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T " | Poultry Pets,Pigeons, §\ \§\\\§ §§ \§\\\\\ 7 \\\\\§\\\\\\ \\%\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\§\ Plants, Trees,Seeds, |& | T 3 o VN ¢ § LN . . N ! | Live Stock,Dairying, &\\\\\\\\\\ NN § §\\\\ §\ Te§§ \% Truck Gardening, |§ N . \ \ ¢ \ N\ Nl . |& | | HorticultureFarmLands AAL L bt QS &b AN L U SouthernFarmlnformation |§ e e 11T F 4 Y|l [ gT3 S ! . Mills Crushing Legume as Sub stitute for Cotton Seed—Meal Has Feed Value. By C. B. WILLIAMS, Chief Div_i.ion of Agronomy, North Carolina Agricultural Experi ment Station. In order that any people may main tain their soils in the highest state of productivity in an economical way, it will be necessary that proper systems of crop rotation are used, and in these rotations it will he necessary to bring in leguminous orops at as frequent intervals as practicable, One of the crops of this nature that may be used to good advantage is the soy bean. If properly handled, this crop may be used as the means of adding.to the productivity of the soils as well as to increase the net re turns from the farm. Recently theore has been marked interest throughout the South in the growing of soy beans. This interest will undoubted ly lead many farmers of the South to greatly increase from year to year the acreage devoted to the growth of this legume. Since It appears that a new outlet for the beans has devel oped from the crushitg of the seed by a number of oil mills, the farmer should feel assured that, for such seed as he may have to put on the market, hereafter, better prices, as a goneral thing, may be expected. How ever, should good prices not prevalil, because of the high feeding value of the seed, the beans may be used for feeding to such live stock as may be on the farm. It is reasonable to suppose that within a few years the boll weevil will cover all the cotton-growing area of the South, and when it does there will probably be a material reduction in the production of cotton in this country. Let our people prepare for this day by growing some crop to take a part of the acreage that is now devoted to the growth of cotton. It has been found in the chief soy-bean growing centers of the South that whore these beans are properly plant ed and cultivated farmers may ex pect something like two-thirds to three-fourths as large yields per acre as are secured from corn. The price per bushel for the beans has always been from 50 to 100 per cent greater than for the corn. Good Summer Crop. The soy bean is one of the very best crops for summer growth in the South for soil-improving purpose™ for feed, for work-stock, and for oth er live stock that may be on the farm. 1t grows well under most of the con ditions obtaining in the South, and farmers generally would flnd it to their advantage to grow more of this erop. It grows during the hot sum mer months, and may be removed from or plowed into the soil any time during the early fall in order for the land to be put into a winter-growing crop like wheat, oats, rye, crimson clover, hatry vetch or a combination of these. The farming people have hardly be gun to appreciate the possibilities of properly handled soils, in the grow ing of Temunerative and restorm}ve crops. This matter has been strik ingly brought to the attention of the people in the case of soy beans. This crop was introduced some thing like 35 years ago, vet very lit tle was heard of it, outside of very limited areas, until quite recently, when a campaign was begun to in auce the cotton oil mills to use beans for crushing purposes in the same general way that cotton seed had heen used for many years before, This campaign not only opened the eves of the oil crushers to the possi bilities of the soy bean in a commer clal way, but of the farmers, also, to the great opportunities of this crop. The first commercial manufacture of soy-bzan oil and meal from domes tic soy beans in the United States was atarted on December, 13, 1916, by the PFlizabeth City Oil and Fertllizer Company, of Wlizabeth Clity, N. C. From the start this mill operated night and day solely on soy beans until it had orushed its supply of about 20,000 bushels. This mill was able to crush about twenty tons dur ing each 24 hours. The change f‘rom +he manufacture of cotton-seed oil to sov-hean oil was made by them with out any expense as to extra machin ery and with but little expense for adjustment. The superintendent of the mill has estimated that the labor expenditure required in making the adjustment did not exceed $5. i Soy-Bean Oil. ' One of the chief products secured in the crushing of the beans is the 01l "Phis oil has wide usefulness at the present time in the commercial world. The amount of oil in the Dbeans amounts to from 17 to 20 per cent. This oil, when expressed from good, sound beans, is practically neutral, and about 95 per cent of it is saponi fiable. In a bushel of Mammoth Yellow soy beans there are ordinarily contained about 11 pounds, or 1.42 gallons, of oil, weighing 7.72 pounds per gallon. The oil milla at present are able, by expression methods. to get out only 70 to 756 per cent of the total amount of oil contained in the beans. By the use of appropriate solvents, such as gasoline, practically all of the oil might be removed. At the present time the oil is used in this country chiefly in the manu facture of soaps, varnishes, paints, enamels, linoleums, and water-proof i materials. It has entered, also, l{:gsome axtent in the manufacture of edible salad oil and butter substitutes. The untseated oil may replace lin In Gulf States Cultivation of the Newly Tried Legume Is Prov ing Profitable. By CHARLES A. WHITTLE, Georgia State College of Agriculture. A wonderful bean ig almost liter ally spreading all over the Gulf States. it is the velvet bean. A few years ago it was unknown. But now it is becoming so well and favorably known that Gulf State farmers are giving it right of way. They plant 1t Ilong with corn, and by the time the corn is ready to mature there is no corn to be seen. The only evidences of it are hummocks of velvet beans. Sometimes the beans are so heavy that the corn stalks go down under their weight and leave no visible sign of the corn’s existence. On rich soil the vines extend 50 feet or more. At the right time hogs go into the tangles of vegetation, composed of corn and velvet beans, literally root in. Thsir presence is noted only by the agitation of the leaves and stalks above them. When the hogs are in duced to come out of the fields some weeks later, they are in prime condi tion for the butcher. Likewise beef and dairy cattle rustle in the corn bean patches and do well all winter with no other feed than that provided by corn, beans in the pod, fodder and stalks. The feeding value of the vel vet bean is quite high, and a commer cial business has been established with bean meal as a basis, the meal being made by grinding bean and pod together. Many of the Scuthern cotton farm ers regard the velvet bean a salva tion at a time when the boll weevil has made it impossible to raise cotton very successfully. Some of the farm ers plant corn, velvet beans and pea nuts together, so that the hogs need not stop their harvesting above ground, but may plow the ground while rooting for peanuts. Velvet beans and peanuts are le gumes, which to the intelligent farm er mean richer soil. Each leguminous plant ig a little nitrogen factory for making nitrogen from the air, just as the United States Government is pro posing to do with hydro-electric pow er plants p¥incipally for preparedness ‘for war. seed oil completely, with guite satis factory results, in the manufacture of soft soaps: but it can only partially take the place of cotton-seed oil in making hard soaps. This is because the soap made from soy-bean oil is of a somewhat softer nature than that manufactured from cotton-seed 01l After hydrogenation the oil has a wider field of usefulness, and may, in some cases=, entirely replace linseed oil or other drying oils with very sat isfactory results, Feed and Fertilizer. The meal secured from crushing the beans is the most valuable product, and will have the widest usefulness. That secured from the crushing of yellow-colored beans is of a bright vellow color, while that produced from the brown and dark-colored beans is of a somewhat darker shade. Meal, too, that has been treated with ordi nary solvents, employed for this pur pose to remove the oil, is of a bright er color than are those meals from which the oil has been removed by heating and pressure. The oil, how ever, secured by a solvent process would be of a darker color. The soy-bean cake secured by ex pression methods has a pleasant taste, not unlike malted milk, and when ground into meal may be used, at the present time, chiefly for feed ing to live stock or for fertilizing punposes. The meal as a feed is high ly concentrated and nutritious, and all kinds of stock seem to relish it when fed to them properly. It should not be fed in large quantities for any great length of time, because of its Lighly concentrated nature. As a fer tilizer it acts satisfactorily. Much of the meal produced by the oil mills of the State during the past year seems to have been sold, without any difficulty, to manufacturers for the making of mixed fertilizers. From the fertillzer standpoint, soy bean meal is richer in plant-food con stituents than is cotton-seed meal. From available analysis, the meal, on an average, contains 7.48 per cent ni trogen, 1.4 per cent phosphoric acid, and 1.83 per cent potash. All these constituents contained in soy-bean meal should be in about as available form for use by crops as they are in cotton-seed meal. Based on these percentages, an exchange, purely from the fertilizer standpoint, of about 1,- 500 pounds of soy-bean meal of av erage composition for 2,000 pounds (33 1-83 bushels) of beans would be about equal in money value. Where the farmer makes an exchange, he should, however, secure at least enough above this amount to cover well the cost of delivery of the beans to the mill. The meal, being a very concentrated product, should always sell as high, or higher, than cotton geed meal, as It is usually richer in protein than the latter. Prices Paid for Beans by the Oii Mills. ~ The price which the mill men can pay for sov beans will be governed to a large extent by the prices they are able to secure for the soy-bean oil and meal. If theee products bring good prices the mills ought to be in a po sition to pay the farmer a good price for his beans. During the past fall farmers generally were able to se cure from the oil mills from $1 to 151.1.') per bushel In some cases as high as $1.26 per bushel was paid. South Carolina Is Successfully Growing Grain and Forage Crops Palmetto State Farmers Are No Longer Wedded to Cotton Alone R e B B R % o : & e . : % oNN o - ‘ G s SRR | R o bJBh D \ 3 : 8 » 0 . NEARRARS sTR £y SRR Re B A : | L e !>v oo 53 : e ! &"‘“”’ L e D e oe G el SRR R e 4 oR R B BRI O SRR IR PR BRSPS T g SRR AT B BB Ndvv Rk & 3 S . O RIR FAR S R RO Ro B RNWn v@ “ i o giTR P SRR S A SRRy RN R R RSN sl SR BRAReIe bl 3£ - " . § PR eAIOANRe SRS R oo *@WMQ w 3 mmfi “ i oARSPO RO R SRR eRetRPt gt R 035 «{% SRR SR NAR > BRI . 208 i' 3 : '. 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Agricultural College Officials Unfold Plans for Extension Work in State. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MISS,, Jan. 13.—What promises to be the most comprehensive cooperative movement for the betterment of farming ever un dertaken in any State has just been launched by J. B, Ruff, the newly ap pointed district agent in the co-opera tive farm demonstration work of the Mississippi A. & M. College and the Federal Government for south Missis sippi, who is planning not only for neighbor to cooperate with neighbor in his territory, but for every agency now working for the upbuilding of agricul ture, including professional crafts and representatives of other occupations to unite as one organization, meeting at one central point to determine the two or three specific lines of farming that have proven most profitable in that sec tion and acting in unison by means of these definite enterprises to drive straight toward the goal of a highly profitable agriculture for the whole of south Mississippi. Announcement of these plans were made here by President W. H. Smith, of the college, following a conference be tween President Smith and Mr. Ruff. One of the specific enterprises that will be pushed by this federation, as ex—- plained by President Smith will be stock raising, with the slogan, ‘‘Live stock of some kind on every south Mis sissippi farm.”” In some communities the interest will be centered on hog ralsing, other communitles will be made into dairy centers, and still others into beef cattle capitals, while, as Mr. Ruff sees it, over aN of south Mississippl sheep should be grown to utilize the weeds and coarse hay that are not relished by other forms of stock. Linked to the live stock teachings will be that of growing plentiful feed sup plles, and especlally of leguminous crops, which furnish food mnot only to the stock, but to the soll as well. . S. A. L. Builds Cars For Dairy Products JACKSONVILLE, FLA., Jan, 13.—Two specially constructed refrigerator cars are being built by the Seaboard Air Line Railway to handle the milk, cream and dairy products of the dairymen of Tal lahassee and Leon County, who will ship their goods here. These cars wl]l‘ be ready this month, according to Mrs. Florence R. 8. Phillips, of Ta%lahaflsefl.‘ who came here to arrange for distribu tion of the products in this city. Mrs. Phllfips is one of the leading business women of Tallahassee, being secretary of the Tallahassee Boosters' Club. Mrs. Phillips received informa tion regarding the construction of the cars several days ago from B. .. Ham ner, general industrial and development agent of the Seaboard Air Line Rail way. The output from Tallahassee and‘ immediate vicinity will be small at first, but plang are being made for an in-} crease. ‘‘There probably will be only| about 100 cans a day to begin with, but I know there are many cattle growers who are planning to extend their work into the dairyving business, and bhefore many weeks elapse I think the business ]will make wonderful headway,” saw| Mreg, Phillips, This Section Also Contains Real Estate, and Want Ads ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, JANUARY 14, 1917. Thoroughness of Early Plowing Is Important Factor Toward Successful Harvest, One very essential principal in corn production in tne Central South is winter breaking of sod lands. Other things being equal, sod land will give better returns than soil which has been cropped the preyvious year, there being more humus in the sod land, and humus holdsg moisture which is so essential. However, if the land is slaping to such an extent that the heavy winter rains will wash away the turned soil, then early sprmg‘ plowing i 8 permissible and advisable. In turning, three things should I»el kept in mind, depth to plow, thor-| oughness of work, and dryness of! land. Depth of plowing is a matter needing study. 1t is desirable to plow not less than 8 to 10 inches, vet if the land has been turned shuHm\'l previcusly, the desirable depth must| be reached gradually, The upper surface of the soil is the most fertile, contalning the greater part of the plant food and organic matter. When the soil isl plowed deep this layer of organic and plant food is covered with iln active, inert material on the surface, Therefore, as a precaution, I would suggest that the deepening be grad ual rather than at one turning. Disk ing a sod before plowing aids in get ting good contact between the sur face soil and the subsolil. Thoroughness of plowing is as im portant as thoroughness in other| lines of business and the farmer practicing such methods is usually ranked as a progressive one. All working ~ especially of our heavy clay lands, should be done only when the soil is in proper condition, that 18, when it is.dry enough not to “pud ‘rfle” when worked. A single ].!nwing] 'when too wet will have a bad effect }for three or four years. The same is true of harrowing and cultivating, yet to a somewhat less extent. . The time for turning land fpr corn is In the winter, or before spring; because, first, the action of the weather—freezing and thawing-— pulverizes the soil and the material ' t«ned under will begin to decay and change to plant food. Spring turn ing ieaves more or less alr spaces which cut off the moisture supply from below. Then, by winter break ‘ing we are able to gather and con serve a greater amount of moisture for the summer crop. Tiine is also an important factor. During the winter both man and horse have more time then in which they are not occupied than in the spring, Seedmen Suggest What and How to Sow for Spring Vege tables. Seedmen and truck gardeners are now turning their attention to the prepara tions for February planting in the Southern States, north of Florida. Seed men recommend that next month gar deners sow in hot beds or cold frames early cabbage, cauliflower, beet, onion, lattuce, raddish; and in hotbeds sow eggplant, tomato and pepper. The last of the month sow in open ground early peas, spring kale, rhubarb and horse radish roots, beets, spinach, carrot, cel ery, radish and parsley. Set out aspar agus roots, onion sgets and hardy lettuce plants. Early plantings of potatoes can be made Hardy flower seeds can be forwarded either by sowing in hotbeds or in pots and boxes in the house for later transplanting. For the farm, prepare plant beds and put in tobacco seed. Sow Canada field peas and oats, and toward end of month grass and clover seeds can safely be put in. Sow dwarf essex rape for sheep grazing, London Tourist to Reside in Asheville ASHEVILLE, Dec. 30.—Four weeks from London; arrives in Asheville; impressed with the beauties of the city and its environs; buys a home site the next day and immediately begins building operations. Such is the record of A. E. Bar ton, a former English iron manufac turer, in deciding upon a permanent home in this city. Mr. Barton had been here but one day when he decided this was the place for him to spend the balance of his days. He arrived in New York from IL.ondon only a few weeks ago, and with his wife, vas motoring to Florida® to spend the winter, when they decided to visit Asheville on the way. One day’s looking around was enough to cause him to make up his mind. The next morning he bought a lot, started excavations for the foundation and in the meantime con sulted an architect, Sheep-Raising Off eep-nalsing ers . . 1 . - Opening in Florida GAINESVILLE, FLA. Jan. 13.—The present high price of wool has aroused much Interest in shéep-growing, and many farmers are thinking of entering this field. C. L. Willoughby, professor of animal husbandry in the college of agriculture, University of Florida, thinks nearly every farm could support a small flock of sheep to advantage on the rough forages and scanty pastures. It would be best probably to start in gheep raising with a few native ewes and breed up the flock with a pure bred ram, says Professor Willoughby. For mutton purposes the Southdown and Shropshire breeds are good, and for wool the Merino and Rambouillet are hest. The Rambouillet breed is good for both wool and mutton and is quite successful in Florida, Y RoBRRT R e TR SRR ok SER SRR Sl L PR % BSRAR S 2 PR S R g ! 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PENSACOLA. FLA., Jan, 13.-—Eetab lishment of a State live stock sanitary board by the next Florida Legislature will be one of the objects of a s_vste-‘ matic campaign to be conducted in ev ery county and precinct of west Florida during the next few months by Dr, J. V. Knapp, of the bureau of animal In dustry of the United States Department of Agriculture, To give impetus to the movement a meeting of the West Florida Cattlemen’s Association will be held in Pensacola on a date to be designated between now and the meeting of the [egislature, and this meeting will be followed by the meetings on a smaller scale in all of the counties and precinets of this part of the State Dr. Knapp said that the establish ment of the live stock sanitary board, which, under the State Government, has the same functions as the bureau of ani mal industry for the national Govern ment, was an absolute necessity m‘ Florida because all of the States border ‘| ing on Klorida have such departments of Government to contiol the breeding, shipment and marketing of live stock. The State l.ve Stock Association, which meets in Gainesville January 16- 19, will discuss establishment of the sani- | tary board and tick eradication. Similar meetings will be held In middle and southern Florida to discuss the same proposition before the Legislature meets. Busi Men Asked To Aid in Tick War Y | JACKSONVILLE, FLA., Jan, 18.—The Business Men's Club has been asked to co-operate with the Government tick eradication workers in their efforts to rid Florida of this cattle pest by Dr. K. L. Nighbert, of the Department of Agriculture | Dr. Nighbert has told the business men of the fight that is being waged to clear the Southern Htates of the Texas fever tick. He says the cattle and beef industry is one of the most staple and substantial in which the Florida farmer can engage. He has told of the handi caps that the tick workers have met In Georgia and other States, where in sev eral instances the difiping vats have been dynamited, He asks the club mem bers to assist him and his co-workers to mold public opinion ia favor of a wholesale crusade against spread or tol erance of the pest, Florida Gardeners | State Classed in Three Divisions, With Special Crops Best Adapted to Each. For Florida gardeners the following sugestions are made as to February planting: [ North and West Florida—Asparagus seed, early corn, Brussels sprouts, cab ‘bage, carrots, collards, eggplant sced, English peas, Irish potatoes ,kale, lecks, lettuce, onlons, parsely pepper seed, rutabagas, salsfy, spinach, beets, tur | nips. i Central Florida - Asparagus seed, early corn, sea island cotton, beans, Brussels ‘;sproum. cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots, | collards, cucumbers, eggplant seed, 'h‘nglish peas, Irish potatoes, kale, leeks, Jettuce, onions, parsley, parsnip seed, lrulubazns, salsify, splnach, Windsor beans, beets, sugar cane, fleld corn. Southern FKFlorida--Adams early corn, beans, beets, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots, cucumbers, egg plant seer, Irish potatoes, kale, lettuce, okra, onions, pepper seed, splinach, ‘Mumsh, Windsor beans, fleld corn and LBHK&H‘ cane. ‘L . . | Inferior Live Stock - Not Wanted in South | . ~ Improved live stock is in great de ;mflnd in the South, and breeding ani mals must be imported from the NOI‘UI-‘ ern Htates. Because of this demand a few Northern breeders are shipping to Southern buyers animals that are poor representatives of the breed. Some of the live stock papers recently have printed reports on this subject and warn Northern breeders to ship to the South none but high-grade animals. Loulsiana breeders have suffered loss by recelvlng stunted and disqualified pign in Northern shipments. In Florida a breeder of hogs received from a breed er in another State a pig for which a high price had been paid, and the ani mal proved to be poorer in conformation and quality than the Florida buyer had on his own farm. The best plan to use in buying breed ing stock, experienced live stock men say, i 8 to require a guarantee that the animal must satisfy the buyer or it may be returned and money refunded. The majority of Northern breeders are ready to send good animals to the South at comparatively low prices for the pur pose of introducing the breeds and mak ing future good customers of Southern farmers, Reputable breeders usua]ly| will be glad to make the guarantee Sug gested, fl P[N 7 Organization in Atlanta Perma nent Institution for Develop ~ ment of Southern Lands. By ARCHIE LEE. Now that cotton is hovering avound 20 cents a pound, Georgia farmers, in contemplating (he new orop, are aglhe ing themselves and their neighboss how to malke the old red hills, as well as the black soil of the lowlands, pré= duce more. No cotton—nor other crops, for that matter-—was left in the flelds this year for want of pleking, and it doesn't take a detective to learn that they are going to malte their farms produce every pound pos sible next year. Agronomists are agreed that at no other period in the agricultural his ‘tory of the South have farmers been 80 ready to learn the lessons sclen tiets have to teach about soll devel opment. Experiment stations and agricultural colleges are enjoying the popularity of “war brides.” ) | It is a happy coincidence that at this period the Southern FPFertilizer Association has established in Atlan ta a farmers’ service organization, which is to be a permanent institution for the development of Southern farm lands. The idea is to disseminate as much information as possible, through advertising, publiclty and correspondence, about the Pproper use of commercial fertilizers. Experts Engaged for Work. Within a few days the new organi zation will be in full swing. Profes sor J. N. Harper, recognized as one of the foremost agricultural authorities in the South, has resigned the posi tion of dean of the South Carolina Agricultural College, at Clemson, and assumed the duties of director of the service organization. He will have associated with him Professor J. C. Pridmore as agronomist. Professor Pridmore gave up the chair of smolls and crops of the University of Ten nessee, at Knoxville, to take the place. An editorial manager and an assistant agronomist are to be ane nounced shortly, These men are experts on farming and the use of fertilizers. They will be In close touch with the Govern ment experiment stations and the ag ricultural colleges of the South and the State and Federal Departments of Agriculture, and will furnish specific as well as general information on soil problems. The offices of the service dapart ment are in the new headquarters of | the Southern Fertilizer Association, |in the Rhodes Building. The terri tory to ba covered includes the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessae, Mississippi, Louislana and Arkansas. Efforts at soll development by the Southern Fertilizer Assoclation were begun in a small way some Vears ago by soil improvement committees. The demand for this sort of service has grown to such an extent that it was considered necessary to create the farmers’ service organization to sup ply it. l Service Without Cost. Detached from the assoclation., the new organization would stand as a ';»nrolv vhilanthropic effort. Tt haea nothing to do with selling fertilizers. land all its cervice 1s given free, The Southern Fertilizer Association is composed of approximately 95 per lm-nl of the wholesale fertilizer daa.*- ers in the South, and for the expendi ture necessary to maintain the serv fce bureau, their benefits will be only the general and indirect return of a greater use of fertilizers by the farm ers, “Broadly, the lesson to be tanght about fertilizers is that it Is not & stimulant, but a food, to plant life,” Is:n‘»l Harry Hodson, of Athens, the president of the Southern Fertilizer Asgsoclation, in outlining the plans of the farmers' service department. When 1t is remembered that the ante-bellum custom of wearing out flelds and abandoning them was proved obsolete, and the true agricul tural development of the South waas begun only with the introduction ot commercial fertllizers, something of the scope of this new organization and of the promise of Southern farm land development can be grasped. Ernest E. Dallis is sacretary-treas urer of the Southern Fertilizer Asso ciation, and the members of the soil improvement committee are W. B Richards, Atlanta, chairman; D. B Osborne, Atlanta; Harry Hodson, Athens; L. M. Bogle, Tupelo, Miss.t W. B. Stratford, Montgomery, Ala., and W. Macß. Bmith, Norfolk. Demand for Better Li in ive Stock Growing The demand for better live stock ia growing in the Bouth, and a great many farmers are disearding scrubs for pure bred and good grade animals. The pro duction of such stock will emphasize more than ever the necessity for plenty of feed U'nless the common practice of feeding is improved the importation of new blood will be neutralized. The necessity of plenty of winter feed for any animal is apparent, whether it s scrub or pure-bred. Many live stock producers are objeot ing to the high cost of feed. They for get that the price of animals has alse increased in proportion, so that they.:n realize just as great profits from f - ing now as they ever oouldy = 7D