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f_— --v .. ■■»*»* fST2 fey American Txarnlner Great Britain Rights Reserve! UY AUEPIf AM WAMTM HI /iMfclOv/lN wvjMiLnl (L CißOWlkii S O PR . 18631 tIShjXXU 1884 I ! | T lft«? 1 I | |1897 Til [ 1910. I I T—f ; fid 5- ■ 3L . «- ' fWt I®! ■—-JwlJ Ml i—W WuV Jtßr-rJBr Iflt HHHHf — _ wQwHw ~L- ~^DIm — I IMKSjjiff y-L'r< ,J, wA ' ‘-* 1 “ JLzzrlf - LII —* *- - ® —lit JsL ...J® jSm jfiW '.i.L *F° W k t J‘ e p Con j urnpti ° n ? f Sugar Has increased from Seventeen Pounds p Capita Since 1862 to Eighty Pounds per Capita to-day, and How the Stoutness of the American Woman Has Kept Pace Exactly with This Increase. Because They Keep on Eating More Sugar and Candy (See the Official Figures!) Which not Being Needed for Heat or Force, Changes into Fat AMERICAN women are the stoutest among those of all civilized nations. And they are growing stouter! The reason is the enormous con sumption of can<V, together with other forms of sugar, by the female population of the United States. The fatness of the women of various na tions is In exact proportion to their consumption of sugar. The Ameri can woman, by reason of the vast quantities of candy she consumes, is the fattest of all. The consumption of sugar has been increasing all over the world by leaps and bounds for many years. It is still increasing, therefore we are still growing fatter. Only one na tion beats the United Statei. in sugar eating, and that is England, but while the sugar consumption of the average Briton slightly exceeds that of the average American, counting both sexes, the English woman Is completely outclassed by the Ameri can woman as a sugar eater on ac count of the latter's great fondness for candy Foreign artists have been accus tomed to caricature the American as a lean, cadaverous person. This is no longer true; of the average American man and cf the American woman it is the revert. of the truth. She is distinguished from all Euro pean women by superior stoutness, progressing to fatness In elderly specimens. English women of the upper classes on the other hand ex hibit a, quit remarkable sh derness. and Fx nc women, taking them throughout the whole nation, pre serve their figures even more suc cessfully Statistics kept at Washington show that at the period of the Civil War our sugar consumption was only eighteen pounds annually per head. By 1872 it had run up to forty pounds. In 1884 it jumped to fifty four pounds It was over sixty pounds In 1891. reached seventy three pounds three years later, and in 1897 tr seventy-eight pound Last year was. about eigh r ’s. This enormous increase is simply the growth of luxury. We spread our prosperity over our persons. Sugar is used to-day, not only In greater quantities, but in many more ways than formerly. For one item, sugar is utilized in immense amounts in putting up canned goods and other kinds of preserved foods. But one of the most important employ ments of sugar, of course, is in the making of candy, the production of which in the United States has in creased astonishingly within the past few years. To illustrate this last point, take the census figures. It. 1899 there was manufactured in this country 160,644,000 worth of candy. In the next ten years the output more than doubled, reaching $134,796,000 in 1909. Naturally, the great cheapening of sugar has had much to do with its increased use; and this cheapening has been due mainly to the develop ment of processes for making beet sugar, which, relatively trifling in amount a few years ago, now fur nishes just about half the total quantity we produce. The average citizen in the United States consumes more than half his own weight in sugar every year. The sugar bill of this country aggregates $1,000,000 for every day in the year. Our total con sumption of sugar is about seven billion pounds a year, or eighty pounds for every man, woman and child in the United States. Italy uses ten pounds of sugar annually per head. Russia uses seventeen pounds; Austro-Hungary, twenty-eight pounds; France thirty ■ seven pounds; Germany, forty five pounds and Great Britain. eighty - five pounds. The world’s total pro duction of sugar has doubled In the last twenty five years. We consume one-fifth of it Os this quantity utilized In the United States, half i 8 i m . ported, and the other half is almost equally divided between the output of our own country and that of our non contiguous posses sions. Porto Rico. Hawaii and the Philippines. Candy in this country may be said to occupy the Place of a staple f OO(1 Many women and chib dren, on many days of their lives at all events, get more nourishment from ft everything else they eat n tflnn fron ’ This will be better understood s"’ It is explained that granni»/5 Wh<?n ..m M r«.„, Pn r™xr r When starch, i n the bre . ad ’ ,tatOPS - et c.. is to be transformed into sugar by the chemistry of the body before it can be assimilated. But sugar does not have to undergo any such prelim inary process, and is taken up by the digestion so rapidly that it acts as a rather powerful stimulant. This in fact, is the reason why it tends to quell the craving for alcohol. Every candy shop l s a formidable enemy of the saloons. We In the United States are great sugar eaters because, as a people, we have more luxury than any other nation. An additional reason may be found in the remarkable physical activity of Americans, who, forever hustling and on the go, need a raplidly-utilizable fuel to run the body machine. Sugar is a condensed fuel, physiologically speaking. Starch, or its modification, sugar, produces within the body heat, force or fat. Sugar is the form most easily utilized for these purposes, and .ence the craving of tin, normal body for sugar. . "WrJ -.J.L- f' /V / f I ■ ” Madame Nordica as She IsJo day, after Finding a Method of Correcting This Growing • tendency of American Womanhood. After the sugar has reached our Intestines It is conveyed through the portal vein to the liver, where it is converted Into a substance called glycogen. This is carried by the blood for use as heat or force to the muscle; i al' parts of the body. But if a larger amount of sugar is taken than can be utilized in heat or force production, it may be deposited as fat. The glycogen distributed by the liver changes into fat in the muscles if it is not needed for heat or force. Thus the use of sugar tends to obesity. Fat may accumulate about the heart, overburdening this organ so that it cannot perform its functions properly. The general accumulation of fat throughout the body weakens the muscles, and this effect may be so pronounced as to Interfere seri ously with a person’s usefulness, mere is no substance-more capable wo Harmless Flesh Reducers Which May Be Like Nordica’s one pound of epsom salts in a tubful of water as hot as you can bear . Mix in a handful of violet powder. Bathe nightly m this for ten minutes and measure the reduction of your weight and bulk. Dissolve two pounds of washing soda and a pound of bicarbonate of soda in a tubful of water hot as you can b ear it.. Bcthe nightly for ten, minutes. This may make the skin rough, in which case the frequnency of the baths should be reduced. awpllfg MMF ■ ■ i W-W | g| l'|/ Hgf y 5 tfeofe Ms wKvM ■F wfe' w < hiMiawlr .■ B? , • f V ifjllgi p * ' "I 1 ~ ''W ’ ■ * < I tJt ;»-. ? .'.L/ ■ [' ‘'fwffi- -t3 : ; ;< w • ? $ ri. - I J * WSKS F •-«, t / ’it t * '”>» ' ■ - rawßF of producing this condition than un digested sugar. Should a woman stop eating candy because she is growing fat? Not necessarily, a reduction of starch consumption and of sugar in other forms than candy may produce the desired results. After a meal from which sugar has been largely ex cluded the candy will taste better. Then it must be kept in mind that a proper amount of exercise will use up the sugar in the way nature in tended it should be used. But a woman who has accumulated too much fat cannot always take violent exercise with safety. What is she to do? Madame Lillian Nordica, the famous and handsome prlma donna, recently found herself in danger of losing the graceful outlines that had so greatly uuipeu uer to success, one searched earnestly for the e of restoring her youthful & She succeeded. On this paß e tells how she did it. It is among the v'omen ot prosperous classes that the e ** dency to obesity is nos<- marke They h.vo the most money -o spend on sugar and candy and the least occ sion to ic it up as sue in the course of hard work. It is true tn; there -a set of fashion able persons: i a the larse cities, in which the women by tneir devotion to outdoor ; poi > extreme care o their bodies have succeeded in cultivating n anmirable slimness, but th y form a n .erically insig nificant part of the whole popula tion. Here it may be noted that ex treme frugality in diet has become quite common in fashionable so ciety solely with the object of pre serving r slender flgu-e. Twenty prominent matron in the very limited smart set of New York could be mentioned who practice extraordinary self-denial in their diet, among them are Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr., at Mrs. Ava Astor. The touch only one dish at dinner and sip only a glass of mineral water dis egarding the long succession of foods and wines which are commonly place i on the tables where they dine. But such abstinence s unknown among the vast majo.lt- of the pros perous families of the country. "E> Sf y~x9f|MFy^M-y'•,«■• .■ '■ T??y.w. : :-y- ■Sic sftT "■ .<*' ■■>■(■* ' ' f ’~-fi *** BSbSW i / t<■ olblbsl ; W!wi f JhR&' LT “ feww XiwL •< -SwMHisIHM >■' 111 ' W’s '>■ -WHSr •&* ’ -M' <* PC«W»w I BMv»W j ■ ■v / ■T iiL M - • ■- SM OP =■ i -- 17 |< vv f' ®L< ‘ t'IB clmmlgßM • Jr Kh ‘t IS / ' ? wHg Madame Nordica as She Found Herself in Danger of Losing Her Figure Two Years Ago. Lillian Nordica Tells How She Grew Thin By Mme. LILLIAN NORDICA (Mrs. G.W. Young) TO grow fat is to grow old. What I have to say is not for young things who golf all day and dance far into the night. It is for those who have passed thirty. The first stage of middle age is that we are less in clined to exercise than before. We make our head save our heels, our brains save the body effort, and the re sult Is a mounting sea of fat. The sea rises and rises, and after a while we begin to notice that the clean-cut * contour has vanished. In vain we seek our lost profile It is sunk, hopelessly, we think, submerged in a sea of unwelcome flesh. The physiology of the matter is this: Years have rob bed us of a desire to exercise With lack of exercise comes lack of circulation. When the flesh has weak rivers of blood flowing sluggishly through It, it does not float, off, so to speak, on the current of that river, but remains stationary. Let me think of a simile. Like, we will say, the silt in the river. The sand and refuse remain at the bottom of the river If the stream is not strong enough and swift enough to bear them away. As we grow older, I have observed that we eat more. It is true that we eat far too much sugar. As we grow older we digest morg slowly our food. I have read that It takes an hour longer to digest a dinner after we reach forty. At any rate, it requires an appreciable time longer. And because of this growing inertia of age we don’t exercise it off. We sit still and let the sea of fat rise and all but drown us. Then, suddenly, we grow desperate because we think we are losing our “looks.” and we begin to diet. We diet cruelly and we lose flesh where we can least afford to lose it —in our faces. We lose ten pounds of flesh and gain ten years in age. We drag ourselves about In violent exercise. We walk until we are ready to faint. If we are Spartan-like, we lose more flesh and gain more age. Life becomes a torture of emptiness to us. We eat a little chicken and drink a little tea, and we walk and walk, or golf and golf, or punch bags and punch bags, until’ we are so tired we go home and go to bed and > sleep rflne hours and eat a hearty meal, and get back all the pounds that have been lost. I've tried all these things, and I know. I know so much that. I was in despair. In despair, not only for myself, but for my countrywomen. I saw them at smart functions, in London, always beautiful, always radiant, with high spirits and intelligence, but always a little too fat. The English women walked among them unencumbered with flesh, like free spirits. I became dejected. Then a good spirit, a practical friend, whispered to me that the secret of return to normal weight was not violent exercise. It was not radical diet, which is another name for starva tlon. It was perspiration. “Whatever induces free per spirtion causes loss of flesh,” she said. I experimented. I can now keep myself at any weight I desire. I wish I were at liberty to say what my secret is, but I cannot —not now. Let it suffice that I have discovered that the royal road to reduction of weight is neither diet nor violent exercise, but perspiration. That there are certain simple powders that can be placed in the bath that cause perspiration. Thus one can keep her face, can enjoy life, can seem not older, but younger Reduction has at last lost its terrors to me. I eat what I like and exercise only enough to keep me well. Os course, I do not advise eating grossly, and the : criticism that we are a nation of sugar, eaters is just iI am not surprised that eighty pounds'a year is the ■ amount credited to each Individual, nor that we doubled i the quantity of sugar consumed in ten years. As a na , tion, we eat too many sweets. And sweets turn to fat i because they,are indigestible. Whatever remains long ■ in the body is liable to turn to fat cells. More ; than 134,000,000 pounds of candy are eaten by our women ; and turn into from twenty to fifty pounds of above nor i mal fat in their bodies. One fact I have learned I want to pass on to mv i countrywomen. When reducing, measure the loss'by a - tape measure rather than your scales. Actual fat Is bulkv and puffy, but weighs little. Watch your shrinkage. I ITALY— -10 lb. per Head 120 lb. av. Weixbi RUSSIA- 17 lb. per Head 130 lb. av. Weight I II B AUSTRIA- 28 lb. per Head 140 lb. av. Weigh* £7 J \ FiL 1 \ Ls ! 'i'«'? i J Vrf V/" w \1 . ■- ' \ I 1 f%"3-A •Y.’> Z; V- ■•:dM I I FRANCE— -37 lb. per Head 14C lb. av. Weight GERMANY— -45 lb. per Head 160 lb. av. Weight