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Charlotte, the
World’s Most Fa-.
mous Woman
Skater, Now at the
Hippodrome, Pos
ing Specially for
This Page. This ll
lustration Shows
the Position in the
Left Outside Loop
- Just Before the
Loop Is Made.
No. 3 How to Make Yhrees,
. Double Threes and Loops
By Mr. Irving Brokaw
A Champion Figure Skater of America, Author of “The Art of Skating,” Ete.
HE third School Figure is
known as the “Three.” It
consists of a turn in the
oatural direction from an edge for
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foot backward, or vice versa. The
dlagram of this figure is fllustrated
lll'lcnuluthhn.;
The turns must be skated exact-
Iy opposite each other on the long
Axis designated as AA on Figure 1.
The transverse axis 88, passes at
right angles to AA midway be
tween the turns. The second curve
should be approximately the same
#ize as the first, in order to bring
aLMMrumm
The official programme for
Threes is as follows:
No. 7 starting ROF, LOF
No. Sa starting ROF, LIB
No. §b starting LOF, RIB
No. Sa starting RIF, LOB
No. b starting LIF, ROB
_ The abbreviations used are as
follows: R, right; L, left; F, for
ward; B, backward; 1, inside. and
0, outside.
No. 7of the officlal schedule is
the first subdiviston of the Threes
=the ROF Three—LOF Three—and
is made as follows:
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ward edge, begin to rotate
shoulders for the turn. Do not hold
the left shoulder back as if you
were going to skate a plain circle
elgat. The left shoulder s brought
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Becessary t od position to make
the turn. .t might be sald that
the twisting of the shoulders forces
the slat.ng foot to make the Three.
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the shoulders for the curve the
Three before the turn is just the
opposite from the carriage for the
outside forward circle Eight.
The turn is made on the forward
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" Directly after the turn, the
be in “‘mmrmm
A somew
tion, the body erect and the arms
Ret "'m' el
necessary to on
the skating knee immediately
after the turn, opening out the
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.nhu.h;‘orlo o:'sz:
#coond curve in preparation
following outside forward Three,
The ROF Three—-LIB Three,
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b)) are made as follows: The
forward Three is made as above de
scribed, but the print s beld out
well near the end of the inslde back
ward curve and before beginning
the inside backward Three on the
other foot, and. in order to place
the inside backward Throe property
on the axis AA, It s necessary to
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The inside backward Three
should be begun on & well rounded
eurve, and for that reason R @
Becessary o tarn the heel of the
skating fool well out. so as 1o bring
again on & sharp eodge, with the
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dlvectiy over the skating
The turn of the backward Three
must be made on the heol. To O
eitate this got far upon the hes!
of the shate just before the turs
When the turn bas been made, the
S o R R e S
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‘-_._—---—‘A
balance foot is dropped behind and
e i Fo
ree—LOß Three, LIF
Three, ROB Three (Nos. 9a and
9b) are skatec as follows: Start.
a:mmtwmm
is held print and the
shoulders m”.‘!or the turn. Here
again turning the shoulders and the
carriage of the balance foot held
outward across the print behind
force the skate to make the turn.
the unemployed arm following the
direction of the motion. To hold
out the second curve well, the bal
ance foot swings past with a sort of
“snap.” The head faces over the
unemployed shoulder and s held
high, which helps 1o attain a well
rounded curve.
The LOB Inree, the second half
of the figure. is begun with the bal
ance foot in front as in the regu
lar outward backward plain circle
The rotation of the shoulders as the
turn is approached tends to bring
the balance foot around, but ft
should be kept iln front until the
tarn. The shoulders must be
twisted around strongly in ap
proaching the turn. so that while
the turn s being made the skater
MAY take a hasty glance at the
skating heel: this brings the
skater's centre of gravity over the
turn and makes it easier to execute
This brings the balance foot around
naturally in fromt, which Is the
normal position for the fnlsd of
Ah inside forward curve
A few general remarks regard
ing “Threes” may be helpful,
The forward Threes are made on
tlomu‘llo’u—tm‘l\n.
on the heel of the skateo.
The balance foot need not be
moved in making the turn in any of
the Threes. A quick glance at the
toe of the balance foot while mak
fog the forward Threes and at the
heel of the dbalance foot while mak
ing them backward. when approach
ing the turn, will facilitate skating
these figures. The latier applies
especialiy to the outside backward
For both outside and inslde for
ward Threes, the balance foot stays
behind when approaching the turn.
I the outside backward Threes
ft stays crossed in front. and it may
May in fromt for the inside back
ward also, but 1/ that position can
Bot be easily bheld, 1t J& quite per
missible to leave the balance foot
behingd after the turn
The pext Sehool Pigure s the
“Double Three” which iy & com
binstion of two of the Threes above
described. Pigure 2on this page
Mm b
The official progrmamme for the
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Neo. 11 starting RV, LIV
No. 12 starting ROB. LOB
No. 13 starting RID. LID
Double Threes ate combinations
of single Threes and are skated ac
cording 1o thelr rules
A Double Three consists of a sis
£'e Three. with an additional turs.
which brings the shater on the
must always be started » g
#ulmlmu:u-b
1Y sl to ace he ture
in this Sgure exactly the mme dis
How to Do the New Dances
on Ice Skates ..
An Instructive Series of Lessons
by Mr. Irving Brokaw, the
¥ ._"‘, skt 3 . e
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A . ~
ving Brokaw
harlottle in
‘anced Spiral
. Both Are Skating on
Right Outside Edge :
Backward. .
V. 3
Mr, Irving Brokaw
and Charlottle in
an Advanced Spiral ]
Figure. Both Are Skating on
the Right Outside Edge
Backward.
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i
The Above L )
Diagram l , ;
Shows in - e ime————
Perspective the ~ \
Various Positions
Assumed in @ 7
Making the / . 1 4)‘ e 4
“Thm“; the g e — ’ — \ &
Diagram to the .
Right Shows i
How the .
“Loop"” Is ¢
fance on sach side of the long axis.
AA, as well as the same distance
iuulhon.od‘odmuu.-
verse axis 88, and the Three curves
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The official programme for the
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LOOPS,
No. 14 starting ROF, LOF
Re. 16 varting NOB. LoB
No. 17 starting RIB, LIB
must be oval cutees
Loope pure v
longer than they are broad, and
they must be placed on the long
Axis, AA In the diagram.
The outside forward loop (No.
14). Is skatod as follows
The skating knee s well bent
slart, .
fng down and toward the centre
of the curve where the loop I 1o
be made. Degin (0 rotate the
shoulders immedintely after the
m.m-:»mf:
& vory sharp odge, aently.
balance foot fs kept behind ik
well on the skating knee when ap
et ek Sy 3"
bebind during a Hittle
more han balf the loop. This
mavement will be facilitated if the
ohater Jooks around over the
Convriahl. 1016 &r the Btar Company. Great Britain Rights Reserved
Foremost
Figure Skater
of America
skating foot shouider until the free
foot is seen behind, the balance
foot working with the curve, that
s, out and around
Lot the balance foot swing for
ward close to the lce and as near
as possible to the skating foot when
coming out o the loop. then
straighten the body rather quickly
and bring the employed arm close
to the body, for during these move
ments the loop is fnished and the
second big curve bogun
The inside forward loop s skated
as follows:
The curve before and afier the
loop s quite short and, therefore,
we should not twist our shouiders
Away from the centre, as we want
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Por the RIF loop, instancs,
the right shoulder should be well
forward and leading at the start,
the body being bent strongly for
ward before the loop Is made and
a:u:.hnvdl bent too
formed by pressing hard
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and outside the print, the
mnl‘:.mdm-m-:
eapeciaily quick motion of
shoulders before the loop, bring
the body round. After the loop, the
body straightens sed the arms are
dropped (o the sides, oas 10 com
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gnt to curve qu .
nv:‘-fi.:flbm-n::mm
can , retching
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e L
R X 5
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inward,
The RORB 33 (No. 16), ¥
started like an Three, but very
slowly. When executing the loop,
the aye should be kept on the heel
of the skating foot. The impor
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fate the body before you are in po
Sition to make the loop, because
the loops must be at the centre of
oach curve, on the axis and point.
ing toward each other. The em
ployed arm must be crooked around
o help the shouider rotation and
complete the loop. The head is
kept turned over the unemployed
shoulder after coming out of the
loop. The balance foot must be
kept wall forward until the loop s
simost completed, when it should
o i e e 5
porasibie near o
umuum-:lmm
completion curve. Forcing
the shoulders will cause (he balance
fool 1o pass & INte outside the
priat
lu':.r::-lf‘:'hw ab
{ ) to
serve that wheress on the outside
loops it is the movement of the bal
ance foot shoulder which prodeces
the twist and turn, on the inside
loops, It is the pressure of the bal
ance foot, and the movement of
the balance fool shoulder is oppo
#ite to the direction of motion. O
these inside backward loops, it s
the anemployed leg heid outeide the
Prot which canses the skate (o take
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Charlotte Executing the Second Curve
of the Left Outside Forward Three,
One of the Simplest of the Ele
mentary School Figures
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‘.o R— A ————- " ’——.4
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The Correct Diagrams for the “Three,” the “Double
Three" and the “Loop.”
Got on & good inslde back sdge
st the sirikeoff and look well oot
the shating showlder. The
plosed arm and shoalder sh oo | b
thrown - back, ™he arm boisg
siretched well oul
9