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«<**' *■ * 1 4 E IlKARST’S SUNDAY AMERICAN, ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, .TUNE 1. 1913. Japan and Former Officer of the German Ar my Sums Up the Strength of the Two Nations on Land and Sea. By LIEUT. L. S. SCHLE1STER (Formerly of the G.rman Army.) In view of the. protest of Japan against the anti-Japanese Legislation of California, a comparison of the armies and navies of the United States and Japan is interesting. While diploma's are generally agreed there is no probability, of war, due to Jap- j sn’s heavy Indebtedness resulting from the Russian war, her belligerent attitude has evidently amused Amer ican officials to a realization of the danger of armed conflict, with the ap parent result that mysterious move ments of troops are taking place, which according to those in author ity at Washington, should not be ac cepted as in any way significant. To begin with, in the event of war with Japan, it is probable that al most all of the fighting would be con-' fined to sea battles. The great bur den of the war would be upon the navy, and in that respect, tlie Un ited States more than outranks Japan. Another very’ necessary thing In event of war Is money, and the Un ited States have not only large fund at hand but unlimited credit, neither of which has Japan. Japs Have Large Army. On the other hand, however, Japan far outclasses the United States with her army. Not only Is the army much larger, but It Is far better train ed. for the Island Umpire has in her service thousands of seasoned veter ans of the war with Russia. There are men who have smelled powder and seen the flash of steel who know something of the hardships of the campaign. The United States stand ing army is so hopelessly small that in the event of war you would have to rely almost wholly upon a volun teer army. In theory the United States has an unorganized militia" of more than 10,000,000 men. in the Statesman’s Year Book, published for the uae of diplomats and army and navy men, the strength of the American “Unor ganized Militia” is given at that fig ure. This is purely on paper, how ever for the "unorganized militia” consists of tile number of tlie men the United States hopes it would be possible to raise by successive call for volunteers. Courage Ranked Equal. The regular army of the United States has not smelled powder since 0 on a War Basis—A Comparison Possibilities of a Clash With the Country of the Mikado Are Discussed by an Expert. ** fin' ll * *)) a / bvfi?' & Farmer California—Well, boy. you have very nice seeds. This is the best soil for your seeds; plant them here. Boy—Thank you, (From the Asahi). THE CUNNING POLICY OF FARMER CALIFORNIA. Boy—Say, Uncle, the flowers are coming up. Farmer California—Is that »o? Do as much as you can to cultivate them. 12 ~ mil n w V *.*:© * * r a c. At is •<» fc 7 b It to b «• & to £ r \ (Five years later). Plants bear good fruit. Farmer California—Get out, (Farmer pulls out gun). you! This is my garden. the Hpanish war. You are therefore at a distinct disadvantage as regards experience of your fighting men. It is not the Intention of this article to discuss the courage of the soldiers of Japan and the United States. It is probable that the men of the two countries rank about equal In this respect, as evidenced by the Ppanlsh- Amerlcan war and the Japanese-Hus- slan war. American soldiers have many times proved their markman- ship, as, also, have the Japanese. The question considered by mili tary authorities is whether Japan would not find it advantageous to seek a war. She is facing home problems from which the minds of her people might be distracted by foreign conflict. At the same time she might, by war with the United States, be able to gain control of the Hawaiian Islands or the Philippine Islands and In that war gain room for her rapidly increasing population. More Land Is Needed. A large part of Japan is impossi ble to cultivation. The result is that the feeding of the Japanese people is no small task, and it has become very important for Japan to enlarge her territory. It has been the policy of the Jap anese Government to encourage emi gration. More than 200,000 Japanese are living abroad, most of them in the United States or its Island pos sessions. There are some 79.674 Jap anese in the Hawaiian Islands alone. By encouraging emigration Japan managed to get Just that many more away from home thereby escaping the problem of feeding them and at the * (From The Nippon.) NOW AND—BEFORE. Uncle Sam is here shown first as the solicitous bearer, through his missionaries, of the doctrine of “peace on earth and good will to men,” and eventually as a raging lion, forgetful of the cross, and about to devour the Japanese. (From The Hochi.) RUNNING AMUCK. The California attitude against the Japanese is pictured by this cartoonist as a wild-eyed American (representing California) running amuck and branishnig a knife over a terror-stricken boy (representing the Japanese). The boy says: “Say. Uncle, have vou again got hysterical? Dangerous! Dangerous!” same time increasing the number of Japanese who are studying and learn ing the way of the Europeans. As a result of the war with Rus sia Japan’s national debt was increas ed by $85,000,000. Her total national debt foreign and internal is to-day about $1,450,000,000. and is steadily increasing. The Japanese army is modelled af ter the German. The peace strength of the army Is estimated at 230,000 men. The United States is not al lowed under the law’ to have at any time a standing army of more than 100,000 and at the present time is be low that figure. The strength of the United States army on June 30, 1912, aocording to the report of Major Gen eral Leonard Wood, Chief of the Genera] Staff, was officers 4.812. en listed men, 81,409. Including the Philippine scouts and the hospital corps, it brought the army to 4,428 officers -and 82,490 enlisted men. It is said that the army now probably totals 90,000 including officers and en listed men. Japan Has Large Reserve. In addition to her standing army, Japan has a large reserve army of trained men. Outside of its regular army, the United States w’ould have to rely upon volunteers and the State Militia, the latter totaling in num bers about 100,000 partlj r trained men. According to the last report of the Secretary of War, the American reg ular army was distributed as follow s: In the United States 61,584 Tn the Philippines of the reg ular army 10,970 Philippine scouts (natives) . .. 5,660 In China 1,256 In Porto Rico 614 In Hawaii 3,969 In the Canal Zone 821 Troops en route and officers at other foreign stations .... 1,859 General Wood in his report called attention to the necessity of organ izing at once a large reserve army of men who have served in the regular army, the militia or the marine corps. General Wood said: “We cannot be considered as even reasonably prepared for war until we have provided a reserve sufficient to build up to full war strength the- reg ular army and the militia, when call ed into the United States service.” As a result of ;he urgent insistence of General Wood, Congress some A WEARER OF GRAY IS BARD FOR THE BLUE The bard of Memorial Day, the poet of the national cemeteries, is Theo dore O’Hara. The Federal Govern ment has so designated him. In every national cemetery from Arling ton, Va., to Custer’s battlefield in Montana and back again to where the fighting men of the United States sleep in the city of Mexico may be read on tablets the verses of “The Bivouac of the Dead.” It Is a strange circumstance that the man who thus becomes the spokesman of the spirit of the battles of the nation was one who fought against the Union for the four years of the Civil War. Theodore O’Hara was a Confederate soldier who distin guished himself at Shiloh and guided the hand of Gen. Breekenridge at Stone River. O'Hara’s career was romantic and unusual. He followed the bent of his heart and fought as a soldier of for tune in many lands and knew little but adversity. His greatest day came when at 27 he rose to a great occa sion and wrote at a sitting that poem which has been declared by its admir ers to rival Gray’s “Elegy.” On an other great day he received in his arms on the field of battle the dead body of his commander. Albert Syd ney Johnston, and on another he cry stallized the spirit of Daniel Boone in his only other poem, “The Old Pion eer.” Was Born in Kentucky. O’Hara was born in Kentucky in 1820. His father was a political ref ugee from Ireland. The cider O’ Hara was a man of culture and drill ed his son in Greek and steeped him in the classics. Theodore went to Washington, where he served as a clerk in the Treasury Department, nis personality so impressed men in lirgh places with whom he became acquainted that he was appointed a Captain in the army just prior to the breaking out of the Mexican war. When the American army rushed into Mexico the young Kentuckian was at the battles of Buena Vista and Chapultepec, and wherever else there was fighting, and so well did he bear himself that he was brevet ted a Ma jor for gallantry in action. The spirit of the man was so restless that he did not remain with the army, but re signed when peace was restored and practiced law in Washington for a while, but found other adventures iiat appealed more strong!* | It was about this time that the •opez uprising occurred in Cuba, and P*i enlisted in the cause of the lib* ration THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD By THEODORE O'HARA T HE muffled drum’s sad roll has beat The soldier’s last tattoo: No more on life’s parade shall meet The brave anc! daring few. On Fame’s eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread. And Glory guards with solemn round The bivouac of the dead. No answer of the foe’s advance Now swells upon the wind; No troubled thought at midnight haunts Of loved ones left behind; No vision of the morrow's strife The warrior's dreams alarms; No braying horn nor screaming fife At dawn shall call to arms. Their shivered swords are red with rust; Their plumed heads are bowed; Their haughty banner trailed in dust Is now their martial shroud; And plenteous funeral tears have washed The red stains from each brow. And their proud forms, in battle gashed. Are free from anguish now. The neighing steed, the flashing blade. The trumpet’s stirring blast, The charge, the dreadful cannon ade. The din and shout are past; No war’s wild note, nor glory’s peal, Shall thrill with fierce delight Thoso breasts that nevermore shall feel The rapture of the fight. Like the dread northern hurricane That sweeps his broad plateau, Flushed with the triumph yet to gain. Came down the serried foe. Our heroes felt the shock and leapt To meet them on the plain; And long the pitying sky hath wept Above our gallant slain. Sons of our consecrated ground, Ye must not slumber there, Where stranger steps and tongues resound Along the heedless air. Your own proud land’s heroic soil Shall be your fitter grave: She claims from war his richest spoil— The ashes of her brave. So ’neath their parent turf they i’est; Far from the gory field; Borne to a Spartan mother’s breast On many a bloody shield. The sunshine of their native sky Smiles sadly on them here. And kindred hearts and eyes watch by The heroes’ sepulcher. Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead! Dear as the blood you gave, No impious footsteps here shall tread The herbage of your grave; Nor shall your glory be forgot While fame her record keeps Or honor points the hallowed spot Where valor proudly sleeps. Yon marble minstrel's voiceless tone In deathless songs shall tell. When many a vanquished age hath flown. The story how ye fell. Nor wreck, nor change, nor win ter’s blight. Nor time's remorseless doom. Shall dim one ray of holy light That gilds your glorious tomb. of that island and sailed away to fight its battles. O’Hara commanded one of the regiments that participated in the disastrous fight at Cardenas, and ! from that battlefield he was carried sorely wounded. In the years that followed the! young adventurer played the game of ♦ ditcr in many Southern cities. Ini Mobile he was editor of John For sythe’s paper while that gentleman' was absent as Minister to Mexico. Ultimate!} he became editor of his own paper, the Yeoman, in Frank fort. Ky. It was here that the occa sion arose that led to his writing his famous poem. Many experiences had been crowd ed into a span of 27 years of living when in 1847 the State of Kentuckv «*nt to Mexico and brought back the remains of her soldiers who had died in the war and buried them with mil itary honors in the State cemetery it Frankfort. O'Hara was asked by the Governor < ‘ Kentucky to write and read a soldier he was held in high esteem. poem upon the occasion of the burial of these his comrades. In the office of the Yeoman in Frankfort the lin?s that now are scattered throughout the National cemeteries of the coun try were penned. In a little saloon across the Street from the State House they were first read, and the auditors were former comrades In arms. Those who heard it pronounced the poem good, and on the following day it was read over the remains of the Kentucky soldiers who had died in Mexico. The nook in the State cemetery at Frankfort where these men were burled has come peculiarly to shadow forth the spirit of O’Hara. The State erected a tall shaft in honor of the Mexican martyrs. When O’Hara read his poem there he little realized that he was detailing his own epitaph and that he too would rest there and that these same lines would appear on his tomb. Yet such were the facts. The. years that Intervened between the writing of this poem and the out break of the civil war were spent by O’Hara in much the same manner that other editors and men of letters of the time passed their lives. Col O'Hara gained distinction as an ora tor of polish, went on a number of diplomatic missions for his country and mingled freely with the men of affairs of his time. None of his en terprises was particularly successful, and at the outbreak of the Civil War he was but the brilliant editor of a struggling paper in Mobile, Ala. Became Alabama Colonel. When the Civil War broke out O’Hara, then just past 40. immediate ly volunteered for service. He be came Colonel of the Twelfth Alabama Volunteers and was at first assigned to guarding the entrance of Mobile Bay. Later he was on the staff of Gen. Albert Sydney Johnston. As a O’Hara was with Johnston at the conflict at Shiloh. It was into the arms of the Irish American poet- soldier that Johnston fell mortally wounded in “the rapture of the fight.’ General John C. Breekenridge had been an intimate friend of Colonel O'Hara throughout his life. So it came to pass that after the death of Johnston O’Hara was transferred to the staff of General Breekenridge and became its chief. In that capacity he served to the end of the war, par ticipating in many an action and gaining particular distinction in the heroic charge at Stone River. When the war was finally over Colonel O’Hara began the task of re trieving hhs fallen fortunes. Ill luck followed him. At Columbus. Ga., he went into the cotton business and fire destroyed his warehouses and wrecked his business. Much discour aged. he retired to a plantation on the Chattahoochee River, where two years later he died of fever. At the time of his demise he was 47. $$$$$$$$$ BOOK REVIEW! By EDWIN MARKHAM WHERE HALF THE WORLD IS WAKING UP. Owing to the Japanese problem now so acute in California the* following account has timely interest . It Is taken from Clarence Poe’s book, “Where Half the World Is Waking Up,” a book sent out recently by the Doubleday-Page Press. Mr. Poe says of the Japanese farms: “Forty-six farmers out of every one hundred in Japan own less than one and one-quarter acres of land; twen ty-six more out of every one hundred own less than two and one-half acres, and only one man in a hundred owns as much as twenty-five acres. Ordinarily, however these little handkerchief-sized farms yield amaz ingly. It has been shown by Profes sor F. O. King that the fields of Japan are cultivated so intensively, fertiliz ed so painstakingly, and kept so con tinuously producing some crop that they feed 2.277 people to the square mile, and that 21,321 square miles of cultivated fields in the main lands support a population of 48.542,367. If the tilled fields of Iowa, for example, supported an equal number of people per square mile, the population so supported would be over 100,000,000. That State alone could feed the en tire population of the United States and then have an excess produce left for export to other countries. “These Japanese lands have been In cultivation for unnumbered cen turies. "Of course, with a population so dense and with each man cultivating an acre no larger than a garden patch in America, the people are poor: and the wonder Is that they are able to produce food enough to keep the country from actual want. Practical ly no animal meat is ever eaten. If we except fish, the average American eats nearly twice as much meat in a week as the average Japanese does in a year; to be exact, 150 pounds of meat per capita is required per year for the average American against 1.7 pounds for the average Japanese. Many of the farmers here are too poor even to eat a good quality of rice. Consequently Japan presents the odd phenomenon of being at once an ex porter and a large importer of rice. Poor farmers sell their good rice and buy a poorer quality brought in from the mainland of Asia and mix it with barley for grinding. “Only about one farmer in three has a horse or an ox; in most oases all the work must be done by hand and with crude tools. It is pitiful— or rather it would be pitiful if they did not appear so contented—to see men breaking the ground not by ploughing hut by digging, with ku- w r as—long-handled tools with blades perhaps six inches wide and two feet long. "With land so scarce it is. of course, necessary to keep something on the ground every growing day from year’s end to year’s end. Truckers and gardeners raise three crops a year. The crops in Japan are not very varied. Rice represents half the agricultural values. Next to rice is th: silk-worm industry, and then barley, wheat, vegetables, soy beans, sweet potatoes and fruits. “The hillside or mountain slopes are cultivated to the last available foot, and In dry seasons you may even see the men and women carry ing buckets uphill to water any suf fering crop.” MAN AND WOMAN. Does any one man understand women to the extent of striking an average of good and bad qualities as distinguishing the female of human kind? Believe us, there isn’t a man on earth who can absolutely under stand one woman, nor is there a woman who can interpret even one man with exactness. But any man or woman can set up personal opinions of both sexes, singly and in the aver ages Here’s Arthur L. Salmon with his brand-new book. “Man and the Wom an”—published by Forbes & Co.—and he strikes tinder and Illuminates traits of character which he assigns, through comparisons, to the sexes. The book is interesting and dis plays an acutfe sense of discrimina tion. Salmon does not subserviate either sex; but he does admit that there is no woman who cannot twist most men round her little finger. He says “there is no woman who cannot veil her identity, conceal her true feelings, or ape an emotion she does not feel.” If ever! Here’s a man who owns right up that woman has the leading grip on mankind! Let that pa^s. There are bundles of entertaining analyses in the book. * * ♦ GREATER LOVE HATH NO MAN. As dealing: with a supreme sacrifice, Frank L. Packard's novel, Greater Love Hath No Man (George H. Do ran Company, J1.25) has much to rec ommend it. Whether there exist such persons as Varge, the hero, is a matter of opinion. At 'any rate, Varge does exist in the story, and, moreover, is a very, real and human individual Nameless and dependent, he is adopted by a kindly old doctor and his wife, under whose care he grows to manhood, realizing that he owes everything to them and scorning to leave them to better his own position. Their son is a ne'er-do-well, who has spent money freely and finally returns home to ask for more. In the midst of a heated discussion at night the son kills the father and' creeps up to Varge’s room to ask him to take upon himself the burden of guilt. This conception gives rise to many conjectures in the mind of the reader many men and women, actuated by devotion, have made supreme sacri fices for friends, but the shouldering of a cold-blooded murder to clear the skirts of another is asking a good deal. Varge refuses but finally consents months ago took steps to provide for a reserve. While the United States has ex pended huge sums upon battleships, so has Japan. The Mikado’s Empire commenced constructing battleships with feverish energy soon after the end of the Russian war. Already heavily in debt, Japan increased its indebtedness and so she will burden the people with taxes that It has now 1 practically reached a point where It would be profitable to detract the at tention of the people with war scares if not actual war. even though that war would mean still heavier taxes and the turther contraction of debt The following is a comparison of the sea strength of the United States and Japan: U. S. Japan Battleships (Dreadnought Class) 8 3 Battleships 25 18 Armored Cruisers .... 11 13 Cruisers 15 14 Destroyers 42 58 Torpedo Boats 20 64 Coast Defense Vessels 4 2 Submarines 23 ll Dreadnoughts in Course of Construction 5 1 Admirals of the Fleet 1 1 Vice Admirals 0 17 Admirals 0 2 Rear Admirals 24 45 Captains and Com manders 212 292 Other Line Officers ... 1,417 1,818 Midshipmen at Sea .. 0 154 Engineer Officers .... 0 683 Medical Officers .... 317 368 Pay Officers 221 34l Chaplains 23 0 Warrant Officers .... 697 1,520 Enlisted Men 47,469 42,043 Marine Officers 306 0 This makes the total number of en listed men and officers in the service of the United States 60,617 as against 47,289 for Japan. Comparison of Tonnage. The tonnage of the vessels of the American totals 773,107 and the ton nage of those of Japan 471,858. Il the vessels of both navies now build ing were ready for service the ton nage would stand: United States, 898,545, Japan, 613,714. Japan has in course of construc tion a battleship of the dreadnought class known as the Fuse, which in tonnage, according to report, will ex ceed any vessel in the American na vy. She is to be of 30,000 tons dis placement. The American Congress, however, has authorized the construc tion of a dreadnought battleship to be known as the Pennsylvania to bd of 31,000 tons displacement She will not be ready until 1916. $$$$$$$$$ when he realizes what the real etor; would mean to the mother and h makes all his plans in the room wher the murder has been committed t fasten the net about himself securelj He breaks open the money box t make it appear that his crime is act uated by greed and the case goes t trial with the lawyer firmly convince 1 that Varge is playing a part. He is sentenced to life imprison ment, and when he is in jail ha be gins to know some of the real bitter ness of living. It is here that the warden’s daugh ter enters, and Varge feels the ligh of love shining over him. How h balks the courting of the girl by th man for whom he has sacrifice' everything and at last wins her him self, is told in a story that grips t the end. Gratitude like that shown by Varg is rare in this world, yet the autho deals with his subject In a manne that is as powerful as it is con vincing, By H. EFFA WEBSTER FARO NELL AND HER FRIENDS. Always a new book by Alfred Henry Lewis is welcome, but it doesn’t hap pen often. Lewis is so busy using; his spectacular vocabulary in bursts of political analysis and in splendidly exploiting general conditions or peo ples and municipalities, via news papers and magazines, that he too seldom builds fiction in short stories and novels. But recently a new Wolf- ville novel comes to us from the press of G. W. Dillingham; this time the perpetrations of this up-and-ready pioneer Western town is captioned “Faro Nell and Her Friends.” The book is alive with the atmosphere of the desert, the winds billowing over the sage brush and bristling cacti, and with the license of “personality” typical of frontiersmen. In this book the author shows sub tle adaptation to the change of con ditions in the still sparsely settled stretches of Western wilderness-'. Moreover, he carries characteristic trends of human tenderness in the hearts of these inhabitants of a coun try where the merest polish on civil ization is considered a “verdancy” unbecoming a properly toughened man. Faro Nell is a girl of the sturdily sympathetic sort, and her friends have the qualities that make for tried- and-true comrades, although they are parties to many wild adventures, sometimes tragically fatal. Cynthi- ana. Dead-Shot Baker, Dave Tutt, Rucker Black Jack and Mrs. among Nell’s friends. The author dedicates this bool thus: “To William Eugene Lewis, ai marking my appreciation of w'hai qualities place him high among th< best editors, bes»t brothers and be? men I’ve ever met.—A. H. L.” Al the Lewises, three, have accompllghec literary and newspaper work in Chi cago. • * * LOVE’S SOLDIERS. Among the new books tided lnt< market is one entitled “Love's Sol diers,” published by Cassell & Co The essential element of this novel h love; this emotion is the dominatlnj influence of everybody Involved Is the plot, which is environed with du» iness ambitions, with thrills of hap piness, with heart throbs, with th< fruition of golden hopes and wltl great rewards for honorable en deavors. Robert Hayes, left desolate by th« death of his mother, finds a little gir! abandoned to the life of th« street. Robert adopts the child anc engages the services of a young wom an as "help” in the care of the little person. He falls in lo^e with Mollie daughter of the head Of the bank in which he is employed, but his “mod erate circumstances” intervene to temporarily separate them The “little person” proves an af fectionate bond between Robert and Mollie. Other beloved personages come into the game. There’s a finish of several delightful love amalgama tions and—all ends happily.