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Copyright lull l»y the ht .r Uota|/uuy.
Britain Kirill, ilecerveci.
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WHAT School
CHILDREN
SHOULD Be
Given to EAT
By EUGENE CHRISTIAN, F.S.D.
T HE child, froip the ago of about four to twelve
years, seems to have been forgotten. After a
child has emerged rrom the infant to the youth,
and can romp and play and get out of doors, it be
comes healthy, largely from fresh air and exercise, and
usually has such an accommodating and ravenous ap
petite that it can cat almost anything without apparent
harm. This is why the diet of the youth has been
overlooked.
After Its second birthday the average mother be
gins to feed the child front the general family table.
She passes along to it all of her inherited errors
Pickles, add fruits and dutches, white bread raised
with soda and baking powder, tea. coffee, sweets In
abundance, are given to it without thought or consid
eration.
If the child can get out and play in the sunshine
and fresh air it may digest all these things, seemingly
without trouble, hut in thousands of cases the digestion
How Their Health Is
is ruined, assimilation of food becomes imperfect, in-,
testinal congestion (constipation) appears, .and the
whole process of metablism, or building up from foods,
is deranged before the child reaches its sixth birthday.
Tfieri motherly instinct assumes charge, it is kept in
doors- -kept quiet—its clothing, exercise and all of Us
habits are guarded with a great deal of care, except
its diet, which is the one fundamental thing which
controls its health.
Children are naturally healthier than their parents.
The trend of nature is always upwards toward higher
forms of life, therefore if the principle of natural evo
Frequently Destroyed by Allowing Them
Cheap confections and the over-eat then pure maple sugar or good home-made ice cream;
ing of sweets are the most prolific
cause ot children's diseases These
ihings keep the stomach in a constant
state of irritation, thus lowers the vi
tality, destroys the ml corpuscles ot
the blood and when any disease ap
pears the child has no power of re
sistanco
The natural craving for -weets can
be satisfied with such things as dates,
figs and raisins, and now and
but these things should be administered sparingly, and
only at meal times, and the amount given then should
be governed by the time they spend in the open air
and tlie temperature of the atmosphere. Children can
withstand a great amount of cold and when allowed
to play out of doors they will be comfortable in zero
weather, thinly clad, compared with the amount of
clothing worn by grown people.
I he only purpose clothing should serve is bodily
warmth. When it is made the instrument of foolish
decoration it is serving the same purpose as rings in
iution were not in some way inter
fered with, children, with very few ex
rcpilons, would lie perfectly healthy
anil by getting out and exercising the
play instinct the comparative death
rate would be very much lower than
among adults, but they nrp not The
death rate among children from two
to six years of age is appalling
The child’s taste or desire for cei-
tain things cannot be trusted. All
children crave sweets, and they can
digest and assimilate more of these
Ilian the average grown person, but
their craving lends them far beyond
llic amount needed, and every penny
weight they eat. in excess of tli"
amount needed, makes trouble.
Cheap confections are a menace to the health of
children. Most "penny candy" ought to he marked
"poison." and dealers and manufacturers who use
poisonous adulterations in these things ought to be
put in the penitentiary, for they are weakening and
poisoning -the greatest asset of the nation.
‘Most penny candy should be marked
'POISON,' and the dealers and man-i-
iacturers put in the penitentiary."
lite ears and bells On the toes, and the
mind of the mother thus afflicts her
child is in the same class ns that of
of tlie ignorant barbarian whom she
imitates.
When the child enters school food
is by far tlie most important thing to
be considered, and yet this is the one
thing that receives no especial atten
tion. There is no time in life when so
much care should be exercised In
feeding as during tlie school days, be
cause there is no time when the ap
petite so runs riot and so many mis
takes are made.
- Tlie food of the school child serves
two distinct purposes: (1) material
for growth; (2) material for the extra
mental work and worry.
The child mind will not labor except under compul
sion or necessity All early education, therefore, is a
system of forcing things. This extreme demand upon
the body must be provided for. The body of the grow
ing child, especially when in school, will appropriate
to Choose Their Food
a much greater amount of carbohydrates (starch ad
sugar) than that of the grown person.
Tije diet of the school child should be confined to
the most easily dissolved proteids, such as milk am'
eggs, and coarse cereals such as whole wheat, rye
corn-hominy, and the coarse fibrous vegetable;'. The;,
should also eat a liberal portion of fruits between
meals, never with meals, and if the Weather is cold
and they arc exposed to the outdoor air, they can eat
bountifully of fats, such as nuts, butter and olive ot)
The following are a few suggestions for the diet < ■
the school child ranging from seven to ten veafs o
age:
Breakfast.
Whole wheat, or some whole wheat product, uookeri
very thoroughly with butter or cream (no sugar). An
egg and a glass or two of milk. If the weather is
very cold a few dates might be eaten with the cereal,
or a few figs or raisins eaten with cream.
Luncheon.
Two very ripe bananas, a few dates, figs or raisins,
with nuts or nut butter and cream. Two or three
glasses of milk.
Note.—Bananas should not be eaten until they are
"dead ripe,” whichi is indicated by black spots on the
skin. The banana is not. a fruit, but a vegetable, and
one of the finest specimens grown.
Dinner.
One or two l'resh vegetables. -
Choice of potato, sweet or white, baked beans or
whole wheat bread.
Choice milk, eggs or, fish, giving preference to milk
or eggs.
Now and then a service of home-made ice cream or
maple sugar might be served with either luncheon or
dinner. In Summer the sweets and cereals should be
decreased and the vegetables, bananas and milk might
be increased.
Children, especially the school child, should never
be allowed to take acid fruit or sugar for breakfast
unless all bread and, cereals be omitted. Acid fruit,
sugar and cereal starch is about the worst combination
of foods that could be put together.
What to Do for a Victim of ELECTRICAL SHOCK !
A PERSON who lias suffered a severe electrical
shock and is unconscious, needs prompt atten
tion, jUHt as a person needs it who lias been
taken unconscious from the water. In fact the method
of first aid to a victim of electrical shock is a great
deal like the work of resuscitation of a nearly drown
ed person.
The National Electric Light Association lias adopted
what is known as the “prone pressure” method of
resuscitation. The American Medical Association lias
also adopted this method. It lias been recognized that
shocks from low voltage currents of from 111) to 50b
volts, are usually extremely serious.
The method which is usually applied in cases of
drowning or asphyxiation from any cause serves well
in electrical shock cases There are really five impor
tant points in this work:
-Starting respiration as speedily as possible.
The position of the victim.
The position of the operator.
The method of operation.
The speed and the length of the operation
The victim should be taken at once to a place where
the air is reasonably pure and where it is possible to
work over him, but no time should be lost in seeking
such a place. It it is not actually at liatul t'o the next
best tiling by working on the premises, for no time
should be lost. A delay of one minute n beginning to
restore respiration may prove fatal.
The victim must be turned over on uis stomach u..i
with his face to one side, so that bis nose and moutii
are free to the air. and il' any foreign substance are in
ilia mouth or throat they must be removed Whoever
is working over tlie victim should kneel beside mm.
facing the victim’s head. He then spreads the palms
of the hands upon the lower ribs of the victim Holding
his arms out straight to secure better force
0
Resuscitation begins by a moderate pressure on the
ribs, increased at the end of the pressure, then the
pressure is quickly removed by swinging the elbows
apart. It is better to have some one hold a watch on
this operation, giving three seconds tor,the downward
pressure and two seconds of release This should be
continued for at least three hours if the victim does not
begin to breathe. After three hours of painstaking
work with no results the case is hopeless, but anywhere
within the three hours the breathing is likely to begin. •;
when, with care, the life of the victim is saved
It is well to have a helper to take the place ot the !
first workei as nis pressures will become weak and ,
.rrcgulai in spite ot careful timing after a ’naif hour, t
Let the helper get in position and upon the release \
by ibe firs' worker, lake up the pressures, giving the )
first man opportunity to rest (
Of course it a physician is handy and orders a dii- (
leiont method alter a trial oi this, it ,s nest to allow (
tt in to take , liargt Unless the shock is extremely
severe the chance? are always favorable lor a recovery.
The propei speed ol respiration is twelve times a min- ,
ute and in the excitement care should be taken that
this is noi increased as this is very likely to happen.
Others may .oosen me clothes cf the victim, but the
man working over nim should lose no time in this man
ner the first great need being to start the breathing.
Aftijr recovering consciousness the victim should be
made .to lie perfectly quiet for a long while, as his heart
ha? oecdme greatly weakened A sudden effort might
mean a relapse and it is extremely difficult to save a
victim it' this occurs.
Why a “Clucking Hen
Is Just Right to Eat
I T has been found upon careful demonstra
tion that the best fowl for food is a hen
that nature has fitted for the siege of set
ting for a period of three weeks on a nest full
of eggs and for the several weeks required tor
the hen to mother her brood.
A clucking hen eats more grain than other
hens for several days prior to the time she
begins to want to set in real earnest.
The last few eggs she lays prior to remain
ing on the nest are richer and sweeter than
those laid earlier in her laying period.
The body of the hen is more plump, and the
oreast and limbs are filled out, and the hen
that will weigh six pounds during the earlier
portion of her laying period will weigh at
least a pound more when she has finished her
laying, and is ready to set.
The same kind of a fowl killed and .tressed
in the same manner and prepared for the
table in the same way at different times
from the day she begins to lay, up to the day
she is through laying and ready to begin to
hatch her brood, will show a great difference.
The fowl killed and eaten while she is in
her early stage of laying is tasteless compared
to the hen used for food that is clucking
lustily, even if the exact methods are used in
preparing and serving the fowl.
Those who are prejudiced and who have
always thought there could be no such dif
ference should try the experiment to be fully
convinced. Some persons will pay a higher
price for a clucking hen simply to secure n
more "delicious morsel of food.
There is really no secret why, a clucking
hen is better food than any other sort. The
hen knows she has a long siege of three
weeks when she must sit on her eggs an 1
cannot get either exercise or very mucli f
food for she sticks to her nest. And liaviti.,
been made by nature to know this the hen
carefully prepares for the siege by puttin?
herself in the very best of physical con
dition. She lays in a supply of food that
will, with the aid of a little hasty feeding
now and then, enable her to go through the
sitting process without hunger.
Keep Your GARDEN i
PATHS Well SALTED
H OW many times in mid-summer we see
what would be an otherwise beautiful
garden of flowers and shrubs marred
and made unattractive because the foliage
is covered with dust, and even the flowers
seem to droop in shame of so much dust
about them.
Watering at night and in the morning will
wash most of this dust away, but not all of
it, and again during the middle of the day
when everything is hot and dusty and when
we need more than at any other time to see
the garden in all the freshness of its green
er). tlie cool, green effect i? spoiled liy an
other layer of dust.
Ml this may be avoided by a plentiful use
oi common suit, the coarse granular sort, not
the crystal or rock salt. Sprinkle this salt
over your garden paths, taking care not to
allow it to fall unevenly along the border, and
soon it will he found that no dust will arise
through it What little moisture there is in
the ground will keep the salt moist enough to
prevent dust from arising through it. and a
plentiful supply of this salt on the edges of
If Your Baby
Swallows a Penny
C HILDREN often swallow such tilings at j
open safety pins, screws and coins l
without harm. In due time they travel
through the stomach aud bowels. Do not
administer cathartics, but give the child
plenty of coarse food—oatmeal, potatoes and
bran biscuits, in these days of the X-ray
machine it is best to take the child to your
doctor, who .wilt locate the foreign body and
make sure it is not in a place where ii will
do harm.
Foreign bodies in the eye. if they hate
not penetrated any part of the eyeball, are
best removed by pulling the lid 'away from
the eyeball with the finger, so that tin ;e.i s
will flow and wash the particle away. Never
rub the eye. When the eyeball is penetrated,
you cannot sec an oculist too quickly.
If you know a child has swallowed some
thing, but he is too youug to tell you what
it is, take no chances at all, but see a phy-
bician. The chances are lie will havi the
little one put under the X-Ray. The .-atest
■way is the only sure way. and om - annot
be too careful in cases of this sort
the patli will prevent the grass and weeds
from growing in and mal ig it unsightly.
Brick, cement or other artificial covering
paths do not add beauty to a garden. Noth
ing is in better keeping with a garden than
clean-bordered paths of semi-hard, natural
soil The itsa ot' salt will keep such paths
smooth and practically ditstlcss
In France sail has been found so \aluuble
tor this that it is even used on highways. On
such road, and streets as tire frequently
broken by Hag-stone crossings, or have street
cur tracks, a tar covering cannot be used, as
it cannot lie spread over the tracks nor over
the flagstones. On such streets great quanti
ties of salt have been placed, with the result
that these streets are practically dustless,
even more dustless than tar-covered macada
mized roads, where the dust gathers on top
of this covering.
Another advantage is that the salt can be
watered freely without injury, as it only dis
solves a little and adheres to the soi! in small
cry stals, so that it is not necessary to make
very frequent applications of it.
YOU MIGHT TRY-
Mosquito Netting for Baby.
I is said white mosquito netting over a baby’s prill ot carriage will
hurt its eyes and.that green is better, but white is safer because
many of tile green nettings are poisonous and baby frequently gets
tlie netting in Ins mouth.
I
Floor Stains.
W HEN hot lat is spilled on a floor the first impulse is to pour on
hot water -Do iuu o this, as it keeps the fat melted and
allow s it to sink into the wood. Pour could water, a iot ot it,
aud the fat will harden before it sinks in. Then it can be removed by
scraping it up
B
T
T
Relief from Burns.
AKIM; soda gives instant relief to a burn or a scald Applied either
wet or dry to the burned part immediately, the sense of relief is
magical, it seems to withdraw the heat, and with it the pain.
Saving Wood Work.
O save paim and furniture from being knocked and scratched when
sweeping, nail pads of velvet or cloth on all brooms and brushes,
especially those used for stairs.
To Test Eggs.
O test eggs, put them in water. A fresh egg will sink, a poor egg
will float midway and a bad egg will float on the surface.
The LAW ABOUT FRUIT Hanging OVER
I F your neighbor lias a pear, apple, plum or
cherry tree so close to the line that many
of the branches hang over the fence or
dividing line and reach out above your own
land, there are a number of things you may
legally do. There are also a number of things
ion may not legally do.
Probably neither boundary disputes nor
neighboring hens nor anything else has
caused so much trouble aud hard feelings
and court quarrels as this question of who
owns the fruit that hangs over on your land
..iiliough attached to a tree growing on your
neighbor’s property.
Ill the first place, the general mistake made
is that such fruit belongs to you. This is
the very first thing to learn It does not
belong to you. But you may do several
tilings about it. You may refuse to allow the
neighbor to step on your land to gather that
fruit, you may refuse to allow him to climb
the limbs that extend over your land, you
may refuse to allow him to shake the irui
down on your land. But always remember
this: If you refuse lo allow him to com-*
A—You Can Pick the Neighbor'.. Fruit and Give it to Him. B—You
Let Him Come to Your Land ana Pick Ki* Huit. C—You Can Make
Cut jff Every Limb and Branch That Hangs Over Your Land.
How to Tell the Bite
of a VENOMOUS SNAKE
I F you should be so unfortunate as to be
bitten by a snake and were not quite cer
tain what sort of a snake it was, whether
poisonous or of the so-called Harmless va
riety, look at the injury
If there are four punctures, or even three,
the chances are that it was not a venomous
snake; but if there are only 'two punctures
it is probable you have been bitten by an
extremely poisonous snake.
While this does not always hold good, as
a non-poisonous snake may have had oppor
tunity to make only two incisions with his
four biting teeth, it is 'best to take no chances
at all.
The poisonous snake’s deadly fangs are but
two—generally in the upper jaw. But, no
matter what sort of a snake bites you, the
head of that snake should, wherever possible,
be kept for identification.
If, as is generally the case, the bite is on
an extremity, tie one or more ligatures—pref
erably of broad rubber bands—above the in
jury. Incise deeply, cutting across the punc
ture for at least one inch and well beyond the
YOUR FENCE j
on your property to gather the fruit, you j
must gather it for him and give it to him if 1
he asks y r ou to do so.
If you demand your "lights” and want to j
be very unreasonable and actually despicable
about it, you can make your neighbor cut off
every limb, branch and tw'ig that extends
over your land.
On the other hand, if you refuse to allow j
this neighbor to come on your land and at j
the same time refuse to gather the fruit on
these branches when he requests it. he may j
then enter your property for the sole pur- ,
pose of picking his fruit. But he has no right \
to do this until you have refused to either j
give him this permission or to gather it for (
him. But in thus coming on your land he j
must use no force and do no damage, or you I
can sue him. To use force would be assault, j
Of course, these are the general legal
"rights" and "wrongs" of such a situation. )
The moral right of the situation would be (
for y ou to allow the neighbor to come on and J
pick bis fruit. * And tile moral right thing .
for him to do would be to divide the fruit j
that hangs over on your property- with vou. )
depth reached by the fang. Next, wash in
running water, manipulating the part to pro
mote free bleeding. If running water is not
available, suck tin wound, then rinse the
mouth thoroughly with a solution of potas
sium permanganate. Now wash the wound
well, and use in and around it the potassium
permanganate solution; or inject a X to 100
solution of chromic acid, being careful to in
filtrate completely, not only the wound, but
also the surrounding tissues.
Do not give ammonia. Stimulate with small
doses of whiskey, if indicated, but do not
overdose, as more persons have been killed
by taking large quantities of whiskey than
by snake bite.
When positively certain that the poison
has been removed from the wound, loosen
cautiously the ligatures, that nearest the
heart first, but do not remove them, so they
may be again tightened if symptoms recur.
In all cases the victim must have the best
surgical care, and the wound should be kept
open by packing with wet antiseptic gauze, as /'
sepsis and local gangrene are very apt to
follow the injury.
Hard and Soft
Water for Cooking
A LL cooks do not understand the dL
ent effects produced by hard and .>
water in cooking meat and vega a ,
Peas and beans cooked in hard water, con
tabling lime or gypsum, will not :oT tender
because these substances harden vege at?
casein. Many vegetables, as onions -
nearly tasteless in soft water, because Li
flavor is boiled out. The addition of sal. i
ten checks this, as in the case o. onions
causing the vegetables to retain their pecu
liar flavoring principles, besides such nun?
tious matter as might be lost in soft,wale.
For extracting the juice of meat to make a
broth or soup, soft water, unsalted, and cold
at first, is the best, for it much more readily
penetrates the tissue; but for boiling, where
the juices should be retained, hard water, or
soft, water salted, is preferable; the meat
should be put in while the water is boiling, so
as to seal up the pores at once.
If you are in doubt about the water, the
common test is soap. Hard Water will not
make a suds freely, while soft water will.
Once acquainted with the nature of the '
cooking water you can govern yourself ac-
cordin'-lv in cooking. *
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