Newspaper Page Text
r
1
Can
La
boring!
M
[enl
Bel
M
lad
e j
H
laDDv and
Satisi
Fied
l? PRESIDENT ELIOT
• UlUl, 4 I Vvtuwili
Relations Between Capital and Labor Which Must Be
Accomplished to Insure Fortunate and Happy Con
ditions of Life for Employes.
By Dr. Charles William Eliot Harvard U
W ITH the Protestant Reformation there
began in Europe a series of efforts
on the part, now of this people, no*
President of
nivercity.)
of that, to obtain an Increasing measure of
political and religious liberty; and nearly three
hundred years ago the most Important of all
the steps In that long series was taken, when
a few English nonconformists crossed the for
mldable Atlantic and started In the wilderness
that Immense development of political liberty
and religious toleration which has taken place
on the North American continent. To-day, one
mav say that In the United States political
liberty has done all It can do to promote the
happiness and well-being of the mass of the
cltlaena
The American voter is about as free as con
stitutions, laws and political practise can make
him. We complain, to be sure, that the peo
ple’s will does not always got promptly exe
on ted, because It Is blocked by the action of
tha people’s own representatives and elected
servants, and of unofficial but powerful polit
ical managers: but these hindrances, or ob
stacles, arise after the individual voter has
expr-eased his will, or rotde his choice between
the alternative* aet before him and are due
to the diverse opinions, or clashing Interests,
of parties or groups among the voters. They
are not due to any direct Interference with the
individual voter's right to form, express and
aet on his own opinions.
Having thui attained to a large degree of
political liberty for the individual, why are so
many people in this free country so dlscon
tented with the degree of independence and
practical freedom they enjoy? Why Is there
such widespread discontent among working
people not only In this country, but also in
almost all the countries of Europe? The rea
son Is that the mass of the working people
to-day feel that they are not personally Inde
pendent, but, on the contrary, very dependent,
on others for the satisfaction of their dally
needs and desires and for the opportunity to
earn a livelihood.
Americans of the eighteenth century and the
flrat half of the nineteenth had nn Indepen
dence of character, and an Independent mode
of life as farmers, mechanics and traders,
founded on their climatic and Industrial con
ditions, and on the fact that they and their
fathers were living on fresh soil, and In free
dom from the restraints of tha feudal system
and the established churches, from which they
had escaped.
The great majority of the American people
to-day find themselves dependent on wages, or
salaries, for the means of living; and every
large community Is dependent for food, fuel,
shelter and clothing, and even for water, on
powerful collective agencies which control
hundreds of thousande of wage-earners. In
the factory system, which necessarily prevails
In most of the Important Industries, the Indi
vidual workman la one unit In a machine
which works well only when each Individual
workman’s will Is subordinated to the rate and
rhythm of the complicated whole.
The factory system Involves for the Individ
ual workman incessant monotonous repetition
of a few hand and eye movements, and de
pendence for steady employment on the Intelli
gence, energy and marketing skill of the owner
or manager of the works. A foolish, lazy owner
without skill In buying or selling may prove as
disastrous to his employes as an unjust or
dishonest one.
The large Industrial corporations, great
banks and insurance companies, and the big
department stores, In all of which captains
ars few and privates many, tend to diminish
the personal Independence of the average man
or woman who works In them. On the other
hand, the monopolistic; combinations called
trade unions greatly diminish the personal
liberty and Independence of their members,
who distinctly agree to sacrifice their Individual
liberty In grave matters. In the hope of pro
moting the Interests of their class as a whole,
or of some particular union.
The frugal American farmer or mechanic
used to put his savings into lands or buildings,
live stock, vehicles, vessels, tools, or other use
ful chattels; but now he must put his savings
Into the stocks or bonds of corporations, or
Into savings banks, or he must Invest In the
pledgee of insurance companies, thus becom
ing dependent on other people’s honesty and
skill, oven for tbe security of Ills own savings.
Observing these new conditions, the work
ing man who reads and thinks, comes to the
conclusion that political freedom Is not the
only kind of freedom he wants. He wants also
genuine Industrial freedom, and knows that
lie Is not enjoying It. Hence, dissatisfaction
or discontent, and a blind struggle after bet
ter conditions. Hence, the existing warfare,
open or veiled, between employer and em
ployed, between the managers of successful
Industries and their wage earners, between the
few owners of water powers, coal deposits,
buildings and machinery and the many peo
ple who feed and tend the machines.
Wherever the factory system prevails and
the contributory means of transportation and
communication have been created, this con
flict Is going on, and Is threatening to reduce
efficiency, Increase waste and dry up the
springs of contentment and happiness for the
working multitude. The workmen believe, or
seem to believe, that higher wages, or mors
pay for Icbb service, will bring them the lib
erty and happiness they long for.
They aim at getting a larger share of the
values which capital and labor combine, and
must always combine, to produce; but the
plain faot Is that larger earnings will not
necessarily make them either freer or happier;
for the sources of publlo and private well-be
ing do not lie In the amount of the average
earnings, but In the relation of earnings to the
cost of satisfying wholesome desires, and In
the moral as well as physical conditions under
which the labors of the community are per
formed, and family life Is carried on.
In many Industries the employers are now
as thoroughly organised as the workmen, al
though their associations sometimes prove to
he less trustworthy than the unions of the
workmen when an actual combat Is taking
place; that Is, the employers’ associations are
more apt than the unions to disintegrate and
give way during a strike or lockout. In spite
of this too common weakness, combinations of
capitalists or employers have some substantial
advantages over combinations of wage earners.
In the first place, the employer can endure
the suspension or hts profit much easier and
longer than his employes can endure tha sus
pension of their wages. On this account the
resolute employer Is Bure to win If he has
right, and reason on his side; If he has not, he
will probably lose as soon as public, attention
is drawn to the dispute between him and his
employes. If destruction of property or life
occurs, or if consumers are seriously Incon
venienced or distressed, the force of public
opinion will sooner or later put a stop to the
combat, sometimes on Just terms, but oftener
on unjust.
Secondly, the harassed owner will try, and
often with success, to substitute machinery
tended by comparatively cheap labor for high-
priced hand workers; and he is also likely
to find means of reducing the proportion of
skilled labor to unskilled. In both these ways
Invention has been greatly stimulated by the
Industrial warfare, and theNo processes, which
tend temporarily to emancipate the employer,
are still going on.
Thirdly, the owner or manager, who finds
the cost of a material he has been accustomed
lo use forced up by the exactions of the work
men who handle It. Is sure to seek for a new
material which will answer his purpose at a
smaller cost. The recent substitution of con
crete for granite In foundations and walls is a
case In point. The employes are at a disad
vantage, because they have no suen alterna
tives as these which are open to the employer.
Yet neither side can crush the other once for
%11. and Indeed, neither side can long exist
without the other.
Dr. Charles William Eliot, the Distinguished Former President
of Harvard University.
How can this stupid, unhappy, and wasteful
discord be stopped or mitigated? The first
step must bn to study the favorable conditions
of human labor. The work of the world must
be done; for the livelihood of mankind and the
progress of civilization depend on the produc
tive Industries of the race. Is it possible to
get this work done happily and contentedly by
free, comfortable, and improving people, or
must It bo done in the main by people who
feel themselves oppressed, take no pleasure
in their work, and, like slaves, look on work as
something to be avoided to the utmost? The
grave social and industrial problems of to
day turn on the answers to these two questions:
What are the fortunate conditions of human
labor? Can they be secured for the laboring
millions?
The winning of satisfaction and content In
daily work should be the most fundamental of
nil objects In an Industrial democracy; for un
less this satisfaction and content can he haliitu
ally won on an immense scale in the national
Industries, the hopeH of democracy cannot be
realized. There can be little public happiness
unless the dally work of the masses can be
pursued bv well-disposed people with satis
faction and Interest, apart from the amount of
dally pay received. That is already true of
alt the higher employments. Can it be made
true of the lower? I now proceed to consider
the sources of satisfaction in labor.
1. in any Industry, large or small, the first
need of an Intelligent laborer- no matter whHt
Ills work—Is to feel that he has been, and is.
In some good measure a free man. He needs
lo remember that he W'as free to choose his
employment. He wishes to feel free to change
his employment, or Ills employer. If he can
change to his advantage. He likes to be free
to change the tools or machines with which he
works, if better are Invented. As a young inan,
he wishes to be free to set up early, and main
tain comfortably, family life, and lastly, he
would prefer to see open before him a fair
prospect of improvement as regards earnings
and responsibility as life goes on. These are
the elements of a Just Industrial liberty. Cer
tain trades-unions’ policies Interfere with some
of the most precious of these liberties, by re
stricting the number of apprentices in a given
establishment, and making unreasonably long
the term ot apprenticeship. Their rules often
make it impossible for a son to follow his
father's trade even when the fgther is a union
man, and very difficult for a journeyman to
become an employer.
II. The next source of satisfaction in work
is the pleasure which the natural, healthy man
takes in using his bodily and mental powers.
There ought always to be pleasure in the use
or exercise of one s powers. All the athletic
sports illustrate this principle, even though
they call for severe and prolonged exertion.
This pleasure, however, is hardly to be secured
if his occupation compel the worker to make
monotonous exertions, often repeated, and
easily becoming automatic.
Hence, the intelligent laborer w-ants variety
in his work. Fortunately, many very useful—
indeed, indispensable—occupations afford such
variety, as, for instance, the occupation of a
motorman. Carpenter, mason, blacksmith,
wheelwright, compositor, farmhand, miner,
fisherman, cook, tailor or housewife. The
building trades all afford a good variety ’n the
dally work, because buildings vary indefinitely
in size, quality, object and materials.
In general, tt is factory labor or machine
tending which lacks the variety necessary to
the enjoyment of work.
How the desirable variety in the individual’s
work can be provided in large factories, where
it probably pays to keep every employe for
years on a single operation incessantly re
peated, is an unsolved problem. All-around
workmen, and even all-around foremen are dis
appearing from the great factory industries.
Superintendents can no longer grow up in the
works from boyhood, but have to be trained in
an exceptional manner on the basis of a col
lege or technical school education.
It certainly seems an unwholesome thing both
for the individual and for society that a man
shouk. spend his life in doing one piece of me
chanical work which he can learn to do per
fectly In a week. This is the rational objection
to piece-work; and yet in the present state of
the industrial strife payment by the carefully
Inspected piece seems to be the safest and
fairest way to procure efficient work.
Against this danger of producing in time a
generation of factory workers mentally stunted
by monotonous repetition and lack of variety
in their daily work, some defenses can be dis
cerned. Short hours in the factory furnish one
defense; for in the rest of his day the work
man can, if he will, develop an enjoyable va
riety of manual and mental skills. Another
defense may be found in the employment of
large numbers of young people who lo not pro
pose to spend their lives in a factory, but
nevertheless learn quickly their simple tasks,
make good hands for a time and then withdraw.
III. The next source of genuine satisfaction
in one's daily labor lies in achievement, that
is, in doing and accomplishing something worth
while. This is a motive which should be con
stantly appealed to In education, from its
earliest through its latest stages; and it should
be appealed to in all Industries, and be kept con
stantly in the minds of the working people.
Competitive achievement is more pleasurable
than achievement without competition; because
competition needs liberty, hope and a deter
mination toward improvement.
The sense of achievement is heightened if
the achievement is the result of the co-opera
tion of several or many persons, particularly
if the co-operation is effected by any sort of
rhythm, or harmony, or team-play. The indus
tries, like the sports, afford innumerable In
stances of the satisfaction which naturally
springs from such competitive effort. Human
nature responds with joy to competitive effort
toward any productive or collective end, Just
as it does to the desire for victory in a ball
gam. or a boat race.
IV. Another important source of satisfaction
in any life-work is the hope or expectation of
improvement as time goes on, improvement in
the amount of earnings, in personal skiil, and
in the utilization of mental capacity and moral
responsibility. The most destructive things in
trades-union doctrine are the uniform wage,
the restriction of output, the condemnation of
zeal in work, and the discouragement of effort
for Individual improvement with the consequent
legitimate increase of earning power.
These practices rapidly Impair the moral
fibre of any workman who adopts them, and
soon destroy the very sources of enjoyment and
satisfaction in the life-work; their worst effect
is the destruction of the motive for that per
sonal progress in skill and mental capacity
which commands larger pay as life goes on,
and gives Increasing satisfaction in the earn
ing of the livelihood.
In establishments which employ many thou
sands of work-people, so that there can be
little, If any, acquaintance between employer
and employed, the recruiting of the working
force and the shifting of the recruits must go
on all the time in a routine way which lacks
personal touch, and promotion is secured
through subordinates, and not through the
principal. In this respect very large factories
are inferior to those of moderate size.
The present tendency is toward factories
of moderate size (300 to 600 employes) placed,
not in large cities, but in small cities or large
towns and so detached that they can secure
light, air, and rural surroundings. Such a
factory may be expected to make careful selec
tion of its employes, to maintain healthy con
ditions throughout its premises, and to retain
a fair proportion of its male employes through
long terms of service, and so to favor and
satisfy among its workmen the expectation of
improvement.
V. Some occupations contain an element of
risk or danger which proves a source of satis
faction to those who work in them. The danger
must, of course, be visible and avoidable by
the exercise of courage and skill, and it may
well be combined with an element of chance
as to the productiveness of the labor in the
industry concerned.
The gamble on an unusually good haul, or
on an unusually short passage to or from the
grounds, distinctly adds to the enjoyment of
the fisherman’s somewhat hazardous occupa
tion. Every time a good trader makes a bar
gain, ho gets out of it the interest of an ad
venture, and there is much natural human
pleasure in the adventure which combiues
uovelty with taking a risk.
VI. The most important of all the favorable
conditions of labor is a loyal state of mind on
the part of the workman. Here the lower
vocations can learn much from the experiences
of the higher.
whether his profession be clerical, legal, medi
cal, scientific, or artistic—the teacher, the
preacher, the engineer, and the artist— no mat
ter what his art—all feel in a high degree this
sentiment of loyalty to something outside
themselves, as, for example, to a political or
legal institution, a church, a school, an as
sociation, or to the whole body oi a profes
sion.
This sentiment grows as life goes on, and be
comes in the long run the source of deep and
lasting satisfaction to him who feels It.
in the national industries the individual worn*
man ought to feel a strong sentiment of attach
ment to his trade, and of loyalty to the particu
lar factory, mine, bank, railroad, or mill in
which he works, or to the employing person,
firm, or corporation on whose Just and skilful
management the profits of the business, and
therefore the workman’s own steady employ
ment, depend. Without this sentiment of loy
alty happiness in labor is impossible; with it
the humblest service yields solid and lasting
satisfaction.
Employers and employed alike need to un
derstand better than they do now the condi
tion.-, under which satisfaction In dally toll
become not only attainable, but natural and
inevitable, and to see clearly that the prime
condition is loyalty on both sides. The trades-
unions perceive the value of loyalty to their
unions and their class; but, as a rule, they do
not see clearly the value, toward the accom
plishment of their own ends, of loyalty to a
just, humane, successful employer.
There are, however, two good signs In recent
years In regard to the state of mind of trades-
unions toward employers—the union men aro
boginning to appreciate the fact that an indus
try, which is not kept profitable, will not long
afford employment tc anybody on any terms.
It seems to me that within the last fifteen
years good progress has been made in devel
oping both In employers and employes the
right states of mind on these subjects. Em
ployers have learnt that It is “good business”
to make all the surroundings of their working
people healthy and cheerful, to take thought
for the housing of their workmen, to put their
factories In such places that their permanent
employes can live a family life in cottages
with gardens, to make provision in the vicin
ity for public playgrounds and play buildings,
so that wholesome recreations may be within
easy reach, and to do everything possible to
promote the safety, health and sensible pleas
ures and satisfactions of the workmen and
their families. He is experimenting carefully
on profit-sharing methods, the most promising
lode o f creating and maintaining satisfactory
relations between employers and employed.
He maintains a rising scale of wages based on
efficiency and length of service, does his ut
most to secure for his workmen steady em
ployment, and takes care of employes who
have passed their prime and need lighter jobs.
Fully realizing that the interests of bi9
workmen are bound up with the life of h's
works, he labors to keep his industry profita
ble, and therefore a sure support for his em
ployes as well as for himself.
If the establishment is old enough to have
secured a firm reputation for successful man
agement, and therefore for durability, he es
tablishes a pension system, thereby increas
ing efficiency in his works, and also making
promotion more rapid among the permanent
workmen. He rejects the Dolicy of the high
est possible immediate profit, without regard
o stability of the business in the future, as
Inconsistent with the right view of his trustee
ship for his partners or shareholders and his.
employes alike; and believes that the only way
to bring in the reign of industrial peace is to
deal righteously and humanely with the people
ho employs, competes with, buys from, or
sells to.
In the meantime It is to be hoped that on
the side of the workmen leaders and followers
alike will abandon the wrongful policies of
monopoly and violence, recognize the fact that
steady active work for all hands within the
limits of health, far from being a curse or an
evil, is the source and support of the most
durable satisfactions in life, and the chief
means of civilization, study anew the fortu
nate or happy conditions of labor, and with
out abandoning their organizations or their
rightful policies, take up the pursuit of happi
ness in the only feasible way, through winning
the satisfaction of liberty, healthy exertion,
competitive achievement, hearty co-operation,
variety and progress in the life-work, and
loyalty.
How ‘The Woman Thou Gavest Me” Fought Her Temptation
I N the current instalment of “The Woman
Thou Gaveet Me,” Hall Caine's masterly
and reverent analysis of the modern mar
riage problem, now being printed In Hearst's
Magazine, tbe distinguished English novelist re
veals the struggle ofa good woman against,
temptation. Mary O’Neill, the heroine of the
story, has been sold In marriage by her ambi
tious father to Lord Kaa. a profligate noble
man. Mary, too late, realizes the horror of a
loveless marriage and on her wedding day she
and her husband enter Into an arrangement
that makes her a wife In name only. liorii
Kaa shames her by his open attentions to Alms,
an old school girl friend. Martin Conrad, an >
ther friend of her childhood, now a famous
antarctic explorer, comes back into her life and
she finds herself deeply in love with him. Her
husband is off on a yachting cruise with his
dissolute friends when the supreme temptation
;:aei to Mary O'Neill.
The following excerpts from the current In
stalment of the novel are so remarkable in
their ppignant self resolution and In the lesson
they teach every woman that permission to
reprint them has been secured from Hearst's
Magazine.
(From the current instalment of "The Wo
man Thou Gavest Me” In the April number of
Hearst's Magazine.)
W HEN' Martin's mother came into tbe
room she looked nervous and almost
frightened, as if she had charged
J^rself with a mission which she was afraii
to fulfil. But I got her to sit in my mother's
easy chair and sat on the arm of it myself,
and then she seemed calmer and more com
fortable.
In spite of the silver threads In the smooth
hair under her poke bonnet, her dear face
was still the face of a child, and never be^
fore had It seemed to me bo helpless and
childlike.
After a moment we began to talk of Martin
"He's so tender-hearted, you Bee And then
you . . you’re such a wonderful woman
grown. Tommy the Mate says there hasn't
been the like of you on this island since the;
Wd your mother under tbe sod. It's truth
enough, too—gospel truth. And Martin—Mar
tin says there isn't your equal, no, not in Lon
don Itself neither. So . . . so,” she said,
trembling and stammering, "I was thinking
. . I was thinking he was only flesh and
blood like the rest of us. poor boy, and if he
got to be too fond of you . . . now that
you’re married and have a husband, you
know. . .
The trembling and stammering stopped her
for a moment.
■'Tbey’re saying you are not very happy In
jour marriage neither. Times and times I’ve
heard people telling he Isn't kind to you, and
hey married vou against your will. . . .
So, 1 was telling myself. If that's so, and
Martin and you came together now, end you
encouraged him, and let him go on
and anything came of It any trouble
or disgrace or the like of that . . . tt would
he such a terrible, cruel, shocking thing for
the boy . . . just when everybody’s talk
ing about him and speaking so well, too.”
It was out at last. Her poor broken-hearted
ory was told. Being a married woman, un
happily married, too, I was a danger to her
tK-loved son. and she had come to me tn her
sweet, unmindful, motherly selfishness to ask
me to protect him against myself.
» • • • •
I went to the window to watch her as she
walked down the drive. *
Clod bless her! The dear, sweet woman!
Such women as she is. and my mother was—
so humble and loving, so guileless and pure,
never saying an unkind word or thinking an
unkind thought are the flowers of the world
that make the earth smell sweet.
When she jvas gone and I remembered the
promise I had made to her 1 asked myself what
was to become of me. If 1 could neither di
vorce my husband under any circumstances
without breaking a sacrament of my church,
nor love Martin and be loved by him without
creaking the heart of Ills mother, where was I?
“But Martin"
“Well?”
Do you mean that I 1 am -to- to live with
ion ivithou marriage?”
"It's the only thing possible, isn t it?" he
said. And then he tried to show me that love
was everything, and if people loved each other
nothing else mattered—religious ceremonies
were nothing, the morality of society was min
ing. the world and its backbiting was nothing.
The great moment had come for me at last,
and though I felt torn between love and pity I
had to face it.
“Martin, I—I can’t do it," T said.
He stopped, and then coming closer, he said:
“I suppose you know what this means for
you, Mary that after all the degradation you
have gone through you are shutting the door
to a cleaner, worthier, purer life, and that”
I could bear no more. My heart was yearn
ing for him, yet i was compelled to speak.
’’But would it be a purer life, Martin, if it
began in sin? N'o, no, it wouldn't.”
“Then think again, Mary. Only give one
glance to the horrible life that is before you
when I am gone. You have been married a
year—only a year—and you have suffered ter-
ribly. But there Is worse to come. Your hus
band's coarse infidelity has been shocking, but
there will bo something more shocking than
his infidelity—his affection. Have you never
thought of that?”
*•«•••*••»
”1 dare not! I dare not!” I said. "I should
*he a broken-hearted woman if I did, and you
don’t want that, do you?”
He listened in silence, though the irregular
lines in his face showed the disordered state of
his soul, and when I had finished a wild look
came into his eyes, and he said:
‘T am disappointed in you, Mary. I thought
vou were brave and fearless, anil that when
I showed you a ivay out of your miserable en
tangiement you would take it in spite of every
thing.”
His voice was growing thick again. I could
scarcely bear to listen to it.
"Do you suppose I wanted to take up the
position I proposed to you? Not I. No decent
man ever does. But I loved you so dearly that
I was willing to make that sacrifice and count
It as nothing if only I could rescue you from
the misery of your abominable marriage.”
Then, he broke into a kind of fierce laughter,
and said:
“It seems I wasn’t wanted, though. You say
In* effect that my love Is sinful and criminal,
and that it will imperil your soul. So I’m only
making mischief here, and the sooner I get
away the better for everybody.”
He threw off my hand, stepped to the door
to the balcony, and looking out into the dark
ness. he said, between choking laughter and
sobs:
"Elian, you are no place for me. I can’t
bear the sight of you any longer. I used to
think you were the dearest spot on earth, be
cause you were the home of her who would
follow me to tile ends of the earth if 1 wanted
her to, but I was wrong. She loves me less than
a wretched ceremony, and would sacrifice my
happiness to a miserable bit of parchment.”
My heart was clamoring loud. Never had I
loved him so much as now. I had to struggle
with myself not to throw myself into bis arms.
Ho stepped back from the balcony with a
resolute expression on his gloomy face, and I
thought for a moment (half hoping and half
fearing it) that he was going to lay hold of me
and tell me that 1 must do what he wished be
cause I belonged to him.
But he only looked at me for a moment in
silence, and then burst into a flood of tears and
turned and ran out of the house.
Let who will say his tears were unmanly.
To me they were the bitter cry of a great love,
of a great heart, and I wanted to follow him
and say: “Take me. Do what you like with
me. I am yours.”
I did not do so. I sat a long time where he
had left me, and then I went into my room
and locked the door.
I did not cry. Unjust and cruel as his re
proaches had been, I had begun to have a
strange, wild joy in them. I knew that
he would not have insulted me like that If
he had not loved me to the very verge of mad
ness itself.
Hours passed Price came tapping at my
door to ask if she should lock up the house-
meaning the balcony. I answered: "No, go
to bed.”
I heard the deadened thud of Martin’s foot
steps on the lawn passing to and fro. Some
times they paused under my -window, and then
I had a feeling, amounting to certainty, that he
was listening to hear if I was sobbing, and that
if 1 had been, he would have broken down my
bedroom door to get to me.
At length I heard him come up the stcr.e
stairway, shut, and bolt the balcony door, and
walk heavily across the corridor to his own
room.
The day was then dawning. It was 4
o'clock.
The full ‘installment of “The Woman Thou
Gavest Me," from which the preceding excerpts
haw been taken, will be found in the April
number of HEARST'S MAGAZINE.
Our Chu-ch Was a Little Chapel-of-Ease on the Edge of My Husband’s Estate. Opened,
After Centuries of Neglect, by the Bad Lord R aa. in His Regenerate Days, for the Benefit of
the People of His Own Village. It Was Very Sweet to See Their Homely Faces as They Rev
erently Bowed and Rose, and Even to Hear Their Creachy Voices When They Joined in the
Singing of the Gloria.- -Drawn by Frank Craig in the Current Instalment of "The Woman T h ou
Gavest Me." HEARST'S MAGAZINE.