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I The Poultry and Ove Stock Page 200-EGG HEN YET UN UNCERTAINTY Breeding From the Best Lay ers Doesn’t Always Give the Expected Results. 8v J. B. NORMAN. FOR a period of thirteen years the experiment station at Oro no. Maine, has been carrying on investigations in breeding Barred Plymouth Rock poultry for egg produc tion. The importance of increasing the egg supply has been recognized to some time, and if definite methods of im proving the average egg production of fowls can be discovered it will be of great economic value to farmers and poultry keepers throughout the coun try. Such a consideration as this was the reason for instituting’ the work at the Maine station in 1898. Bulletin No. 192. recently issued, is a somewhat long and technical summary of these investigation.-. In the general summary, the first conclusion deduced is “that mass se lection for high egg production on the basis of the trapnest record of the in dividual alone did not result in a steady continuous improvement in average flock production, even though it was continued for a period of ten yeprs." To the casual reader such a conclu sion would seem to preclude the possi bility of increasing the egg production of flocks -of poultry by systematic breeding. The conditions, however, are quite different in these cases and when right ly understood the results are by no means so discouraging as they at first seem to be. Statistics show that the average an nual production of a fowl on farms in the I’nited States is from 72 to 84 eggs. All thoroughly practical experiments must aim to show that this average can be greatly increased. The .Maine station experiments be gan with fowls which annually laid more than double this number of eggs The practice in breeding was to use as mothers of the stock bred in any year only the hens that laid between November 1 of the year in which they we-e hatched and November 1 of the following year 150 or more eggs. After' the fir st year all male birds used in th“ breeding were the sons of mothers whose production in their first laying yea was 200 eggs or more. Since the normal average annual production of these birds may be taken to have been about 125 eggs, it will he seen that the selection practiced was fairly stringent. It is no matter of surprise, therefore, to learn that not only was there no improvement in average flock produc tion. but that there was actually a slight decline in production during tile selection period. Yet. the results show conclusively that the average egg production pe fowl in the country at large can be in creased. If the .Maine station can raise and maintain poultry flocks capable of laying annually an average of 125 eggs per fowl, with individuals having a laying capacity ranging from 150 to more than 200 eggs a year, and do it without the introduction of new Ijlood. surely the farmer and practical poultry keeper can do the same thing with sys tematic hatching, care and feeding of their flocks. This is the practical les son from these experiments which should not be lost to view, notwith standing the stations failure to in crease still further the egg production of the flocks by breeding from its best layers. In the earlier tests, which sought particularly to deal with the practical side of poultry keeping, it had been noted that the daughters of hens that had produced 200 or more eggs each in. the pullet year did not usually make high egg records and were in fact no better layers on the average than birds from the general flock, and when a new plan of breeding was adopted in the year 1907-08 one of the factors of its working hypothesis was "to discover by means of pedigree analysis tiios individuals of the general flock whies possess high fecundity in inheritable form.” One other practical feature of the Maine station poultry experiments re lates to the subject of inbreeding—that is. the maintenance of the flocks for thirteen years without the introduction of new blood. On this point the con clusion is reached, after a summary of the first ten years’ breeding work, that I •■there is no evidence that the amount of inbreeding practiced during the mass selection experiment had any unfavor able influence on either the egg pro duction or the general vitality of the stock.” It would probably be risky, however, for the owners of small flocks to ado| i this conclusion as a woiking hypoth esis. Tile .Maine station Hoiks alwav contained more than 300 fowls ami usually nearer l.OOii, and this ga\<- op portunity for avoiding close inbreeding which could not be practiced by th ■ u”etage poultry keeper But in tests i determine whether the introduction of n«w blood had any advantages, tie station bulletin states that the f-nia. -• in the’ outc:oss matings which pro duced adult daughteis had the high’, egg production records, and though th gain was not notably la ge, still what advantage did arise was ’in favor of 'he foreign cockerels—that is, of th ’ ■Sroad-breeding side of thi • xpetl- 2nent." Evidently, then. th> advan lages of pew blood in poult y b "edit* fo* pgy production ar undeniable and should be reguia y practiced by farm 1 «•• and keepers ~f sniuij flocks <’io ■, I FTHREE FOWLS OF UNUSUALT/EIYtT I Kami a * ME - ■ m. EOWLS MOULTING EARLY THIS YEM » This Means Big Egg Crop. Flock Needs But One Feed ing a Day in Summer. By J. EVANS SMITH. New Orleans. From the manner in which birds are moulting hereabouts, it is likely they will have passed over this desultory ! process at least two months earlier than last year, when the moulting period dragged through almost the en tire winter. This will mean a greater egg yield for this year, better results ’ for the breeder and more general satis ’ faction all around. It has ever been a practice here, due largely to the prolonged summers, to ' turn the birds out in the Helds June 1 and to let them hustle for a living, bar /ing a night feed. From June j until ■ September 1. the cost of keeping them ' on a farm where they get all the green food and bugs they can devour is small. What eggs they lay din ing these months more than pay for their feed. In the summer the young birds get tn the habit of roosting in the trees, but once they are placed in the breeding pens tlwy take to the roosts for want of , of a perch elsewhere. During the hot summer months the trees are, no doubt, the best place for them. In the trees they are free from mites and other in sects likely to he encountered in a house, and they have the advantage of fresh air and a cool place. It is a question whether birds in this , climate do not get along just as w.ll out in the open, both summer and win ter. If this be the case, it would have the effect of revolutionizing the poultry industry H. H. Stoddard, of Rivieia, Texas, lias been keeping a large flock of White Leghorns on a poultry farm without a house on it, barring only the granary He tells me he gets a good average egg yield both summer and winter. His birds roost on "horses" without anything over their heads, in the winter he arranges a wind-break • behind lhem to keep tin storms froth blowing them off the roosts. Whether such a procedure be feasi ble or not. the fact remains that the farmers of the far South will continue to let their chickens hustle for them selves during the summer months. They are willing to feed them at night, but are glAd to have them away the rest of the time. Often they fail to collect the •eggs mote than once a day during sweltering weather, and in consequence the Southern egg sells for less on the market than does the Northern egg It is in tiie out-of-Ilie-way sections of the South that the cheapest, also the worst, eggs are to be had. In this enlightened age it Is still possible to jump off at some out-of-the-way railroad station on a branch line, hire a buggy and go through the country buying eggs at eight and ten cents a dozen. Some of tlu* eggs will be freshli laid, some will be nest eggs, and most of them dirty eggs. It Is this class of egg that is b> - ing Sthipped North and which is reject ed unless sold below tile regular mar ket quotations. Nowhere does the pmiltl.v and >-gg busim-- offer gi.-aio opport uti it 1 s titan hereabouts. Here chickens can take cate of themselves tear in and vear out in so far as housing is con cerned. ami can a ways find an altun dance of animal am! vegetable food, a big factoi in the problem of feeding. Reliable Poultry Journal CAN THEY STAY WHITE? White Orpington h'.edeis are still arguing vigorously ovet the question of whether or not genuine Maj-white males yan be hi ed. At present the ten denet of Ihe males is tn show a biassv coloring after a moult or two. especial;;, if th'.v have been <xpos -<| to tm % normH ~ and rain. The breedt s believe in time r.iat this failing can be • 1 imill i:oil. In the nn-anlim ■ the W ide 11 > pi ng ton- eon lin He Io be one of Aim tea s most popular fowls. i ' J I At the right, a splendid Orpington pullet owned hv Rhodesville poultry farm. Athens. Al the left, one of the many superb Buff Orpingtons owned by V. A. Ham. formerly of New nan; below, a White Plymouth Kock cockerel which is one of the man} fine birds in the yards ot Bacon 6c Heywood, Giivton. ADVICE TO SHIPPERS AND BUYERS OF EGGS WASHINGTON, D. ('., Aug. 10.—It is a conservative estimate that more than $45.1100,000 is lost in the egg prodming sections annually betaifs? of improper handling. This enormous loss Is due to small eggs, cracked ami brok en eggs, dirty, stale, heated (hatched) and rotten eggs. Just think of the waste this sum means, from the time the m ith‘" hen loses from her business of egg laying in order to hatch and bling up the hens that lay these wasted eggs, to the money that the housewife pays for the bad egg that cannot be used, it is a loss to you. to the fann er, to every one in the egg business, and to the consumer. Will you assist us in our effort to save this loss and to improve the egg that finally gets to market When farmers, peddlers, merchants, etc., come to you with eggs for sale, talk to them about the improvement of the market egg, and enlist their co operation in the* elimination of this great loss. Here are some of the fun damental points to be considered by all egg men, whether producers ship tiers or middlemen: 1. Ilncottrage the production of large eggs This can be accomplished by keeping pun- bred "general purpose" breed- of fowls, hatching only the eggs | that weigh at loot two ounces apiece and from only the most vigorous stock. A higher price lot larije tliau for small eggs will help along tlte argument. ?. infertile eggs do not hatch do not form bl<N*<i lings ami seldom form black j mts. If the male birds ale sold or penned up after June 1 tin flock of, hens will lay mote eggs ami they will be infertile. 3 A .year-round observation of New York egg recei|ts showed that over 12 pel .. m were dirty shelled and sold for a lower price on this account. You should buy these dirty eggs at a lower pt i'e, fol you are p„id less for them. If one rust is provided for each six i hens, in a cool, dark place, kept clean and ve.min free, dirty eggs will be re duced to a minimum. I Moh than 10 per cent of the eggs received m New York during the year ne "Si'eunds." because they are stale. Tell ymtt egg men ilia* gathering eggs every afternoon, ui twice daily in hot ' I or murky weather keeping them in a cool, clean, dry place until marketed, and marketing at least once a week and more frequently in the summer time, yvill reduce the number of stale eggs greatly. Os course, stale eggs are worth less money than fresh eggs, all along the line. 5. Can you convince your trade that eggs from stolen nests and from incu bators are never fit for sale* If the farmer thinks they are good, reliable food urge him to eat them at home. For, since the egg buyer can afford to pay more for large, clean. fresh, whole-shelled eggs, it is good business for the farmer to use small. dirty, cracked eggs at home. fi. Do you know how to candle eggs? If not. learn, and learn quickly! There is no other way by which y ou can de termine the worth of what you ate pay ing for. Having yourself learned how to grade eggs, show the merchants, peddlers and farmers in your neighbor hood, by means of the < indie, «h;g kind of eggs they are bringing to you.’ Farmers are not scamps, not egg buy ers angels. Show the farmer the kind >f eggs you cannot pay for and he will find away to eliminate the bad egg I and to make the good egg eyen better. | 7. When first quality eggs come to your packing house yvb.it means do y ou take to keep them so until they get to market? To build up and keep a good reputation fm your output you must grade carefully and tjinfformly ; j pack in good fillets, flats, and cases, ship quickly and under good conditions. i It you would be classed among up-to date shipper- you must ha y mechan ical ref) igeration that tin < hilling of the. igg may begin the minute you t. reive ft. Candle in a room white the temperature does not go above 55 de grees F. Ship chilled, in a good re frigerator ear, in car lot- If you can-j not chill th< ' ggs befo.. shipping, use a t est Igerator eat. well iced, and ship only the minimum load, that tlte <gg.- | may receive the benefit of tin ice be fore the market is reached. Send this letter, or copies of it to the egg people in your vicinity if it will serve to strengthen yout argument sot In tter egg handling. M. E. PENNINGTON. Ph. D. Approved . JAMES WILSON, Secretary. BLACK UINGSHAN . GROWS POPULAR Fine Old Utility Breed Is Now Coming Back and Taking Its Accustomed Place. B-/ DR. W. M. DRAKE. Comparatively little has appeared in the poultry press of late in regard to the Black Langshan as a utility fowl, though a few years ago no breed stood higher in this particular and they were •conceded to be very close to the head of the list. While with the passing of time other I breeds and varieties have appeared to attract the fancier ami w idle advertis ing on a large scale has boomed and pushed to the front some of these new er breeds, the lordly Langshans have lost none of their good qualities, but possess today tlig- same stilling quali ties that made them popular and a general favorite a few years ago. When in 1907 a pen of Black Lang shans carried off the honors in the Australian laying contest, with an av erage of 249 eggs per hen. the breeders of other varieties read the announce ment with some surprise, but it came as no surprise to those who had bred or were breeding the Dangshans, for the breed Is one that has the laying habit, and has 1t strong. Any one who lias ever bred them will tell you. re gardless of what variety they may now have, that they never had better lay ers than the Langshans. The writer has had pullets begin laying In No vember that kept It up. skipping a day now and then, until they began to moult the next August, without be coming broody They lay a large egg larger in fact than almost every other breed except possibly rhe Minorcas. The color is a rich brown and is quite uniform. Although they are a rather large breed, the standard weights being about the same as for Plymouth Rocks, they stand confinement well and do not seem to require the range that the small breeds do. Look into the pen at almost any time and you will see them • busy This may. account for their re markable laying propensity, even when confined in a small house or yard. They are of such a disposljlon that a foiir-foid fence has never failed to keep them in for me, and while I had all kinds of trouble even with a six-foot fence when keeping other breeds, those troubles were a thing of the past when I took up breeding Langshans, While they are not inveterate setters as are some of the larger varieties, they - nevertheless make most excellent moth ers and usually begin laying again when the chicks are five or six weeks ! old They have some years of breeding back of them, hence breed true to type more readily than some of the newer breeds. While there are almost as many different shades of led and buff and some other colors as there are judges, there Is just one black color, which makes il easier to breed for fancy points. us late years the breed has been I coining Into its own. ils good quail- | ties ale being once more recognized ami it is seen in ever increasing num- I I hers in the show room, Every year Hinds it gaining new friends among I those who wish a firs -class, all-round! fowl. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION. A meeting was held in July in Lon don to complete the organization of th" International Association of Poultry Insi rui'toi s and Investigators. This organization wa- si I in motion four years ago in Amorita and then included only members from the I’nited States and f'anada. Sime then it lias been made genuin, v Internrllional in Its scope and Edward Brown, of Reading England. Europe's foremost authority on poultry, has been named president. Orpingtons. FoR SALE—One pen—seven hens and one cockerel; all raised last year; par ties leaving city. Bell phone Main 5371-.]. Bl ACK ORPINGT(»NS—Cocks. hens cockerels, pullets; summer prices. Hal Kiviere. Kirkwood, Ga 33-s-b FOR SALE KufY orpington pullets piid cockerels. Man>h hatching, at $1 each. B 1 Lea pt rot. Pinehurst. Ga 8-7-22 Black Langshans. BLACK LANGSH.ANS. old and young stock for sale Rose Valley Farm. Box 943. Atlanta. Ga. 8-8-2 - --y ■ Bantams. BANTAMS Came Bantams. Sebright,. Buff Cochins Carlisle Cobb. Athena, G » i-28-3* Wyandottes. GULDEN LACED and Columbian Wyan dottes, S C R. 1 Reds; eggs. $1 and $2 per 15. W D. Bennett. Molena. Ga 12-13-33 Ducks. INI >1 AN RUNNER Dt'i'KP Either pen ciled or fawn and white at $1 each: good ones: lime yet to raise stock; order today Munnimaker Poultry Farm. Normandy, Tenn. S-SS-3 INDIAN Runner Ducks, fawn and whiteE at special bargain this week. 12fi East ave . Kirkwood. 28-8 9 Effgs. WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS. FRo.M extra fine pen of the famous Fish el strain breri-to-lay birds; unexcelled for beauty and vitality; $5 per fifteen. ■Mrs. Ella M. Harrison. College Park -10-74 THOROUGHBRED Buff Orpington eggs. $1 per fifteen. $5 per hundred 121 M’ind sor street. Main 3588. 4-27-25 Pigeons. FOR SALE At a great sacrifice, 500 Car neau pigeons, guaranteed from imported Belgium stock. W. T Graves. Demopolis. ; Ala 8-in <9 TWO pair Maltese hens, one i>air Fjiglis| ( i runts. $lO for lot. Guy Tabler, College | Park. 25-8-H Miscellaneous Poultry. TEN one and two-year-old B. P R. hens, Tompkins .strain, for |7.50. Thirty three to four-months-old B P chickens; fifteen pullets, fifteen cockerels for sls; fourteen four-months-old White Leghorns. Bilt more strain; eight pullets, six cockerels, for $7.50; two one-year-old Black Minorca hens, one cock, four pullets, for $5; one one-year-old registered Berkshire boar for 12 a L , _l’_^ tan *<*y. Dacula. Ga 8-10-2 5.000 EARLY hatched White and Brown .Leghorn pullets, hred for eggs; in num-, hers to suit; also Airedale Terriers. American Poultry Plant. Collins, Ohio FOR SALE Have purchased Northern breeder’s entire flock r. ack Orpingtons. My prices u ill move them rapidly 300 <4(l and young. W. E. Lumley, Tulla homa. Tenn. 3-80.-2 Miscellaneous Poultry. Miscellaneous Poultry. 11. G. HASTINGS & CO. SEEDSMEN' EoR THE SOITH. 16 WEST MITCHELL STREET. FOUR CITY DELIVERIES DAILY. NORTH AND SOUTH SIDE 9 A. M, INMAN PARK AND WEST END 2 P. M. BELL PHONE M. 2568. ATLANTA 2568. ONCE TRI Hl> the “Red Comb” Poultry Heeds are al ways fed. LEE’S 50c Germozone. (RISIITIIOYSTKRSIIELL is wha? you need in order to stop the hens from laying soft shell eggs. SI.OO a 100 |H>und bag. II IS A GOOD IDEA to begin now feeding vour hens some good laying tonic, by doing this you will aid them while moulting and start them to laying earlv. We recommend either of the following as being good, and assure you that either of them will give entire sat isfaction: Conkey’s Laying Tonic, Lee’s Egg Maker or Rust's Egg Producer. Price 25c and 50c. “BUG DEATH" WILL KILL insects that bother the gardens. It is a nonpoisonous preparation especial ly prepared for this purpose. One pound package 15c, postpaid 35c; 3 pounds 35c, 5 pounds 50c, 12 1-2 pounds SI.OO. MOCKING BIRD E00I), bird seed, gravel, manna, tonic and song restorer. Canary, mockingbird, par rot and squirrel cages—extra seed and water cups. IT IS EASY TO CURE fowls that are troubled with roup. Just get a box of Conkey’s Roup Remedy and the trouble will be over. 25c, 50c and SI.OO. TURNIP SEED. ~ TURNTP’SEER WRITE for a copy of our summer and fall seed Cata logue. EOR THE HORSE OR COW that is run down and is out ot condition try Lee’s Best Stock Conditioner. 25c and 50c. I' LOWER POIS. fern pots, and pot saucers, in all sizes. RID \<H RI*OI LI R \ and poultry Imuses of mites w ith Conkey’s Nox-i-Cide. It is just the thing for a dip. Ont' pint 35c, 1 quart 00c, 2 quarts 90c. 1 gallon $1.50. ALFALFA MEAL, wheat bran. granulated bone, chicken wheat, beef scraps, etc. HEADQI ARTERS for drinking founts, feed pans, grit and shell boxes, food hoppers, leg bands and ponltrv ma rkers. LIQI ID LI( E KILLER. lice powders and medicated nest eggs. til.l CONKEI S HA KNOCKER and keep your horse, cow and stable rid of Hies. One quart 35c, 2 quarts 00c, 1 gallon SI.OO. Miscellaneous Poultry. BILTMORE strain Barred Rocks and~s' C. White Leghorns; eggs for hatching; fifteen for $1.50. BILTMORE Jersey calves for sale. Address BILTMORE farms, BILTMORE. N. C. 1-27-7* CI I LORO-N APT HOLEUM DIP AND LIVE STOCK DISINFECTANT. GET RID of chicken lice and keep your poultry healthy Chloro-Naptholeuni does the work, prevents roup, gape and other diseases; one quart. 60c; one-half gallon. 90c; one gallon, $1.50. West Dis infecting Company, 26 South Forsyth street. Atlanta 7-23-2 J FOR SALE One pair high-bred fox hound pups from the Walker strain. These are beauties. F. B . care Georgian For SALE Beagle hounds; young and old Rose Valley Farm, Atlanta. Ga -8-3 COON AND FOX hounds, full blood, red bone; two years old: three packs will be sold for the next live davs for half of regular price. s. Kobo,’Villa Rica 21 B ' B_U Horses and Carriages. WANTED To rent by week, surrey and harness for small horse; must be rea sonable Answer Postoffice Box 1265 Hogs. FOR SALE—Our entire herd of Berkshire hogs eheap for quick sale. Two as tine hoars as Georgia af fords. and a lot of fine sows and pigs from 4 weeks old to HI weeks old. All got to sell at once on, account of farm not being large enough and other business. They are all registered, and a fine type. Satisfaction guaran teed on every hog that \vp sell. ,\f. I). Martin, Carters ville. Ga. R-10-44 Cows. WILL HUY a good cow H M. Phone H 57 59-8-10 It's like getting money from home, for it’s money easily made by reading, using and answering the Want Ads in The Georgian Few people realize the many opportunities offered them among the small ads. It's a good sign that if the peo ple did not get results from the Want Adg of The Georgian that there would not be so many of them. If, for nothing else, sit down and check off the ads that appeal to you. You will be astonished how many of them mean money to you. The Want Ari pages are bargain counters in every line. The ads are so conveniently arranged that they can be picked out very easy