Newspaper Page Text
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L N v i t 8
"Methods for Absolute Reduetion of Germany's
& Resources Are Not Being Pursued, Declares
.~ Europe’s Foremost Military Expert.
Continued From Page 1.
iy, which may operate upon the
B of the blockading nation
20 make the blockade of its enemy
~ (1) Religion: As when it would be
b t implous to prevent certain
4 objects. cr certaln men in dis
tharge of a sacred office, from pass
s LLPOUED the blockading Hnes. This
fi-mu is absolute, but It has to
@ay. ! belleve little weixht.
~ (2) Moral: That is when the vari.
v pariles to a combat are agreed
cortaln things as humane and to
tolerated upon either side. Thus
it might be thought inhumen te cut
i water supply and yet tolerabls to
out off food. The morals differ from
religion In this, that they are matiers
of contract and of reason.
(3) A greater military ndvantage to
be obtained: As when ynu Dpropose
1o bring in as your ally later on (or
what Is the same thing, to prevent his
fighting against you) some one whose
supply of goods to the enemy in a
‘#aple natter of trade is vital to him
‘or when you yourself need such sup
ply and fear its being cut off from
yourself, if you offend the neutral, by
closing the enemy’'s market.
Russians Are Blocking
Advance by the Germans
BERLIN (via Amsterdam), Feb. 27,
While it is admitted that the Russian
troops in Poland, reinforced upon the
line to which they retreated after be
ing defeated in East Prussia. are ob
stinataly resisting the German ad
vance, dispatches from the front re
celved here to-day assert that the op
erations are proceeding 'n a manner
highly satisfactory to Field Marshai
von Hindenburg.
The Russians, who succeeded In
crossing the Bobr River early In the
week, have been driven back to the
Jest bank, and Ossowiec, whioh
guards the crossing between Grodno
and Lomza, is being bombarded by
German artillery. Two of the four
forts on the right bank of the Robr
at Ossowlec are reported to have been
destroynd. Many houses In the town
of Ossowiec, which lles on the left
bank, are In flames. |
Kaiser’s Mortars Busy
Hammering the French
By FRANKLIN P. MERRICK,
PARIS, Feb 27.-The Oermans are
. again bombarding Arras and Sois
gnm as the resuit of French troop
S concentrations in those cities, ac
icordln; to dispatches received in Par
~ is to-day. The big German mortars
- have done terrific havoc at Arras, and
~ & great part of the city is in ruins.
= Despite ralny, foggy weather In
fiw‘m Manders, artillery dueling lis
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ot " :
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anything but a real studio Kodak lab.
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SRR
Cough Syrup
R LR R
oyt ok
gt L\?NGS os - \L
PRyt T ‘;i
Pl Vo
. {4) A private interest As when
merchants bhecoming wealthy by ex
port to the enemy, direct or ind!-
rect, prefer thelr advantage to that
of the commonwealith and have power
over the Government to make thelr ad
vantage prevall—and this iast causs
may operate in many ways and in the
most roundabout fashion-~through
ship owners as much ax by merchants
—~through men who fear any general
diminution of trade throughout the
world as ultimately certaln to react
upon trade they do themselves -
through financiers who may pretend,
or, If they are suffictently stupid, be
lleve, that the counters with which
they deal are the lubrication of ex
change, are equivalent to wealth it
sef. but who most commonly have no
object but their personal enrichment,
being men without national affections,
and at large between all combatant
parties
It is incumbent upon those who pre.
fer to leave the blockade of Germany
imperfect to explain which of these
cayses they invoke for thelr action
and to make it quite clear that they
have a better reason for leaving that
blockade Incomplete than they would
have for making it perfect
None of the forts at Ossowiec ir an
strong as those destroyed by the Ger
man guns at Liege, Namur and Mau
beuge, and news of the fall of Oaso
wiec s expected momentarily by the
German military experts
With their ddvance to Wyszogrod,
on the right bank of the Vistula, the
Germans have effocted & marked -aln
in thelr efforts to throw a circle of
steel about Warsaw. The recently as.
sumed Russian offensive southwest
of Warsaw is taken here to be an at
tempt to force the withdrawal of
German troops from north of the
Vistula to strengthen General von
Mackenzen's forces.
That commander, however, is un-‘
derstood to have reported that his
aoamona along the Bzura and Rawks
ivers are practically Impregnable,
and that he needs no help In with
standing the sporadic Russian as
saults, ‘
still In progress there. A considera
ble amount of French artillery has
been placed at the disposal of the
Belgians, who are shelling the Ger
man lines near Ostend.
Infantry fighting in the forests
north of Verdun has cost the Germans
heavily. In the Bois Forges peasants
have bheen working for two days bury -
ing the dead, and still many bodies re
main upon the ground. Farther to the
south, .n the Meuse Valley, near RL‘
Mihlel, the French have repulsed with
heavy losses attempts of the Germans
to retake some of the ground theyl
lost
! There i a double bend In the River
Meuse at that point, forming a let
ter “SB." Allly, which has been men
tioned In the recent official dispatches,
Iles at the eastern extremity cos the
Jower bend. The French occupy a
strong position on the eastern bank of
the stream, and are throwing shells
across the river into the German lines
on the west bank.
There has been no decisive result
during the last few days' fighting in
the Vosges and Upper Alsace.
hfay Be Used in War
ROME, Feb. 27.--Dispatches from
Vienna say the Austrian Government
has taken a census of the church bells
in the Empire with the object of
requisitioning them eventually for the
purpose of extracting the copper for
military purposes.
The consent of the ecclesiastical
authorities has already been obtained
conditionally. The churches are not
to be entirely deprived of bells, the
traditional and historical bells being
spared. In the meant'me the Govern
ment is buying up all the avaiiable
copper. The bells will be taken over
as a last resort.
.
Berlin Case Patrons
.
Furnish Own Bread
BERLIN (via London), Feb, 27—
Restaurant customers must bring
thelr bread with them, and the price
of beer has gone up. Now the pleas
ures of Berlinegrs again has been di
minished by the news that hereafter
all restaurants and cases and night
cabarets and case chantants must
close thelir doors at 1 o'clock,
This order was issued by the mill
tary authorities, who found that, de
epite the war, night life in Berlin was
again coming into bloom and display
ing ceriain characteristics incompati
ble wth the svrlmfi_’pirn of the times,
Spain Orders ips
ain Orders 59 Ship
p o
0f War Built in 6 Yrs.
e n |
MADRID, Feb 27.—Parliament hlsi
sanctioned the construction in six veurs
of four cruisers, six destroyers, twenty. |
eight submarines, three gunboats and |
eighteen coast defense vessels It also |
provided for the acquisition of subma
rine mines and the repair docks and
works at Serrol, Cadiz, and of Carta
&;“r‘xa. The total cost is to be $55.000.—l
Quality, Economy and Co
operation are basic principles
of good business. Read the
tag on your telephone book.
. » {
Kaiser’s Harem
- .
Is Awaited in
-
@ Constanlmople}
g i
ONDON. Feb. 27 —~The press
{ L burean the Germans estab $
: Ilshed at Constantinople is }
{ sending out some truly ple {
{ tluresque war news the Calr cor
respondent of The Chronk le
gl'l‘"ol He says Teriimanie As ;
{kin. an Asta Minor publication, |
2 has the Kalser in Paris thus }
| “The discourse delivered by Mis {
! islamic Majesty William 11 when |
{ Installed on the throne In the
anclent French Parllament Hall |
will live as an unforgettable rec- |
ord of his magnificent exploits. |
Surrounded by his vanquished
foes, he ofered his Imperial hand '
' to be kissed by all the former Dep.
i uties of the French Chamber,
{ whose hearts were touched by the
{ splendid magnanimity of His
? Islamic Majesty.” ¢
Perhaps to emphasize that the |
2'(!!3" and the members of his '
entourage are true followers of
{ Islam The Hanumlah Ghazettasch
; publishes in itz court news
{ “The harem of His Imperial
}uumu Majesty William 11 will
! arrive at Constantinople at the
{mtnnlng of spring. Bix of the
{ most powerful dreadnoughts
i‘whlch have been captured from
{ the British will escort the impe
g rial harem.” )
London’s Famous
’
ups INear iKuin;
’
Noted Places Also Frowned On by
Military Chiefs Because Some of
Girl Visitors May Be Ger
man Sples.
By PHILIP EVERETT,
LONDON, Feb. 27.-Unless some
thing happens soon ta put an
end to the war, several of Lon
don's famous clubs probably will
be forced to close, as their list of
members is dwindling steadlly, and,
with the dally attendance growing
smaller, many of them have been
forced to put up thelr prices for
meals. Thia for instance, is the case
with both the Cariton and the Con
stitutional,
The distress of the exclusive clubs
is due partly to the desire to econo
mize, but principally perhaps to the
fact that members find little use fur‘
places where nothing stronger than
lemonade or ginger ale is Lo be had
after 10 at night and from where you
have to grope your way home in dark
ness if you are not fortunate enough
to possess a private motor car.
The night clubs, on the other hand, |
are doing excellent business, though |
it 1s hardly appropriate to call them
night clubs any more, when their
buslest hours are between 4 and 7 in
the afternoon. é
If you enter the Murray Club, for
instance, any afternoon during these
hours, formerly devoted to the sip
ping of insipid tea, you will find the
ballroom {lluminated and the pol
ished floor crowded with dancers,
‘whllo all around the prettiest girls in
London are seated at little tables
‘vhamn. with men in khaki. The
mere civilian is persistently overlook
ed, and might as well be alr.
The War Office, I am Informed,
feels rather unfriendly toward these
night clubs, because they do not con
sider that they are the best training
place for men who have plenty of
hard work ahead of them at the front,
and, possibly also because it is rearedi
that some of the fair sirens to be
found there may be German spies.
g e e e e
Forty Opera Houses |
Closed in War Zone
PARIS, Feb, 27.—A committee is being
formed in Parls by patrons of musie,
representing France, Great dritain, Rus
s#la, Belgium and the United States,
with the object of creating and endow
ing an institution for the rellef of dis
tress among opera singers, choristers
and musicians,
Forty opera houses in France and Bel
glum have been indefinitely closed.
Otto H. Kahn, chairman of the exec
utive board of the Metropolitan Opera
House, New York, it is undm:atmxr. is
dirm-unf American participation in the
plan, It is intended to convert one of
the Parisian theaters into an operatic
academy, in which Jean de Reszike mm]
Henry Russeil, director of the Boston
Opera Company, will assist,
Finds Short Men Are
The Better Fighters
LONDON, Feb, 27.-—-The short man
makes the better fighter, says Dr. M. 8,
Pembrey, lecturer on physioclogy at
Guy's Hospital, London, in a discussion
before the Royal Sanitary Institute
This he bases on a careful study of the
fighting capacity of tall and short races
and also of the tall men and short men
of the same race,
The essential organs in the head and
trunk are often better developed in the
short than in the tall man, the weight
of brain being relatively greater in the
short man and the reaction time not so
long. The tall men of full proportions
are heavy and slow.
Wrecked Submarine
Believed Famous U-9
CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY, Febh,
27.-~Several bodies wearing German
naval uniforms were found to-day in
the wreckage of a submarine washed
up near Christiansand, according to
disnatehes received here. They as
sert there is no further doubt thal
the wrecked craft is the faumous sub
marine U-9, |
All of her crew of 25 men are be- |
lieved to have perished.
WEARST'S SUNDAY AMERICAN. ATLANTA. GA, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 28 175
Restanrants and Shops Running Smoothly and
Little Unemployvment Visible, Reports Col.
Edwin Emerson After Five Months Visit,
By COL. EDWIN EMERSON.
Whe has t returned @ he United Btates after spending five montha
with the German armies,)
HBerlin was having its first snowstorm when [ left in January,
otherwise the eity was practically unchanged from former times.
To a casual observer, Berlin reveals scareely any signs of the war,
exeept the growing numbers of wounded officers and soldiers in
their gray uniforms, walking about with bandages about their
heads or with their arms in slings, or hobbling on canes
Another intermittent echo of the war is the occasional joyful
ringing of church bells and fluttering
of flags in honor of some new victory
reported by Marsha! Hindenburg ors
his fellow generais at the eastern
front. Of newspaper extras and
crowds around news bulletins there
are less In Herlin than in-New York,
Otherwise the life of Beriln ever
since the first profound sensation of
the war In early August has followed
its old course,
The street cars motor buses, taxi
cabs and horse carriages run as usual,
and so do the Beriin subway and
elevated railroads.
* All Shops Open.
All shops and restaurants are open
and show no visible effects of the war,
‘Mo are the schools, publie institutions,
banks ané theaters. The prices of
food and of entertainments are the
same ar before the war,
Every time 1 was In Rerlin the Roy
al Opera and the Symphony Soclety
were giving regular performances
The few times | got the chance to go
to the opera 1 found the house packed.
Cheerful in Face of All
Smaller Food Privations
In regard to the smaller privations
of life entalled by the war, such as
ryve bread instead of wheat rolls, the
absence of mutton and of imported
tinned goods from America, as well as
the constant interruption and delays
of the mails, most Germans that 1
met t.ok a gheerful tone, making a
joke of it Instead of a grievance.
Among the soldiers at "he front the
food supplies are absolutely undimin
ished.
Personally I am inclined to doubt
that Germany can really be starved
into submission., From what I have
learned through competent sources I
feel positive that Germany has enough
food supply of one kind and another
to hold out until the coming” harvest,
and if that is reasonably good, untll
the next year.
Thanks to Germany's highly devel
oped system of state control, the Gov
ernment has most of these vexing
problems well in hand. As a result
you see no bread line In Germany, no
bundle days, and no beggary in the
streets.
Big Industries Busy.
In fact, most of the great industrial
concerng have kept busily working,
and wIJ\ many of them, for instance
with coal mines and iron foundries
the Government has gone to the ex
treme length of not calling the labor
ers to the colors
In Berlin and elsewhere the Gov
ernment has started new enterprises
or resumed some that were previously
planned, such as the building of new
streets, bridges, tunnels, highways
and canals. In Beriin alone 1 saw
Sees Great Heroism Shown
By Soldiers of Both Sides
Doubtless this is what General
Joffre meant in his startling inter
view when he sald that “the famous
Prussian Guard is only a matter of
uniforms now, New and untried men
are wearing the uniforms of the great.
est soldiers in Europe.” .
General Joffre's implied inference
that the recruits of the Prussian
Guards will not come up to the stand.-
ard of the fallen veterans, I think, is
misleading. The stern school of war
maken' veterans very rapidly.
Personally, I don’'t pretend to be an
adequate judge of the comparative
fighting spirit of English and KFrench
soldlers as against Germans.
All Showed Heroism.
I know from personal observations
at the front that the French and Eng
lish in Flanders showed just as much
heroism as the Germans. What is
more, they were given full credit for
it by most of the German officers and
men with whom I discussed this sub.
ject in the trenches. Most Germans
expected from the start that thoir
French foes would be worthy of their
steel In every sense, but in the case
of the English this came as a sur
prise to them.
In regard to the Russians, there is
much open contempt, both in Ger
many and Austria. The Russians have
outnumbered both the Austrians and
Moltke Says Kaiser Will
Win, but Admits Long Var
BRERLIN, Feb. 27.—While he admits
much remains to be done hefore the
Kaiser can dctate terms of peace Lo
the nations involved in the war, Gen- |
eral von Moltke, late chief of staff,
declared in an interview with The
Vossische Zeitung that Germany will
ultimately win.
In view of the various rumors con
cerning General von Moltke's myste
rious disappearance from the theater
of war, the interview is of especial in
terest.
Count Moltke began the conversa
tion with a joke
“You want to make sure whether I
am still alive, don’t you?”
General von Moltke was asked con
cerning reports that he had been the
head of the war party and was one of
those responsible for the war.
“Nobody in Germany wanted the
war,” he sald; “neither I nor anybody
else. We were provoke in a manner
which permitted no other answer. If
we had wanted to fight. we had lar
better opportunities to do so hundreds
of times. If the lust of war realiy had
been on us why did ;’w- not begin war
dvring the Russo-Japanese conflict,
when Russia was de‘enseless?
“Why not when Englaiud had her
—————————————————"" —————— .—" ] —
The only form of amusement that has
been stopped on account of the war,
s 0 far as | couid tell, are the officers’
horse races wnd the all-night dance
Falls,
Resigned to War.
Private dances have also been
largely discontinued, for reasons of
propriety, wsince so uun{ families
have lost relatives at the front; but
you must not imagine from this that
the social life of Berlin is plunged in
gloom. During my short stays In
Beriin 1 was invited to ali kinds of di
versions and soc'al functions.
What is true of Berlin is also true of
most other German citles and towns
in which 1 had opportunity to see
something of their inner life. The
truth is that the Germans, as a people,
have mentally res'gned themselves to
the war as something inevitable, and
are facing its evils and its possible
portentious consequences_ with that
cheerful spirit with which a healthy
and brave people accept what can not
be helped.
thousands of men last December en
gaged in tunneling a new subway.
it is really astonishing how many
able-bodied young men you still see
everywhere in the interior of Ger
many. Of the million and a half
young men under age who offered to
enlist as volunteers in the first weeks
of August, so far but half a millien
have been accepted,
. From what | have seen of Ger
many's and Austria’s reserve supplies
of men | believe in the correctness of
M. Hilaire Belloc's recent estimate
that Germany and Austria can put
4,900,000 fresh troops into the field In
the next twelve months, If necessary.
Sees Regiment Depleted.
While at the. front, especially in
Flanders, | was astonished at the way
the Germans kept filling up the gaps
in their ranks. During some of the
flercest fighting at Laßassee [ was
with the 114th Infantry at Baden,
General von Emmich’s old regiment !n
the Fourteenth Army Corps.
Immediately after the first hand-to
hand fight with the English at Gi
vanchy, close to Laßassee, which I
witnessed, this regiment, which had
marched out of Konstanz 3,000 men
strong. had only 343 men left.
Of the officers, the regiment had
lost Its colonel, lieutenant colonel,
genfor major and twelve out of lis
thirteen company captains, besides
nineteen lieutenants, j
Yet the places of all these men were
presently filled by reinforcemnts from
Konstanz, while the places of the
fallen officers were filled either by re
serve officers or by promotions, which
in the case of lleutenants came from
the ranks. |
the Germans so overwhelmingly that
their eomparatively few successes
have received little credit.
Every time Hindenburg delivers
another smashing blow at the Rus
slans, requiring the withdrawal of
German reserves from the west front,
the French and English take advan
tage of this weakening of their foe o
resume their offensive.
To Be Long, Strenuous War.
Similarly, every time the Germans
try to take the offensive in the wast
they immediately find themselves hard
beset by the Russians in their rear—l
mean the east front. Therefore, big
victories over the Russians appear ‘o
have little more effect than punching
a balloon. The moment the punch
stops, the balloon buiges out again.
In view of this situation, I do not
share the belief of most Germans that
a complete overthrow of the Russians
may be taken as the beginning of the
end. So far as I can judge, the war
has settled down to a sheer endurance
contest, with no end In sight but mu
tual exhaustion.
It remains to be seen whether the
British navy will not be found just as
efficient now as in the days of the
Battle of the Nile, of Trafalgar, or
Copenhagen, when Admiral Nelson
laid the firm foundation of England's
sea power.
hands full with the Boer War?
' “The political selflshngs.s of Great
Britain alone has let loose the demons
of war which she had long prepared.
The Belgian question was only a
hypocritical pretext, quite in accord
ance with Engiish precedent and cus
tom,
. “But we may be sure that after the
)war truth will prevail about the war's
origin. ‘History, in the long run,
never stands lies or nonsense.'"”
_“Another question, your excellency.
What do you think is the outlook?”
- Moltke said slowly and precisely:
.~ “We afe sure to win. Out at the
front and here at home I have had op
portunities to aobzerve our nation, both
in arms ana in civilian clothes, during
the war. Such a nation can not per
ish.
. “We shall attain a peace which ls
‘not only honorable, but which will
fully assert our ascendancy. We must
persevere and hold out. It may be a
'long time until war is at an end.”
“If cur eastern operations turn out
auccessfully, does your excellency be
lieve Buropean peace will be nearer
in that case?"
“Of course, Qur victories in Poland
are of the greatest importance.”
U. S. Officer R
1
U O icer Kuns
|
Sharpshooters
i o
Fortescue Telis of Thrilling Expe
, riences in Russian Trenches.
! Says Soldiers Living Like
Moles.
Continued rom age L
block of bulldings was smashed Into
lthe .treet into an !ndistingulshable
|pile of rubble. Not only houses
| knocked Into shapeless masses, but
| streets are obliterated oy plles of Je
{bris. Not a soul treads the silent
| ruins, the fear-stricken populace long
kugu fled
| The Modern Moles.
With characteristic Russian hospl
tality, Major Sokolowsk! invited me
to the commodious cavern that servas
las his quarters. Golng underground
{from the bright sunlirht, I pould not
| help thinking that the modern soldier
| has developed the characte;istics of
' the mole. He lives underground, and
| displays the greatest activity ot
‘mum. By the dim rays of a single
{candle, I make out a table, covered
| with the outiine of the orders of the
|day. The adjutant sits before It and
| the routine of the regiment goes on
| underground exactly as If they were
{living & normal existence In bar
| racks.
| _After a short visit, 1 went with two
| Russ'an officers to the observation
|station. This was in the garret of a
| ha!f-wrecked brick bullding, over
{looking & bridge across the Bzura
| The river looked fresh and blue in the
| sunlight; the snow had disappeared,
land the ground before the German po-
Isitions was green with winter wheat.
| The German trenches are hardly 500
| vards distant. A line of raw earth
| marks their position. At the back of
| their trenches, near a wood, are the
artillery positions, and beyond these
some white buildings, which the Pus
sian officers tell me are hangars. Six
aeroplanes are housed there. |
There are elaborately constructed
saps that lead from one trench to
|another. An order says that officers
| passing to and from the front line
| should use this approach. But there
|ls & short cut, and as traversing it is
| spiced with danger, some officers al
ways take this route. It is an open
stretch of about 50 yards, commanded |
by German sharpshooters,
' Running the Gantlet.
, The game is to run that 50 yards
and not get hit. The adjutant went
’first He was halfway across when
{three bullets plastered themselves
lagninm the bricks above his head. My
turn was second. [ knew the xnm..l
}u 1 had practiced it from the sharp
| shooters’ point of view myself. I knew
|the whole squad would be ready 0]
welcome me, so | started out to beat
|the 50 yards' record. I had time to
count eight twanging shots before I
'was safe beside the adjutant. [ felt
' like a clay deer in a shooting gallery
| under cover. I turned to enjoy watch
ing the others make their dash. ‘
! The way into the trenches landa]
|thr~ouzh a cemetery, & grim road
|enuuxh for men whose profession u!
' killing. The east bank of the Bzura |
rises 30 feet sheer from the river. |
lAionz the crest the trenches are con
'structed; they are not elaborately
' built, but have plenty of head cover.
The men sleep there, leaving only a
guard to watch the German move
ments. Rifles always lie in the loop
holes, and every few yards a shelf ia |
dug in the wall of earth for a box of |
extra ammunition,
It is not the Germans' attack, but
the weather, which most affects the
spirits of the men. A week of alter
nate snow and rain is enough to dis
courage men comfortably housed
above ground, to say nothing of sol
diers who have to spend days and
nights in damp dugouts. One day of
bright sunshine starts the Russian
soldiers singing.
Lunch in a Cavern.
We stopped at the company offi
cers’ quarters for lunch in a cow
fortable cavern. Captain Melinkof
welcomed us to what he called his
two-room subterranean flat with all
modern conveniences. The door,
taken from a house in Sochaczef, di
vided the kitchen and affice from the
Jiving and sleeping rooms. A stove
was crackling in one corner. A cof
fee pot was put on to boil as we en
tered. Two iron beds, a table and two
stools complete the furniture.
The officers were delighted with
our visit. They complained most of
the monotony of the life. It is hard
to conceive a position subject to con
stant attack and always suffering
maore or less from shell fire as bclnn'
monotonous, but it was just the same
ness of these incidents that tries the |
nerves of the officers. I
While we ate, the eerie buzz of the
field telephone sounded. “Is there
any change on your front?” was the
question from division headquarters,
twelve miles away. “All quiet here”
‘was the answer, after one of the offi- |
cers had taken a hasty survey; but he
‘had hardly replied when a German
bhattery opened.
During the rest of the meal an offi
cer kept count of the shells that
whistled overhead—43 in an hour. The
trench cat purred agalnst my ankles,
begging her share of lunch. Some
times our voices would be drowned
by the curious blast which a shot fired
from the trench makes. The pickets
at the loopholes let go at anything
that shows above the enemy’s
trenches. The whirr of an aeroplane
sounded overhead, and we came out to
see a Russian fller start on a recon
noisance.
Bidding good-bye t, our hosts, we
continued our inspection of the
trenches. We traveled for * three
miles along the bank of the Bzura, |
and from what I saw I do not believe |
the Germans can ever cross here. The !
Germans must realize that this route |
to Warsaw is impassable. The Rus
sians are too numerous and too well
intrenched.
Britain to Halt All
Vessels for Germany
LONDON, Feb. 27.—A blockade of
the coast of German East Africa wm[
go into effect at midnight Saturday
night by order of the British Govern
ment, and it is expected that on Mon
day Premier Asquith will announce in |
detail the retaliatory method axa'mstl
Germany upon which England,
France, Russia, Servia and Belgium |
have agreed. t
The Government order as to thei
German Fast African coast has re
moved, arcording to observers here. !
the last doubt as to whether England
will proclaim a blockade of the North
Sea coast of Cermany. They assert
that by March 15 a ring of British
warships will he in a position to halt
every ship bound for Germany.
Monroe Plan Only Theory Racked by Might of
United States, Declares Writer Condemning
Excuses for Beginning of War.
Special Cable to The Sunday American.
LONDON.. Feb. 27.—George Be rnard Shaw writes the follow
ing letter to The Nation
““‘Neutrality is an utter humbug That is my position There
is no such thing as a breach of 1 trality. becanse there sno such
thing as neutrality. [ hope that is clear enougi The importance
of bringing this simple, natural fact home at present arises from
three considerations
‘l. The danger of obscuring the real issues of the war by the
false issue of neutrality of Belgium
2. The danger that Instead of real
terms of peace, fictitious terms In the
form of fresh guarantess of neutrality
may be accepted as valld
8. General objection te throwing
stones when you live in a glass house
and are allied to the Fastern Powers,
whose whole history is huge cucum
ber frame.
Neutrality “Not Violated.”
“Those who Insist that neutrality is
real and sacred are committed by
facts to the following propositions
i “1. Germany has not viciated Bel
glan neutrality, she has made war on
;Bol:lun. which her guarantee of Bei
glum's neutrality in no way abrogat
’ed her right to do, and her guarantee
of Belgiim's neutrality stil! stands in
spite of the war, and actually entities
her to treat the vioiation of it by an
olh" power as a casus belll
*3. France and England have vio
lated the neutrality of Belgium by
invading her and fiehtin~ on her soi'
though they are not at war with her
“3. Germany offered to keep peace
with Belgium on cbndition that a right
of way be granted, which Britaln was
first to demand and enforce by war in
China
“4. Britain and France refused to
respect Belgian neutrality except on
Calls Monroe Doctrine
Of America Balderdash
| _“I pass on to the Monroe Doctrine
cited as the supreme modern case of
Inoutunmtlon. The Monroe Doctrine
1s balderdash. It is not a doctrine at
all. Its validity to any Intelilgent
person is exactly what it was to Cor
tez and Pizarro and the Mayflower
pligrims, to Clive and Duplelx, Wil
linm the Conqueror, Caesar, Napoleon,
Hengist, Horsa, Joshua In Canaan,
Herry V in France, Kitchener in the
Sudan, Kruger and Cecil Rhodes In
South Africa, Strongbow in Ireland,
Bdward in Scotland, Russia In Si
beria.
“Japan, ' the advantage she has
taken of the war to make the star
tling Fredericlan grab in Mongolla
and Manchuria, which has just leaked
out after months' concealment by our
Government.
“I have as much rigth to annex and
ravage the State of Colorado as
Rockefeller, If the British Empire
ever decides to annex the United
States, say with a view to improving
the local government, it will not take
the slightest notice of the Monroe
Doctrine, nor will public opinion of
the world be in the very faintest de
gree biased against it by breach
thereof.
In Reference to Canada.
“I¢ the United States should ever
decide to annex Canada on the ground
that the Monroe Doctrine obviously
requires exclusion of Britain from the
North American Continent, they have
to take exactly the same steps as it
Speculates on Results
Of Victory Over England
I “Victory or defeat of the belliger
ents will not alter by one jot or tittle
leither justice, human rights, ethnoloy,
religion or language.
l “If England is right, defeat will not
put her in wrong. If Germany is in
‘the wrong, victory will leave her more
in the wrong than ever. The day for
believing the judgment of God Is
given through the ordeal of battle is
gone by.
“European- Americans professing
such belief nowadays, in the time of
peace would be removed to an asy
lum. We are fighting solely to grati
fy our pugnacity, satisfy our pride.
That is for the good of our souls; this
is the real glory of war; but it s
important that we be able to stop
when we have enough of it.
An Open Proposition.
“Neutrality and Monroe's folly be
ing thus banished to Saturn, what
realities do we find unmasked by their
disappearance? Simply that it opens
to any government or combination of
governments that declare it to make
war on any state that invades certain
specified territory.
“No government can possibly have
or acquire any right to do such thing,
but all states have the means to
make thelr threat good. Their migat
will be accepted, perforce, as an ef
fective, practical substitute for thely
right, but nothing can give that might
the validity of right. |
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conditions which they knew would not
’u fulfilled and which In any case Bel
glum could not control; namely, that
}Oemuy would keep peace with Bel-
Kium.
' “5. Germany offered peace In Bel
glum,
Ҥ, Great Britain ordered war per
emptorily.
| Challenges World.
~ *1 defy any international jurist to
put a creditable complexion on these
propositions except by showing they
are the reductio ad absurdum of the
theory of neutrality, and admitting
that Belgium might as well have been
a free country as a neutralized one
for ail the use the guarantee proved.
“And because 1 was not dum'br
that theory, 1 have set myself, to
discredit the Belglan pretext for war
to induce our ministers and newspa
pers to drop it
“1 did #o even before the documents
found In Brussels by Germans left the
Forelgn Office so completely bowled
out on the Belgian point by the Ger
man Chancelior, that it had not a
word to say and was reduced to hir-
Ing a street boy to put out his tongue
at him. That was what came of not
taking my advice and evacuating an
untenable position.
the Monroe Doctrine never had been
’fol’mulmed or thought of. The Mon
roe Doctrine did not help the redskins
against the white man, and it did not
‘help the redskinsg' conqueror. When
‘his turn comes the Monroe Doctrine is
a toss, and everybody knows It
. “Why is it that European milita
rists, who annex every country they
can conquer, are net at all likely to
annex America and even pretend to
respect tha Monroe Doctrine as an
excuse for not trying to? Because
they are afrald of the army and navy
of the people of the United States,
“Why did Germany make war on
Belgium? Because she was afraldq to
delay the rush to Paris by nuackl?g
France through Lorraine and Alsade,
Why did she attack France? Because
she was terrified by Russian mobiliza
tion and afraid France would strike
her from behind when she was at
tacked by Russia.
Fighting Because of Fear.
“Why did we attack Germany? Be
cause we were afrald of her growing
naval strength and belleved she would
be irresistible if she conquered.
“Russia and France thus left us
without effective allles. Frightened
animals are dangerous, and man is no
exception. We in the west of Eu
rope are all fighting because we were
afraid not to. If the war is to be con
cluded on ethical principles of any
sort, then the settlement will he ex
actly what would have been if there
had besn no war.
“Russia, Germany and Great Britain
had the power to set up Belgium as a
buffer state against France and make
France accept the arrangement. Brit.
ain had the power to maintain Af
ghanistan as a buffer state against
Russia, Morocco as a buffer state be
tween Gibraltar and possible fortifica
tion of the opposite plllar of Her
cules by a rival.
. Only Belgians Have “nghtn."
’ “France had the power to buy Brit.
aln out in Morocco by abandoning
fgypt to her, nelther party having
‘the smallest right to either Egypt >r
Morocco, except the right of thelr
own will to be there.
“If you come to rights other than
the right of sword, which is might,
pure and simple, only the Belgians
have any rights in Belgium and the
so-called guarantors of Belgium by
dictating her foreign policy, or rather
refusing to allow her to have any for
tigr policy, and then failing to save
her from being overrun Ly Germans,
have more reason to blush at the
mention of her name than to inviie
the admirftion of the world for their
good faith to her,
“Of all her devastators and betray
ers, Germany has the most cause to
boast. She, at least, has been victo
rious, but they Lad better all take
the hint from Lady Teazle, and leave
neutrality out of the question.”
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