt that pure bred fowls are as far ■
ahead of scrubs as the pure bred Jersey |
cow Is ahead of the scrub cow. The -
pleasing appearance of a fine flock of
pure bred chickens is a strong point in i
their favor, all just alike, not a mixture '
of sizes and colors to mar the beauty of
the picture, then the eggs are all of uni- I
form color either pure white or rich ,
dark shelled, which counts a point for
the seller and is pleasing to the buyer.
Buyers, too, are fast getting to the place
where they prefer the crate of broilers
all of the same color.
The person who owns a flock of pure
bred fowls and is willing to go to the
trouble and expense of placing them In
the leading shows and winning some of
the prizes, and then to advertise judi
ciously. will not fall of cutsomers who
want just such high-class stock to raise
from and are perfectly willing to pay a
good price for what they want.
EXPERIENCE SHOWS
THERE’S BIG MONEY
IN RAISING COLTS
I will contribute a little of my expe
rience with brood mares Tjie first team
1 ever owned, nine years ago, was mules
At the suggestion of my landlord I ex
changed the mules for a pair of good
mares and began to raise colts. In the
last eight years I have raised thirteen
colts, some fillies, some horses, but most
of them mules, writes W. Il Cockrell, in
Farm and Ranch.
I sold some of these colts at weaning
time, but have kept most of them until
old enough to work. 1 have sold eleven,
for which 1 received $1,050. and have two
fillies yet. two and three years old. that
are well worth $250. More than this, in
the last six years I have raised and sold
six good cows I never sell a heifer, and
if the calf happens to be a bull I sell it
and buy a heifer, raise It. breed It.
and when it comes in sell It for SSO.
One can scarcely miss the expense Five
years ago (at the suggestion of this same
landlord) I bought 53 acres of land, paying
$65 an acre, and only paying down $6.25.
While this land is not entirely paid out.
yet I am proud to say I can see the end.
We have been improving our home little
by little all the while, and enjoy it more
each year.
I am thankful for the suggestions of
a good landlord ami the help of good b»ood
mares Bet us all remember that life is
just what we make it.
them will run down and fill the cells,
anti when a comb is filled in this way It
is ready to be returned to the hive. A
pan can be used to catch the drippings
from the combs as they are filled and
prevent the smearing of the syrup that
might otherwise occur.
“The feeding of the bees tn this way,
at this season of the year, answers a
two-fold purpose. It supplies the feed
necessary and stimulates brood rearing.
To stimulate brood rearing, with no
other purpose in view, a different plan
of feeding would perhaps be better In
this plan the same kind of syrup is
used, but the mode of giving it to th°
bees is different. It requires but small
quantities of feed to stimulate brood
rearing, but it must be given regularly
at least once every day as long as it is
necessary. In cool weather, such as we
usually have at this season of the year,
the feed should be given to the bees
with as little disturbance as possible.
By putting an empty story on the hive
containing the bees and a story to keep
the warmth In the bees, and cutting a
hole at one corner or in the side of this
cloth, the feed can be placed in this
story and the bees will do the rest. A
small vessel, such as a saucer, is all
that is necessary to feed in this way.
and for this purpose. After the syrup
is put in the vessel a thin cloth should
be put over it so as to allow tlje bees to
take the syrup, and at the same time
keep them from immersing themselves
in it.
"A hive once prepared tn this way
can be used the whole season, or as long
as it is needed, and if the feed is given
as herein directed, it is surprising how
rapidly the bees will increase in num
bers. To feed bees to stimulate brood
rearing at this season of the year, care
should be *aken that the'- are not ex
posed to coo! or damp draughts of ai’
The brood is young and very tender and
is easily chilled and destroyed."
* .... ~ | i
- z * ' - z ~. 1 -i -
Tamworth Hog Bacon.
Breed and Will Not Be
Popular in Corn Belt
An lowa correspondent writes':
"What is the history, origin and the
comparative value of the Tamworth
hog? Are they extensively grown in
< 'anada or England
The Tamworth is.a bacon breed, and
like all hogs of that type is but little
grown or appreciated in the corn belt.
It is more appreciat'd in Canada and
England. but even there is surpassed
in popularity by another bacon breed
-the large Yorkshire.
Not much is known about the origin
of the Tamworth. Some think that it
came to England from Ireland in the
early part of the last century. At any
late, along in the '7o’s, a high-set, long
faced, thin-backed,, long-sided, red hog
was recognized in the central counties
of England as being able to forage well
for itself and to furnish prime sides
of bacon. At about this time in Eng
land the consuming public became dis
satisfied witii the quality of bacon and
demanded a sort with, more lean and
less fat. As a result the Tamworth
increased tn popularity and during the
'Bo‘s much attention was paid to its
breeding and the. type improved great
ly. Several herds were' imported into
the United States and Canada, but the
breed has never spread much in either
of these countries.
The Tamworth is a typical bacon
hog. and as such will probably never
become popular in the coin belt ex
cept on alfalfa and dairy farms. Two
of the strongest arguments in favor of
the Tamworth are the large size of lit
ters and the ability to make large
gains on pasture. Prominent objec
tions are slow maturity, thinness
throughout, and light hams. We think
the Tamworth may find a place in the
corn belt on dairy farms, or where
large dependence is placed on pasture
in making hog gains. It is not likely
that the breed will become popular un
til the packers pay more of a premium
for bacon hogs.
MEAT. EGGS AND BUTTER
WILL GO STILL HIGHER
NEW YORK, May 4.—The next
twelve months will see some new rec
ords in high prices for meats, eggs
and butter, in the belief of H L. Pres
ton. editor of The Produce News. The
cold season has put the hens far be
hind in their work, the expert de
clares. and the supply of butter in
sight is not likely to balance with the
public demand.
The price for potatoes would go to
$8 a barrel, he adds, if it were not for
Irish and Belgian importations The
cabbage crop is . short and cabbages,
'.ike artichokes, are becoming luxuries
Poultry is the one product, he declares,
that has not risen in price by leaps
and bounds
ARTOF BUTTER MAKING
HAS MADE BIG STRIDES
IN PAST FORTY YEARS
The cow takes fat from her back and
puts it in the milk. Man separates the
fat from milk and secures butter. It was
more than 30 centuries ago that he first
learned the secret. Some man was prob
ably- carrying whole milk in si skin on a
v arm day. The motion caused the fat
globules to stick together and so resulted
the first butter. At any rate the ancient
peoples made butter by putting milk in a
skin and pounding nr shaking it. Later
they* shook cream up and down in bot
tles. and finally, discovered the churn
The Hindus were probably the first but
ter makers. But the Greeks. Persians
and Romans all used butter several cen
turies before Christ Curiously, the chief
use of butter in the early days was not
as food, but as ointment and hair dress
ing.
The Scandinavians were the first really
tn develop butter making. A thousand
rears ago they’ w’ere exporting butter to
northern Europe. They knew little about
the science of butter making, but had
learned much by long practice
During the last 40 years we have
learned more about butter making than
was discovered in the preceding 30 cen
turies Microscopes had been invented
and with their aid the science of dairy
bacteriology was established. At the time
of the close of our Civil war a German
learned how to separate cream from milk
by the first crude separator. Fifteen
years ago a Dane and a Swede invented
the first practical centrifugal separator.
At first separators were mostly used in
creameries. But during the last fifteen
HOW TO PACK EGGS
FOR SAFE SHIPPING
AND GOOD HATCHES
It requires considerable skill and
good knowledge of details to pack eggs
for hatching. I have had good results
with baskets. Eggs shipped in boxes are
liable to he roughly handled by the ex
press companies, while baskets will be
handled more carefully. Then. too.
they are much cheaper. Good baskets
can be bought for forty or fifty cents
a dozen, and you can get covers and
labels for a trifle. The best basket for
the purpose is one with a good strong
handle, upright* so as to guard the
package if other matter is laid upon
It. I exercise the same care and fol
low the same rule for packing one set
ting as for one hundred or more eggs,
except as to the size of the basket: I
always have thfl package just large
enough to hold the eggs and the neces
sary packing material. If your order
calls for one hundred or one hundred
and twenty eggs a bushel basket Is
needed. First line the basket with
newspapers, and then put about an inch
of excelsior in the bottom. Now you
are ready for the first layer of eggs.
After wrapping each egg in soft palter
put them in one by one. leaving one
inch spaces to he filled with excelsior
crowded in firmly so as to keep the
eggs from the sides of the basket and
prevent them from shaking. This first
layer of eggs is then covered in the
same manner as the bottom, and all
the other layers packed and covered
likewise, with the exception of the top
layer, which should be thicker and
rounded up so that when the canvas
cover is sewed on and drawn down
tight the eggs can not. shake round in
the basket. Sew the label to the can
vas cover, or if the cover is of paste
board use gummed labels. Print on
vour labels in good-sized type: EGGS
FOR HATCHING. HANDLE WITH
CARE! Use a darning needle and
strong cotton string and sew the can
vas to the rim of the basket, drawing
it down tightly so that the packing will
spring up when pressed with the hand.
A basket about the size of a ten
pound grape basket will hold a setting
of eggs For two settings an eight
quart basket is necessary, and for fifty
eggs a half-bushel basket. Excelsior
for packing the eggs can usually be
procured at alt grocers or furniture
stores. For wrapping the eggs a soft
grade of newspaper Is used. Always
place the small end down in the as
ket. The air cell is in the large end,
and in shipping may be displaced by
rough handling. Thus the egg becomes
addled, which kills the germ. It is also
a gdod plan to instruct the buyer to
unpack and lay the eggs in their nat
ural position for at least twenty-four
hours before setting.
MOTTLED ANCONAS.
First pen (only one entry) at great
Atlanta show, January 8-13. First pen,
first cockerel, first pullet big Chatta
nooga show. First pen. first cockerel,
first pullet Bowling Green. Ky. We have
never failed to win the blue Eggs, $5
per fifteen straight.
COPPERAS FALLS FARM,
Tullahoma. Tonn.
years the separating of milk on the farm
has come more and more into general
practice. Twenty years ago the Scandi
navian peninsula and our own Eastern
states made most of butter of the
world. Today Denmark afid the Scandi
navian peninsula are still producing great
quantities of butter. But in the United
States the center of butter production has
shifted to lowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Min
nesota, Nebraska. Kansas and Missouri —
our great corn belt states. From the corn
belt comes most of the $200,000,000 w’orth
of buter consumed annually by the peo
ple of the United States.
The history’ of butter is interesting, but
of slight value unless it teaches us to
keep our eyes open, fully expecting that
as in the past methods of butter making
changed so in the future they will change.
But of course the change will be a dif
ferent kind of a change. Methods of sep
arating milk will become more and more
perfected. Scientific knowdedge of bac
teria will more and more be applied to
properly ripening cream. Creameries will
necessarily adopt a more and more im
proved type of machinery. They will per
fect their organization. They will get
better transportation facilities. And all
the while the demand for butter will be
increasing. There will be many things
to modify the advance in butter making.
There is oleomargarine and similar but
ter substitutes. Possibly the laboring
man of the United States will in the fu
ture be unable to afford butter. It is in
teresting to speculate.
Kentucky University
To Teach Pupils the
Art of Chick Raising
The Kentucky State university has
announced that poultry breeding will
be added to its curriculum. This will
be a decided feature for a university
of this section to undertake. Cornell
has had a poultry course for years.
The public schools of Memphis are to
add poultry to their course another
season.
The South will soon take its right
ful place as a poultry section with the
educational Institutes and the poultry
associations educating the people how
and Mhat to feed poultry to produce
eggs.
COOP FOR BROODY HENS.
At the Kellerstrass farm we noticed a
swinging coop with slatted bottom, under
a tree, and were told that broods’ hens
were placed in this coop the first night
they were found on the nest. Since the
hens can not sleep comfortably in a coop
with an open bottom, the>' are quickly
broken up.
LET YOUR FOWLS
TAKE THEIR OWN MEDICINE. Most all diseases originate from Impure wa
ter and insanitary premises. BUSCH'S POULTRY TABLETS are scientifi
cally prepared, and their chief function is to destroy germs and organisms in the
fowl's drinking water and to destroy the disease germs In fowls.
BUSCH’S POULTRY TABLETS are guaranteed tn prevent Limberneck, Can
ker. Chicken-Pox. Swelling Head, Cholera. Roup, Gapes, Colds. Bowel Com
plaint. Inflammation. Discharges. Etc.
EASY TO USE. Dissolve a tablet in their drinking water. Satisfaction guar
anteed or the price will be cheerfully refunded. Trice 50c.
THE BUSCH REMEDY COMPANY,
EVANSVILE, IND. Dept. A.
GAYMONT FARM
Box 1711 Atlanta, Ga.
REGISTERED JERSEY CATTLE AND BERKSHIRE PIGS
Eggs for hatching. Dark Cornish fowl, $3.00 and $5.00 per setting: White
Laced Red Cornish. $5.00 per setting: Black Minorca, $3.00 per setting.
White Runner ducks, $5 per setting of twelve.
We can furnish eggs for hatching from mixed breeds for broilers at 50
cents per setting straight or $3.00 per 100 eggs.
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS
DOWN GO THE PRICES ON STOCK AND EGGS!
Fine Males and Females, $3.00. Eggs, $2.00 per 15, $lO per 100.
C. O. HARWELL, Atlanta, Ga.
113 North Pryor Street. Phone 8090
THE PREVENTION
OF HOG CHOLEM
Strict Sanitation and Separa
tion of Sick From Well Es
sential in Checking It.
The germ of hog cholera Is often of
sufficient virulence to cause a fatal
outbreak of cholera in the best cared -
for herd. Good hygienic and sanitary
conditions may, and frequently do, no
doubt, operate to make the animal
more resistant to disease and its at
tack. but should never be depended
upon alone to ward off disease. By
separating the sick and keeping the
premises free from filth, stagnant wa
ter and otherwise in the best possible
condition, the spread of an outbreak
through the herd may be much retard
ed; but the fact should ever be kept
in mind that the germs of disease
should never be allowed to gain a.
foothold on the premises.
Sanitation Essential.
The man most successful in prevent
ing disease in his herd is the one who
takes the utmost pains to exclude dis
ease-producing bacteria and at the
same time observes necessary hygiene
and sanitation. I will give vou my way
of preventing disease in my herd of
hogs. I have never in mv whole ca
reer of swine breeding had a singla
case of hog cholera or other conta
gious disease in my herd. The O. I. C.
hog Is said by some breeders to bet
Immune from cholera. I do not be
lieve that. I breed them and have
bred them for twelve years and have
never lost one. but believe if they coma
in contact with cholera thev will die.
It has been claimed bv a writer in
one of the South's leading agricultural
papers that the Duroc Jersey Is im
mune also. I have a few of them, and
I know they are not. I have never
lost one. However. 1 sold Mr. F. C.
Jones, at Albany. Ga.. eleven head,
shipped all at one time, disinfected
them thoroughly and thev were turned
In on infected premises, and they all
died In one month. So do not be mis
led by any breeder that says- he has ar
breed immune from cholera.
An Ounce of Prevention.
The only successful wav to combat?
and steer clear of cholera is to treat:
vour herd for it all the time, whether
you have it in your county or not.
Do not allow too manv hogs to bed
together. Change bedding every week;
spray al! hog houses, hogs, bedding. etc.,
every week with a good coal tar dis-<
infectant; use plenty of lime in your
houses, lots etc. Keep a mixture of
salt, charcoal, wood, ashes, sulphur and
soda, before them where thev can get
if at will. Do not feed on the ground.
Have a board floor or concrete floor to
feed on Good clean water. Do not
feed anv musty or damaged food, and
never allow anv one else's hog? to bed
with vours. Keep lice killed Lice are
injurious to hogs.
Menace to South.
If the hog cholera is allowed to pro-'
CAfJ In the South as tt has in the past
year, meat wilt onlv be used as des-<
sort or on Sunday In the homes of the
maioritv of Georgia farmers. There is
no necessity for such a high death rate
of hogs in the South. We must pre->
pare forth» hog and keen him clean
and healthy. Take an interest |n the
business and raise enough for Georgia*
We have the hogs, brains and energy,
and let’s put it all to .use and take a
new start and make this the ban.net*
year for Genre-la In the hog business.
WAI TER T. KENNER.
Spring Place. Ga.
STICK TO AN OUTLINED PLAN.
Keen no more stock than can be givert
proper care Make up . your mind what
you had better do, and do it. A pros
pective poultry breeder started out tn get
duck eggs for hatching On the way be
met a friend who advised him to take
geese instead. Not having sufficient pas
ture for geese, and knowing nothing of
their requirements—be lost all he hatched.
Doubtless he would have lost the ducks.
A breeder who is influenced by all his
friends, and has no views of his own, is
never a success. Outline a plan and stick
to it until you have good reason to
change.
MAKE HENS LAY
More eggs. Feed Wonder Egg Pro
ducer and Chick Grower. Makes you
money. Write for trial. Will con
vince you. Enclose 10c. N. L. Webb,
Lamasco, Tex. Box 14.