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* | Horticulture Farm Lands A AL\ A § bt .t S L ANLJL N Southern Farm Information .
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Mills Crushing Legume as Sub
stitute for Cotton Seed—Meal -
Has Feed Value.
oo 1
By C. B. WILLIAMS, |
Chief Division of Agronomy, North
Carolina Agricultural Experi- ‘
ment Station. |
In order that any people may main
tain their soils in the highest state of
productivity in an economical way, it
will be necessary that proper systems
of crop rotation are used, and in these
rotations it will be pecessary to bring
_in leguminous crops at as frequent
intervals as practicable. ,=~
One of the crops of this nature that
may be used to good advantage is
th_e soy bean. If properly handled,
this crop may be used as the means
ot_addlng to the produectivity of the
soils as well as to increase the netre
turns from the farm. Recently there
hias been marked interest throughout
the South in the growing of so¥y
beans. This interest will undoubted
ly lead many farmers of the South
to greatly increase from year to year
the acreage devoted to the growth of
this legume. Since it appears that a
new outlet for the beans has devel
oped from the crushing of the seed
by a number of oil mills, the farmer
should feel assured that, for such
seed as he may have to put on the
n:arket, hereafter, better prices, as a
general thing, may be expected. How
ever, should good prices not prevail,
because of-the high feeding value of
the seed, the beans may be used for
feeding to such live stock as may be
on the farm.
It is reasonable to suppose that
within a few years the boll weevil
will cover all the cotton-growing area
of the South, and when it does there
will probably be a material reduction
in the production of cotton in this
country. Let our people prepare for
this day by growing some crop to
take a part of the acreage that 1s now
devoted to the growth of cotton. It
has been found in the chief soy-bean
growing centers of the South that
where there beans are properly plant
ed and cultivated farmers may ex
pect something like two-thirds to
three-fourths as large yields per acre
as are secured from corn. The price
per bushel for the beans has always
been from 50 to 100 per cent greater
than for the corn. |
Good Summer Crop. |
The soy bean is one of the w‘ryj
best crops for sumffier growth in the
South for soil-improving purposos.}
for feed, for work-stock, and for oth- |
er live stock that may be on the farm.
1t grows well under most of the con
ditions obtaining in the South, and‘
farmers generally would find it to
their advantage to grow more of this
crop. It grows during the hot sum
mer months, and may be removed
from or plowed into the soil any time
during the early fall in order for Um‘
jand to be put into a winter-growing
crop like wheat, oats, rye, erimson
clover, hairy vetch or a combination
of these.
The farming people have hardly be
gun to appreciate the possibilities of
properly handled soils, in the grm\u‘
ing of remunerative and restorative
crops. This matter has been strik
ingly brought to the attention of the
people in the case of soy beans.
This crop was introduced some
thing like 35 years ago,.yet very lit
tle was heard of it outside of very
limited areas, until quite recently,
when a campaign was begun to in
duce the cotton oil mills to use beans
for crushing purposes in the, same
general way that cotton seed had
been used for many years before,
This campaign not only opened the
eyes of the oil crushers to the possi
bilities of the soy bean in a commer
cial way, but of the farmers, also, to
the great opportunities of this crop.
The first commercial manufacture
of soy-bean oil and meal from domes
tie soy beans in the United States was
started on December 13, 1915, by the
Elizabeth City Oil and Fertilizer
Company, of Elizabeth Gty INOC,
From the start this mill operated
night and day solely on soy beans
until it had crushed fts supply of
about 20,000 bushels. This mill was
able to erush about twenty tons dur
ing each 24 hours. The change from
the manufacture of cotton-seed oil 10‘
sov-bean oil was made by them with-‘
out any expense as to extra machin
ery and with but little expense for
adjustment. The superintendent of
the mill has estimated that the labor
expenditure required in making the
adjustment did not exceed $5.
Soy-Bean Oil.
One of the chief products secured in |
the crushing of the beans is the oil. |
\This oil has wide usefulness at the
present time in the commercial world.
The amount of oil in the beans
amounts to from 17 to 20 per cent.|
This oil, when expressed from good, |
sound beans, is prgctically neutral,
and about 95 per cent of it is saponi
fiable. |
In a bushel of Mammoth Yellow soy
' peans there are ordinarily contained
about 11 pounds, or 1.42 gallons, of|
ooil, weighing 7.72 pounds per gallon.
The oil mills at present are able, by
expression methods, to get out only
70 to 75 per cent of the total amount
of oil contained in the beans. By the
use of appropriate solvents, such as
gasoline, practically all of the oil|
might be removed. |
At the present time the oil is used
in this country chiefly in the manu-‘
facture of soaps, varnishes, nain?s_‘
enamels, linoleums, and wator-pmof-}
ing materials. It has entered, also,
to some extent in the manufacture of
edible salad oil and butter substitutes.
The unizasded ail may replace lin
j
v. ' |
In Gulf States Cultivation of the
' \
Newly Tried Legume s Prov
ing Profitable. |
|
e 1
By CHARLES A. WHITTLE,
Georgia State College of Agriculture.
A wonderful bean is almost liter
ally spreading all over the Gulf
States. It is the velvet bean. A few
yvears ago it was unknown. But now
it is becoming so well and favorably
known that Gulf State farmers are
giving it right of way. They plant it
along with corn, and by the time the
corn is ready to mature there is no
corn to be seen. The only evidences
of it are hummocks of velvet beans.
Sometimes the beans are so heavy
that the corn staiks go down under
their weight and leave no visible sign
of the corn's existence. On rich soil
the vines ext@ad 50 feet or more.
At the right time hogs go into the
tangles of vegetation, composed of
corn and velvet beans, literally root
in. Their presence is noted only by
tfhe agitation of the leaves and stalks
above them. When the hogs are in
duced to come out of the fields some
weeks later, they are in prime condi
tion for the butcher. Likewise beef
and dairy cattle rustle in the corn
bean patches and do well all winter
with no other feed than that provided
by corn, beans in the pod, fodder and
stalks. The feeding value of the vel
vet bean is quite high, and a commer
cial business has been established
with bean meal as a basis, the meal
being made by grinding bean and pod
together.
Many of the Southern cotton farm
ers regard the velvet bean a salva
tion at a time when the boll weevil
has made it impossible’to raise cotton
very successfully. Some of the farm
ers plant corn, velvet beans and pea
nuts together, so that the hogs need
not stop their ‘harvesting above
ground, but may plow the ground
while rooting for peanuts.
Velvet beans and peanuts are le
gumes, which to the intelligent farm
er mean richer soil. Fach leguminous
pliant is a little nitrogan factory for
making nitrogen from the air just as
the United States Governmeut is pro
rosing to do with hydro-electric pow
er plants principally for preparedness
for war.
seed oil completely, with quite satis
factory results, in the manufacture of
soft soaps: but it can only partially
take the place of cotton-seed oil in
making hard soaps. This is because
the soap made from soy-bean oil is
of a somewhat softer nature than that
manufactured from cotton-seed oil.
After hydrogenation the oil has a
wider field of usefulness, and may, in
sofne cases, entirely revlace llnseedl
oil or other drying oils with very sat
isfactory results.
Feed and Fertilizer.
The meal secured from crushing the
beans is the most valuable product,
and will have the widest usefulness.
That secured from the crushing of
vellow-colored beans is of a bright,
vellow color. while that produced from
the brown and dark-colored beans is
of a somewhat darker shade. Meal,
too, that has been treated with ordi
nary solvents, employed for this pur
pose to remove the oil, is of a bright
er color than are those meals from
which the oil has been removed by
heating and pressure. The oil, how
ever, secured by a solvent process
would be of a darker color.
The soy-bean cake sacured by ex
pression methods has a pleasant
taste, not unlike malted milk, and
when ground into meal may be used,
at the present time, chiefly for feed
ing to live stock or for fertilizing
purposes. The meal as a feed is high
ly concentrated and nutritious, and
all kinds of stock seem to relish it
when fed to them properly. It should
not be fed in large quantities for any
great length of time, beCause of its
highly concentrated nature. As a fer,
tilizer it acts satisfactorily. Much &
the meal produced by the oil mills
of the State during the past year
seems to have been sold, without any
difficulty, to manufactuners for the
making of mixed fertilizers.
From the fertilizer standpoint, soy
bean meal is richer in plant-food con
stituents than. js cotton-seed meal.
From available analysis, the meal, on
an average, contains 7.48 per cent ni
trogen, 1.4 per cent phosphoric acid,
and 1.83 per cent potash. All these
constituents contained in soy-bean
meal should be in about as available
form for use by crops as they are in
cotton-seed meal. Based on these
percentages, an exchange, purely from
the fertilizer standpoint, of about 1,-
500 pounds of soy-bean meal of av
erage composition for 2,000 pounds
(33 1-3 bushels) of beans would be
about equal in money value. Where
the farmer makes an exchange, he
shouldi however, secure at least
e¢nough above this amount to cover
well the cost of delivery of the beans
to the mill. The meal, being a very
concentrated product, should always
sell as high, or higher, than cotton
seed meal, as it 1s usually richer in
protein than the latter.
Prices Paid for Beans by the Oil Mills.
The price which the mill men can
pay for sov beans will be governed to
a large extent by the prices they are
able to secure for the soy-bean oil and
meal. If these products bring good
prices the mills ought to be in a po
sition to pay the farmer a good price
for his beans. During the past fall
farmers generally were able to se
cure from the oil mills from $1 to
$1.15 per bushel. In some cases as
high as $1.25 per bushel was palid.
This Section Also Contains Real Estate, Want Ads, Finance and Firing Line
South Carolina Is Successtully Growing Grain and Forage Crops
Palmetto State Farmers Are No Longer Wedded to Cotton Alone
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Live Stock on Every
Farm Urged in Mi
arm urged 11 iiss.
Agricultural College Officials Unfold
Plans for Extension Work
in State.
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MISS.,
Jan. 13.—What promises to be the most
comprehensive cooperative movement
for the betterment of farming ever un
dertaken in any State has just been
launched by J. E. Ruff, the newly ap
pointed district agent in the co-opera
tive farm demonstration work of the
Mississippi A. & M. College and the
Federal Government for south Missis
sippi, who is planning not only for
neighbor to cooperate with neighbor in
his territory, but for every agency now
working for the upbuilding of agricul
ture, including professional crafts and
representatives of other occupations to
unite as one organization, meeting” at
one central point to determine the two
or three specific lines of farming that
have proven most profitable in that sec
tion and acting in unison by means of
these definite enterprises to drive
straight toward the goal of a highly
profitable agriculture for the whole of
south Mississippi.
Announcement of these plans were
made here by President W. H. Smith, of
the college, following a conference bhe
tween Presldent Smith and Mr. Ruff.
One of the specific enterprises that
will be pushed by this federation, as ex—
plained by President Smith will be
stock raising, with the slogan, ‘‘Live
stock of some kind on every south Mis
sissippi farm.” In some communities the
interest will be centered on hog ralsing,
other communities will be made into
dairy centers, and still others into beef
cattle capitals, while, as Mr. Ruff sees
it, over all of south Mississippl sheep
should be grown to utilize the weeds and
coarse hay that are not relished by other
forms of stock. <
Linked to the live stock teachings will
be that of growing plentiful feed sup
plies, and especially of leguminous
crops, which furnish food not only to
the stock, but to the soil as well.
. .
Y
S. A. L. Builds Cars
For Dairy Product
JACKSONVILLE, FLA, Jan, 13.—Two
specially constructed refrigerator cars
are being built by the Seaboard Afr Line
Railway to handle the milk, cream and
dairy products of the dairymen of Tal
lahassee and ILeon County, who will
ship their ‘goods here. These cars will
be ready this month, according to Mrs.
Florence R. 8. Phillips, of T:filahassw.
who came here to arrange for distribu
tion of the products in this city.
Mrs. Phillips is one of the leading
business women of Tallahassee, being
secretary of the Tallahassee Boosters'
Club. Mrs. Phillips received informa
tion regardindg the construction of the
cars several days ago from B. L. Ham
ner, general industrial and development
agent of the Seaboard Air Line Rail
way. The output from Tallahassee and
immediate vicinity will be sma’l at first,
but plans are being made for an in
crease. “There probably will be only
about 100 cans a day to begin with, but
1 know there are many cattle growers
who are planning to extend their work
into the dairying business, and before
many weeks elapse | think the business
will make wonderful headway.” said
Mrs, Phillips
ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, JANUARY, 14, 1917.
Thoroughness of Early Plowing Is
Important Factor Toward
| Successful Harvest.
One very essential principal in corn
production in tne Central South is
winter breaking of sod lands. Other
things being equal, sod land will give
better returns ~than soil which has
been cropped the preyious year, there
being more humus in the sod land,
and humug holds moisture which is
so essential. However, if the land is
sloping to sueh an extent that the
heavy winter rains will wash away
the turned soil, then early spring
plowing is permissible and advisable.
In turning, three things should be
kept in mind, depth to’ plow, thor
oughness of work, and dryness of
land. Depth of plowing is a matter
needing study. It is desirable to plow
not less than 8 to 10 inches, yet if
the land has been turned shallow
previously, the desirable depth must
be reached gradually.
The upper surface of the soil is
the most fertile, containing the
greater part of the plant food and
organic rmatter, When the soil is
plowed deep this layer of organic
and plant food is covered with in
active, inert material on the surface.
Tehrefore, as a precaution, it is sug
gested that the deepening be grad-.
ual rather than at one turning. Disk
ing a sod before plowing aids in get
ting good contacts between the sur
face sooil and the subsoil,
Thoroughness of plowing is as im
portant as thoroughness in other
lines of business and the farmer
practicing such methods is usually
ranked as a progressive one, All
workings, especially of our heavy
clay lands, should be done only wHen
the soil is in proper condition, that
is, when it is dry enough not to “pud
dle” when worked. A single plowing
when too wet will have a bad effect
for three or four yeans. The same
is true of harrowing and cultivating,
vet to a somewhat less extent.
The time for turning land for
corn is in the winter, or before
spring: because, first, theyaction of
the weather—freezing and thawing
pulverizes the soil and the material
t. rned under will’/begin to decay and
change to plant food. Spring turn
ing leaves more or less air spaces
which cut off the moisture supply
from below. Then, by winter break- !
ing we are able to gather and con
serve a greater amount of moisture
for the summer crop. |
Time is also an important factor. |
During the winter both man and
horse hive more time then in which
they are not occupied than in the
spring 5
Seedmen Suggest What and How to
| Sow for Spring Vege- g
tables.
Seedmen and truck gardeners are now
turning thelir attention to the prepara
tions for February planting in the
Southern states, north of Florida. Seed
‘men recommend that next month gar
deners sow in hot beds or cold frames
‘varly cabbage, cauliffower, beet, onion,
lettuce, raddish; and in hotbeds sow
eggplant, tomato and pepper. The last of
the month sow in open ground early
peas, spring kale, rhubarb and horse
radish roots, beets, spinach, carrot, cel
ery, radish and parsley. Set out aspar
agus roots, onion sets and hardy lettuce
plants. Early plantings of potatoes can
be made. Hardy flower seeds can be
forwarded either by sowing in hotbeds
or in pots and boxes in the house for
later transplanting.
For the farm, prepare plant beds and
put in tobacco seed. Sow Canada field
peas and oats, and toward end of month
grass and clover seeds can sarely be
put in. Sow dwarf esseX rape for sheep
grazing,
Politics Not to Rule
NEW YORK, Jan, 13.—Organization
of the twelve Federal land banks has
been undertaken, the farm loan board
has announced with a metermination to
eliminate politics entirely in the selec
tion of the men who are to set up and
operate the new institutions.
The board announces that every effort
will be made to get men whose fitness
will commend them, not only to farm
ers, who must borrow money, but to
investors, who must look upon farm
loan bonds as safé and prime securities.
Secretary McAdoo has made public a
letter he has addressed to.the Governors
of all States, urging that they recom
mend to their respective Legislatures
the enactment of laws to make farm
loan bondsg legal investments for trust
funds and savings banks, where such
laws are necessary. Mr. McAdoo also
has written to the various farm loan
organizations of each State pointing out
the desirability of co-operation by them
with the Governors in any measures
aaopted looking to the enactment of
such legislation.
. .
Sheep-Raising Offers
; . . .
~ Opening in Florida
| e
GAINESVILLE, FLA., Jan. 13.—The
present high price of wool has aroused
much interest in sgheep-growing, and
many farmers are thinking of entering
this field. C. L. Willoughby, professor
of animal husbandry In the college of
agricu'ture, University of Florida, limks
nearly every farm could support a small
flock of sheep to advantage on the rough
fordges and scanty pastures,
It would be best prohably to start in
sheep paising with a few native ewes
and breed up the flock with a pure
bred ram, says Professor Willoughby.
For mutton purposes the Southdown an,]
Shropshire breeds are good, and for wool
the Merino and Rambouillet are best.
The Rambouillet breed is good for bhoth
wool and-mutton and is quite successful
in Florida.
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5 S ol i Y
Live Stock Board in
Florida Is Proposed
[ o l
West End of State Plans Series of
Meetings to Influence
Legislation.
PENSACOLA. FLA., Jan, 13.—Estab
lishment of a State live stock sunlmr,\'J
{l:«;ar(l by the next Florida Legislature
iwill be one of the objects of a S)’H((f-’
‘mati(' campalign to be conducted in ev
ery county and precincr of west l"lurldai
during the next few months by Dr. J.
V. Knapp, of the bureau of animal in-l
dustry of the United States Department
‘n! Agriculture.
- To give impetus to the movement a
‘meeting of the West Florida Cattlemen's
Assoclation wil! be held in Pensacola |
on a date to be designated between now ‘
'arid the meeting of the Legislature, andi
this meeting will be followed by the
meetings on a smaller scale in all of th&:!
counties and precincts of this part of the
State. |
Dr. Knapp said that the establish- |
ment of the live stock sanitary board,
which, under the State Government, has
the same functions as the bureau of ani
mal industry for the national Govern-
Izn(-m, was an absolute necessity in|
| Florida because all of the States border- ‘
ing on Florida have such departments
inf’ Government to control the brewiing,‘
shipment and marketing of live stock. \
The State Live Stock Asmmiuliun.‘
| which meets in Gainesville January 16-
' 19, will discuss establishment of the sani- |
| tary board and tick eradication. .\'hullar‘
lmw'lings will be held in middle and
' southern Florida to discuss the same
| proposgition before the Legislature meets.
i .
4 Q< g
Business Men Asked
. . . |
t To Aid in Tick Wa,ri
| JACKSONVILLE, FLA., Jan, 13,»-~Th.=,l
Business Men's Club has heen asked to
co-operate with the Government tick.
eradication workers in their efforts to
rid Florida of this cattle pest by Dr.
K. L. Nighbert, of the Department of
Agriculture.
Dr. Nighbert has told the business
men of the fight that is heing waged to
clear the Southern States of the Texas
fever tick. He 'savs the cattle and beet
industry is one of the most staple and
'substantial in_which the Florida farmer
can engage. He has told of the handi
caps that the tick workers have met in
Georgla and other States, where in sev
eral instances the di{:phlg vats have
been dynamited. He asks the club mem
bers to assist him :'%fi his co-workers
to mold public opinion in favor of a
wholesale crusade against spread or tol
erance of the pest.
|
Florida Gardeners
State Classed in Three Divisions,
With Special Crops Best Adapted
to Each.
For Florida gardeners the following
sugestions are made as to February
planting:
North and West Florida—Asparagus
seed, early corn, Brussels sprouts, cab
bage, carrots, collards, eggplart seed,
English peas, Irish potatoes ,kale, leeks,
lettuce, onions, parsely, pepper seed
rutabagas, salsify, spinach, beets, tur
nips. \
Central Florida—Asparagus seed, early
corn, sea island cotton, beans, Brussels
sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots,
collards, cucumbers, eggplant seed,
English peas, Irish potatoes, kale, leeks,
lettuce, onions, parsley, parsnip seed,
rutabagas, salsify, spinach, Windsor
beans, beets, sugar cane, field corn.
Southern Florida—Adams early corn,
beans, beets, Brussels sprouts, cabbage,
cantaloupes, carrots, cucumbers, egg
plant seed, Irish potatoes, bale, lettuec,
okra, onions, pepper seed, spinachf
squash, Windsor beans, fleld corn and
sugar cane.
Inferior Live Stock
Not Wanted in South
\— i o
Improved live stock is in great de
mand in the South, and breeding ani
mals must be imported from the North
ern States. Because of this demand a
few Northern breeders are snipping to‘
Southern buyers animais that are poor
representatives of the breed. Some of
the live stock papers recently have
printed reports on this subject and warn
Northern breeders to ship to the South
none but high-grade animals.
Loufsiana breeders have suffered loss
by rpceivlni stunted and disqualified
pigs in Northern shipments. In Florida
a breeder of hogs received from a breed
er in another State a pig for which a
high price had been paid, and the ani
mal proved to be poorer in conformation
and quality than the Florida buyer had
on his own farm.
The best plan to use in buving breed
ing stock, experienced live stock men
say, I 8 to require a guarantee that the
‘animal must satisfy the buyer or it may
be returned and money refunded. The
‘majority of Northern breeders are ready
to send good animals to the South at
comparatively low prices for the pur
pose of introducing the-breeds and mak
ing future good customers of Southern
farmers, Reputable breeders usually‘
will be glad to make the guarantee sug
gested
Organization in Atlanta Perma
nent Institution for Develop
ment of Southern Lands.
By ARCHIE LEE.
Now that cotton is hovering around
20 cents a pound, Georgia farmers, in
contemplating the new ecrop, are ask-
Ing themselves and their neighbors
how to make the old red hills, as welil
as the black soil of the lowlands, pro
duce more. No cotton—nor other
crops, for that matter—was left in the
flelds this year for want of picking,
ian«l it doesn’t take a detective to
learn that they are going to make
their farms produce every pound pos
sible next year.
Agronomists are agreed that at no
other period in the agricultural his
tory of the South have farmers been
80 ready to learn the lessons scien
tists have,&g teach about soil devei
opment, Experiment stations and
agriculturdl colleges are enjoying the
popularity of “war brides.”
It is a happy coincidence that at
this period the Southern Fertilizer
Association has established in Atlan
ta a farmers' gervice organization,
which is to be a permanent institution
for the development of Southern farm
lands. The idea is to disseminate as
much information as possible,
through advertsing, publicity and
correspondence, about the proper use
of commercial fertilizers.
Experts Engaged for Work.
Within a few days the new organi
zation will be in full swing. Profes
sor J. N. Harper, recognized as one of
the foremost agricultural authorities
in the South, has reslg!:xd the posi
tion of dean of the South Carolina
Agricultural College, at Clemson, and
assumed the duties of director of the
service organization. He will have
assoclated with him Professor J. C,
Pridmore as agronomist. Professoi
Pridmore gave up the chalr of soils
and crops of the University of Ten
nessee, at Knoxville, to take the
place. An editorial manager and an
assistant agronomist are to be an
nounced shortly.
These men are experts on farming
and the use of fertilizers. They will
be in close touch with the Govern
ment experiment stations and the ag
ricultural colleges of the South and
the State and Federal Departments of
Agriculture, and will furnish specific
as well as general Information on soil
problems.
The offices of the service depart -
[mont are in the new headquarters of
the Southern Fertflizer Association,
In the Rhodes Building. The terri
tory to be covered includes the States
of Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgla, Mlorida, Alabama,
Tennessae, Mississippt, Louisiana and
1 Arkansas.
~ Efforts at soil development by ths
Southern Fertilizer Assoclation wers
‘begun in a smal] Way some years ago
by soil improvement committees. The
Ademand for/this sort of service has
grown to such an extent that it was
‘vnnsldered necessary to create the
farmers’ service organization to sup
ply it.
' Service Without Cost.
Detached from the assoclation, the
new organization would stand as a
purely philanthropie effort. It has
nothing to do with selling fertilizers,
and all its service is given free, The
Southern Fertilizer Assoclation is
composed of approximately 95 per
cent of the wholesale fertilizer deal
ers in the South, and for the expendi -
‘tnrn necessary to maintain the serv.-
ice bureau, their benefits will be only
‘the general and indirect return of a
‘fzrnan'r use of fertilizers by, the farm
ers.
\ “Broadly, the lesson to be taught
‘about fertilizers is that it is not a
stimulant, but a food, to plant life,”
sald Harry Hodson, of Athens, the
president of the Southern Fertilizer
Association, in outlining the plans of
the farmers’ service department.
When it is remembered that the
':mw-hpllum custom of wearing out
fields and abandoning them was
proved obsolete, and the true agricul
tural development of the South was
begun only with the introduction of
commercial fertilizers, something of
the scope of this new organization
and of the promise of Southern farm
land development can be grasped.
Ernest E. Dallis iz secretary-treas
urer of the Southern Fertilizer Asso
ciation, and the members of the soil
improvement committee are W. R.
Richards, Atlanta, chairman; D. B.
Osborne, Atlanta: Harry Hodson,
Athens; T.. M. Bogle, Tupelo, Miss.:
W. B. Stratford, Montgomery, Ala.,
and W, Macß. Smith, Norfolk,
Live Stock Growing
The demand for better live stock is
growing in the South, and a great manyv
farmers are discarding scrubs for pure
bred and good grade animals. The pro
duction of such stock will emphasize
more than ever the necessity for pleqt}'
of feed, Unless thé common practics
of feeding is improved the importation
of new blood \\'if! be neutralized. The
necessity of plenty of winter feed for
any animal! is apparent, whether it 18
or g ~bred. T
" wab,,'\“u)\,}lrtuwz\ producers are objec!
ing to the high cost of feed. They for
get that the price of animals has also
increased in proportion, so that they can
realize just as great profits from feed
ing now as they ever could.