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TTEARST’S SUNDAY AMERICAN. ATLANTA, 0A„ SUNDAY, MAY 11. 1913.
Feeding Soil Bacteria Most Profitable
Practice Possible for Modern and
Progressive Southern Fanner
rj'LLA WMKKLER WIL-
J—' Cox. who wah introduced
«t the English Court last week.
King Edward was fond of her
poet ry.
(Jreatest Modem Discovery of Agricultural Scienct
Increasing Size and Standard of Crops of
Methods of Inoculation and Use Fullv
By CHARLES A WHITTLE. ~
Georgia State College of Agriculture.
Immense 1 Id)
Every Variety.
I tescribed.
> in
How tc feed bacteria and encour
age their development is the biggest
issue of modern agriculture. Via bac
teria plants Ret much of their im
portant food, and via the plant we
live. Our Invisible friends of the soil
world are middlemen In the cycle of
food preparation. If they thrive we
thrive If the\ suffer we suffer.
Where they die we can not live.
Not until the last few years have
we come to learn of our dependence
upon soil bacteria and their depend
ence upon us in the practice of agri
culture. Science has opened our eyes
ahd defined to some extent a compli
cated and confusing microscopical
world, revealing very wonderful
things, the use of which will prove of
vast benefit to agriculture.
The iiscovery of nitrogen-fixing
bacteria was epochal. Subsequent dis
coveries of how to feed and energize
them mean more than any invention,
any legislation or any plant propaga
tion affecting soil husbandry ever con
ceived. And yet there Is still much to
be discovered as to how many kinds
of bacteria fix nitrogen and convert it
in'o form suited to plaift food and
hr.w to foster their growth and pro
tect them from natural enemies and
adverse conditions.
When we buy nitrates from Chile
we pay dearly for It, and if we con-
tjr me to depend upon this sole eom-
mercial deposit disaster awaits us. In
tiu air is plenty of nitrogen. With a
lot of electricity and lime, manufac
turing enterprise is attempting to ar
ea-t it from the air on a commercial
basis, and In this they may succeed,
but by the bacterial process it can be
transferred from the air to the soil at
m> cost w hatever; indeed, at a profit
not only from a crop that favors the
growth of the bacteria, but also the
profit that comes of permanent im-
^jyivement of the soil.
Feed on Organic Matter.
^ErRacteria can not live on inorganic
dust. They must have organic mat
ter. Turn under vegetable matter and
Mr Bacterium will feast, swell up
and pop off into another bacterium,
which in turn pops off into another,
and -o on. rapidly ad infinitum, every
last one of them busy attacking vege
table matter and transforming it into
a combination suitable for plant food.
It is great business. The* fertilizer
factories are not Jn their class. As
fanners’ helpers they are always
ready and willing to manufacture
plant food for their board—and what
they eat is a small friction of what
they produce. Indeed, what they use
Ip most often what man can no longer
use
So it is that soil is dead, weak or
active to the extent that the bacteria
have been cut short or fed their nat
ural provender of organic matter, or
in some other way made inactive.
Blunts are not c annibals. They can
n it fe ed upon eac h other. No mat
ter l ow much vegetable* matter is put
into the soil, if bac teria are not there
to ferment or rot it. the vegetable
matter would never become available
as food for growing plants.
J. Divorak. of Germany, recently
revealed some Interesting facts show
ing to what extent nitrogen-fixing
bacteria prefer diffe rent forms of veg
etable' matter. The older the vegeta
ble matte r the les• adapted to the nu
trition of the bacteria, but green
stuff. 1 and to a leaser degree roots
and straw, which are easily changed
\by water into forms adapted to con
sumption. are preferred.
Green Stuffs Best.
# Green stuffs arc* best because the*
carbohydrates and nitrogen are there
Co and in most favorable proportions,
and also because the carbohydrates
are in the form most easily trans
formed. Green manuring not only in-
errus*** bacteria, but it raises the
temperature of the soil, sets off a
greater amount of carbon dioxide*,
which in turn neatest a porosity of
♦ he soil unci admits water for a better
disintegration of insoluble phosphutes
end silicates.
To what extent and how rapidly
bacteria absorb and convert nitrogen
into plant food is. of course, a very
important consideration. The' same
authority has found, by experiments,
that nitrogen in the form of ammonia
sulphate readily absorbed,
that sodium nitrate is absorbed about
like calcium nitrate, that the absorp
tion of nitrogen is less active in an
acid soil and that the amount of car
bon dioxide produced is an Index To
the bacterial absorption of the soil.
Boil sickness, believed to be due to
reduced bacterial action, can be cured
bv sterilization. Some have believed
♦ hat there were »1« nitrifying bacteria
frr the »oil that brought out soil sick
ness. but this seems to have been dis
proved by Russel and Golding, of
England. Other organic life larger
Hum bacteria is held responsible by
these authorities In the case of .1
sewerage sick soil. There they found
protozoa prevalent. When they ster
ilized or partially sterilaed the soil
these protozoa or hindering fac tors,
whatever they were, disappeared, or
were destroyed. Bacteria were then
able to multiply ten times their for
mer numbers in the soil.
Exposure to a temperature of 96 to
degrees for two hours not only
k|Hed the protozoa or hindering cause,
but also harmful parasitic organisms,
affected a certain amount of decom
position thus assisting the bacteria
in their subsequent work of trans
forming it, and developed as a sec
ondary consideration a large numbe r
ol fibrous roots. A temperature of
degrees for three hours serves th*
time purpose, except for the forma
tion <>f the fibrous roots.
Antiseptic Destroys Factors.
^ The same authorities have discov
ered that an antiseptic such as toluene
will also destroy the hindering fac
tors. indicating that, whatever they
may be. they are biological.
Lodge and Smith, of the Massachu
setts Experiment Station, assert that
it is not the protozoa that is the lim
iting factor, for they have taken care
to eliminate the protozoa from th?ir
tests, and in spite of that obtained
different results, due, as they claim,
to the presence of a greater amount
of organic matter in one than the
other, the organic matter, of course,
favoring the development of the bac
teria.
. G. C. Given found that nitrification
was twice as-rapid in soil sterilized
and then reinocculated as in soil
which had not been sterilized.
While admitting the benefit to the
•• ttha nlsnt hv 11 /.ha
soil, Soaver and dark call attention
to the fact that heating soils tends
to increase the growth of harmful
fungi.
Which are the bac terial Inhabitants
in the underworld .that produce nitro
gen and what else happens when they
do their work in the way of chemical
changes j.s. of course, an important
consideration. Many keen scientlfl
minds have been on the trail for sev
eral years. Here a bit and there a bit
of evidence has been picked up. One
kind of bacteria and then another
has been isolated and found to tlx
nitrogen.
Numbers Increasing.
They need not be mentioned here,
but it may be said that as observa
tions continue the number increases
McBeth and Scales, of the Bureau of
Plant Industry of the United Stat •«,
have recently succeeded in isolating
and defining some of these baiter 1 »,
and particularly to have proved that
gaseous products hitherto attributed
to nitrogen fixing bacteria are really
the work of other bacteria—a discov
ery that may not seem here nor the v o
to the lay mind, but may be potential
of great things when further discov
eries are made.
A. Fousek finds that Streptothflx
converts nitrates to nitrites without
denitrification- which statement may
need some explanation for the* lay
man. Nitrates are, of course, Just
the form that plants require. To
change* to nitrites would mean to
make it unavailable for plant fond.
But to change it to nitrites is hotter
than to denitrify it, that is. to turn
it loose into the air. This bacte
rium would not be friendly to plant
growth at all were It not for its gen
eral assimilative ability. Besides ni
trates, i( assimilates ammonium
compounds, urea and uric acid. To
catch ammonia and fix it is Impor
tant, for this has a strong disposi
tion to escape. Tnis bacterium,
therefore, prevents denitirifleation
and holds in the soil a compound
that can be converted into plant food
when another class of bac teria be
come active* and can change nitrites
Into nitrates. It can be readily seen
that this bacterium might have* been
classed as harmful and put out of
the way by antiseptics or steriliza
tion if the important facts about its
good as well as Its bad habits had not
been learned. As it Is. this micro
organism which constitutes 20 to 30
per cent of micro-organisms in loam
soils, 8 to 15 per cent in clay soils
and 7 to 10 per cent in sandy soils,
will find encouragement. It not only
thrives in fallow soils, but grows on
the roots of a very great variety of
plants.
Increase Due to Fat Removal.
R. Greig-Smlth thinks that in
creased bacterial activity in soils
after antiseptics have been applied is
duo to the removal of fatty protec
tive coverings of soil particles.
To set one class of bacteria after
another and check some of their
harmful or wasteful habits Is, of
course, one of the greatest move
ments of science to-day, whether it
be in the medical world or the agri
cultural world. One instance recently
coming to attention may be men
tioned. Barthel and Rhodin, by us
ing lactic add ferment upon the ma
nure heap which was losing ammo
nia by the action,of certain bacteria
bufy therein, succeeded in conserv
ing the ammonia and provbd that the
fertilizing efficiency of the manure
was maintained f»9 per cent higher
than the manure that was untreated.
It was simply setting one set of bac
teria to work to offset a part of the
work of another. The results have
demonstrated something worth while.
Bacteria Don’t Like Sour Soils.
When clover, peas, velvet beans, al
falfa or other legumes are not doing
as well as the soil fertility would indi
cate that thev should, usually the rea
son can he found by testing the soil
for acidity or sourness. If the soil is
sour, the bacteria that s* t up shop on
the roots of these plants to manufac
ture nitrates from the air, close doors
and cease business*. No vinegar with
theirs. The acidity mud be neutral
ized—that Is, corrected, and the soil
made sweet before the farmer’s best
friend nitrogen fixing bacteria—will
begin the manufacture of fertilizer.
Lime is the "sweetening.” It must
be put on in large or small amounts,
depending upon the sourness. Lime
in lhe carbonate form just plain,
pulverized limestone, marble, marl,
shells or other substance containing
a high per cent of lime- serves the
purpose and will maintain a sweet
ness for several years
With this corrective dose, the bac
teria get busy around the roots of the
legumes. Their tiny factories can is*
easily seen. They are called nodule.'* 1 ,
in other words, swollen places. These
are store houses as well as operating
centers 'for the bacteria that some
how extract from the air some of its
nitrogen. They carry it to the roots,
rather flx it there, aiding the growing
plant to which it adheres, by feeding
it with tin* nitrogenous fertilizer. It
is a bountiful provider and leaves
pome on the roots to permanently en
rich the soil.
Th© Practical Benefit to the Farmer.
Without Knowing that there were
bacteria in the soil calling for organic
matter for food, the farmer learned
that turning vegetable matter under
improved tike fertility. Without know
ing that bacteria would not thrive in
sour soil, the farmer learned that lime
was good for his land. Without know
ing that bacteria had anything to do
with It, the farmer learned that le
gumes and rotations helped the soil.
The practical benefit‘to many farm
ers who haye been using green ma-
nures.vwho have been using lime on
the soils and who have been growing
legumes and rotating ( rope, is not us
great as for those who have never
practiced these things, but even the
progressive farmer who lias received
benefits in these ways now knows how
lie can receive greater help. By know
ing something of the nature of his
bacterial friends, he has learned how
to feed them better than formerly, to
get larger crop returns. 1-fe knows
better what to put down into the soil,
that greater returnp may be sent up
by his invisible army of farm helpers.
All the while more and more is be
ing learned of the bacterial world and
more and more will be ascertained as
to how the farmer can better employ
his bacterial workers to 'fatten his
purse.
NEW COTTON PEST •
CAUSE OF BAN ON
ALL FOREIGN SEED
quar-
weevil and
WASHINGTON, Mfty 10.—Impor- I
tation of cotton seed will be forbidden !
by the United States after May 20. i
Experiments with Egyptian seed
will have to cease.
Seed from Egypt. Sierra Leone,
Southern Nigeria, German East Af
rica and other cotton growing sec
tions of the Dark Continent and seed
from Hawaii, the Philippines, India
and Peru will be denied entrance to
the United States. This, in effect,
bars all foreign cotton seed, as no
varieties of cotton more valuable
than the native staple exist olse-
w here.
The pink boll worm, the Peruvian
cotton square weevil and tin* boll
weevils of East Africa and the Phil
ippines are the reasons for tht
antine.
With the Mexican boll
the native boll worm already doing j
incalculable damage in the United j
States, the department feels that the
American cotton farmer has enough I
to fight. It believes that the danger j
from new cotton pests would offset j
any Improvement in the grade to be 1
obtained by 'importation of new va
rieties.
THE NEWEST COTTON ENEMY. I
The pink boll worm is the newest j
aqd most insidious enemy of cotton 1
discovered. It infests Egypt, Sierra J
Leone, Southern Nigeria and other
portions of Africa, as well as Hawaii
and India.
India, the only one of the affected
nations which has statistics of dam
age caused by it to offer, charges!
against the tiny pink worm a damage
of $4,000,000 per ye.r.
It i> particularly dangerous because
it will remain dormant in the cotton J
seed for six or seven months. Live j
worms and pupae have been found |
in cotton seed after it had passed
through the gin.
It causes premature opening of the
boll, rotting and soiling of the lint.
It causes many bolls to drop off. and
destroys much see ..
Under such circumstances it would
be practically impossible for tin* ex
perts of the department to fumigate
seed well enough to kill tba larvae, so
the department acted quickly and at I
once forbade the introduction of the
seed into the United States. Owing]
to the difficulty of fighting the pi
the quarantine probablyy will be p
petual.
ONE SHIPMENT CAUGHT.
allowed to come into the United
States, unless the Government was
allowed to fumigate It. This permis
sion was readily given.
The .voting larva of the pink boll
worm is at first dirty white, becoming
desli colored, suffused with pink in
the back at a later stage. Each seg
ment then bears two darker pink
dorsal transverse bars, followed* by
two pinkish spots on the lateral por
tion. each spot bearing a single short
hair. The perfect insect has golden
brown forewings sprinkled with dark
brown scales, and the hind wings are
dark gray with a continuous fringe.
GROWERS MUST BEWARE.
The Department of Agriculture has
as yet no knowledge of the presence
of this* pest in the United States, hut
cotton growers are advised to be on
the lookout, as shipments of seed j
which have come into this country as
long ago as twelve months, might still
contain living larvae.
In its operation the larva enters
the large bolls when Qiey are more
than hair ripened, the « ggMieing, prob-,
ably, though not certainly, laid on t'ao j
boll itself The hole by which thoj
larva enters is usually so email that!
it is inconspicuous, and ov* n when I
contains a full grown pink worm, the!
passage of entry is often impossible
to find, owing to the wound having)
The larva feeds upon the unripe
e» d in the boll, eating out the whplej
if the interior of thtv-s, ed and leaving!
he shed filled with excrement, It
>asses from one seed to another,
isuall.v only destroying the seed in
•ne cell of the boil. It forms a cocoon
n the interior of the seed, in which
t remains dormant for months. In
larvae leave
eat out new
upate about tl
0 are at least
;heir first
cells* in
le middle
two gen -
*rat
and
No
time
the
t hi
At t
andri advise
riculture of
nection with thi
informed the dr;
inent of seed l
from Egypt to .
for experiment a
partmem at on
sJsrn*i« that Lht
Consul at Alex-
epartment of Ag-
scoveries in con-
nk boll worm he
ment that a ship-
en
nt in Mis
would not be 1 seed.
HAS SOME PARASITES.
The only enemies of which the de-
art men t has record are found in
ierra l.eonc and Southern Nigeria
in Hawaii. In the firet-named
ons an •insect nas been observed
ing the opening of the bolls and
ing the juices from the body of
>ink boll worm.
record is given of the amount of
damage caused by the pink boll worm
in Egypt or Hawaii, but it is esti
mated that it causes a loss of $4,000.-
uoo a year in the cotton-grow ih.a sec
tions of India.
Inciden’allv, the quarantine will
orevail also a gain >t the Peruvian Cot
ton Square Weevil, the O^rirtun-Ea&t
African cotton boll weevil, and the
Philippines cotton boll weevil. In
•diort. the actual effect of the depart
ments order will be to establish a
quarantine against allAforeign cotton
>Back in Realty Game
Gees Captain Petty
Veteran Dealer Says Atlanta Is Best
Field After All—Talks of Farm
Prospects.
M. Potty, for over a decade
well known in Atlanta real estate
circles and who decided some time
ago to make Albany his home, has re
considered and opened up a real es
tate office in Atlanta. He is located
at 125 North Pryor Street.
Captain Petty is best remembered
as a partner for several years in the
realty firm of Grant & Petty. He
became Interested to such an extent
In Southwest Georgia farms that he
was convinced that Albany would
be the field to carry on his land
operations; but other considerations
prevailed, and Captain Petty finds
himself ptilj in Atlanta, and he be
lieves he can handle farm propositions
as well from tin* Gate City as any
where. Local real estate will also
be given attention.
"The lower half of Georgia is jus;
beginning to come into its own,” de
clared Captain Petty. "The profits
In pecan groves, vegetables and other
products are attracting many people
to the farm. Another great influence
will he the opening of the Panama
Canal, and 1 expect Georgia to de
rive as much benefit from this as
any other State in the Union."
SEVEN TiNiES WOMAN
GIVES SKIN FOR CURE
Special to The Sunday American.
BAR IS. May 10.—Mme. Maneuvrier,
living at Landrecb s. has seven times
allowed strips of skin to be taken
tgum her body and grafted on to her
sen-in-law. who was accidentally
burned and would otherwise have
died.
She was operated on without an
anaesthetic and at she end 01 the
seventh operation tainted. When she
recovered consciousness she said to
the surgeons: ‘ l am ready for anoth
<r operation if it is needed to save
my son-in-law’s life ”
HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS BOX,*
PROTECTED BY CAGES
Geese
Easily
Ca n Find Ready Market
Profitably and WHITEHALL WORK WAGNERIAN OPERA
Bred; Farmers HillF» WITH Jiff IS TOO DEEP FOR
ENGLISH SOCIETY
Very Little Trouble In Raising Them. Different
Breeds Offer Wide Range and
Many. Selections.
By JUDGE F. J. MARSHALL.
Ella Wheeler Wilcox
Meets King and Queen
American Authoress Presented at
British Court by Member of
Embassy Staff.
Special Cable to The American.
LONDON, May 10.—The King and
Queen held court at Buckingham Pal
ace Thursday evening. The American* 1
presented were Mrs. Ella Wheeler Wil
cox, tin* poetess; and Adrian Iselin
and Miss Louise Iselin, Mrs. Charies
Edward Greenough and Miss Helen
Marie Stuart, all of New York.
Mrs. Wilcox said afterward that she
was greatly impressed by the splendor
and particularly by the great pre
ponderance of youthful and beautiful
women.
The famous American authoress
arrived recently from North Africa
and found a note from the Ameri
can Embassy notifying her she
would be introduced to the King and
Queen at court May ’7. She imme
diately became busy, as she had not
a dress suitable for the occasion.
Fortunately her dressmaker was
working on an evening gown, so Mrs.
Wilcox telephoned her to alter it so
as to render it suitable for court
and to add the usual long train.
It Is said the King and Queen are
very fond of Mrs. Wilcox’s poetry
and it is known that King Edward
and Queen Alexandra were two of
her greatest admirers.
The breeding of good strains of
geese hus not been developed to any
extent in the'South. Upon any plan
tation of considerable sTze where there
Is running water and where grain *s
raised a good grade of geese can
be made profitable to their own?"
They are not only profitable as pro*
ducers of feathers, as of old, but they
are so large and fine in quality of
flesh that they will command good
prices in the markets. This is par
ticularly true during holiday and
Thanksgiving times. There are many
people who prize the flesh of a well-
laised goose for roasting more high
ly than they do that of any other
fowl. In history the.goose dates back
further than that of any other of our
domestic fowls. We have an account
where Rome was saved by the gease
of those days. From what we can
find out. it is but in recent years th it
we have had the benefits to be de
rived from the enlarged and im
proved varieties.
Six Breeds of Geese.
The American Standard of Perfec
tion recognizes and describes six
breeds of geese—the Toulouse, Emb-
den. African, Chinese, Canadian or
Wild, and Egyptian. Of the Chinese
there are two varieties—the brown
and white When it comes to profD ■
able market stock, the Toulouse s
used almost exclusively. The well-
bred Toulouse goose and gander are
so very nearly alike that no one short
of an expert can determine the sex.
They are fowls of mammoth propor
tions—so much larger than the tradi
tional "old gray goose that died” that
they would hardly be considered as of
the same family. The young Toulouse
go into the business as an exclusive
business upon a large scale until the
market has been coached and gotten
into belter shape. But the growing f
geese for home use and the local mar
kets for feathers, down and all the
rest that go with it is worth the un
dertaking.
Geese Easily Handled.
Geese are easily handled and need
but little provision in the vvpy of
houses or sheds for their shelter. In
fact, many of the best geese raising
farmers do not deem it of importance
to provide any shelter for them, ei
ther winter or summer, except shade
to protect them from the heat of the
sun. If they have good shade trees
or hedgerows, they need nothing ar
tifleial for their comfort.
The old practice of plucking live
geese in the northern sections of T>ur
country has about gone out of fash
ion, because it has come to be con
sidered as a cruel practice, especially
when it is done two or three times
during the year. In the South, how
ever, where the weather is hot for
many months, it can be practiced to
advantage and be a real comfort to
the goose plucked. This is best ac
complished once a year, just at the
time when the new' feathers have
made the start. Looking after the
fowls frequently, observing when
these new* feathers first show, then
the plucking can be done easily and
without any injury or discomfort to
the patient. Geese under two years
old should not be picked.
Blindfold Goose.
The easiest method Jo accomplish
the work is to draw’ an old thin
stocking over the head of the goose
to prevent its thrashing around to
get away; then hold the head and
neck firmly between the knees.
Plucking only the soft feathers from
the breast, back and abdomen, be
ing careful to remove the old and
gander should weigh 20 pounds and weII ripened feathers, not disturbing
the young goose 16 pounds while the lne new oneg or the pin feathers. In
mature fowls over 1 year oM snoalu i dressin g f or the market the goose is
■ i H *> tw in n >\i fru* thti irrtnnpr n n <1 , ■ t.t.
weigh 25 pounds for the gander and
20 for the goose. Just think what
roasts such specimens make! At the
prices they usually bring of 12 to 15
cents per pound alive and 15 to 20
cents dressed, they will net the own r
from $2 to $3 each—a price well worth
working for. They are. la body shape,
broad and very deep; in mature spec
imens the keel or breastbone almost
touches the ground.
Thighs Short and Stout.
The thighs and shanks are rather
short, but stout. A rather large, but
short, head; neck medium length
first given a good sharp blow upon
the back of the head with a small
club, and is then quickly stuck - in
the roof of the mouth with a sharp
killing knife. Which is similar to
ink erasing knife, with two sharp
sides to it. This incision in the mouth
severs a neck artery and penetrates
the brain. The fowl is hung up by
its feet until it has thoroughly bled,
which takes but a moment or two.
The head is then held firmly between
the knees while the left hand holds
both wings; the right hand soon re
Regrade Will Bring New Build
ings and Extension of Retail
District—$47,000 Job.
J* 0 *
Now that Whitehall regrading is
assured between Mitchell Street on
the north and Forsyth Street on the
south, substantial improvements
which have been contingent on it can
go ahead. Charles H. Black will erect
a $50,000 building at the southwest
corner of Whitehall Street and Trini
ty Avenue, on the old Trinity Church
site. Charles E. Currier will put up
i structure on Whitehall, and John
VV. Grant will build a $20,00.0 three-
story building just north of Mitchell
Street.
The street improvements and the
building improvements will have the
effect of extending the Whitehall
business district sharply southward,
to a point several blocks below' Trin
ity Avenue, which has been out of the
question with the present drop at
Trinity Avenue in the way of exten
sion.
There will be a fill of eight feet at
Brotherton Street and a cut of eight
feet at Trinity, which will make the
street nearly level for many blocks.
The south side has long desired this
improvement, and the people most vi
tally interested declare that the city
has done a great thing to guarantee
the work.
Action on the regrading proposition
came to a head Friday afternoon at
the City Hall when the Streets Com
mittee of Council decided that $30,000
should be appropriated for the job,
$17,000 having been guaranteed by
property owners whose land will be
affected. The work is to start not
later than October 1 and will, of
course, be completed long before the
arrival of the Shriners. Out of nine
voters in the Streets Committee only
one voted adversely to regrading.
Regradfbg of city streets in the
downtown districts is being given
more attention than ever before. The
w'ork on Ivy Street, the proposed re
grading of West Peachtree, which has
been • assured, and the regrading of
Whitehall will mean as much to the
city as any improvements mat could
be made. Peachtree Street is better
since the removal of the "hump” at
Baker Street, and this thoroughfare,
think a number of realty men, could
be Improved still more by cutting
down ten feet at the Aragon Hotel.
German Composer’s Work Has
Never Been Appreciated in
London at All.
with head carried rather erect. In moves the feather* putting them into
color they may be called a gray and ; » b ' ix °J\ bar ™‘' '“alV I
white The hack and front part of feathers, which are not retained. A
white. The back and front part or fgw fpa(hers on the tlps of (he wIngs
the breast a dark gray or brown, with . . .. , r .
the underpart of the breaat and body han't about the head are left on. The
a light gray, shading to almost white 'loan and hairs are shaved off with
under the tail. The shanks are an « sharp shoe knife All this is done
orange yellow i dr y- No raiding «*
Embden geese rank second in pop
ularity, being somewhat similar in
type to the Toulouse, but not quite
so heavy in btody, and general make
up. weighing from two to five pounds
less than the Toulouse. They art
Incision Sewed.
The entrails are then carefully
draw’n and the inside rinsed with ic**
water. The incision made lor this is
sewed up with a white string. The
wings are tied down snugly to the
pure white fh color throughout. The I body with a clean white cord. When
Chinese geese are small in size, but . the weather is warm of course they
; must be iced and kept cold until
i marketed. This is about the plan
are long drawn out in their propor
tions, having slim, erect bodies, very! . . . , „ , .
long and slim necks, gracefully arch- | > lsed W geese breeders for marketing
ed, carried very upright. The top of! 1 " a llmlted way - Gee ™ are easy t0
the head is surmounted by a largt.-
leathery appearing knob. The larger
and rounder the better. There L* a
pure white variety, and a brown va
riety. Identical in other ways.
African Goose.
The African goose is built some
what similar to the Chinese with a
knob on top of the head, but they are
a much larger and coarser variety,
with a thick bull neck so different
from the slim, racy neck of the Chi
nese. In color they are a brown,
over the back and the breast, with
the under part of the body a light
gray. The Egyptian is a small goose
resembling very m|ich a dwarfed, un
dersized Toulouse, colored with al
ternate patches of black, white and
brow n, but little bred and of leos im
portance. The Canadian or wild goose
needs no description for the sport
lover who has seen them upon the
lakes and ponds of this country for
years past. In late years, however,
they have become almost extinct, ex
cept as bred by some of the lovers of
the fancy in fowls in this country and
Canada.
Little Practical Use.
I11 fact, aside from the Toulouse.
Embden and African, the other breeds
• re of but little practical use. being
raise when once started. Like ducks,
the principal point in their case is to
keep them from getting wet during
the first tw'o weeks of their lives;
after that they can stand almost any
thing. Feed simple mashes three or
four times a day; allow them grass
or green stuff in abundance. When
once they begin to feather upon their
breasts they will ntand lots of rain
and are really able to look out for
themselves. Old geese are not good
for the table during hot weather, as
they usually lose flesh and become
stringy and flabby as hot weather
comes on.
Further Uses Seen
For Bleckley Plaza
Vehicles Now Using Whitehall and
Peachtree Should Park on It,
Says Realty Man.
News that the Bleckley Plaza plan
for bridging the railroad tracks in
^ the heart of town will be taken up
hi ed almost entirely for ornameniqi in the State Legislature in June has
purposes. Any farmer can be a sue- 1 , , * . 1 * . * . .
cessful producer, of geese; or. in other awake " ed a great df ' al of ' n ^*t ih
words, anyone with unlimited range project. The Whitehall regrade
of woodland and nasture, with pon is
or running water, can make good
money from geese, provided, however,
that he isses for his breeding stock
one of the heavy pure breeds—we
should say either th« Toulouse : .r
Embden. While the general farmer
can do well with thorn, 'the stock
raiser can be especially so. allowing
the flocks of geese to follow' the cat
tle and hogs over the range, grazing
and picking up grain that might oth
erwise be lost. Geese do much better
in grass pastures with but little grain
thaji they can possibly do confined to
small yards and grain fed. In fa.pt.
the person who would make a real
success in raising them for -the mar
kets must not attempt it by the back- j
proposition has come and gone with
favorable action, and real estate men
declare the plaza is the next improve
ment in order.
"The time will come.” declared a
prominent land broker, “when the
people w’on’t stand for smoke, noise
and dust caused by the railroad
trains. There is another reason why
this improvement should be made-
automobiles and other vehicles which
are now allowed to block Peachtree
and Whitehall can be provided with
parking space on it. Pedestrians are
now filling Peachtree and Whitehall,
and the vehicles must find other
places to stand."
Fulton County's legislators are
DOVER, N J . May 10.—Dr. Guv
Otis
Brewster.
physical director of
the
Dover Hig
1 School, is teaching
the
girl pupils
of the school to box.
and
to protect
them from injury he
has
devised a \\
ire cage which covers
I
their heads and tin* upper part of
their bodies.
A public exhibition of boxing in this
apparatus will be given for the first
time by the pupils at the Tri-Coun
ty Interscholaatic League meet in
Morristown. N\ J- on May 30.
lot route. It will be an expensive un- I squarely" behind the plaza plan and
d( Halting, j will see that it is put through, pro-
Good Scavengers. tided the interests of the State can
Qee.-e make good scavengers to turn | be protected in the concessions which
into the orchard or plowed fields, be
ing good at cleaning up all sorts of
bugs, slugs and grubs from the roots
of tree* and the plowed land. They
should not, however, be allowed the
run of the cArn field while the corn is
sinai’ as they will eat it up (root and
branch). Jhis is not a hard task *o
accomplish for they are most easily
fi nerd or even directed in their move
ments by a small child or a collie
cog trained for the watch-care. Geese
make good alarmists, too. Being al 1 ,
wavs on the watch, gtrange prowler* 1 ^ rom ^ er chest by a doctor, since
of any kind will bo givm the great then sin* has shed forty needles from
"honk” signal, warning them that they j her left hand, fingers, both tegs, and
had better keep away. While geese chest
the State will be asked to make.
GIRL, FULL OF NEEDLES,
SAYS IT IS PLEASANT
Special Cable to The American.
PARIS. May 10.—Mlie. Thornton, 18.
of Rheims. swallowed a packet of
needles a few weeks ago.
A needle was recently removed
breeding tray be made very remuner
ative as a side line to the farmer in
a moderate way. at the extreme’v
good prices that may be obtained from
the best hotels for fine (what%are
to mod “green goslings”) or well-fat-
tench d young ones that have been
Each time a needle makes its ap
pearance the girl feels a slight prick
ing sensation, but she experiences no
inconvenience, and the pricking she
says. Is rather pleasant than other
wise.
It is like drinking soda-water,”
quickly grown, it is not advisaJ*J* to she told the doctor.
Urges Strike of
Preachers’ Wives
Bachelor Clergy Should Be Stationed
in Slums, Says Eminent
English Bishop.
Special Cable to The American.
LONDON. May 10.—The Bishop of
Manchester (Dff. Knox), has stated
that if it were lawful for a bishop
to suggest a strike his advice to the
wives of the ^leigy would be to re
fuse to do any parish work.
A rector’s wif_* in Ancoats, Man
chester, a distr’et which contain?
many slums, said recently.
"I quite agree with the bishop. Af
ter parish work, at which one sees
terrible sights, you come home and
face dirty housework, assisted by a
tvpical second-class servant, tor the
better type would not live in a neigh •
borhood such as this
“You and your husband may give*
your lives to the work, and in re
turn. you get $1,500 a year, with
which you have to provide for every
thing. We have* three children. Af
ter six years’ experience I say that
these slum parishes ought to be
worked by bachelor clergy. Without
a happy nature and a happy home
Lhe life of the clergyman’** wife in
the slums would be almost as bad as
penal servitude.
"After five years’ service in the
slums a clergyman ought to be given
un easier living with congenial com
panions and surrounding**.
Too Much Energy
Lost, Says Doctor
“Can’t Waiters” Make Up Class of
Human Beings That Are Con
tinually Restless.
Special Cable to The American.
LONDON. May 10.—“We could
quite well bear the strain of mod
ern life if w<* better understood how'
to preserve our nerve energies," said
Dr. Edwin Ash, a London specially
in nervous diseases in a recent ad
dress here.
‘We -waste an enormous amount,”
he said, "in restlessness, which in
volves the repeated and profitless
contraction of many muscles in
tricks of manner, hurry, and haste
There is a large class of persons who
are unable to wait for anything. They
are always anxious to get on to the
next item in the day’s program, they
speak and act without thinking ajid
so waste their energies. Such peo
ple might be called ‘Can’t Waiters.’ ”
Those who are “Can’t Waiters,”
who are using up too much nervous
energy, should says Dr. Ash, dili
gently practice self-control and car
ry out the following rules:
Wear reasonably loose clothing.
Spend at least one hour daily in the
o{len air. Always get up at the same
time. Eat slo'vly. Dress slowly,
speak slowly and walk slowly.
By HERBERT TEMPLE.
Special Cable to The American.
LONDON. May 10.—The Wagner
season at CoVent Garden this year
is almost over, another week and so
ciety people will begin to visit the
opera. Owing to the Wagner centen-
nary, the German season has been
an unusually long one and several
works by the world’s greatest com
posers have been taken up besides
the Ring, but although the audi
ences hat^e been large, they have con
sisted mostly of music-loving for
eigners.
Londoners, even those who pretend
to love music, do not like Wagner,
whom they understand no better
than they do Ibsen; they are much
more fond of ragtime, though they
can bear Italian opera.
Wagner incongruous.
There is something indescribably
incongruous in London having its
Wagner season each year. The great
est singers that Germany and Den
mark have produced are engaged at
salaries, which, in some cases, are
enormous, the orchestra, which con
sists mostly of Germans, plays won
derfully under the conductorship of
men like Dr. Rottenberg and Dr.
Shuck, both of Germany, less won-
defully when conducted by Arthur
Nikisch, w r ho is excellent when con
ducting a concert, but who gets ner
vous grhen he cannot give his full
attention to the orchestra but has to
divide it between that and the ar
tists of the stage.
The “musical” critics of the London
press are in despair, for their sense
and knowledge of music are as* poor
as their technical ^vocabulary, and
their criticisms show* it, having the
appearance of having been written
by public school boys with the aid
of a dictionary. They never praise
or condemn -the foreign singers
straight out, for they know them all
to be artists of international reputa
tion, but give them a judicious mix
ture of praise and condemnation, just
to show* that they are real experts,
whose eye? are not dazzled by the
continental halos around the heads
of the singers.
But they draw a breath of relief
when they have to make comments
on the vocal exertions of the few
English artists whom nobody out
side of this little island has ever
heard of. Then their hearts swell
with British national pride and praise
flows uns*tintingly from their pen
cils and they go into raptures at
the singing of the English choruses
who always sing out of time and call
forth beads of cold perspiration on
the foreheads of every conductor and
stifled "Donnerwetters” on the lips of
every musical German in orchestra
and audience.
Society Buys Boxes.
London society, of course, buys up
all the expensive boxes to get theii
names into the papers. But they
do not carry their sacrifice any fur
ther. They give away their dearly
bought seats to their governesses and
poor relations, for you cannot sleep
comfortably in an opera box, your
jewelry cannot be seen, admired and
envied, because that fool of Richard
Wagner, w’ho was childish enough
to believe that people went to the.
opera to listen to music, issued a de
cree that his works must be played
with no light appearing on the stage,
and his disciples, the Imported con
ductors, refuse to play under any
other conditions.
On the day when the Wagner sea
son opened King George and Queen
Mary ran away from London to look
at English potteries and set the ex
ample to all London society.
LIST OF “BAD” TENANTS
WANTED BY REALTY BOARD
Delinquent rent payers had better
look out—the Atlanta Real Estate
Board may go after them! In the
latest issue of the board's bulletin the
suggestion is made that agents report
their "bad" clients so that other
agents may beware. The board does
not care to discriminate between cit
izens. but It wants to know which
tenants pay their debts and which do
not. Hence the suggestion.
Janitors Fighting
for Waste Paper
Custodian Wants to Take Special
Privilege Away in Illinois
State House.
SPRINGFIELD, ILL., May 10.—
Franklin McCombs, of Chicago, new
custodian of the State House, has
come into collision with the State’s
janitors in the Capitol*
In consequence the Legislature may
be asked to specify who shall receive
the money accruing through the sale
of waste paper that accumulates In
the State House. Hitherto the jani
tors have collected and sold it, re
taining the $20 or $30 a month That It
brought. Mr. McCombs instituted a
new practice. He has the janitors
collect the paper and put it in a base
ment room, where it is baled on a.
newly installed machine, for sale.
The new custodian, whose salary is
$3,600 a year, claims the right to the
proceeds. The janitors have appealed
to several legislators for a bill giving
them the waste.
469 PRIESTS WIN SUIT
AGAINST NEWSPAPER
Special Cable to The American.
PARIS, May 10.—Four hundred and
sixty-nine village prieses of the
Finlsterre and Lot et Garonne depart
ments brought an action for libel
recently at Brest against the “Cri
du Peuple,” a Socialist newspaper,
which had published improper com
ments on the priesthood in connec
tion with the death some months ago
of the Abbe Chassaing.
The 469 priests won their case. The
“Cri du Peuple” was ordered to pay
$2.00 damages and costs and a fine
of $6 on each one of the 469 charges,
besides being ordered to publish the
report of the Judgment in ten differ#
ent newspapers