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Why Scientists Are Eager to Breed* Eugenic Baby, Remarkable Facts Already Discovered That Have Prompted Them to Offer Prizes to the Man and Woman Who Will Marry Each Other and Make a Practical Test of Eugenics SINCE the announcement in this news paper of the scientific project to bring about a perfect eugenic marriage, very widespread interest in the subject has' been shown. For instance, the Mount Morris Bap tist Church, of Harlem, has started regular classes in eugenics, and similar evidences of interest are reported in many quarters. The Sociological Fund Committee of the Medical Review of Reviews, of New York, in cluding many well-known scientists and so cial workers, has offered prizes to the eu genical'ly ideal man and woman who will marry. A prize of SSOO will be given when the pair of successful candidates marry, and a further prize of SSOO when the first baby is born. This newspaper invites its readers who wish to enter this contest to send in their photographs, together with their physical measurements, weight, state of their health, health of their parents, grandparents and ancestors, and such other information as they wish to give. The photographs and in formation will be turned over to the com mittee. Eugenics, the science of breeding a fine race, is receiving practical'attention in Eng land as well as America. London is greatly concerned over the announcement that Mr. and Mrs. Harold Boice have produced a eugenic baby. Mr. Boice is a well-known writer. It does not seem that in this case the par ents could have satisfied the requirements of the American committee. The mother in par ticular is not an unusually fine physical speci men. Before the baby’s birth the advice of Professor Metchnikoff and Dr. C. W. Saleeby, two distinguished scientists, was obtained concerning the best surroundings for mother and child. This, of course, was a wise measure. Mr. Jerome K. Jerome, the well kno ■ n humorist and author of “Three in a Boat,” and Mr. H. G. V’ i' , th:' fantastic scientific novel arc induced to talk with the ■■ ■ recucntly in order that the b :i- torn might have a strong cf humor, imagination and a predilection for science. This was . J-.;5.-nt conceit, but quite unsci . • , for there is no justification .or t.'.e popular belief that a mental in. pcession received by the mother will produce a corresponding mental development in the child. For in stance, it is a mistake to suppose that because the mother listens to music the child will have a love for music. The London eugenic baby proved to be a girl, and has been happily named Eugenette. She is a very fair physical specimen, well above the average of English babies. One of the most interesting facts in the science of eugenics, as taught by Dr. Charles B. Davenport, the leading American author ity, is that we inherit each of the traits in our mental and physical make up from one ancestor. If we have curly hair, it comes entire from some original ancestor, and is not a mixture of the hair of all our an cestors. The many facts discovered proving that traits valuable to society may be trans mitted through eugenic marriages have led the New York committee to offer these prizes. Dr. Davenport has shown how the traits of a very remarkable woman named Eliza beth Tuttle, married over 200 years ago, have reappeared in scores of her descend ants, making them the most distinguished figures in American life. She was of “great beauty, commanding appearance, strong will, extreme intellectual vigor, of mental grasp akin to rapacity.” On November 19, 1667, she married Rich ard Edwards, of Hartford, Conn., a very handsome man and an able lawyer. In 1691 Edwards divorced her for infidelity and other misconduct. Evil traits were in her blood, for one of her sisters murdered her own son and a brother murdered his sister, but o iag to a favorable marriage only the bril liani mental gifts of Elizabeth Tuttle were tzar emitted to her descendants. .01' Elizabeth Tuttle and Richard Edwards ti.r only son was Timothy Edwards, who took the degrees of bachelor and master of :.rt:> simultaneously at Harvard. Os his c’cvan children the only son was Jonathan Edwards, the theologian, one of the worldts pre. t intellects and presidefit of Princeton College. Among the descendants of Jonathan Edwards have been Jonathan Edwards, Jr., president of Union College; Timothy Dwight, president of Yale; Sereno Edwards Dwight, president of Hamilton College; General Daniel Tyler, of the Civil War; Timothy Dwight the second, president of Yale; Theo dore William Dwight, founder of the Colum bia University Law School; Henrietta Whit ney, who assisted her husband, Eli Whitney, to invent the cotton gin; Merrill Edwards Gates, president of Amherst College; Cath-* erine Maria Sedgwick, the well-known writer; Charles Sedgwick Minot, the biologist, and Winston Churchill, the author. • Dr. Davenport mentions two descendants of Elizabeth Tuttle—Pierrepont Edwards and Vice-President Aaron Burr—as having inherited some of her evil traits as well as her good ones. The four daughters of Elizabeth Tuttle — Abigail Stoughton, Elisabeth Deming, Ann Richardson and Mabel Bigelow’—were alt women of character and great influence, but women of those dttys are rarely credited by history with all they did. They have left, many distinguished descendants. Among them have been- Robert Treat Paine, signer of the Declaration of Independence; the Fairbanks brothers, makers of scales; Morrison R. Waite, Chief Justice of the United States; Melville M. Bigelow, the law author; Profes sor Marvin R. Vincent, a distinguished theo logian of Columbia University; General Ulysses S. Grant, and President Grover Cleveland. Two women of this descent married noble men and became the Marchioness of Donegal and the Marchioness Apezteguia. “Thus,” says Dr. Davenport, “two Presi dents, the wife of a third and a Vice-Presi dent trace back their origin to the germ plasm from which (in part) Elizabeth Tuttle was also derived, but of which it must never be forgotten she was not the author. Never- An Example of How Worthy and Desirable Human Characteristics Can _ X.7A'? '/A fA'F' <~. r» Be Transmitted to ''' '/ > Future Generations. s s's'' 'r / / jij&Ll , v''\ ' ' , - / /Ts \ \\\< _ " -' - .'S ' s / / I I IKT \ > x\ ' .< ' s'-',' / '' / > 1 \ \\' xx v z'/ / / / ;i\ \\. " ~ 1 ' \ \ \ \ ''s ' s F''*- '*, A Remarkable Mother of Colonial Days. Mrs. Elizabeth Tuttle Edwards, Who Was Married at Hart ford. Conn., in 1667, Transmitted Her Fine Qualities to over Thirty-One Distinguished in Every Walk of Life, Including Jonathan Edwards, the Theologian, President Dwight of Yale, General U. S. Grant, President Cleveland and Winston Churchill, the Novelist. theless, bad Elizabeth Tuttle not been this nation would not occupy the position in cul ture and learning it now does.” As evidence that the brilliant qualities were derived from Elizabeth Tuttle and not from her husband, Dr. Davenport says that of the latter’s descendants by his second marriage none of them ever rose above mediocrity. Dr. Davenport has pointed out that in order that the good qualities of Elizabeth Tuttle might be preserved it was necessary that her descendants should marry persons physically and mentally sound. If they had married defective persons the good qualities might have been swamped. Dr. Davenport argues that in order to preserve the un doubtedly fine mental qualities of many of the old New Englanders it is desirable that their present descendants should make eugenic marriages. As it is, the old qualities are liable to be lost through the intermarriage of closely related persons of feeble physique. It would be well for the New Englanders of old stock to marry the vigorous immigrants recently arrived from Europe. Instead of complaining that these immigrants are swamping the old American stock, science teaches us that they are the best hope of saving it from extinction. One of the most striking and peculiar cases of the inheritance of a physical trait is “the Bourbon nose.” For over four hundred years this remarkable type of nose has been among the most cherished heritages. of the royal house of Bourbon. To-day the Duke of Orleans and his family, who represent the French branch of the house of Bourbon, regard this peculiar nose as among the most price’ess of their possessions. The Bourbon nose is strongly curved at the bridge, very prominent and very long. The curve is somewhat Semitic, but the nose is larger and more prominent than is usual in that type. The nose originated, as far as we can trace it, with King Henry IV., the famous Henry of Navarre, the most popular king in French history. The extraordinary long and prominent nose of this monarch is largely responsible for the expression of mingled shrewdness and sensuality that marks his face. Every occupant of the French throne, from Henry IV. down to the unfortunate Louis XVI., had this pose. The nose came back to the throne with Louis XVIII., in 1815, and left it again when Louis Philippe, of the branch of Bourbon-Orleans was driven out of France in 1848. The Duke of Orleans, who represents this branch, is naturally proud of his nose, for it appears to be all that is left of the make-up of his famous ancestor. Most of the duke’s relatives had it, and one of his uncles, the Duke de Chartres, was almost a reproduction of Henry IV. Here it is interesting to note that a family well known in New York society has a dis tinctive nose that has been handed down for many generations. Mrs. I. Townsend Bur den’s rather prominent but distinguished nose is an exact reproduction of that of her ancestress, Evelyn Byrd, a noted Virginia belle of Colonial days. All the women of the family have had this nose, and it has descended to Mrs. Burden’s two handsome daughters. Such little facts as these suggest the pos sibilities of eugenic science. It is not, of course, proposed by serious eugenists to per petuate a particularly distinguished nose or chin, but that they may be transmitted shows that more important traits, such as great bod ily energy or a brilliant mental quality, may be transmitted. Those who feel that they have beauty, tal ent and other fine qualities, are now urged to transmit them to posterity and save them to the world. They are asked to do so under the vigilant eyes of science and under con ditions that will be extremely instructive to the whole world. \ All readers of this page—any man or any woman—who would like to be selected as the husband or the wife in the eugenic marriage may send in a photograph, with name and address and brief description of their condi tion of health and such other facts as they may desire to state. This should be mailed to EUGENIC MARRIAGE, P. O. BOX 208, NEW YORK CITY. How They Made Noses Out of Arms Four Hundred Years Ago THE art of grafting a new nose on a human face is by no means a new marvel of surgery. There lived in Italy, four hundred years ago, a family of skilful surgeons who made a specialty of perform ing this operation for those who had been so un fortunate as to lose their noses in duels or in some other way. And ancient medical writings recently brought to light refer to similar operations having been performed several centuries earlier than this. The first Italian sugeons to win fame for their restoration of noses were named Viqneo, and were natives of Calabria. They are supposed to have learned the art from the East Indians, although some think the Arabs may have been the source of their knowledge. Their method was to detach a flap of skin from the arm, cut it in the form of a nose and apply it to the stump of the missing or damaged nose. When the two parts at last grew together they cut off with ad mirable skill just enough of the skin of the arm to fashion a new nose, resembling in size and shape the one their patient had originally possessed. Although the Vianeos won a wide reputation for their skill in supplying new noses that were as good in every way as the ones Nature had originally fur nished, there were many of their fellow surgeons who found fault with their methods and charged that their noses were seriously lacking in durability. Alexander Benedetti, the anatomist, was one of these critics, according to Professor John Bethune Stein, who writes of these early efforts at transplant ing noses and other parts of the human body, in the Medical Record. "These artificial noses,” said Bene detti, "endure with difficulty a hard Winter, and when first put on it is very necessary to guard against hav ing them pulled, because they are liable to be pulled completely off.” Another writer was of the opinion Copyright, 1913, by the Star Company. Great Britain Right ? I - ■ II ./• * jBlf w* Tilßt ; a< ■< t /a, - v J a| X ■K? I x ' \ ' * -s.’ 'T* '"'■C**'' fww <Q Hr U*M**t9o & ■ r<r. // A Irww % Illi fifth' A 111 All/ -?■ 11l 111 4- •'Jni ! <. w< 4 : ml i 111 II! .JjCz. Jf..,. * w M \\v //f V’ // II z /// 11l Wk ■ A Striking Illustration of How Physical Traits Are Perpetuated. These Pictures Show the Hereditary "Bourbon Nose,” which Originated with King Henry IV of France, Born in 1553, and Has Appeared in Every King of France Since Then. I—Henry TV. 2—His Descendant, Louis XVI. Born Two Hundred Years Later.. 3—The Duke of Orleans, Present Head of the Family, and Pretender to the Throne. | that it was better to go without ‘a nose or do with a mutilated one rather than submit to an operation like this, which lasted twelve months. The art of restoring noses attained a high degree [SV W - ] 1-4 '4; /* ‘ » I u i " ./ft kjfr k 3 $7 » •luuJet ...wfcXWjciiiijj lat jkTFk- VI » fcuk— ijl-. 7;- An Illustration from Tagliacozzi’s Curious Old Book, Showing His Method of Grafting a Nose from the Skin of the Patient’s Arm. i Reserved. A British “Eugenic Baby.” r.ugenette Boice, Daughter of . and Mrs. Harold Boice, the Baby Who Is Greatly Interestin, London Just Now Because She Was Born and Is Being Raised upon Eugenic Principles. of perfection at the hands of Tagliacozzi, another Italian, who practised during the latter half of the sixteenth century. This man was really a very skilful surgeon, but the way he advertised and boasted of his skill would nowadays hardly be considered eth ical. In a letter to one of his prospective patients he gives a long list of persons who, he says, are "almost more satisfied with their new noses than with those which they carried before.” And in one of his books he devotes many pages to citations not only from the prose writers and the poets, but also from the lives of the saints to show the importance of having a per fectly good, serviceable nose. The method TagliacoZki employed was much th: same as that used by the Vianeos. He usually loo 1 the skin to form the new nose from the patient's ov. arm, for he found it extremely difficult to keep . > persons fastened together for the long time net < for their skins to grow together. Another ■ ■; < to the latter method was the curious superst’ which held that if the person from whom tin was borrowed chanced to die first, the new n would promptly shrivel up and drop off. Tagliacozzi was very proud of his ability ami quick to resent any hint that the noses he supplied >■ not every bit as good as the original one :. tno nobleman who had lost his nose in a duel had : . one made by Tagliacozzi, but he could not get up tiia courage to blow it for fear of tearing it off. To pi'.v liis patient's fears groundless, the surgeon seized him by the new nose and pulleh him all around the house. The novel methods used by Tagliacozzi are de scribed in a book which he published at Venice in 1597. In order to give the new nose a natural color he advised the application of very hot water and ex posure to the sun's rays for several days. He thought the bile of a turtle the best thing to apply to remove' all traces of scars after the operation. As for missing ears and lips this mediaeval surgeon claimed to bet able to replace them just as well as noses.