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What a Study of British and German Types of Skulls Reveals
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Mr. Lloyd-George, British Minister of Munitions, and Diagram
Showing His ‘“Facial Angle,” Which the Anthropologist
Roeo'nl_zo’_u Indicating High Intellectual and Reasoning
Power Rather Than Brute
Force and Physical Power
ROFESSOOR ARTHUR KEITH,
P M. D. Hunterian Professor
of Anatomy In the Royal Col
lege of Burgeons of England, has
been carrlyng on a remarkable
comparison of the skulls of rep
resentative Englishmen and Cap
mans.
The professor is one of the best.
known anthropologists in Fngland
and is eapecially noted as an an
thority on skulle. He measured,
restored and established the age
of the famous Piltdown skull, the
most interesting relle of prehis
toric man found In England.
In making his presenmt investiga
tion he estimated the skull meas
urements of representative Ger
mans, including General von Hin
denburg, General von Mackensan
and General von Kluck, and com
pared them with those of a num
ber of representative Englishmen,
Including Lioyd George, the most
Aggressive politician in the English
Cabinet: Prime Minister Asquith,
Barl Kitchener and General Sir
Douglas Halg, the new commander
of the British army in France
A% & result Professor Kelth an
Rounces that the representative
German skull » essentially differ
ent from the English skull tn that
the German skull i marked by »
Square form and somewhat retreat
g forebead, with & heavy project
g Jaw of e type known to
oclence as “prognathous” while
Qe Englishman of the ruling class
Bas & long bead, & mors highly de
waloped forehead and o compars
valy alight jaw.
I other words, the Baglishmas
Spresenis & more advanced type,
"hfle the Garman is nearer to the
rimitive man, such, for instance.
@8 the Neanderthal or the Piltdows
WA N W & fendamental of
anthropologte selamce that o large
forebhead with o comparatively
emall jaw s an Indication of pro
Tem in the scale of evolution and
melal maturity, The deavy jJaws
of the lower e are partly st
Uutadle to chewing great quan
Gties of conrse food, while at the
;ame time the great development
of the Jaw and face muscles dus to
his sction checks the development
of the top of the skull
In the more sdvanced and me
ture races the moderate use of well
cooked food through MmARY geners
tons and e long separation
Babits and environmest from e
Primitive type that husied and de
Youred its food raw have produced
& Bner and Mgher type of Jaw and
favored the development of e
forehend and top of the saull
One reason for Professsr Kelth's
nvestizgation was 10 decide the
Question wheiher the Eaglishman
Belongs 0 he same race 88 e
German
i B & sect et ene Teutonte
hee is Sghting e racial cousls
for Ihe domination of Burepe®
B known, of course. et the
Angicfatons. who colonised Rag
nsd about the sighty fentury, wers
8 Testonie—etherwine o Germante
~4rfhe from the *hores of Germany
tourhing vpon he North Bea. 1t
0 elieved. wpee reasonable
Srousds. Ot Fagiand wodar »
..“ Asglo Sasen, s wiis of »
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H 0 : ~ AN et I e A
BRITISH TYPE of SKULL ALI R ALY e N TA o
i » ' SRR TR A. - :"-nr{'«/
““The Fact Is, We and the Germans Have Skulls That Are
Made Differently. They Are Proud of It, and So Are We,’
Said M. Pichon Recently, and the Remark 1s Equally True
in'Our Own Case, as Is Clearly Shown in the Above
Diagrams, Which Contrast the Dolichocephalic ,or Long
head, Briton, with the Brachycephalic, or Short-headed.
Teuton.”—Prof. Arthur Keith, -
large admixture of Celtle and other
racial elements
It Is, therefore, assumed by the
majority of persons familiar with
history that the dominsting strains
in England and Germany are the
same-—that s, Teutonic. Proses
sor Keith, as has been seen. has
completaly upset this view, and his
arguments, as far as they are based
On measurements, are unanswer
able. If modern Englishmen are
mainly AngloSazon and of Ger
man origin, then It seems that a
sew and different racial type must
Bave arisen in Germany.
Professor Keith's Investigation is
mainly based on the skull of Gen.
eral von Hindenburg. the most sue
coasful commander in the German
army and lMterally the ido! of
Prossla, for a colossal woodes
otatue of him has been erected In
Berlin. There Is little doubt that
the majority of Germans would e
copt Bim as the best representative
of their nation today
A profile portralt of Geseral vos
Hindenburg shows very plainly the
characteristios of heavy, progns
thous jaw, retreating forehead and
square headednoss, which the pro
fossor finds is the prevalling Cer
man type. The same charscteris
tes appear In the other leading
Germans, but General vos Hisden
burg shows them in a more marked
dogree
The leading representative of the
Bagieh type I David Lioyd
George. at present bolding the po
sitlon of Minister of War Munt
tions, and admittedly the greatest
driving foree in the Britleh Govers
ment. Mr. Lieyd George was dis
tnguished before the war for hav
ing done more to Improve the con
ditlon of Britied working people
than any other man. 1t s reason
able 1o ake him as & represents
tive of Eaglish public life, sines
mURAry sclence s sot the chief
milerest of Engiand as of Germany
Professor Keith gives an inter
esting technical analysis of the dis
Prof. Keith,[the Anthropologist, Explains Why
the Head of General von Hindenburg, the
Prussian Ideal, Shows the Predominance of
Brute Force---While My. Lloyd-George’s, the
British Ideal, Shows the Predominance of
Intellectual Faculties
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Long-head Versus Short-head: Opposite Types of Humanity Which Are Fighting for Opposite Ideals.
ference Dbetween the prevalling
mudmr-ucydndl
“In the majority fAritong—
English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. *
he says, “the hinder part of the
head, the occiput, projects promt
nently backward behind the line of
the neck; the British head is long
in comparison with its width. lln
the vast majority of Germans the
occiput Is Saltened, as if the hinder
part of the Bead, when still young
and plastic, had been pushed for.
ward and upward. The pecullarity
of the German skull is dee to no
artificial means we know that the
promisent ocelput and fattened
occiput are characters which breed
rue over thousands of years. and
that they are characters which tn
dicate & profound racial divergence.
“Even in the sizteenth century
Vesallus, who W sniversally re
garded as the Tather of anatomy.’
regarded the fat ooclput as & Oer
man charactaristie; but seelng that
Be was born In Prussels in 1514, 8
is possible that Teutonle anate
mists may sow impugn Mis verse
Hy. We have however, the ovi
dence of Virchow the greatest of
German anthropologists He came,
father uawiliingly, to the concly
sion that the vast majority of mod
orn German people 4ifered from
Britieh, Duteh. Duse and Seandt
savian s form of head "
Professor Kelth thes offers aa
mwm--
that the Ang'o farons
were originally & Germas tride,
:mamumm
*nce batween Engilshmen and Ger
rane ‘oday
WU the snodue of the Pranks
bMflflm.
Britaln in the PN Sinth, seventh
and Slghih conturies of our era.
MNMMC‘
he longheaded slements s Ner
Popuiation” says the Professer.
“n-u'mm-.o'
wmm.-&{
nmllufih~ul
e laade, forming lees Dhan ons
Skull of Early Map, from Whom Both Briton and Prussian
Are Descended—and Diagram Line Indicating General
demnd“uhfluw&w
ligence, and Lost the Brute-Like Lower Jaw.
ANh of the total empire. hat we
find & good proportion of ‘lonsg
heady’ among the German peeple
When the Prasks and Anglofax
Eagland now oy
m‘nmm‘-hmu
LTHOUGH the medica’ profession proved
Amuuwhmdm
st contagious Slscases. Yot the ap
pearance of & case of this dlssass In & com
munity otill causes & frantle demasd that the
eper be axtied. In this partionlar matier the
wm-umugw....
&lmam of wedical
1 i predadlie that this inbors dread of
&u‘mm-cmm':
mmmumo«o
-&WMM over Be
rope & plague of the dissnse. It
Sow Dalleved by the medionl bow
m“hm'hmm
ot this time was not leprosy 1n the form s
Mlhh-nloh&
1o Barcpe S 0 L 7 The roen tsabeeed
rfi..h.tfi:l":tmlc The
bacillng of (he Qlosase was sot iecoverad wntl!
IET, when 1 was frst jsolated by Manses.
CORrrignt. 1018 b 7 Ihe Mar Company. Great Betiain Rights Neserved
‘Professor Keith Found
That the Typical German
Skull, as Represented by
General von Hindenburg,
Was Marked by a Pro
jecting Jaw and a Some
what Retreating Fore
head, While the English
Type, Represented by
Lloyd George, Had a
Larger Forehead and a
Slighter Jaw.”
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been Invaded from the east - from
he reglons sow cocupied by Rus
slans, Poles and Crechs-—dy
swarms of people with flat ccctputs
‘wad short Beade—men of the Min
dendurg trpe
“Mistory relates that by the end
That the common fear of the publie s 1
founded fs well proven by the medical proses
zlfi':l'flhcn.:humm
baetiiae never surely eultivated
or inoeuisied with pathogenic results in ant
mals Fhysictans bave tried and falled to In
bubmnurmo.‘::
went so S
& leprous lesion inte & eut in own arm, with
afl.m‘ 1a 00l
m:ma».mm's
pars. Pather Damion ot Moloka! s the only
Enown atception to this statement
There are two hondred and
mmd.m-mmng
Of thess, eme and forty are sative
born Muvnmmm".
Bo Bl vhe WARY years age
s owr wesiarn Siates, falled 10 fad &
Mn.dm“.u.m.
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General von Hindenburg, Germany’s Greatest Gen
eral, and His “Facial Angle,” Showing Massive De
velopment of the Lower Part of His Face, Whicl
Indicates Strong Animal Qualities Rather Than In
of the sixth century this type had
overrun all the area of modern
Germany, except the lands along
the western shores. We now
Enow, however, that the permea
tion of Germany by men of the
Hindénburg type 414 not degin
with the breakup of the Roman
Empire. In anclent graves of the
early fron, bronze and neolithie
Ages we find the Hindenburg type,
showing that the westward move
ment of the fiat occiputs had set In
thousands of years before the days
of the Roman Empire.
“With the exit of the Franks and
Anglo-Saxons the short-headed an
cestors of modern Germany were
left as the dominant type of Ger
many.”
When the Professor argues that
the predominast Boglish type of
skull represents & more advanced
race than the German many people
will point to the great sclentifie
schievements and tremendous ma
terial progress of the Germans in
receat years.
To this it may be replied that
sone of the great sclentific discov.
eries, inventions and ideas can be
credited to Oermans. Such spoch.
mn‘m"&"‘;.:
Prankitn, Pastesr, Marcon! asd
others came from the AngloßSaros
and Latin races,
Originality and intellectual cre
Ative power are, accordiag to this
m.“wmu.
mentally rmoe. The med.
Germans, who bhave good
k.‘nm.m
tellectual Powers
able to master the {deas and inven.
tions of the older races and u,‘
them for their own peculiar pum
poses,
In the prehistoric German or
Teutonic graves the skulls are
nearly always long headed, of the
type very commonly found among
Englishmen of the upper classes,
English farmers, Germans in the
uorthwestern corner of Germany,
Hollanders and Scandinavians. On
the other hand, it was observed by
the great anthropologist, de Quatre
fages, that the modern Germans are
generally broad-headed and the Ber
varians the most distinctly square
headed people in Europe.
Ethnologists now belfeve that ¢
certain long-headed race that we
call Teutonic, one of an innumen
able series of Aryan mmuml
fn.Anh.Wourwhtbln
Germany and other parts of Fa
rope. It must not be supposed that
they wiped out the earlier peoples”
of the countries they invaded. but
being mentally and physically se
perior, they Imposed thelr lam.
Suage and customs of the inhabit
Ants of the lands they conquered.
Descendants of the earifest prehis.
toric peoples survive among the
dominant races.
The original Teutonie type 1
traced udmistakably o ancient
German skulls, in Englishmen,
from the time of Alfred the Grest
down to the present day, and 1
Frenchmen of the northern 1
of the country, descendants
the Teutonic race that firet estad
lished the united French nation. ',
Germany, a large country and
greatly exposed on the east to new
migrations from Asia. the cflfid
Teutonle stock Appears to -
been swamped by invasions of
Slavs, Turanians, Mongolold and
other elements. Prussia is cop
tainly largely Slavie
In Germany aiso there Appears to
have been & large and vigorous pre
Teutonle population, to which ‘he
nul:fly *uareaheadad Bavariang
-l!nhuu Keith finally makes the
interesting point that races with
the fiat back head which charactesp
388 modern Germans bave neves
shown any aptitude for the ea
Whl. Duteh. Norwes
glans, all the races thad
bave been remarkable for elpioits
AL sen Bave had the projecting
back-head. Perbaps the most .:‘
b
Ber savy almost -m*
ST M T
o 4 Tentonlo type still
MAITY lepars ever contract the diseass,
o, eSst T
seven per cent of the of
rontract the disease
mmmmnmun‘
il)nulnuhbmoh.do.*-
(eEard 1o leprosy s founded parely on anclent
ignorance rather thas medieal fact Laprosy
hhrh.u:.:-unon::-mflno
case bareulosts. taherenionte
muhumhummw
stitlons dread
A% 1o the mode of trassmission of the dis
laproas Bave been found he
Mdhmuhwm
Bat the discase may be tranemitied when Sies
of the hon OPeB wousds or wpos (he orifess
et ot At bt
moag s ltloee »n
tplication has dees obtainable The morous
mum-—.mm:‘uz
mobeh-adnmdmm
Are fret searched I 8 & dlagsosis