Newspaper Page Text
New
Thousands
of Square
Miles for Food Raising Made Available
by Agriculture’s Tardy Recognition
of Mechanical Progress.
Combination Engine - Driven
Plow and Harrow. The Plow
Blades Each Dig Furrows
14 Inches Deep and the Har-
row Immediately Passes
Over the Plowed Area. Two
Separate Farming Opera
tions Are Thus Combined in
One.
I T lias been said that there is noth
ing so backward as farming;
that while every other occupa
tion lias taken advantage of the
great modern advance in mechan
ical invention the average farmer
still depends largely upon his own
muscles and those of his farm ani
mals much as his predecessors did
in the days of the Pharaohs.
Examiners into the causes for the
rapid continuous rise .in the cost of
living have found one factor in this
backwardness of the farmer. Prices
are regulated by the law of supply
and demand, and it is obvious that
if the production of the farms does
not keep up with the constantly in
creasing population of the earth food
■will keep growing scarcer and prices
will soar accordingly. Besides that
the drudgery of the farm, which
could be so lightened by machinery,
drives away the sons of the farmer
into the cities and prevents him
from getting even adequate man
'power. .
The Year Book of the Department
of Agriculture points out this situa
tion of affairs, but at the same time
it calls attention to an awakening
of the farmer to the necessity of the
machine-made farm. In certain
parts of the country such an awak
ening seems to be already well ad
vanned, and the steam engine, the
electric motor, the gasoline engine,
but particularly the oil-burning en
gine, are doing the work of opening
up countless more acres to cultiva
tion.
Of the crushing burdens of farm
ing, that of plowing is the greatest.
To turn a single acre of land with a
twelve-inch plow it is necessary that
the farmer and his team travel eight
and one-fourth miles. The wheat
acreage of the United States aver
ages 46,500,000 acres Annually. If
this were -all p.lowed each year witli
ordinary plows the plowmen of
America would have to travel a total
of 383,625,000 miles. If we add to
this the hundreds of millions of acres
of land that must be plowed an
nually for the country’s crops of
corn. oats, barley, rye. buckwheat,
cotton, tobacco, potatoes and other
products, the number of miles of
weary plodding necessary that the
people of our country may have
their wants satisfied runs up to an
inconceivable total.
The first farm task to which me
chanical power was generally ap
plied throughout the country was
threshing grain. Most persons fa
miliar with country life who have
reached ntfddle age can remember
when wheat,. oats, barley and other
small grains were threshed by horse
power with old-fashioned “chaff-
piling" threshing machines. Then
the farmer and his sons or hired
hands spent days or weeks winnow
ing the grain with a fanning mill
turned by hand. This laborious and
inefficient method of threshing and
winnowing grain has now been ren
dered practically obsolete in Amer
ica by numberless- steam threshing
“outfits” that traverse the country
roads throughout the land after har
vest, stopping at the farms along
their routes and doing the work at
a stated sum per bushel. Thresh
ing and cleaning the grain are now
done in a fraction of the time for
merly required and at much less
cost.
The next innovation in the way of
power-driven machinery for the per
formance of farm labors to come
into general use was the hay and
straw baler, followed quickly by ma
chines for shelling corn and shred
ding fodder. These machines, like
the threshers, are taken through
the country by traction engines, and
perform their several tasks much
more quickly, efficiently and eco
nomically than they could be per-
formd by horss.
Then, ten years or so ago, an
epoch in Western development was
marked by the introduction of the
steam plow upon the great farms
and ranches of the West. However,
coal is heavy and cumbersome and
in many regions water is scarce and
precious. So the application of the
gasoline engine to farm purposes
was hailed as a triumph of inventive
genius. But the great objection to
the gasoline engine on the farm is
that gasoline is an expensive fuel.
So the American inventor perfected
the oil-burning engine. Oil is the
cheapest and most perfect of all
fuels. The latest type of oil-burning
engine is a-s efficient as the gasoline
engine and can be operated much
more economically.
it now seems reasonable to pre
dict that the oil-burning engine will
work as great a revolution in Amer
ican agriculture as was worked by
the automatic harvester.
One writer has stated the situa
tion thus: “With horses, every
plow needs a man, but with a good
engine two men can operate eigh-
*een plows and hold controlled in
their hands the power of eighty-
horses that never tire.”
On some of the larger ranches the
power plowing machine is run night
and day, with only a change of men.
At night a headlight like that of a
locomotive shows the way. Some
times the number of plows is re
duced and grain drills and harrows
are attached behind the plows. The
land is thus plowed, seeded and har
rowed with one passing of the en
gine. Then, when the grain is rjpe.
the same engine may be hitched be
hind from three to six combined bar
vesters. The engine threshes and
vinnows the grain and is sometimes
used for hauling it to market, easily-
drawing from seven to ten heavily
loaded farm wagons. If agriculture
is to score the same progress tha;
lias been made in almost every other
line of human endeavor and if the
rise in the cost of the necessities of
life is to be checked, power farming
of this description must become the
rule instead of the very rare excep
tion.
The only valid objection to the
general use of mechanical power on
the farms is on the ground of the
cost of suitable traction engines.
Some of the steam traction engines
now used for plowing on the great
plains region cost $2,500 each. They
are similar in construction to freight
locomotives and will climb steep
hills with ease. None but tlie own
ers of great ranches of thousands of
acres are justified in putting so
large a sum of money in a traction
engine, even though, unlike the
horse, it “eats only when it works.”
But this objection is being over
come in the West by men who have
bought power plowing “outfits” and
who travel from farm to farm plow
ing on contract at a staled sum per
acre
Then, too, much the same sort of
a,, evolution that has taken place in
the automobile trade is in progress
in the manufacture of flower farm
ing machinery. Lighter and cheaper
engines, that are still capable of
performing the work on an ordinary
farm with ease and efficiency, are
being manufactured.
Mechanical power is employed in
the West and Southwest to a great
er extent for farming purposes than
in any other part of the country.
For several years a large ranch in
Montana has dispensed with horses
entirely, employing power-driven
machinery for all purposes for which
horses are usually considered neces
sary. It is truly a “horseless farm.”
■J*> ' ■ % - <* v -
? '-fV *3*
#
Oil-Burning Plow Operating 24 Blades and Digging 21 Fur
rows I<i Feet Wide and 7 Inches Deep, at a Time.
There are now 25,000,000 farm vated land in America is devoted to
horses in America. These consume the upkeep of farm horses. If me-
$2,500,000,000 of the farmers’ feed ch-micsl h„wor can displace oulv
and labor. One-fifth of all the cult5- one-half of these horses il will make
tens of millions of acres of land now
used for the upkeep of horses avail
able for the production of foodstuffs.
In 1808 Sir William Crookes, pres
ident of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science, com
piled statistics that appeared to
prove that widespread famine was
imminent. At that time the world’s
wheat acreage was about 163,000,000
acres and the annual production
amounted to about 2,070,000,000
bushels. He asserted that the
world’s wheat acreage could not be
materially increased and that in
thirty years the world’s require
ments would call for 3.260,000,000
bushels of wheat annually. To pro
duce this quantity of wheat from
flie acreage available would call for
the addition to the soil of 12,000,000
tons of nitrate annually. lie be
lieved that this quantity of nitrate
could not possibly be obtained, hence
the conclusion was inevitable that
widespread famine was certain in the
not distant future for the human race.
Only fifteen years have passed
since tlie British scientist made pub
lic bis dismal forebodings. Yet the
world’s wheat acreage has alreadv
increased to something like 235,000,-
000 acres and the annual production
to about 3,500,000.000 brtshels. The
nitrate beds of Chile are still far
front exhaustion and a practicable
method of extracting nitrogen from
tli? atmosphere has been perfect; i
and is used on a commercial scale.
The problem of the world’s food sup
ply for centuries to conte involves
no question of a scarcity of land or
a shortage of fertilizer.' It is solely
a problem of the economical and ell -
oient application of mechanic^'
power. “
NO. 9766.—DOLL’S SET. COMPRIS
ING A BALKAN DRESS. A COAT
AND A BILLIE BURKE BONNET.
Even the little “play mother” may
have her children dressed in the
“latest fashion.”
The styles here shown are easily
developed, and suitable for any of
the dainty materials used for doll’s
clothing.
The bonnet could be of lawn, silk,
plush or velvet as desired.
The pattern includes all styles il-
ustrated and is cut in six sizes for
lolls: 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 inches
n height. It requires % yard of
24-inch material for the cap, IV2
yards for the dress and 1% yards
for the coat for an 18-inch size.
NO. 9783.—A PRETTY PARTY
DRESS.
Pink crepe de chine with Irifih
lace for trimming was used for this
design.
Blue cashmere with velvet ribbon,
or Val. lace would also be effective.
The pattern is cut in five sizes:
4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years. It requires
3% yards of 44-inch material for an
8-year size.
NO. 9764.—LADIES’ FANCY
APRONS and SEWING BAG.
Silk, satin, cloth, cretonne or lawn
may be used for the bag, while lawn,
mull, linen o.r silk is suitable for the
aprons.
The patterns are cut in one size:
Medium* It requires %-yard of 27-
inch material for Heart Apron, 2Vs
y.-i-ds for Bretelle Apron and 1 yard
f r bag of 36-inch material.
I j. 9795.—AN ATTRACTIVE EVE
NINO FROCK FOR MiSSES
AND SMALL WOMEN.
: liik charmeuse with shadow lace
an ecru shade are here combined,
fhe.pattern is equally pretty for
new brocaded silks and crepes.
" voiles and other evening fabrics,
e pattern is cut in four sizes:
*6. 17 and 18 years. It requires
ards of 44-inch material for a
oar size.
NO. 9793.—LADIES’ HOUSE
DRESS.
Cray and white checked gingham
' used lor this model, with fac-
i ;s of gray on cuffs and collar.
it has a waist cut in surplice style,
finished, with deep tucks over the
front, and a neat low collar.
The skirt has deep hem tucks and
may be finished in raised or normal
waistline.
The pattern is cut in six sizes:
32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inches bust
measure. It requires, 7 yards of
36-inch material for a 38-inch size.
NO. 9765.—DOLL’S ONE-PIECE
SET OF UNDERWEAR.
These models comprise a new
Six Attractive Designs for the Home Dressmaker—Bargain Day-Any Two Patterns, 10 Cents
style chemise—and drawers—com
bination, a petticoat and waist, and
a night dress that may be finished
in Empire style.
The pattern comprises all styles
illustrated, and is cut in six sizes
for dolls: 14, 16. 18, 20, 22 and 24
inches in length. It will require 2
yards of 36-inch material for a doll
24 inches long, for the entire set.
To obtain ANY TWO of these de
sirable patterns, fill In the accom
panying coupon and mail with in
cents In silver or stamps to
BARGAIN DAY,
P. O. Box 260.
New York, N. Y.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
Send 10 cents in silver or stamps
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SUNDAY AMERICAN EXAMINER PATTERNS.
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"BARGAIN DAY.”
..Inches. No. 9795—Size ...
. .. Years.
No. 9783—Size
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