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12 n UKARSTS SUNDAY A.MI-'RICAN. ATLANTA. (!A.. SI'N'DAV. MAY 4. l!*in RETAIL BUSINESS SHOWING GAINS OVER EAST YEAR Big Stores Increase Sales Each Month, but Buy Less, Thus Decreasing Stocks. FEEL ’ NO PINCH AS YET Surprised When They Talk to Bankers—Spot Cotton Dull. Crop Prospects Good. SUDAN PRODUING GREATER AMOUNTS OF COTTON YEARLY and Commerce Cattle Tick Incuous Is No Obstacle to New Stockman By M. A. ROSE. "Small retailers come in here for conferences, and are amazed when we tell them times are not of the best and that money is scarce," said a down town hanker. This means, of course, that retail trade, strangely enough, is above that of last year at this time, with every indication of its staying at present levels. Rig and little retailers tdll the same story, except, of epurse. that the big fellows study general conditions more closely. With all the talk of caution, of re- trenchnlent. and of decreased buying power, the retailers, who get quick est intelligence of changed condition . declare business exceeds expectation*. Whitehall Street stores say their balance sheets show increases ovr last year* that March was one of the best months they ever had and that April will exceed March. Gains Every Month. "Every month this year has shown a gain over the same months of t<he preceding yAar.” said the head of ono of the largest department stores, "and I believe this is the case all along the street in the retail district. Increases are not phenomenal, but healthy. ‘We know, of course, that money will be more or less scarce until af ter the new crop comes in. We are buying cautiously from Jobbers My purchases In April were nearly $10.- 000 under my purchases for April last year. At the same time, sales fur April show a gain over the same month of 1912. That means, of cour*e t that 1 am eating into my stock. This Is what T want. 1 want stock down 10 the lowest it has ever heached. Then 1 shall buy to supply actual needs, in small quantities and often, purchases of woolens. We do not purcahses of woolens. We do not want to be caught with a big stock of them when free wool goes into ef fect. Order Novelties Freely. "The only lines we are ordering with any freedom are novelties. This is necessary. Manufacturers have ceased building up stocks in sum lines. They produce only what is or dered in advance of production. "With our stocks down, and our finances in healthy shape, we will ha ready to jump in and buy to the lim't of our ability if the crop outlook in the fall warrants expectations of a highly prosperous season." Jn general, the week has been un eventful. Clearings are not so large, but deposits hold their own. * Demand for money continue* lively, tint bankers have not changed their policy of conservatism, and loans are •xiitde to cover only pressing needs. Yw enterprises or extensions are fcwned upon. Farmers Not Hampered. Harm work progressed well for the /eek, with fair weather. It was too cold, however, for the cotton plant In many parts of the belt, Including Uie Atlantic States, and seed Is not germinating In general, however, the ground is in excellent shape. Au thoritative reports show the cotton and grain prospects to be excel'ent. Spot cotton seems to be in little or no demand. The tone in the Atlanta market is merely nominal, with prices shaded somewhat from recent levels. Holders do not want to sell: spinne* ? do not want to buy. In this deadlock, there is no profit for the dealers. What few sales there are for the most part supply foreign needs. Domestic spinners consistently refuse to show’ any interest. Warehouse stocks re main about the same. The week has seen queer doings in the New York futures market. Tuesday, in particular, was an inev plicable mean, closing with April down ten points, May up twelve pointa, and t it* rest of the positions from one to a dozen i>oints off from the close of the day before. New York Futures. Everything, it is said, has been dis counted save the weather. Futures are selling at a big discount under the actual cotton. Liverpool is sa’ 1 to intend taking up big batches of New York cotton on May contrac New York is not anxious to have this happen, as a depleted stock would leave July shorts in a precarious con dition. So the war goes merrily on with the Southern farmer holding Un balance of power, and refusing stead ily to unload. Interest in fall lines of dry goods is beginning- Some of the more im portant hous*es opened their fall lin-s May 1. A few buyers are in town, but not many. Country retail stocks are not moving so rapidly. Warn w eather will improve'trade. Wholesale grocers have little to aay of the week's business. They are satisfied, but claim they bar*- not cast up the figures for April as ye even roughly, though they think the totals will be satisfactory. The culture of cotton !n the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan is making rapid strides under the direction and assist ance of the British Government, ac cording to Arno Schmidt, of Man chester. England. Mr. Schmidt, at the meeting of the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers in Boston, gave an Interesting and detailed ac count of th«* methods used to increa^ the production of the white staple in the Sudan. As a result of the extension of the railway system, large areas of great fertility’ have been tapped, and Mr. Schmidt says an enormous quantity of cotton could be produced, but the drawback is that the native* must be educated in order to get the best value from the land. The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, he said, extend.« from 22 degrees to 5 degrees northern latitude. The area of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is about 1.- 000,000 square miles. North Sudan has very little rainfa 11 Indeed, tfie - li/nate there being almost identical with that of the south of Egypt. Farther south the rainfall increases. Wise Law in Force. Great praise is due to the depart ment agriculture and to the va- j t H j n course rlous governors of the respective cot- f u l. Thor silt deposit on the lower points of the delta, around Tokar, is in places 40 feet deep. These lioods carry the crop to the rainy seasons, whl h mn,r begin towards the end of (>•- tober. The only additional moisture which the plants receive is from the heavy’ dews, which set in about the middle of September. The air gen erally is humid. Throughout the winter months there are many clou ly days. The Kohr Baraka has a habit of flowing into diffejjent districts from year to year, and this alteration of its course is an enormous drawback, as the cultivators, not knowing whether the flood will come on their land seldom prepare it in advance for cultivation. As the farmers are nev er suiv whether the flood will react! certain lands, they are careless and refrain from preparing for the flood, and do not weed nor hoe the ground. Hoeing Pays Well, it has been proved by the Inspector of agriculture on the Government farm at Tokar that hoeing prior .o the flood, gives increased yields. The uncertainty of the river reaching I In land makes the cultivation an ele ment of chance. Attempts in a stunII way at directing the flood into ccr- have been fairly success- lias been elaborated ton grow ing provinces who have elab- Hood ( ontroling scheme, whereby an orated the Sudan Cotton Ordinance of , area of at least 70.000 or even 80,000 1012. This ordinance regulate" the feddans will be flooded sufficiently importation of cotton seed; the supp’v | every year. of cotton seed by the director of agri- The land in the Tokar district is culture; provides for special licenses j owned by the Government, when for ginning factories, and^enahleg the hires it out on a y early tenancy, the government inspectors to visit the native paying land taxes in lieu of ginning factories: it insists upon the rent. clean picking of cotton, the separation j The average yield of cotton per of cotton seed of different qualities, fed-dan Is very small, viz., about 400 and gives special powers to the gov- ! pounds seed-cotton giving about 31.5 ernors of the provinces to establish j per cent of lint. The quality and such regulations as may be requisite the color of the cotton are saiisfae- aceording to special local conditions tory. Owing to the unsatisfactory If similar acts were in existence In method of cultivation, the yield is Egypt, India and some of the African I small and the staple is somewhat ir- colonies less deterioration of quality ' regular. That the yield can be in and the other evils resulting from th* 1 creased has been proved by a Gre?k mixing of seed in the ginneries would i farmer, who had last year an av< r- follow. | age crop of 700 pounds of seed-cot- Moisture Supply. ton per. feddan. This was entirely The cotton-grow ing districts of th*-I flue to slightly better cultivation than Anglo-Egyptian Sudan are best dealt ' the natives adopted; even on this with in the following divisions. plantation no ploughing or preparing l Flood Irrigation -Tokar. with a of the land prior to the flood was un cultivated area of 50,000 feddnns. wa- dertaken. tcre.l hv the Mood of the Khor Bnrakfl. Buyers Upset Plans. 4^0 o o *i > ri d -1'? i^'w^iiAmn iMh { { 1 rea l According to the new cotton ordl- ' ° d ° f of the different o p, irril Y,.u r ... grades Is allowed, the intention be- folim iirIni i"' K ,! a Y' i,,K ,(> establish a reputation for To- 7b iJrm ' .?** "?, h - ■: nd - ; *»'• cotton. A*, however, several an! . V r i i 'f, ^ pr N' I rovlnre, Alexandria, firms buv the cotton on ?,nrh ,hp , nP l? h - the spot and have It sinm-d. partly in dm .,7 ^ Khartoum, vlz., Ka- Kgypt and partly in Huakln. it is Vti /’i . • . n-u ri , * evident that the good intentions of ,-v’Yrv* '»! / ‘ l a * , , ' ^ylba Test Sudan Government are frustrated A.', 1 OSf ‘ nt irrigated bv pumps by their action. The owner of the i j , M " ,,m ‘ provides perennial ginnerv at Suakin told me repeatedly canals ' mean ® of a barra » e «nd that the Alexandria houses insist up a ' _ on mixing the grades. The cotton r* ..,‘ l Sl*'! ou J3 ( V 1 0,1 ^ ou,b of the ordinance will have, however, that ' ‘ ^ f ‘ n '• Mellut and Ko- advailtage that each class must he in tY’ s Hj TU5 ruin ’k ro " 11 cotton ts raised ginned separately, and therefore the ° o _ seed of the first-grade cotton which Ueep Silt Deposit. must be kepi apart should he us- It has been ascertained that the ful for sowing purposes. Business Is Lively In Light Linens Fine Dress Goods and Towelings To Be Rushed in by Importers Ahead of Higher Tariff. XF1\V YORK, May 3.—As predict ed, when the latest change in the proposed linen schedules were an nounced Importers have begun to get inquiries on lightweight dress linen and towelings. These goods, which come in under the present tariff at 30 per cent, are to he advanced to 3o per cent, if the new schedules as they now stand go through. Large buyers are apparently of the opinion that the bill will be passed practical ly as it stands, and are making in quiries as to prices on goods which w ill be needed later on. Importers in the New York market, when they learned of the proposed change in the duties on lightweight dress lin ens and towelings, stated that there would undoubtedly be a rush for goods, and their predictions bid fair to be realized. The changes made in the schedules have been widely discussed through-*- out the trade, and the general opin ion seems to he that Imports of lin ens will increase, if tin* bill passes as it is outlined now. With regards to lightweight dress fabrics, it is be lieved that the Imports of these will not be greatly Hurt by a 5 per cent In crease in tin* duty. Buyers will not be able to lose any time if they want to get goods in ahead of the passing of the tariff, as it has been generally intimated that the bill will go into effect as soon as it is passed. The mill" abroad are already pretty well undoi order for the balance of this year, and it will be a question of whether the goods can be turned out in tinve to get them here before tin- tariff goes into effect. lb-1idlers art- moving out dress lin- t'lis steadily and stocks an bv no means as large as they would like to see them. Solid colors in the popular shades are in excellent demand, with some houses reporting good sales of what arc termed "high colors." such as reds, purples and bright greens, (’ream shades and white are also good property, t specially in the finely woven goods. (’rashes are in very short supply, and prices continue to show an upward tendency. Domestic mills an well sold ahem! and buyers are still complaining of the slow shipments from abroad. Advices received from Belfast state that manufacturers there m keenly interested in the pending tariff changes, and believe that if the bill goes through a larger business will be done in this country. SOUTHERN IMPROVEMENTS. 0e U " 1 ' n u,,s '■"iinuy nation placed upon a railroad by the ■ commission can l>e tiled within 30 During the five y. .us Bom DARTMOUTH ADDS EFFICIENCY. I s. but if none is filed that valua- m2 eight rail rued* operating m , haNoYKR. N II S(a> 3 l>art- Jtlon he.-omes final. In , as,' of pro- Southern States have spent $1-- m<>.ith G>-liege w ill offer a course next J test, findings of the commission will Investment Bankers Consider - Many Questions Before a Move Is Made. TWO STATES NOW DOMINATE BICE Louisiana and Texas Crowd to Front in Production of Irrigated Crop, Dipping Yat and Sprays Take Fare of Ticks—Progressive Stockmen ,p: i' Inexcusable, if Instance Tick irk Gontimiaucc Taken in Everv Welcome Severe Restrictions Thorough Safeguards Will Bt Appears. By CHARLES A. WHITTLE. (Georgia State College of Agriculture.) M' MANY CHANCES REFUSED jTHE ATLANTIC STATES QUIT Efforts Made Not to Glut the j Acreage in the East Generally Bend All Efforts to Crop Movement Banks Prefer Short Loans to Mature in Time to Give Funds for Harvest Days. Banker.* do not discuss freely’ the prospects of money next fall, y’et it is plainly evident that their policy is one of caution. The rate for six months* collateral loans in Wall Street lias been lowered to 4 1-2 at 4 1-2 per cent., nut even at that level it compares with 3 1-2 per cent, quot ed for similar loans at thits time last year, and 2 3-4 per cent, two years ago. ".'line loans least difficult to obtain ere those which run as nearly nn possible for periods terminating at the t mo next autunwi when tin West will begin to call for funds to finance - he crop movements. Not only at New York, but at Chicago and St Louis it is testified that while six month*' loans are ihe limit, tin- banks prefer not to go beyond four month> on time-loan accommodations. What lb*' demands for crop movements will amount to cannot < ven be guessed at. but if .h- exceedingly’ favorable win ter wheat indication later on re fleeted in spring wheat, corn and oats, there will be little question concern iny the extent of the fall demands for money. Commenting on these precautions, a banker of wide experience at the West and South pointed out that if many of the banks adopted such a policy there would be a far more comfortable money market in the fall than i* now anticipated. One fac tor which has helped the situation so tar has been the leduced borrowings by railroads and Industrial concerns. Requests from such sources have been light compared with the broad borrowings that wore looked for a lew weeks age. Sonic roads have deferred fresh financing until the investment outlook is more settled and the new tariff law is on the statute la oks. NEW WALL STREET BOGIE. Physieal valuation of the railroads of the country is the next bogie Wall Street has to confront. The new law requiring the Interstate Commerce Commission to make a physical val uation goes into effort, this week, on the first of May. After Hie commis sion makes a tentative valuation it must submit it to the railroads, to the Department of Justice, to the Governors of the States in which the railroad properties are located and to others whom the eonimission may prescribe. A protest against the val Market, Also to Prevent Continual Re-selling. How <loe« a banker know the price is safe to fix for a great bond issue? How does he know what is the most opportune time to bring out an im portant loan .’ How ran he tell when Ik negotiates with the corporation, whether it will be possible for it to secure its money at a guaranteed price in a money market which may be governed by wholly different con ditions from those prevailing at the time the loan was contracted for? Every new loan brings up so many perplexing que.«tions for the invest ment banker to consider that the head of a great international banking house was heard to remark that "nothing but brains and a life-time experience equipped one to deal with the problems of a difficult bond mar ket." He added: "Even then we all make* bad blunders. No one can guard fully against mishaps for the reason that no one man is big enough to invariably judge the money mar ket correctly. The price of money is of all things the most sensitive. We all do the best we can and let it go at that." This was the testimony of a man who has put through some of the largest International loans. When the president of a large railroad asks a banker to bring out a bond Jssue he put through a running Are of ques tions. These have to do with the condition of the property itself: its mortgage indebtednr.ss. note issues and outstanding stock: whether the new money is wanted to pay off ma turing obligations, to finance new' construction work, to purchase equip ment. or to buy’ into some other road: how soon the money’ will be required, whether or no£ it is to be used all at once or at stated intervals, and what rate of interest the road is will ing to pay; and how long the loan is to run, what provision is to be made for paying it off, and the terms of the mortgages. This questioning may’ take two hours or two weeks. When Paris bankers took Pennsylvania's $50,000.- 000 issue of 3 3-4 per cent 15-year bonds in 1906, the borrower, accord ing to one of its representatives, "had to prove that it had a road." There are often occasions when bankers refuse flatly to bring out a large loan at any terms. Since 1909 every prominent banking house in the Street has probably turned down a dozen such propositions. Their re fusals have been liased generally on a determination not to glut the bond > market or to cause embarrassment through loading up weak holders with bonds. The St. Paul loan bankers could have sold the entire $30,000,000 iss'ue with ease had they accepted bids from smaller syndicates. In stead of doing that they’ made a spe cial effort to place the bonds with insurance companies, savings banks, and rich (‘states, which would hold the. securities for income-producing purposes. That prevented the unset-* tlement which was caused two years ago by the constant reselling of bonds by weak holders, who had bid for new loans only to sell again as soon as the market had advanced fraction ally. Each banking house lias its own experts, private accountants, and Mometimes its own engineers to make special reports on railroad or in dustrial concerns which seek to put out large loans. Abounded in Favor of Other Farm Products, [ORE than 180,000 miles nt ter- ritory has been freed of cattle tick since 1906—a territory that would cover Mississippi, Ala bama. Georgia and slightly more. Pretty good work that! And what is more, his pudgy nibs is on the way to oblivion at a faster pace than ever. The street would put it more expressively by saying that tick before it grows sufficiently to lay eggs. For a small herd be could also apply with brush or sponge a tick cffestioylng wash or oil, such a- crude petroleum, tick oil, cotton seed oil .and kerosene mixed equal parts; lard and kerosene mixed equal parts or other disinfectant. Spraying these oils, disinfectants, and stock dips or what is cheapest, arsenic solution, upon the rattle .see ing that all parts of their skin is thoroughly dampened, is also practi- he was being put on the "blink," for (a i for email herds. Ooo on improvements. During ►ame period only three «»f the ro.u included paid dividends, the- tota amounting $24,164,000. 'I he ♦ xpen Cfitures for improvements, as compi! #0 l>\ ■ '• Alanuf -« tU'ers R* ' <•!(!. elude $55,24J.0(mi for Norfolk «v We" tern. $20,910,000 foi 'Frisco. $H.oss 00(* tor aboard Xir Line. $tJ» 736.*"t for FJo’e East <*i»hM. $6.9M.*'0" Carolina. Ciinclilield a- Ohio, aim than $2,000,000 each for three loaut. 1 year in s< iemifie management as part i be reviewed at a hearing at which I of the second year work in the Amos i testimony will be heard. There is no j Tuck School of Administration and doubt that the recent decline in stocks. Finance. At their last Ineeting the | more especially of rails, is due to the trustees of the college appointed Pro- i impending valuation of these prop- j l’essor Henry W Shelton. Yale '04. to ! erties. The railroads d«» not consider I the faculty and be will conduct the I that fair valuation can tints be placed j •*° ° x •■■our <• in the a pplieat ion of seion- upon their properties. Many elements j noO.tMMt. t«*t the Emperor’s war rhest. tifi< mai .iK<*ii!"iii i»» manufc iuriiu: j entered into the-construction of rail- j is not vet apparent. The bank re- Whence Will Come German War Hoard? Reichsbank Has Amassed Huge Sum in Gold, but Hardly Enough for Kaiser’s Demands. Where will the German Govern ment procure the 12.000.000 marks of gold coin which, it is announced, is to be added as "war treasure" to the similar amount of 12.ooo.ooo marks taken from the French indemnity payment after 1871. and locked up snu i then in the castle of Spandau . The Berlin Tageblatt answers the question, after pointing out that Im perial Treasury bonds will be issued in payment: "How is the gold to be obtained? It must either be withdrawn from the Reichsbank or from circulation It is not possible for the Reichsbank to hand over so much. It is known that the gold currency is more im- portant in Germany than in othei countries, and the Reichsbank for a i onsidernble titn • bus been endeaxor- .ng to iittract gold from Circulation to the bank, first of all by the issue of banknotes, especially of smaller banknotes, and also by increasing the amount of silver in circulation. "The efforts of the Reichsbank have been su . essful. At present the re turn is marly’ 200.000.000 marks more unfavorable than at this time last Near, bit, the gold has increased by almost F0.000,000 n arks. The Retchs- b.ink hopes to have concentrated ir its vaults about one milliard mark* in gold in May of this year, which would be a record amount." Whether this is enough to provide ; 12.000.1'OO marks, or $30 - WASHINGTON, May 2 Statistic- of the rice cleaning and polishing in dustry’ of the United States for the year 1909 are given in a bulletin soon to be issued by Director Durand, Bu reau of the Census. Department of Commerce. It was prepared under the direction of William M. Steuart, chief .-tat’stician for manufactures. In 1909 there were 71 establishments engaged In (‘leaning and polishing rice. In these establishments 1,777 persons were employed, 1.239 being wage earners. The value of products was $22,371,457. but the value added by manufacture was only $2,879,377, the cost of materials being equal to 87.2 per cent of the total value of products. ' In 1909 Louisiana reported 56 per cent of the total value of products, and Texas 36.4 per cent, leaving only 7.6 per cent for all other States com bined. These two States employed 90.6 per cent of the average number of wage earners. Louisiana reported 65.7 per cent of the total value of products in 1899. South Carolina 11.2 per cent, while Texas, with one es tablishment. was included under "All other States.” Between 1899 and 1900 there was considerable change in the relative importance of the different States In ihe industry. The number of estab lishments in Georgia. North Carolina, and South Carolina decreased greatly, while Alabama, California, Florida, Mississippi and New York, each of which reported one or more estab lishments in 1899. returned none in 1909. The number of establishments in Texas increased from one in 1899 to 19 in 1909 and Arkansas, which had none in 1899, had 5 establishments in 1909. This shift in the industry was due to the very/ general abandonment of rice growing on the lowlands near the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and to its introduction with irrigation on the level prairie lands of Louisiana. Tex as and Arkansas, where machinery can oe used in planting and har vesting. The proportion of clean rice ob tained varies considerably in differ ent States. In Arkansas the pro portion in 1909 was 62.7 per cent; in Louisiana. 65.1 per cent: in South Carolina, 55.1 per cent; in Texas, 63.5. per cent, and in Washington. 90.4 per cent. The rice treated in Washing ton, however, was imported hulled rice, and the rice was not polished by the mills, the only substance re moved being the bran. The propor tions of clean rice for the several States in 1904 were as follows: Louisiana, 62.2 percent: South Caro lina. 62.4 per rent; Texas. *62.4 per cent, and Washington, 90.5 per cent. Estimates Expense of General War -I Paris Statistician Say European Conflict Would Cost Close to $55,000,000 Per Day. If war were actually to break? out when Austria and Servia were quar relling, and if Germany, England. France. Russia. Italy. Austria, and Rumania were > have been drawn in. what would it have cost” Dr. Charles Riehet, a statistician of the University of Paris, has published detailed and elaborate estimates. From them he concludes that the dai ly expense of the actual campaign would be something like $55,000,000 per day. He bastes his estimate on the as sumption that, roughly, twenty mil lion men would be called to arms, of whom at least half would be sent to the front. On this basis, he works out the daily expenditure for the seven Powers, as follows—the figures being here rendered into dollars: that is about what happens when he receives a deluge of the arsenic so lution -n the "dip." For a long tjme the Margaropus Annulatus—none other than the cattle tick—gorged and gorged good blood of Southern cattle, but at last a scien tific sleuth trapped and convicted him of cattle raiding computing his outrages at millions and millions of dollars a year. Forthwith the federal authorities located the van of the tick s far flung lines, set up a quarantine and stopped crossing from jnfected to uninfected territory until a clean bill of health was shown. It was discovered that the tick had fixed itself upon the cat tle industry of th;* South and South west. that cattle reared in uninfected territory when taken into infected territorv Lied when the tick got In its work. lit deed ho (‘attic tick fever is to the cow wnet yellow fever is to mail. Farmers Do Not Appreciate Damage. \ CURIOUS feature about it is that *■* the Southern farmers did not know that the cattle tick had any thing to do with the development of theii herds. In fact, a great many Southern farmers to-day will hoo. the claims that the cattle tick amounts to anything, averring that it is ali a fuss about nothing. The *xplanation is that Southern born and reared cattle receive a touch of the tick fev- r very early in life with comparatively slight effect, but enough to make ’hem immune from .serious effects a:leewards. Though Southern cattle Unis early go through the tick ordeal, as a matter of fact, they arc never afterwards what they might have been. Their growth is permanently stunted. They are, in fact, predestined bovine failures. The Southern farmer faces his poor cattle with an "Oil. well the South i* s no place to gro«.\ them!" He has been placing the. nlame on the coun try and climate when it belonged to him. Every intelligent farmer now know? that the South is a territory suited to (attic growing-, ndeed. wonderfully- adapted to it-Mne tick, of course, eliminated as a factor. The long grazing season, .iie great variety of crops maturing at desirable intervals, the possibility of double cropping, the generally favorable climatic condi tions. have all been made to show prime beef and dairy results where the tick has been driven out. How Tick Does Damage. THE barges against the cattle tick ■* haw been web briefed by Di. \V. M. Burson. professor of Veterinary Science of the Georgia State College of Agriculture in the following way: 1— Sucks blood thereby causing b>s« of vitality . 2— Stunts the growth of calves. 3— —Lessens milk production. 4— Increases expense of fattening attle. Interferes with the improvement of breeds. 6— Causes commercial damage to hides'. 7— Restricts commerce in cattle. 8— Lowers the market value of cat tle in tick infested territory. 9— Causes death of many cattle. 10— Prevents to a large extent the proper use of cotton seed mea! there by reducing soil fertility. 11— Prevents the exhibition of Southern cattle at northern fairs and stock shows. 12— Prevents sale of breeding and feeding cattle to northern farmers. How to Eradicate the Tick. T HE two general methods of eradi cating the tick are pasture rota tion and spraying or dipping w ith ar senic solution. If one had only a small herd and time he could resort to hand picking and currying being But the most effective and the practical way for large herds is the "dip." It is the most economical for a community that is willing to co-operate in its construction, and is adapted to the treatment of a large number of cattle. The "dip' consists of passing the cattle through, a vat full of tick destroying liquid, the liquid being so deep that when the animal is forced to plunge into it, complete immersion is the conse quence. . Concrete is generally used in the construction of the dipping vats and plans and specifications for their con struction can be had from any col lege of agriculture, from the Depart ment of Animal Husbandry of the United States Bureau of Agriculture, from industrial departments of rai 1 - roads. etc. In the South much interest has been taken by railroads and cotton seed crushers interested in fostering the cattle industry, and at their own expense, community dips have been constructed for the benefit of any farmer who would joip the crusade against the tick. The arsenic solutioh which has giv en such excellent results-and is most then begin in ten days and continue for a period of five months. From 19 to 188 days after the eggs have been laid, they begin to hatch. The small seed tick may live eight months after hatching. After hatching they fasten themselves to the nearest veg etation and attach themselves to cat tle as they pass by of* when they lie down. As soon as a seed tick attaches it self to a cow’ it begins to draw blood and to grow. It molts twice and may mate, mature and drop to the ground in from one to three months. Thousands of Isolated Farms Free of Ticks. THK quarantine line established by 1 the Federal Government does not mean by any means that all territory south of the line is infested with ticks. As a matter of fact whole counties below the quarantine line have been clean of ticks and hold a clean hill of health to this effect from Federal inspectors. Wherever a pro gressive farmer has taken the pains, he has been able to eradicate the tick from his farm without trouble and much to his profit in increasing the development of his live stock business. For n long time the Southern States did not support the Federal Govern ment in its efforts to eradicate this cattle pest. But now most Southern States have entered heartily into the fight and have established intra-State regulations as stringent as any that the Federal Government ever estab lished in protection of the cattle in dustry n< rth of the line. A great deal of fuss lias been en countered within the States and no small opposition. In fact, at time®. generally used in .lipping vats, .-an j, would appear ihat the worthy oru- be made from the following formula: sodium carbonate (sal sodaY 24 pounds: arsenic trioxid (white arsen ic). 8 pounds; pine tar. one gallon; water sufficient to make 500 galions. To prepare this mixture for use. 25 gallons of water are brought to a boil, the sal soda is added and stirred till it dissolves. The arsenic is ad ded and again stirred until it In turn dissolves. The solution is then al lowed to cool to '40 degrees fahren- heit. One pound of concentrated lye is dissolved in or.e quart of water and stirred into the pine tar. The pine tar is then added slowly in a thin stream to the solution of soda and arsenic, the whole being stirred thoroughly. The volume is then in creased by the addition of water to make the total 50 gallops. This 50 sade would have to fall back from gained ground and give up hope, but good advice has prevailed and prac- lically all that has been won has been held. The meaning <f it’all is that the man who will permit his cattle to be infested with ticks will have to stand to lose market for them. At least his market will • • so constricted by reason >f quarantine measures as at. times to amount to no market at all. He must get rid of the ticks if he Is going to stay in the cattle raising business. Such is about the signifi cance of the Georgia .State law* which is one -.f the strictest and therefore one that is accomplishing most and putting Georgia more rapidly on the cattle growing map than others. Each year the number of kickers gallons of substance is known as against cattle ib a angulations become "stock” ^qlution. in this condition it is entirely too strong for applica tion. Previous to use it must be di luted with water at the rate of nine gallons of water to one gallon of "stock” solution. Arsenic is. of course, a deadly poison and care must be exercised in handling it. Cattle should be water ed before dipping and should be al lowed to drip off throughly In the dripping pen to make sure that none will drip off on grass or pasture and be eaten by cattle. When the liquid has become too foul for further use. it should be drained off into a pit where it will not run out on pasture land or find access to the water sup ply. A single dipping of a cow. of coins* destroys all ticks on the ani mal at the time. Other ticks might crawl on her the next day and if they are allowed to remain there long enough would develop and be ready to perpetuate the race of ticks. Until the ticks have been completely eradicated it is, therefore, necessary to put the cattle through the dipping- vat about every two weeks. How Ticks Reproduce. O BSERVATIONS made by govern ment experts concerning the hab its of the cattle tick reveal that ticks average from 350 to over 5.000 eggs, the average being nearer 3,000. These eggs are laid in greatest abundance in November with January and Februa ry next in order. The incubation period varies greatly from 19 to 188 days with October and February as hatching periods. The tick’s long est life time as observed by scien tists is 249 days. The life history of the cattle tick may start with the female tick after reaching its full development on a cow. It then drops to the ground and immediately hunts a hiding place on moist earth under litter that will protect her from the sun and her sure to lemove once a week every numerous enemies. Egg laying may Provisioning of troops . . . . $3 2,500,000 Feeding of horses .*. 1,000.000 Pay 4.250,000 Wages, arsenals, and har bors l .ooo.ooo Mobilization Transporl of foodstuffs. 2,000,000 weapon*, etc A mmunition— 4,000,000 Infantry 4.000.000 Artillery 3.250,000 Ship . rtillery 3 75,000 Fitting cut of >:my 4,000,000 Ambulance service 500.000 Movement of ships 500,000 Deficit in taxes 10,000,000 Support for population without means Requisition*, damage to towns, bridges, etc. .... 6.750,000 2,000,000 rebandixing In taking this rtmouth perhaps beeom**:; the lege t*> offer a course in the System. ' loads ;m the e«rl\ davs vvlu u pioneer ! sarded its own co d n serve as nan* work had t*> he done which a physieal j too strong 1 yenr ago. tnd ii now v aluation made to-day might not re- ? 'Ids less : ian $18,000,000 in exec s fleet. J oi April, 1912. I Total $54,125,000 IY such a war lasted only as long as the brief Franco-Prussian conflict of 1870; the outlay on this basis would ixeril 85.000.000,0(10 irrespective of war indtmnities. NO EXTENSIVE FINANCING. Frederick J. Lisman. a director of the Alabama. Tennessee «<- Northern Railroad, says the merger of the To:n- bigbee Valley Railroad and the Mo bile Terminal & Railway Vo. with the former company, represents the extension of the Alabama. Tennessee A \ loo miles of line anu involves own ership of valuable terminal property uj Mobile, Including a large front age on tiie harli.-r. Present needs do not call for larg financing, and the only thing in this line that will be don- at the present is ;n issue of $1.ooo.don in bonds, which already have heen taken tip. Ultimately, of course, ihr development of the Mo- I bile terminal wi l be attempted upon | an extensive *calc. Business Is Above Spring 1912 Level Great Lakes and Pacific Coast Regions Fare Best: the South east Lags Behind. "The best business conditions are still in the States touching the great lakes and on the Pacific Coast. The poorest conditions are in the South eastern States, not including Florida, and in the recently flooded districts. The average of all business is far above the situation at this time >n 1932," says the Fulton National Bank in its April trade letter. "With business generally so active and money so well employed that none is available for the financing of new concerns or for stock exchan.,e operations, there should be little room for complaint in manufacturing and mercantile lines. Prospective tariff reduction is holding back some lines but the total volume of business s far above the average for this season. Some decline in imports and in man ufactures will be apparent until the tariff bill has been di spewed of. If the matter is properly (handled Congress, there need be no upsetting of business and the effect of such tar iff reduction as may he made wi:l soon be dissipated in the increasing business which will naturally result. Approximately one-third »*f the cotton, one-fourth of the corn, ano one-third of the oats an tti the ground. To" much water in the Southeast a lid Northwest has de layed planting ami a considerable part of the recently flooded district is not yet in shape to plant. "The average price of all commodi ties has steadily decreased since De cember and is now only a shade high er than It was a year ago. Low prices for all foodstuff's except meats and lower pig iron quotations helped r * bring down the average. Present prices on staple crops average 25 per cent lower than a year ago, 3.7 per cent lower than two years ag.> and 3 8 per cent lower than three years ago. "Bonds average 5 points below a year ago and stocks average 15 points below the quotations at this time last year. So far for April, the Exchange has been more active and trading for the month should show a considera ble increase over March but will hardly equal April of last year." .smaller The kickers have "come across." joined the ranks of those who have eradicated the tick and have become th** most exacting in their demands that the law be en forced upon the other fellow. The \eterinavy department of Georgia de serves much credit for the rapidly growing area it is wresting from the lick. If the farmer of Georgia would co-operate, the cattle tick could be eradicated from the State in two years. The Georgia farmer with his excellent Georgia market for his products could quarantine against all other Southern territorv* not free from ticks and feel a great impetus in live stocK growing. There is nothing else in Georgia in the way of developing a cattle in dustry *u a vast scale than the tick. The same may be said of any other Southern State which has been af flicted with the trouble. The eradication of the tick is a direct contribution of science to the welfare of the farmer. Had the hab its and harm of the tick not been discovereo through scientific research, the South' migh. have gone on for ever as a failure at cattle raising without ever suspecting the correct reason. Stock Raisers Do Not Fear Tick. A FEW years ago no Northern stock raiser would have thought of moving Ills herd to the South be cause he believed that it mean cer tain death for his cattle from tick fever. Now, however, with full knowledge <»f how to eradicate the tick and keep cattle free from it, stockmen everywhere recognize no drawback in the South to cattle rais ing. An incident of this can be found at Kensington, Georgia, in Walker County, where iast fall one of the most noted -Jersey herds of the coun try was brought from New Hamp shire and is now being very success fully used to conduct an immense dairy business. In passing it is well worth mentioning, that Mr. Dow who is in charge and a recognized rattle expert, claims *hat the South has great opportunities and advantages for dairving and live stock growing. ' He is, in. fact, enthusiastic over con ditions as he has found them Not a few farmers, stock dealers and business men are now buying cattle in the West or in parts of the South unaffected by the tick, in order that they may feed for a eea- son and sell in the market. Depend ing upon the sources of feed from which they have drawn they have succeeded. None of them have had to contend with the tick, for thev have gor.c about the tick eradicating in a business like way. These are cplv examples or slight ullffitlnr k .ihiii. r»-. Vi MONEY SCARCE IN FRANCE. indications ef possibilities When farmers go into live stock raising In the tick Infested regions raise their „ „ herds and fatten them for th« PA R1S. May 3.—"Scarcity of cur- market, from beginning to end keep ing the tick out of the proposition, they will find far greater advantages^ than many of them now think. rency” is a common complaint, even among individuals in their daily af fairs. Many of- tin m find difficulty in getting thq* gold coins which they want for their ordinary needs. The Bank of France is giving less gold than ever to ordinary banks for pay ments at their wickets, and the heavy five-franc silver pieces still have to I be*accepted. A foreign bank, whose tourist customers insist on having gold, has lately been sending out its men to waylay bank runners and buy up the gold they have collected in their morning route at a premium of 75 centimes per 1.000 francs—just enough, as one runner informed me. to pay his lunch. Another told me that out of 10.000 francs he had col lected, no had only 60 francs in gold j all of which show " that everybody, j including Bank <*f France and little j tradesmen together, is "hoarding." Thar is. everybody with money is waiting. ' IVIOMEY LOANED TO SALARIED MEN AT LAWFUL RATES ON PROMISSORY NOTES Without Endorsement Without Collateral Security Without Real Estate Security NATIONAL DISCOUNT CO. 121 J..12 FotMh Mntionr! Rnn’t Blrfg.