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1 0 <rcj w Germans Admit Russians Are Of fering Determined Resistance in Poland, but They Ciaim Teu ton Troops Are Making Gains. Repulse of Allies in Night Attack Is Claimed by Kaiser’s Soldiers in an Official Statement That Has Been issued at Berlin. Special Cable to The Amerloan. COPENHAGEN, Dec. 26.—A Ger man squadron of considerable size ia reported to have sailed out into the North Sea early to-day. proceeding toward the coast of England to give battle to the British fleet. PETROGRAD, Dec. 26.—The tier- man cruiser Hertha and a Germail mine-laver have been sunk in the Baltic Sea, according to inform&tioA received by the Russian Admiralty. No details accompanied the message telling of the Germans’ double loss, but Admiralty officials believe that the Hertha was sunk while it was try ing to protect the mine-layer in its operations along the Russian coast, being overtaken by a fast Russian cruiser. By FREDERICK WERNER. Special Cable to The Amerrcan. BERLIN, Dec. 26.—Though admit ting that the Russians are offering desperate resistance to the Germans in Poland, Berlin military experts de clare that the troops of Field Mar shal von Hindenburg are making steady progress and point out that the advance to Lubocz shows the Ger mans have gone 43 miles down the Pilica River Valley toward the Vis tula. Sifting of the official reports from Poland shows that the Germans have won no overwhelming victory there, and no claims are now being made to that effect. The effect of the Gei^nan advance, however, has been twofold. It has kept Silesia from menace, and is threatening Warsaw. Berlin experts are building the highest hopes on General von Hindenburg's exploits. Despite the early exaggeration of the Russian retreat in Poland, they an ticipate the fall of Warsaw at an early date, with a consequent crippling of the Russian army for months. This, they declare, will strengthen the of fensive in the west through the addi tion of troops sent from the east. (Note—The foregoing dispatch was passed by the German censor. It is the first received from Berlin substan tiating the Russians’ declaration that they were not routed in Poland.) French and Germans Try New Drives. PARIS, Dec. 26.—Severe fighting is In progress at two points to-day in France, the outcome of which will have an important bearing upon the great conflict. On the Moselle River the French troops are trying to reach Metz and cut the German lines of communication leading into Northern France. South of Arras the Germans are at. tempting a similar drive toward Amiens, from which radiate several railway lines upon which the French, Belgian and British troops in Flan- ders and the extreme northern part of France depend for their supplies, except as come from England through Dunkirk. Calais and Havre. Attempt to Rsaeh Amiena. News that the Germans are striv. ing to reach Amiens explains the continued fighting about the Albert, where the conflict rages from house to house, and the capture of a single trench or a gain of a few yards is considered important enough to chronicle In the official statements. Conflicting reports reach here as to the situation along the Moselle It la stated unofficially that the French have made so good progress there that they have been able to bring their heavy artillery to bear upon Metz and are shelling the outer fort* of the German stronghold in Lor raine. It is known that the French troops have made important gain* in the Julius Kruttschnitt Predicts Prosperity Clark Sees Peril of U. S. ‘Empire 9 +•+ +e+ +•+ +e+ +e+ +•+ +•+ * +e+ +e+ +e+ +e+ +e+ Speaker Analyzes State Rights Modern Inventions Which Wipe Out Boundaries and Indifference of Com monwealths, He Gives as Causes. WASHINGTON, Dec. 26.—Statesmen are giving much thought to the growing tendency of the American people to centralize im portant governmental functions in Washington. This political dis position of the people is generally regarded as momentous in its possibilities. The doctorine of State's rights unquestionably is giving way gradually before the pressure of a new Nationalism. Imuportant instanees of this tendency are to be found in the Hobson nation-wide prohibition resolution, the woman suffrage amendment to be debated in the House when Congress reassembles after the holidays, Postmaster General Burleson’s suggestion for Government ownership and control of telegraph and telephone lines, President Wilson’s proposal for Government ships, and many others. Whatever opinion one may hold in regard to these proposals, either individually or collectively, all Americans must be inter ested in the change in American thought of which these proposals are such striking manifestations. Second in authority only to the President, and second to no man in American political life in breadth of legislative experience and knowledge of American political history, no one is better able to discuss this important sign of the times than Speaker Champ Clark. The Speaker has written his views on this subject for the Hearst newspapers, and they are here presented with confidence that they will be of widespread interest. By CHAMP CLARK. Speaker of the House of Representatives. 'To those who, having eyes, see and, having ears, hear, it is clear as a crystal that the tendency in this country for several years has been to concentrate all governmental functions in Wash ington, and this tendency is growing at an amazing rate. The Ham iltonians are glad of it. All others, who think on the subject, re gret it, but they can not shut their eyes to the fact that such a ten dency not only exists, But is increasing. Our dual system of government—State and national—-is an involved system; in many respects a system in conflict with itself. The makers of the Constitution were, perhaps, the wisest set of men ever assembled under one roof. They thought that the general government should be clothed with powers sufficient for dealing with foreign nations and for control in those matters in which we are interested as a nation; but they believed that the State govern ments the most competent instrumentalities for the exercise of local functions. INVENTIONS WIPE OUT STATE LINES. Little by little, however, the Federal Government is taking over many of the functions formerly regarded as belonging to the States. Some of the reasons for this tendency to have the Federal Government do all things are not far to seek. They are as plain as the nose on Lord Napier’s face. Among the reasons or causes, I would name first and foremost modern inventions—such as telegraphs, railroads, steamboats, etc. These have brought the various parts of our wide extended do main into closer juxtaposition, have made neighbors of Maine and California^, Oregon and Florida. They in a large sense have oblit erated State liues and have been the direct means of multiplying business in the Federal Courts, many fold, thereby diminishing the power of the individual States and increasing enormously the power of the Federal Government. This, taken in connection with the growth in numbers and wealth of corporations, has taken to the Federal Courts most of the more important and profiatble litigation. COURTS' MOST SWEEPING RULE. In a business way the most far-reaching court decision ever rendered in America was the dne declaring a corporation to be a citizen of the State in which it has its headquarters within the meaning of the Constitution conferring jurisdiction on Federal courts where a citizen of one State sues a citizen of another State. The most important clause in the Constitution, the one which has wrought the most prodigious changes, is the one conferring control of interstate commerce on the Federal Government. It is an interesting fact that that clause was inserted as a compromise and as a result of a log-rolling performance. New England and New York wanted it. The extreme Southern States wanted the African slave trade to continue until 1808. So these two extreme and widely separated sections entered into an arrangement, where by, voting together, they overrode the Central States. The Federal Government was endowed with control over interstate commerce and the African slave trade was continued until 1808. A COMMITTEE ’S RISE. Of course, interstate commerce at that time amounted to little, but it has grown with our growth and strengthened with our strength until it is staggering in the figures of its volume. When I first came to Congress, in 1893, the Committee on In terstate and B^oreign Commerce did not stand in importance higher than seventh or eighth among the committees of the House. Now it is really the leading committee in the House, next to the Com mittee on Ways and Means. An examination of the Congressional Record for the last five years will show that barring tariff bill making sessions, more time is consumed in discussing bills from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce than bills from any other committee except Appropriations. It superintended the building of the Panama Canal; with its pure food bills and bills of kindred character, it has been instru- VOL. II. NO. 38. (Copyright, 1913, by The^Beorgian Company.) ★★★ ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1914. Southern Pacific Executive Chairman Believes Bottom Reached and Upturn at Hand. LOS ANGELES, Deo. 26.— Julius Kruttschnitt, chairman of the execu tive committee of the Southern Pacific Company, and one time E. H. Harri- man’s right-hand man in matters per taining to practical railroading, believes that better times are at hand, and that prosperity for the whole country is not far distant. He said so upon his arrival In Los Angeles, heading a party of high South ern Pacific officials on his annual tour over the system. “It may be simply a state of mind,’’ said Mr. Kruttschnitt, “but I can’t help but believe that we have ‘touched bottom’ and that conditions are im proving. I am confident that we have seen the worst and that better times are ahead of us. “The European war was directly re sponsible for only a small part of the conditions, but business interests are so intertwined that, like a house of cards, when one card is hit the whole house fall6.’’ Pitchforks, Shovel, Used in Lawmaking WASHINGTON. De. 26.—'The annual report of the Secretary of the Senate carries some Items of expenditures that seem odd for such an august body. On the list of disbursements axe these items: Two pithforks, one scoop shovel 'and 48 horseshoes Under “medicines and lotions’’ are: One bottle of gargling oil, one bot tle of liniment, one bottle of balsam, one ’ pound of powdered rosin, five pounds of salts, five pounds of hoarhound drops, two bottles of headache cure, two dozen seidlitz powders, one pound soda mint tablets and nine packages of Cop enhagen snuff. One exhaust-heater stuffing nut cost 70 cents. The sum of $122 50 was paid for meals served to Senate pages detained at the Capitol for night sessions. A local hardware concern was paid $7.65 for cleaning and adjusting revolv ers. No Farms Wanted For Belgians in U. S. WASHINGTON, Dec. 26.—The Bel gian Government resents the activities of certain philanthropically disposed per sons In the United States who have started a movement to induce Belgian farmers to immigrate to the United States after the close of hostilities. It was believed the United States would offer a haven and a refuge for numerous Belgians, particularly the farmers, and the attention of the In terior Department was directed to the matter. The Department took the mat ter up promptly with representatives of Belgium here, and it then developed that the Belgian Government did not think it a good thing, and resented the movement. It was explained that after the close of hostilities Belgium will need its farmers. Letter Carrier Frozen On Ice Floe in Lake CHEBOYGAN, WIS., Dec . 26.— When an ice floe drifted ashore this morning from Bdis Blanc Island, in Lake Huron, Fred Roberts,' a mail carrier, drove his dog sled from the floe to the nearest lighthouse with tlje body of Joseph White, another car rier, frozen stiff beside him. Roberts himself was severely frost-bitten and unable to walk. The two men had been carried away from Bois Blanc Island Christmas Eve, when a change in the wind drift ed the floe out into the lake. ‘Save-a-Baby’ Cry Throughout Florida JACKSONVILLE, FLA., Dec. 26.— Save a baby is the cry throughout Flori da. Under the auspices of the Chil dren's Home Society, a campaign to bring Christmas cheer and hope to the “kiddies” is sweeping over the State. A “save a baby club” is In full swing here, and the idea has / spread rapidly elsewhere. Social and religious workers are aiding to spread the movement by collecting clothing, money and food. The articles will be shipped to the “Save a Baby” headquarters for distribution Christmas week. Two Fatally Shot In Graveyard Duel LOUISVILLE, KY., Dec. 26.—John Center and Soldier Noble, having quarreled at Hazard, Ky., Christmas Day, agreed to repair to a graveyard and fight a duel with pistols. Both fell at thi first fire so badly wounded they are not expected to live. Spanish Dreadnought For Opening of Canal MADRID (via Paris), Dec. 26.—Ad miral Miranda, Minister of Marine, an nounces that the Spanish Government will be represented at the opening cere monies for the Panama Canal by a delegation headed by Vice Admiral Es trada on board the dreadnought Es- pana. SACRIFICE IS BELITTLED BY CLEARY “She Did Not Save My Life; I Knew I Would Go Free,’’ Says Father of Girl Who Told Story of Her Shame at Murder Trial. “Anna Will Be Happier With Us Than as the Wife of Eugene Newman, and She Wanted to Atone,” Declares Freed Parent. NEW YORK, Dec. 26.—While little Mrs. Anna Cleary Newman lay in her room prostrated by the ordeal she had undergone when In court she swore away hei* reputation to save her father’s life, William V. Cleary, the acquitted man, was jubilantly telling a reporter that he would have beaten the case without her aid. “Do I think she saved my life?” he asked. “Why, no. I know I would be acquitted the second day I woke up In jail. It was very fine of her to take the stand for me. Please say she offered to do it herself, and was not forced to by either my counesl or myself. However, I am sure that even without her help I would have been acquitted. You see, I did not know what I was doing; so how could I have been guilty? “She Wished to Atone.” “Anna knew she had disgraced us and so she wished to do all that lay in her power to atone. We did not know she would testify until the Monday before the trial. She insist ed upon doing her share. That scene ! in the courtroom was pitiful, wasn’t | it? You see, I hadn’t seen Anna since » my arrest. I told my wife not to l bring my boy or girl up while I was in jail, and that was the first time I had seen Anna. “It was this way: Anna loved her husband, or thought she did, and when this terrible thing happened—I mean when I killed the boy—she was just prostrated and for some time al most incapable of thinking. But aft er a while the calamity that had be set me became paraxnount in her mind and she determined to help save me, though I knew all along that I would be acquitted. Sure She Will Be Happier. “While I would certainly undo my act if it lay in my power, I feel sure Anna will be happier with us than if she were the wife of Eugene New man. Marriages of that kind always end in misery; whereas now she will just take up the threads of her for mer life and be happy. She intends to resume her music. She is a splen did pianist. When she recovers her health all will be as before. “My wife and I will sail for a long visit with friends io the South. We expect to spend some time in Florida. No, I do not think Anna will go along, though we may change our minds and take her. Upon my return I will go back to Haverstraw and take up my old work and style of living. I am not afraid of anyone up there, in spite of the threats that have been made against me. “Free From Shadow.” “I am merry because I feel no shadow resting upon me. When I killed young Newman I was drunk and the whole thing seems like a dream. I remember nothing of the happening, and so know that my work and life will not be affected by remembrance of the crime. The worst thing of it all was those months in jail.” Cleary laughed when informed that the papers had stated he was to sign a pledge. “I never said I was going to sign a pledge never to drink again,” he said. “I always have drunk like a gentle man. If I was a drunkard and ’bar room politician,’ as I have been called, I would not have been so affected by the liquor I consumed the night be fore this crime. That proves I never drank much.” When Cleary was talking several friends dropped in to make merry over his acquittal. He greeted them all in a jovial manner and spent several minutes on the telephone, ar ranging for other men friends to call in the evening for a celebration. “You can see for yourself how my friends have stuck to me,” he said. “We have not lost a single friend through this trouble, but have gained some. We owe it to these friends to Continued on Pago 4, Column 2. mental in creating an army of Federal officeholders so numerous that it would make the fathers turn over in their graves could the^ contemplate it. To show how rapidly the business of Federal Government has grown, take the Committee on Postoffices and Postroads. When 1 entered Congress in 1893 the appropriation for the Postoffice De partment was about $50,000,000; now it is about $300,000,000. A HALF-BIILION SERVICE. I heard Judge Moon, of Tennessee, the able chairman of that committee, say on the floor of the House not long since that in a very few years the annual appropriations of that committee would amount to $500,000,000. Why this enormous growth 1 1. Because a multitude-of towns have grown into the situa tion required for free city delivery. 2. Because the establishment of Rural Free Delivery, which, beginning experimentally in 1893-4, now costs the Government $43,000,000 per annum. 3. Because the Government has established the Postal Savings Bank and the Parcel Post. 4. Because every mail car running into a great city is a post- office on wheels, not only segregating the mail for that city, but subdividing it into parcels for the various sub-postoffices, thereby making it ready for the carriers’ hands the moment the train reaches the depot, thereby expediting the delivery by a few min utes. And in this day one minute is more important than a month when the world was young and Methuselah was tabernacling in the flesh. All these things cost money and create officeholders, and these officeholders look to Congress for everything, thereby increasing the power of the Federal Government. It is only fair to state that the Postoffice Department is now self-sustaining—in fact, produces a surplus. STATES ABDICATE FUNCTIONS. But of all the causes which tend to centralize all functions of government in Washington, the fact that the State governments have practically abdicated many of their functions heads the list. Numerous things that the States ought to do are not done by them, but are passed on to the Federal Government. Macaulay says that Sir Robert Walpole was “avaricious of*power.” The great histo rian might well and truly have extended his remark to include all mankind. Consequently Congress has gone on legislating on subjects over which its jurisdiction is shadowy and doubtful, until the en tire fabric of the Government is rapidly becoming a consolidated empire. The things ought to be done. The States ought to do them, but neglect and refuse to do them. The people want them, aud Congress, being in a cort plaisant frame of mind, does them, thereby exalting the Federal Go vernment at the expense of the State gov ernments. , DIRE NEED OF GOODS This 'Edition ot The American > Consist* of tho Followlno Section*: 1— Lat© New*. 5—Magazine, 2— Sport*, Auto* and 4—Editorial and City i Want*. Life. j S—Society. S—Comic*. Be Sure You Get Them All Germany Had Virtual Trade Mo nopoly in Czar’s Domain—War Upsets Arrangements and Deal ers Turn to America for Needs. Military Officers Commandeered Nearly All Automobiles at Start of Hostilities, and Demand for Trucks Is Becoming Enormous. By JONATHAN WINFIELD. WASHINGTON, Dec. 26.—The shattering of the great German trade with Russia has opened up a large and growing field for the manufactur ers and merchants of other nations, and American consular agents in that country are calling attention to the possibilities for developing a market for American goods in the Czar’s do main. As a result of the war, Russian not only is obliged to seek new sources from which to draw its imports, but also is called upon to readjust its centers of distribution and its chan nels of trade. A large share of its import trade will remain permanent ly in the hands of those who can in troduce immediately articles hitherto furnished by the nations of Central Europe. The large number of Ger man ’ and Austrian business houses and banks established in Russia prac tically have ceased operations. Germans Well Intrenched. The German commercial organi zations in Russia were so firmly es tablished and so closely connected with branches scattered over the en tire-country that they were'in a posi tion to substitue goods furnished by other countries by German products of a similar type. The great bulk of the trade in the Caucasus district was held by German concerns until the outbreak of the war, and is now in a state of complete disorganization. Russian merchants, therefore, are left in a position where they are obliged to buy their goods in other markets and to establish direct con nections with manufacturers or in duce them to establish agencies in the principal distributing centers, like Petrograd, Moscow, Odessa and Riga. Dealers at these places have applied to American consuls for the names and addresses of the manufacturers of American goods, such as motors, pumps, automobiles, motorcycles, hardware, electrical goods and me chanical appliances of all kinds. Demand for Autos. Consular agents point out that the time is particularly favorable for the introduction of automobiles, motor trucks and other vehicles, as practi cally all those in the country have been requisitioned for military pur poses. As soon as the danger of fur ther requisitions has passed the de mand for all classes of motor vehicles will be large, '"otor trucks were commonly used in the oil fields, mines, on farms, by factories, for passenger traffic and for general traffic on the . roads to Persia. The large American manufacturers of agricultural machinery already have agencies, and their business will be considerably increased by the elim ination of German competition. There is a good demand for hy draulic motors, traction engines, pow er transmitting machinery and marine motors to replace the German ma chines. Sawmill machinery also is needed. The necessity for sending out com mercial travelers with samples has been repeatedly pointed out by local dealers, and is strongly recommended in view of the enormous market in Russia for many lines of present con ditions, which have created unprece dented opportunities for enterprising American manufacturers. Doctor Badly Burned Saving Three Women DENVER, COLO., Dec. 26.—Seven ty-five guests were routed from their rooms and five were badly burned in a fire at the Buckingham, a fashionable Capitol Hill apartment building, eacjy this morning. Dr. William E. Stenen rescued three women from the flamos, and was badly burned. HAMP CLARK, Speaker of the House of Representatives, who sets his face sternly against the constant aggrandize ment of the powers of the central government. 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