Newspaper Page Text
2
; !
Methods for Absolute Reduction of Germany 'S
Resources Are Not Being Pursued, Declares
Europe's Foremost Military Expert.
Continued From Page 1.
‘Saly, which may operate upon the
ROV nt of the blackading nation
% make the blockade of its enamy
.1) Religion: As when it would he
thought implous to prevent certain
-~ objects, cr certain men in diw.
ge of a sacred office, from pass
-1 through the biockading lines This
b is absolute, but it has to
a 1 belleve, Mttle weight
. {3) Momal: That is when the vari
‘Ous parties to a combat are agreed
upon certain things as humane and to
be tolerated upon either side Thus
it might be thought inhuman to cut
off mnpv-l!y and yet tolerable to
out off food. The morals Aiffer from
religion in this, that they are mattess
of contract and of reason
(2 A greater military advantage to
Be obtalned: As when you propose
to bring In as your ally later on (or
~what s the same thing, to prevent his
fAghting aguinst you) some one whose
w of goods to the enemy in a
matter of trade is vital to him
‘or when you yourself need such sup
. and fear its being cut off from
’ ' if you offend the neutral by
" the enemy's market,
Russians Are Blocking
Advance by the Germans
. BERLIN (via Amsterdam), Feb 27
While it fa admitted that the Russian
fyoops in Poland, reinforced upon the
Mne to which they retreated after be
fz defeated in East Prussia, are ob
s resisting the German ad
m dispatches from the front re
: here to-day assert that the op.
erations are proceeding in & manner
!%mw(m to Fleld Marshal
‘von bure.
The Russians, who succeeded In
“ngz the Bobr River early in the
m. been driven back to the
Jest and Ossowlec, whioh
| the crossing hetwean CGrodno
1 Lomza, & being bombarded by
: artillery. Two of the four
" on the right bank of the Bobr
at Ossowlec are reported to have been
. Many houses in the town
of Ossowlec, which lles on the left
» are in flames.
Kaiser’s Mortars Busy
Hammering the French
By FRANKLIN P. MERRICK,
PARIS, Feb, 27.-—-The Germans are
again bombarding Arras and Sols
sons as the result of French troog
goncentrations in Lhose ities, acC
oording to dispatches received in Par- |
is to-day. The big German mortars
have done terrific havoe at Arras, and
8 great part of the city is in ruins
Despite rainy, feggy weather In
West Flanders, artillery dueling lis
———— e oS e
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anything but a real studio Kodak lab.
You waste your time and money. Send
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Peachtree, for efficlency.
Deep Seated Colds
YIELD TO :
L/ A
DR.BULLS
"THROUGH ITS MILD
SOOTHING ACTION
iR {7 P A N
N
PR R ] 5 SN
i e Ty :;:;i Y ]
1@ gits It 2\ %"fi
ol e
: gAY
(4) A private interest As when
merchants becoming wealthy by ex
port to the enemy, direct or ind!-
rect, prefer thelr advantage to that
of the commonweaith and have power
over the Government to make their ad
vantage prevail -and this iast cause
may operate in many ways and in the
moxt roundabout fashion— through
ship owners as much as by merchants
—through men who fear any general
Alminution of trade throughout the
world as nitimately certaln to react
upon trade they do themselves—
through financiers who may pretend,
or, if they are sufficlently stupld, be-
Heve, that the counters with which
they deal are the lubrication of ex
change, are squivalent to wealth it
sef, but who most commonly have no
[oh"ofl but their personal enrichment,
being men without national affections,
and at large between all combatant
parties
It is incumbent upon those who pre.
for to leave the blockade of Germany
imperfect to explain which of these
causes they invoike for their action.
and to make It quite clear that they
‘have a better reason for leaving that
‘blockade incomplete than they would
have for making it perfect
. Nome of the forts a! Ossowiec sas
strong as those destroyed by the Ger
man guns at Liege, Namur and Mau
beuge, and news of the fall of Osso
wiec i 8 expected momentarily by the
German milltary experts.
With thelr advance to Wyszogrod,
om the right bank of the Vistula, the
Germans have effacted a marked -ain
in their efforts to throw a circle of
steel about Warsaw. The recently as.
sumed Russian offensive southwest
of Warsaw is taken here to be an at
tempt to force the withdrawal of
(lerman troops from north of the
Vistula to strengthen General von
Mackenzen's forces.
That commander, however, g un
derstood to have reported that his
m‘mm along the Bezura and Rawka
vers are practically impregnable,
and that he needs no help In with
#tanding the aporadic Russian as
saults,
[st!ll in progress there. A considera
'ble amount of French artillery has
been placed at the disposal of the
Belgians, who are shelling the Ger
man lines near Ostend. |
Infantry fighting in the fnmta‘
north of Verdun has cost the Germans
heavily. In the Bois Forges peumnta“
have been working for two days bury
ing the dead, and still many bodies re
main upon the ground. Farther to the
south, in the Meuse Valley, near St
Mihiel, the French have repulsed with
heavy losses attempts of the Germans
to retake some of the ground they
lost
There is a double bend In the River
Meuse at that point, forming a let
ter “S.” Ailly, which has been men
tioned in the recent official dispatches,
lles at the eastern extremity of the
lower bend. The French occupy a
strong pusition on the eastern bank of
the stream, and are throwing shoun‘
across the river into the German lines
on the west bank. ‘
There has been no decisive result
during the last few days’ fighting in
the Vosges and Upper Alsace. |
May Be Used in War
. ROME, Feb. 27.--Dispatches from
'Vienna say the Austrian Government
has taken a census of the church bells
‘ln the Empire with the object of
requisitioning them eventually for the
\purpnse of extracting the copper for
military purposes.
' The consent of the eccleslastical
authorities has already been obtained
conditionally. The churches are not
to -be entirely deprived of bells, the
traditional and historical bells being
spared. In the meantime the Govern
ment is buying up all the available
copper. The bells will be taken over
as a last resort.
.
Berlin Case Patrons
ish 0
Furnish Own Bread
BERLIN (via London), Feb. 27.—
Restaurant customers must bring
their bread with them, and the price
of beer has gone up. Now the pleas
ures of Berliners again has been di
minished by the news that hereafter
all restaurants and cases and night
cabarets and case chantants must
close their doors at 1 o’clock.
This order was issued by the mili
tary authorities, who found that, de
spite the war, night life in Berlin was
again coming into bloom and display
ing certain characteristics incompati
ble wth the serious spirit of the times,
Spain Orders ips
pain Orders 59 Ship
. .
'of War Built in 6 Yrs,
? MADRID, Feb 27.—Parliament has
| sanctioned the construction in six years
| of four cruisers, six destroyers, twenty.
! eight submarines, three gunboats and
'eigmeen coast defense vessels, It also
provided for the acquisition of subma
{ rine mines and the repair docks and
‘wm‘ka at Serrol, Cadiz, and of Carta
na. The total cost is to be $55,000,-
| §6O.
R A o e . o e,
Quality, Economy and Co
operation are basic principles
of good business. Read the
tag on your telephone book.
| - s
Kaiser’s Harem
L€ - -
Is Awaited in
5 .
Constantinople
‘ ONDON, Febh. 27— The press
4 L bureau the Germans estab
| lished at Constantinople is
} sending out some truly e
‘,% furesque war news the Calro eor
{ respondent of The Chronicle
! writes. He says Terjimande As
E kin, an Asia Minor pablication,
. bas the Kalser in Paris thus:
“The discourse delivered by His
' islamic Majesty William 11 when
instalied on the throne In the
anclent French Parliament Hall
will live as an unforgettable rec
ord of his magnificent exploits
Surrounded by his vanquished
foes, he offered his imperial hand
to be kissed by all the former Dep
, uties of the French Chamber,
| whose hearts were touched by the
! splendid magnanimity of His
! lslamic Majesty.”
; Perhaps to emphasize that the
;Kainr and the members of his
;mmurm are true followers of
¢ Islam The Hanumlah Ghazettasch
{ publishes in its court news:
! “The harem of His Imperial
Zldnmlo Majesty William 11 will
. arrive at Constantinople at the
§mlm\ing of spring. Six of the
{ most powerful dreadnoughts
! which have been captured from
| the British will escort the impe
{ plal harem.” ’
London’s Famous
.
übs Near Ruin;
’
Noted Places Also Frowned On by
Military Chiefs Because Some of
Girl Visitors May Be Ger
man Spies.
| By PHILIP EVERETT,
LONDON, Feb. 27.-Unless some
thing happens soon to pwt an
end to the war, several of Lon
don's famous clubs probably will
be forced to close, as their list of
members is dwindiing steadily, and,
with the dally attendance growing
smaller, many of them have been
forced to put up their prites for
meals. This, for instance, is the case
with both the Cariton and the Con
stitutional,
The distress of the exclusive clubs
is due partly to the desire to econo
mige, but principally perhaps to the
fact that members find little use for
places where nothing stronger than
lemonade or ginger ale is to be had
after 10 at night and from where you
‘have to grope your way home in dark
‘ness if you are not fortunate enough
to possess a private motor car.
The night clubs, on the other hand,
‘are doing excellent business, though
it is hardly appropriate to call them
‘night clubs any more, when their
busiest hours are between 4 and 7 in
‘th afternoon.
It you enter the Murray Club, for
}lnstamre. any afternoon during these
hours, formerly devoted to the sip
ping of insipid tea, you will ind the
ballroom illuminated and the pol
ished floor crowded with dancers,
while all around the prettiest girls in
London are seated at little tables
chatting with men in khakl The
mere civilian is persistently overlook
ed, and might as well be air.
The War Office, I am informed,
feels rather unfriendly toward these
night clubs, because they du not con
sider that they are the best training
place for men who have plenty of
hard work ahead of them at the front,
and, possibly also because it is feared
that some of the fair sirens to be
found there may be German spies.
Closed in War Zone
PARIS, Feb. 27.-—A committee 18 being
formed in Paris by patrons of music,
representing France, Great Sritain, Rus
sia, Belgium and the United States,
with the object of creating and endow
ing an institution for the rellef of dis
tress among opera sihigers, choristers
and musicians.
Forty opera houses in France and Bel
glum have been indefinitely closed.
Otto H, Kahn, chairman of the exec
utive board of the Metropolitan ()Rlerl
House, New York, it isß understood, is
dlrecunf Amerioanadparxmpation in the
plan. It is intend to convert one of
the Parisian theaters into an operatic
academy, in which Jean de Reszke and
Henry Russell, director of the Boston
Opera Company, will assist. ‘
Finds Short Men Are
The Better Fighters
LONDON, Feb. 27.—The short man
makes the better fighter, says Dr. M. S,
Pembrey, lecturer on physiology at
Guy's Hospital, London, in a discussion
before the Royal Sanitary Institute.
This he bases on a careful study of the
flghtlng'cnpacity of tall and short races
and also of the tall men and short men
of the same race.
The essentia!l organs in the head and
trunk are often better developed in the
short than in the tall man, the weight
of brain beim‘;l relatively greater in the
short man and the reaction time not so
long.. The tall men of full proportions
are heavy and slow.
‘Wrecked Submarine
Believed Famous U-9
CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY, Feb.
27 —Beveral bodles wearing German
naval uniforms were found to-day in
the wreckage of a submarine washed
up near Christiansand, according to
dispatches received here. They as
sert there is no further doubt that
the wrecked craft is the famous sub
marine U-9,
All of her crew of 26 men are be
lieved to have perished.
HEARST'S SUNDAY AMERICAN. ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY. FEBRUARY 328 1415
AMERIGAN FINDS BERLIN
CAY DESPITE THE WAR
Restaurants and Shops Running Smoothly and
Little Unemployment Visible, Reports Col,
FKdwin Embrson After Five Months Visit,
’ By COL. EDWIN EMERSON.
(WhAo has just returned to the United States after spending five monihs
with the German armies.)
Berlin was having its first snowstorm when [ left in January,
otherwise the city was practically unchanged from former times.
To a casual observer, Berlin reveals scarcely any signs of the war,
except the growing numbers of wounded officers and soldiers in
their gray uniforms, walking about with bandages about their
heads or with their arms in slings, or hobbling on canes.
Another intermittent echo of the war is the occasional joyful
ringing of ehurch bells and fluttering
of flags In honor of some new victory
reported by Marshal Hindenburg of
his fellow generals at the eastern
trmnt Of newspaper extras and
crowds around news bulletins there
are less in Berlin than in New York.
Otherwise the life of Berlin ever
since the first profound sensation of
the war in early August has followed
its old course
The street cars, motor buses, taxi
cabs and horse carriages run as usual,
and so do the Berlin subway and
slevated rallroads.
All Shops Open.
All shops and restaurants are open
and show no visibie effects of the war,
8o are the schools, publie Institutions,
banks and theaters. The prices of
food and of entertainments are the
same as before the war,
Bvery time | was in Berlin the Roy
al Operas and the Bymphony Soclety
were giving regular performances.
The sow times | got the chance to go
to the opera | found the house packed.
Cheerful in Face of All
Smaller Food Privations
. In regard to the smaller privations
’nf Jife entailed by the war, such as
Trye bread instead of wheat rolls, the
absence of mutton and of imported
tinned goods from America, as well as
the constant interruption and delays
of the mails, most Germans that I
met tuok a cheerful tone, making a
joke of It, instead of a grievance
Among the soldiers at the front the
:ood supplies are absolutely undimin-
Personally I am inclined to doubt
that Germany can really be starved
into submission. From what 1 have
learned through competent sources |
feel positive that Germany has enough
food supply of one kind and another
to hold out until the coming harvest,
and if that is reasonably good, until
the next year.
Thanks to Germany's highly devel
oped system of state control, the Gov
ernment has most of these vexing
problems well in hand. As a resuit
you see no bread line in Germany, no
bundle days, and no beggary in the
streets.
| Big Industries Busy.
. In fact, most of the great industrial
concerns have kept busily working,
and with many of them, for instance
with coal mines and iron foundries,
the Government has gone to the ex
treme length of not calling the labor
ers to the colors.
In Berlin and elsewhere the Gov
ernment has started new enterprises
or resumed some that were previously
planned, such as the building of new
streets, bridges, tunnels, highways
and canals. In Berlin alone 1 saw
Sees Great Heroism Shown
By Soldiers of Both Sides
Doubtless this is what General
Joffre meant in his startling inter
view when he said that “the famous
Prusstan Guard ls only a matter of
uniforms now. New and untried men
are wearing the uniforms of the great.
est soldiers in Europe.”
Qeneral Joffre’s implied inference
that the recruits of the Prussian
Guards will not come up to the stand
ard of the failen veterans, I think, is
misleading. The stern school of war
‘makes veterans very rapidly.
Personally, 1 don’t pretend to be an
adequate judge of - the comparative
fighting spirit of English and French
soldiers as against Germans.
All Showed Heroism.
I know from personal observatior®
at the front that the French and Eng-
Msh in Flanders showed just as much
heroism as the Germans. What is
more, they were given full credit for
it by most of the German officers and
men with whom [ discussed this sub.
ject in the trenches. Most Germans
expected from the start that thoir
French foes would be worthy of their
steel in every sense, but in the case
of the English this came as a sur
prise to them.
In regard to the Russians, there is
much open contempt, both in Ger
many and Austria. The Russians have
outnumbered both the Austrians and
Moltke Says Kaiser Will
Win, but Admits Long War
BERLIN, Feh. 27.—While he admits
much remains to be done before the
Kaiser can dictate terms of peace to
the nations involved in the war, Gen
eral von Moltke, late chief of staff,
declared in an interview with The
Vossische Zeitung that Germany will
ultimately win.
In view of the various rumors con
cerning General von Moltke's myste
rious disappearance from the theater
of war, the interview is of especial in
tarest.
Count Moitke bégan the conversa
tlon with a joke.
“You want to make sure whether I
am still alive, don't you?"
General von Moltke was asked con
cerning reports that he had been the
head of the war party and was one of
those responsible for the war.
“Nobody in Germany wanted the
war,” he sald; “neither I nor anybody
else. We were provoke in a manner
which permitted no other answer. If
we had wanted to fight, we had far
better opportunities to do so hundreds
of times. If the lust of war really had
been on us, why did we not begin war
during the Russo-Japanese confiict,
‘when Russia was defenseless?
“Why not when England had her
The only form of amusement that bas
been stopped on account of the war,
#o far as | couid tell, are the officers’
}hom races und the all-night dance
ralis.
Resigned to War.
Private dances have also been
largely discontinued,. for reasons of
propriety, since so m&wu
have lost relatives at the nt; but
you must not imagine from this that
the social life of Berlin is plunged in
gloom. During my short stays in
Berlin 1 was invited to all kinds of dl
versions and social functions,
What is true of Berlin is also true of
most other German cities and towns
in which I had opportunh; to see
mhln‘g“of their inner iife. The
truth is the Germans, as :dpoople.
have mtmw themselves to
the war as inevitable, and
are facing ita evils and lu&o.lbu
portentious oconsequences wi that
cheerful spirit with which a healthy
and brave people accept what can not
be helped.
[thouund. of men last December en
gaged in tunneling a new subway.
It is really astonishing how many
able-bodied young men you still see
‘everywhere in the interfor of Ger
many. Of the million and a half
young men under age who offered to
enlist as volunteers in the first weeks
of August, so far but half a miilion
‘have been aocorud
| From what have seen of Ger
many's and Austria's reserve supplies
of men I belleve in the correctness of
M. Hilaire Belloc's recent estimate
that Germany and Austria ou;‘dput
4,000,000 fresh troops into the fi in
the next twelve months, If necessary.
Sees Regiment Depleted.
While at the front, especially in
Flanders, I was astonished at the way
the Germans kept filling up the gaps
in their ranks. During some of the
flercest fighting at Laßassee | was
with the 114th Infantry at RBaden,
General von Emmich’s old regiment !n
the Fourteenth Army Corps.
Immediately after the first hand-to
hand fight with the English at Gi
vanchy, close to Laßassee, which I
witnessed, this regiment, which had
marched out of Konstanz 3,000 men
strong, had only 343 men left.
Of the officers, the regiment had
lost its colonel, lisutenant colonel,
senlor major and twelve out of lis
thirteen company captains, besides
nineteen lieutenants.
Yet the places of all these men were
fireoontly filled by reinforcemnts from
onstanz, while the places of the
fallen officers were filled either by re
serve officers or by promotions, which
in the case of lleutenants came from
the ranks.
the Germans so overwhelmingly that
their comparatively few successes
have received little credit.
Every time Hindenburg delivers
another smashing blow at the Rus
sians, requiring the withdrawal of
German reserves from the west front,
the French and English take advan
tage of this weakening of thelir foe o
resume their offensive ;
To Be Long, Strenuous War.
Similarly, every time the Germans
try to take the offensive in the west
they immediately find themselves hard
beset by the Russians in their rear—ll
mean the east front. Therefore, big
victories over the Russians appear to
have little more effect than punching
a balloon. The moment the punch
stops, the balloon bulges out again.
In vilew of this situation, I do not
share the belief of most Germans that
a complete overthrow of the Russians
may be taken as the beginning of the
end. So far as I can judge, the war
has settled down to a sheer endurance
contest, with no end in sight but mu
tual exhaustion.
It remains to be seen whether the
British navy wiil not be found just as
efficilent now as in the days of the
Battle of the Nile, of Trafalgar, or
Copenhagen, when Admiral Nelson
laid the firm foundation of Fingland's
sea power,
hands full with the Boer War?
‘‘The political selfishness of Great
Britain alone has let loose the demons
of war which she had long prepared.
The Beigian question was only a
hypocritical pretext, quite in accord
ance with English precedent and cus
tom.
“But we may be sure that after the
war truth will prevall about the war's
origin. ‘History, in the long run,
never stands lies or nonsense.’ "
“Another question, your excellency.
What do you think is the outlook?”
Moltke said slowly and precisely:
‘“We are sure to win. Out at the
front and here at home I have had op
portunities to observe our nation, both
in arms and in civilian clothes, during
the war. Such a nation can not per
ish.
“We shall attain a peace which is
not only honorable, but which will
fully assert our ascendancy, We must
persevere and hold out. It may be a
long time until war is at an end.”
“If our eastern operations turn out
successfully, does your excellency be.-
lieve European peace will be nearer
in that case?”
“Of course. Our victories in Poland
are of the greatest importance.”
U. S. Officer Runs
Gauntlet of Teuton
Sharpshooters
Continued 'rom Page L
block of bulldings was smashed into
the street into an Indistinguishable
pile of rubble Not only bhouses
knocked into shapeless masses, but
i-tmu are obllierated py piles of Je
ibflo Not & sou! ireads the silent
ruins, the fear-stricken populace long
jm fled.
| The Modern Moles.
With characteristic Russian hospi
tality, Major Sokolowski invited me
to the commodious cavern Lhal servas
as his quarters. Going underground
from the bright suniight, | could vt
help thinking that the modern soldier
has developed the characteristics of
the mole. He lives underground, and
dughn the greatest activity at
night. By the dim rays of a single
candle, | make out a table, covered
with the outline of the orders of the
day. The adjutant sits before it, and
the routine of the regiment goes on
underground exactly as if they were
Hving a normal existence in bar
racks.
After a short visit, | went with two
Russian officers to the observation
station. This was in the garret of a
half-wrecked brick bullding, over
looking & bridge across the Bzura
The river looked fresh and blue in the
sunlight; the snow had disappeared,
and the ground before the German po
sitions was green with winter wheat,
The German trenches are hardly 500
yards distant. A line of raw earth
marks thelr position. At the back of
their trenches, near & wood, are the
artillery positions, and beyond these
some white buildings, which the Ru#-
sian officers tell me are hangars. Six
aeroplanes are housed there
There are elaborately constructed
saps that lead from one trench to
another. An order says that oficers
passing to and from the front line
should use this approach. But there
is a short cut, and as traversing it is
wpiced with danger, some officers al
‘'ways take this route. It is an open
;nramh of about 50 yards, commanded
by German sharpshooters.
; Running the Gantlet.
The game is to run that 50 vards
and not get hit. The adjutant went
first. He was halfway across when
three bullets plastered themselvos
against the bricks above his head My
turn was second. [ knew !ho‘n'nu..
as | had practiced it from the D=
shooters’ point of view myself. I knew
the whole squad would be ready to
welcome me, so 1 started out to beat
the 50 yvards' record. | had time to
count eight twanging shots before I
was safe beside the adjutant. [ felt
like a clay deer in a shooting gallery
under cover. I turned to enjoy watch
ing the others make their dash.
. The way into the trenches leads
through a cemetery, a grim road
enough for men whose profession is
killing. The east bank of the Bzura
rises 30 feet sheer from the river.
Alon{ the crest the trenches are con
structed; they are not elaborately
built, but have plenty of head cover.
The men sleep there, leaving only a
guard to watch the German move
ments. Rifles always lie in the loop
holes, and every few yards a shelf I 8
dug in the wall of earth for a box of
extra ammunition.
It is not the Germans' attack, but
the weather, which most affects the
spirits of the men. A week of alter~
nate snow and rain is enough to dis
courage men comfortabl housed
above ground, to say noth{ng of sol
diers who have to spend days and
nights in damp dugouts. One day of
bright sunshine starts the Russian
soldiers singing.
Lunch in a Cavern.
We stopped at the company omMm
cers’ quarters for lunch in a COma
fortable cavern. Captain Melinkof
welcomed us to what he called his
two-room subterranean flat with all
modern conveniences. The door,
taken from a house in Sochaczef, di
vided the kitchen and office from the
lliving and sleeping rooms. A stove
was crackling in one corner. A cof
fee pot was put on to boil as we en
tered. Two iron beds, a table and two
stools complete the furniture.
The officers were delighted with
our visit. They complained most of
the monotony of the life. It is hard
to conceive a position subject to con
stant attack and always suffering
more or less from shell fire as being
monotonous, but it was just the same
ness of these incidents that tries the
nerves of the officers.
While we ate, the eerie buzz of the
field telephone sounded. ‘“ls there
any change on your front?' was the
question from division headquarters,
twelve miles away. “All quiet here,”
was the answer, after one of the offi
cers had taken a hasty survey: but he
had hardly replied when a German
battery opened.
During the rest of the meal an offi
cer kept count of the shells that
whistled overhead—43 in an hour. The
trench cat purred against my ankles,
begging her share of lunch. Some
times our voices would be drowned
by the curious blast which a shot fired
from the trench makes. The pickets
at the loopholes let go at anything
that shows above the enemy’s
trenches. The whirr of an aeroplane
sounded overhead, and we came out to
see a Russian flier start on a recon
noisance.
Bidding good-bye (o our hosts, we
continued our inspection of the
trenches. We traveled for three
miles along the bank of the Bzura,
and from what T saw I do not belleve
the Germans can ever cross here. The
Germans must realize that this route
to Warsaw is impassable. The Rus
sians are too numerous and too well
intrenched. |
i
. . :
Britain to Halt All
LONDON, Feb. 27.—A blockade of
the coast of German East Africa will
go into effect at midnight Saturday
night by order of the British Govern
ment, and it is expected that on Mon
day Premier Asquith will announce in
detail the retaliatory method against
Germany upon which England,
France, Russia, Servia and Belgium
have agreed. :
The Government order as to the
German East African coast has re
moved, according to observers here,
the last doubt as to whether England
will preclaim a blockade of the North
Sea coast of Germany. They aasert‘l
that by March 15 a ring of British
warships will be in a position to halt'
every ship bound for Germany.
Monroe Plan Only Theory Backed by Might of
United States, Declares Writer Condemning
Excuses for Beginning of War,
Special Cable to The Sunday American.
LONDON.. Feb. 27 —-George Bernard Shaw writes the follow.
ing letter to The Nation
“Neutrality is an utter bumbug. That is my position There
is no sueh thing as a breach of n utrality, because there is no such
thing as peutrality I hope that is elear epough. The importance
of bringing this simple, natural fact home at present arises from
three considerations
‘l. The danger of obscuring the real issues of the war by the
false issue of nentrality of Belgium
2. The danger that instead of real
terms of peace, fictitious terms In the
form of fresh guarantees of neutrality
may be accepted as valid
l 3. General objection to throwing
stones when you live in a glass house
{md are aliied 1o the Eastern Powers,
,vm whole history is huge cucum~
ber frame.
Neutrality “Not Vielated™
“Those who insist that neutrality s
real and sacred are committed by
facts to the following propositions
. Germany has not violated Bel
lmn neutrality, she has made war on
Belgium, which her guarantee of Bel
glum’s neutrality in no way abrogat
ed her right to do, and her guarantee
of Belgium’s neutrality stil] stands in
spite of the war, and actually entities
her to treat the violation of it by an
other power as a casus belli
"2, France and England have vio
lated the neutrality of Belgium by
invading her and fiehtine on her sol!
though they are not at war with her
~ “3. Germany offered to keep peace
with Belgium on condition that a right
of way be granted, which RBritaln was
first to demand and enforce by war in
China.
~ *4. Britain and France refused to
respect Belgian neutrality except on
Calls Monroe Doctrine
Of America Balderdash
“l paas on to the Monroe Doctrine
cited as the supreme modern case of
neutral'zation. The Monroe Doctrine
is balderdash. It is not a doctrine at
all. Ite valldity to any Intelligent
person is exactly what it was to Cor
tez and Pizarro and the Mayflower
pllgrime, to Clive and Dupleix, Wil
liam the Conqueror, Caesar, Napoleon,
Hengist, Horsa, Joshua In Canasan,
Henry V in France, Kitchener in the
Sudan, ' Kruger and Cecil Rhodes in
South Africa, Strongbow in lreland,
Bdward in Scotland, Russia In Si
beria.
“Japan, in the advantage she has
‘ukcn of the war to make the siar
tling Frederician grab In Mongolia
and Manchuria, which has just leaked
out after months' concealment by our
Government.
“I have as much rigth to annex and
ravage the State of Colorado as
Rockefeller. If the British Empire
ever decides to annex the United
States, say with a view to improving
the local government, it will not take
the slightest notice of the Monroe
Doctrine, nor will public opinion of
the world be in the very faintest de
gree biased against it by breach
thereof.
In Reference to Canada.
“1¢ the United States should ever
decide to annex Canada on the ground
that the Monroe Doctrine obviously
requires exclusion of Britain from the
North American Continent, they have
to take exactly the same steps as if
Speculates on Results
Of Victory Over England
“Victory or defeat of the belliger
ents will not alter by one jot or tittle
either justice, human rights, ethnoloy,
religion or language.
“If England is right, defeat will not
put her in wrong. If Germany is in
the wrong, victory will leave her more
in the wrong than ever. The day for
believing the judgment of God s
given through the ordeal of battle is
gone by.
“Buropean - Americans professing
such belief nowadays, in the time of
peace would be removed to an asy
lum. We are fighting solely to grati
fy our pugnacity, satisfy our pride.
‘That is for the good of our souls; this
is the real glory of war; but it is
important that we be able to stop
when we have enough of it.
An Open Propesition.
“Neutrality and Monroe's folly be
ing thus banished to Saturn, what
realities do we find unmasked by their
‘disappearance? Simply that it opens
to any government or combination of
governments that declare it to make
war on any state that invades certain
specified territory.
“No government can possibly have
or acquire any right to do such thing,
but all states have the means to
make their threat good. Their mignt
will be accepted, perforce, as an ef
fective, practical substitute for theiy
right, but nothing can give that might
the validity of right.
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conditions which they knew woald not
be fulfilled and which in any case Bel
wium could not control; namely, that
Germany would keep peace with Bel.
glum.
P Ҥ. Germany offered peace in Bel.
s
Oreat Britain ordered war per
emptorly
Challenges World.
“1 defy any international jurist te
put a creditable complexion on these
propositions except by showing they
are the reductio ad absurdum of the
theory of neutrality, and admitting
that Belgium might as well have been
a free country as a neutralised one
for all the use the guarantes proved
“And because | was not mby
that theory, I have set myself, to
discredit the Belgian pretext for war
to induce our ministers and newspa
pers to drop It
“1 did so even before the documents
tound In Brussels by Germans left the
Forelgn Office so completely bowled
out on the Belgian point bw Ger
man Chancellor, that it not &
word to say and was reduced to hire
ing » street hoy to put out his tongue
at him. That was what came of not
taking my advice and evacuating an
nntenable position.
the Monroe Doectrine never had been
fformuéum or thought of. The Mon
roe Doctrine did not help the redskins
‘against the white man, and it did not
help the redskins' conqueror. When
his turn comes the Monroe Doctrine is
'a toss, and everybody knows It
l “Why Is it that Buropean milita
rists, who annex every country they
can conquer, are not at all likely to
annex America and even pretend to
respect the Monroe Doctrine as an
‘excuse for not trying to? Because
they are afraid of the army and navy
of the people of the United States.
“Why did Germany make war on
Belgium? Because she was afraid to
delay the rush to Paris by attacking
France through Lorraine and Alsace.
Why di4 she attack France? Because
she was terrified by Russian mobiliza
tion and afraid France would strike
her from behind when she was at
tacked bx‘Ruuln. .
Fighting Because of Fear.
“Why did we attack Germany? Be
cause we were afrald of her growing
naval strength and believed she would
bhe irresistible if she conquered.
“Russia and France thus left us
without effective allies. Frightened
animals are dangerous, and man is no
exception. We in the west of Bu
rope are all fighting because we were
afraid not to. If the war is to be con
cluded on ethical principles of any
sort, then the settlement will be ex
actly what would have been if there
had been no war. .
“Russia, Germany and Great Britain
had the power to set up Belgium as a
buffer state against France and make
France accept the arrangement. Brit.
ain had the power to maintain Afr
ghanistan as a buffer state against
Russia, Morocco as a buffer state be
tween Gibraltar and possible fortifica
‘tion of the opposite plllar of Her
cules by a rival.
‘ Only Belgians Have “ngh‘h."
. “France had the power to buy Brit.
ain out in Morocco by abandoning
figypt to her, meither party having
the smallest right to either Egypt or
Morocco, except the right of their
own will to be there.
“If you come to rights other than
the right of sword, which is might,
pure and simple, only the Relg'la.ns
have any rights in Belgium and the
so-called guarantors of Belgium oy
dictating her foreign policy, or rather
refusing to allow her to have any for
eign policy, and then failing to save
her from being overrun by Germans,
have more reason to blush at the
mention of her name than to invite
the admiration of the world for their
good faith to her,
“Of all her devastators and betray
ers, Germany has the most cause so
boast. She, at least, has been victo
rious, but they had better”all take
the hint from Lady Teazle, and leava
neutrality out of the question.”
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