Newspaper Page Text
Poultry,Pigeons,Pets,
Live Stock,Dairyin
DEVOTED TO LAND AND AGRICULTURAL
Farmers Should Profit From
Breeding During Present
War Time Conditions,
A sow is a good investment. This
is true even in these strenuous times
of high prices of food concentrates,
say specialists of the United States
Department of Agriculture, The quo
tations on these feeds are controlled to
a considerable extent by the price al‘
which meat animals sell. Hence con
centrates usually command a high
figure when hogs on the hoof at large
packing centers sell at more than 16
cents per pound. 1
Record prices for swine as well as
feed concentrates have been a great
incentive to farmers to “cash in” all
the hogs available. That many sows
have been included is evident from the
fact that on Arril 1, the correspond
ents of the Bureau of Crop Estimates
reported approximately 3 per cent
fewer sows on farms in the United
States than a year before. Further,
this is the first year that the supply
has not increased since 1913.
At this time the marketing of a sow
that can he or has been bred is fairly
comparable to ;'killing the goose tr;at
laid the golden egg.” Although the fe
cundity of swine is well appreciated by
farmers, at tim»s sows are sacrificed
when a little forethought would cause
them to be retained.
Sows Multiply Fast.
Breeding sows multiply five or six
times as rapidly as other meat ani
mals. They have an average litter of
five or six pigs and may be bred twice
a year, although three times in two
vears accords more with current farm
practice. The litters increase in size,
on the average, until sows are flve‘
or six years old. However, a large
proportion of the sows are sold after
producing one or two litters and be
fore they have reached the period of
greatest usefulness. ()cr‘nslonally‘
sows are unsuitable for breeding be
cause of their clumsiness, “high” con-f
dition, inactivity or barrenness, and‘
these, of course. go to market when
of proper weight, but the total sows
of this class is a mere bagatelle,
In these days when labor is high
and also scarce on many farms the
hog may afford “a way out.” Hogs
utilize refuse and waste grains, dam
aged grains ard garbage: garnering
grain behind cattle or shattered grain
in harvest fields; and utilizing slaugh
terhouse by-products and dairy by
products. They are also largely self
feeders. The modern farm ‘“cafete-|
ria” gives a pig a chance to make a
hog of himself more quickly than he!
can by the hand-fed route and it has
the added merit of being the (‘hoapest“
way of producing pork. A sow when‘
she is not developing a litter or nurs
ing pigs, can in summer time Dbe
placed in a pasture and given very
little grain. |
Cheapest Winter Feed. :
In winter, possibly the cheapest
maintenance ration is a combination
of grain and hay, such as corn, wheat,|
rve or barley and alfalfa, clover, cow
peas or soy bean hay. The graini
ghould be limited to one or two pounds
per hundred pounds live weight per
day. Sows should be given all the
hay they will clean up. Sows which
show exceptionally run-down condition
from suckling their pigs should be
separated from the herd and fed grain
until they regain breeding condition.
Where pastures are very luxuriant it
is possible to carry breeding sows on
pasture alone, but the most palatable
hay will not keep sows in good breed
ing condition if fed alone. |
Breeding sows are at a premium
,and the demand for young stock is
unprecedented. The hog buyers state
in their reports that they are com
pelled to take anything that looks like
a hog. The fluctuation in the number
of hogs in the United States is sub-
Ject largely to the uctuations in the
financial condition of the country.
The high prices paid for hogs are a
big inducement to farmers to market
their hogs, and, as stated before, the
high prices of corn caused them to cut
loose during the latter part of the
year. The high prices paid for hogs
and an increasing export trade are
the two main factors which make the
hog business especially attractive at
the present time. i ‘
Millions of farmers would purchase
sows to farrow this coming spring if
they could, but this is almost an lm-!
possibility, Those farmers who are
fortunate enough to have retained
their breeding sows will play an im
portant role in placing spring pigs
on the market. ‘l'he spring gilts from|
these litters should not be sent tnl
market for meat purposes, but should
be retained or sold only for breeding |
purposes in order to augment the pig
Ccrop next year.
.
Florida Women
. .
Canning Rabbits
If the question: What is the best way
to keep rabhbits? were put up to some
Crystaf’Springs. Fla., women, Fhe answer
would be: “Can 'em.”” That is what is
being done with some of the frisky cot-]
tontails that recently infested the under
brush near here and made all too fre
quent raids on gardens,
One of the ladies who is a leading spir
it in the Ladies’ Canning Club, discover
ed that rabbit meat can be canned as
easily as chicken or any other meat, and
& few days ago her son, in company with
another young man, went out with thmrl
guns and along toward evening returned
Wwith eighteen rabbit carcasses strung on
a pole which they carried between them.‘
The meat of the eighteen, minus bones,
{8 now preserved in jars, ready to ap
pear, when occasion demands, as a wild
game meat dish or as chicken. Many
people are pre‘judicod against rabbit
meat, but if it is served under the name
of chicken such people frequently relish
the dish greatly and call for the second
and third help(n . With a few million
of the several mfilion rabbits inhabiting
Florida put up in glass jars or tin cans,
the meat question in many hquseholds
might be considerably ebuseiea
e R egl v
Georgia Raises Fine Alfalfa; Alabama Produces Peach Crop
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The upper left view in this group of farm scenes is of a prize-winning herd bull on a Florida live stock farm. Two baskets of peaches are about all the youngster
at the right can bring in from an Alabama orchard. One of Middle Georgia’s best alfalfa fields is shown in the lower left-hand picture. Threshing wheat in a Vir
gima field along the C. & O. Railway is pictured 1 the lower right scene.
Poultrymen Find Feeding Costs
Less and Production Greater
With This Stock.
Leghorns produce eggs cheaper than
hens of the general purpose breeds—Ply
mouth Rocks, Wyandottes, Rhode Island
Reds and Orpingtons. This fact, which
confirms the belief and experience of
commercial poultry farmers, was one of
the results obtained in a rather exten
sive feeding test recently reported by
poultrymen of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.
Because Leghorns lay as many or
more eggs, eat only about 55 pounds of
feed per head as compared with 70 to
85 pounds eaten by the general purpose
breeds, and because their egg yleld very
materially exceeds that of general pur
pose breeds during their second and
third laying years, Leghorns, the spe
clalists say, undoubtedly are more profit
able to keep for the production of eggs
only.
In this test the feed cost of a dozen
eggs for one of the Leghorn pens was
7.34 cents in 1913, while the average cost
of all the pens of the general purpose
breeds was 10.6 cents. In 1914 the feed
cost of a dozen eggs for the same pen
of Leghorng was 8.7 cents as against an
average voft of 15.1 cents for the second
laying year of the general purpose pens.
During their third laying year the cost
of a dozen eggs was 8.8 cents compared
to 18.6 cents for the general purpose
fowls. The total value of eggs per hen
over feed cost in the Leghorn pen for
three years was $6.84, against $4.20 for
the general purpose hens. The hlfihnst
egg production obtained in any of the
feeding experiments up to 1915 was by a
pen of Leghorns which laid 1567.6 eggs
per hen, at a feed cost of 6.7 cents a
dozen.
The Leghorns produce smaller eggs
than the general purpose breeds. The
average weight of the eggs of a pen of
Leghorns during the first laying year
was 1.42 g:ounds J;er dozen, as against
1.53 to 1.58 pounds for the nther pens.
However, Leghorns laying eggs weigh
ing 1.50 pounds per dozen or even more,
the specialists say, have been selected
and bred by many goultrymnn. An ex
amination in May, 1915, of 500 eggs from
three Leghorn pens showed that 31 per
cent weighed more than two ounces
apiece, or 1.50 pounds to the dozen.
The value per dozen of the eggs pro
duced by the Leghorns wag from 1 to 3
cents less each year than the eggs of
general purpose hens. This difference
{8 due to the fact that the general pur
pose breeds are better winter layers
than the Leghorns, while the latter give
a higher production in the spring and
summer, Q’ery few Leghorns become
broody, which probably materially af
fects their egg yield as compared with
the general purpose breeds., Better fer
tility in the eggs, especially with stock
confined to the yards, is more often se
cured with Leghorns than with the gen.
eral purpose or any of the heavier
breeds.
This Section Also Contains Want Ads, Firing Line, Real Estate, Finance
FARM SECTION
Cantaloupe Crop ;
Going to Market
South Carolina Farmers Find Profit
in New Industry—Melons Are |
Shipped North.
One of the busifest places in South
Carolina at this time is the cantaloupe
packing house located at Ayers, one and
a half miles from Bennettsville. Every
day several carloads of cantaloupes are
graded, packed in crates, loaded into re
frigerator cars and shipped from Ayers
to different points in the North. The
industry is a new one for this section
and makes one step on the way to di
versification of crops among the farm
ers.
By planting such crops as cantaloupes,
Irish potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers,
etc.,, money will be brought into this
section at a time when there is nothing
coming in. The crops named above can
be planted in the early spring and har
vested before the present date, thus fur
nishing money to the farmers with which
to make the longer time crops. 'Then,
too, they are disposed of in sufficient
time to allow a follow-up crop such as
peas, etc., which may be planted on
the same land and thus two profitable
crops raised where ordinarily but one
is grown.
~ One particular feature to be noticed
is that the parties who are raising the
present crop of cantaloupes have sold
everything right here .and receive their
checks covering the day's work every
day. Thus there is no necessity for
long waits, such as are necessary when
goods are consigned to the markets.
J. A. McGregor, of Scotland County,
North Carolina, made the arrangements
which enable the growers to dispose of
their produce right here and he has a
large force of experienced packers,
g‘raderfl, etc., most of whom came from
lorida, to handle the fruit in the proper
manner. Mr, McGregor has had consid.
erable experience in the fruit and vege
table line and has made a sucecss of the
work.
Several buyers from different North
ern markets are now making their head
quarters in Bennettsville and any one
wishing information regarding the grow
ing ang marketing of different lines of
produce will do well to talk with them.
E. W. Evans and T. E. McCall have
planted larger areas in cantaloupes this
season than any other planters in Marl
boro County and the gathering of the
melons by a large force of hands has
attracted a great many visitors and
sightseers. In a 70-acre field on Mr.
Evans’ place a large force of hands are
icking the melong, putting them in bas-
Ke\s and loading these onto wagons and
the wagons are hauling them out of the
field to the main road, where they are
being put into automobile trucks and
pushed to the packing house. All of the
work is being done with a rush and
push, for the melons are rapidly ripening
and must be gathered in the next few
days.
HOME GARDEN WASTE,
Surplus fruits, beans, mfimto»s and
other vegetables produced home gar
dens are allowed to spoil on the vines or
rot on the ground. A morning's work
would can and preserve such surplusage
for use when fruits and vegetables are
scarce and high in price.
Sunday s SAmerican,
ATLANTA, GA. SUNDAY, JULY 22 1917
Should Not Be Dug Until They
Have Been in the Ground
Sufficient Time.
Don’t dig sweet potatoes for storage
until they are fully matured. Let them
mature in the ground and you will have
larger potatoes, and therefore more food
per acre. The mature potato will keep
better.
Plan now for the safe storage of
sweet potatoes in some modern storage
house, where they can be kept for win
ter and spring market, without loss
from rotting. Sweet potato storage
houses have been erected in many sec
tions of the South. Wherever the crop
has been greatly increased, the atten
tion of farmers and business men
should be devoted to this important
problem. Prcvision should be made for
gradual marketintg of the crop.
Let every omne plant a “Fall Food
Acre’”” in July or August. A well
planned and well-tilled fall food acre
will provide the family with ample food
and save drawing on the general food
supply of the (-ount‘rx during the
months between now and January. Put
in string beans, peas, beets, carrots,
onions, kals, cabbage, spinach and col
lards in rows. If seed can be bought
at reasonable prices, plant Irish pota
toes for fall and winter use. About
half of the acre can be planted in this
way, and the other half in turnips and
rape, either in rows or sown broadcast,
gmpq obtained from this acre should
prevent the neeessity of drawing on
spring-grown crops for the food of the
family during the fall,
Late Cultivation.
Do not neglect the late cultivation of
corn, cotton, grain sorghums, peanuts,
soy beans, and all other cultivated
crops. If the ground is kept clean of
weeds and grass with a 700(‘ earth
mulch on the surface, it will improve
the chances of a larger yield.
Save the hay and forage crops. See
that the hay is properly cured and
stacked or put away in the barn. If the
hay is to be sold, get it baled and prop
erly stored for safe keeping. Let no
forage crop go to waste. We must save
grain in the feeding of live stock, and
every pound of formge will count,
In Texas and Oklahoma plow the win
ter wheat iand In July. Early and
thorough preparation of the seed bed
eatly Increases the chances of a
fnrrger yield. In M&ke southeastern
Stutes also early and thorough prepara
tion of wheat land s important,
Secure or save your seed for the fall
planting of wheat, rye and oats, Rye is
a erop of great importance. It stands
the winters well,
See your fertilizer dealers, or call a
meeting of your farmers' co-operative
society through which you usually buy
commercial fertilizers, and make up the
order for fertilizer for your winter grains
and clovers as soon as possible. The
railways are doing everything within
their power to economize in transpor
tation. The railroad companies are
compelled to carry the great traffic of
the army and navy, besides the ordinary
Now Is Time to Can
Beets, Bay Experts
Garden Owners in Northern Sections
of South Urged to Preserve
Vegetables.
For garden owners in the northern
most sections of the South who have
more beets of the early crop than they
can use in the fresh form and an
abundance of glass jars or tin cans now
is a good time to can baby beets, says
the United States Department of Agri
culture.
From the standpoint of quality, only
young, tender beets ghould be canned.
Sory, putting uniform size together. In
preparing beets for boiling, be careful
not to cut the stems off too closely or
to break the root. This will cause loss
of&ulce with accompanying loss of color
and flavor. Boil until three-fourths done,
Kcel. pack hot in layersg of three or four,
tting the second layer into the spaces
left in the first layer, and repeat. Cover
with clear hot water. Process quart
jars one hour at 212 degrees F., or 30
minutes under five pounds of steam. Do
not allow cold water to touch the beets
after they have been cooked.
If the early crop of beets is abundant,
but )]urs or cans are not available, the
surplus young bheets may be dried for
winter use.
Select young, flulnkly grown, tender
beets, Wash, peel raw, slice about one
eighth inch thick and dry in the sun,
over a stove, or before an electric fan.
The dried product may be packed In
paper cartons, in paraffined paper bags,
‘mklng powder or coffee cans, or other
containers which will exclude moisture
and insects,
Beets dry more quh'kli' and uniformly
lr cooked three-fourths done before dry
ng.
interstate trade of this country. In or
dinary times fertilizers are shipped in
minimum carloaqd lots. Orders have been
given that freight cars hereafter must
be loaded to the maximum. Heretofore
the cars have carried only 47 per cent
of thelr total capacity. We must make
them carry 100 per cent to Insure get
ting all of our fertilizers. You will
therefore be helping the country if your
needs can be known early, so that all
orders may be bulked and shipped in
maximum carload lots,
Live Stock and Pasturage.
Keep all live stock on pasture and
save grain. Plant grazing crops for
hogs, beef cattle and milch cows. If
you make your plans ahead, Freparc
your land &nd get the crops in, you
will be able to save a great deal of
the valuable grain crops which are need
ed for human food.
Save the preeding stock, Do not sell
cows, brood gows, or good )u{ing hens,
Turn the unproductive stock Into meat,
but save these others. In war time, as
well as other times, the country needs
meat, and especially needs milk and
cggs. These are among the most impor
tant items .f human food. If the breed
ing stock s sold or slaughtered, the
power of the entire country to produce
will be greatly lowered.
Fill the «ilo as soon as the crops are
ready. Save as much as you can by us
-15;: this valuable adjunct for feeding
the farm live stock.
Keep in cloge touch with your county
agent and county home demonstration
agent and your county agricultural
council of safety or defense. These men
and women are anxious to serve you
and serve the best interests of the coun
try in the producing and saving of feed.
INTERESTS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN STATES
' '
One-Fifth of Yield Is Often Lost
by Improper Cutting or Har
vesting Too Soon.
One-fifth to three-fourths of the
total seed yield of sweet clover is lost
from shattering. Cutting at the wrong
time and improper handling of the
crop at the time of harvest are large
ly responsible for this loss. How to
determine the right time to cut the
seed crop and how to harvest it with
the least possible loss of seed by
slight adjustments of harvesting ma
chinery are discussed in a recent pub
lication of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, Farmers’ Bulle
tin 836, “Sweet Clover: Harvesting
and Thrashing the Seed Crop.”
White sweet clover and biennial
vellow sweet clover may be harvested
for seed the year following seeding.
It is becoming a general practice in
many sections of the country, says the
writer of the bulletin, to utilize the
first crop of the second season for
pasture, ensilage or hay, and the sec
ond crop for seed. The shorter growth
of the second crop I 8 a very desir
able feature, as it may be cut with
an ordinary grain binder without dif
ficulty. It is possible to equip the
grain binder with pans and exten
slong to the rear elevator plate and
binder deck so that at least 95 per
cent of the seed which shatters when
the crop is cut may be caught as it
falls and saved. The bulletin explains
in detail, with drawings, how to make
At small cost this seed-saving attach
ment. Other machines which may be
used to harvest sweet clover are the
self-rake reaper, the grain header and
the corn harvester,
The time of cutting the seed crop
should be governed largely by the
machinery which is to be used, If the
plants are to be harvested by a self
rake reaper or a grain binder they
should be cut when approximately
three-fourths of the seed pods have
turned dark brown to black. At this
time some flowers and many imma
ture podg will be found on the plants,
but the field will have a brownish
cast, Where a graln header is em
ployed the plants may become some
what more mature before cutting.
More seed is shattered when the
plants are cut at this stage than when
cut earlier, but this ig not necessarily
a loss, as the grain header 18 used for
the most part in semiarid sections
where shattered seed is depended
upon to reseed the land.
Much seed may be lost {f harvest
tmg is delayed for only a few days.
Many flelds have been observed, ac
cording to the department specialist.
in which 90 per cent of the seed had
Seeds, Plants, Trees,
(Gardening, Farm Lands
Cows That Have Been Treated
Increase, Instead of Lower,
Daily Yield.
“Dipping cows to kill fever ticks
actually increases milk ylelds,” says
the U. 8. Department of Agricul
ture. "“This is proved In actual eX
periment and in the results obtained
in thousands of dairy herds, the own
ers of which are thorough believers in
tick eradication by the dipping-vat
‘method.
| “Careful records prove that lightly
infested cows produce 18.6 per cent
less milk than free cows, while cows
heavily infested produce on an aver
age 424 per cent less milk than sim
flar cows freed from ticks. This was
established by records of yields kept
over considerable periods for ticky
herds before they were dipped and
for the same herds after they were
dipped.
“A herd of twenty lightly ticked
cows produced 25 quarts less milk
per day, or a loss of 5800 quarts in
200 days’ milking, than twenty tick
free cows of the same kind. Twenty
heavily ticked crows produced 67
quarts per day less, or a loss of 13,400
quarts in 200 days' milking, than
twenty tick-free cows of a similar
breed., The monetary gain from dip
ping of the lightly infested herd would
have beer S2BO a year; from the
heavily ticked herd a Jipping would
have given increased profits of $660 a
year,
“Here is an actual record from a
dairy herd: A dairyman in heavily
infested territory dipped his cattle,
One week after dipping his herd of
42 cows gave 10 gallons of milk a day
more—an increase of 16.6 per cent
from the start. The milk sold for 35
cents & gallon, and he got $3.50 more
per day from his herd from one dip
ping. He had begun to feed the cows
instead of the ticks.
“Those who assert that dipping di
minishes milk flow judge entirely
from the milk production for two or
three days immediately following the
trip to the vat. It is natural that for
two or three days after a milch ani
mal has been driven a few miles and
gone through the excitement of dip
ping, her milk flow will temporarily
fall off slightly. The actual figures
show that for two or three days there
may be a reduction of an average of
10.6 per cent, or about 0.8 of a quart
for an eight-quart cow. In three to
five days the temporary falling off
disappears and if the dairyman would
keep records over any long period he
would find that getting rid of ticks
was increasing his actual milk pro
duction from 18 to 42 per cent.
“That dipping cows to get rid of
cattle ticks must increase milk flow
can readily be reasoned out by any
'one who will approach the subject
with an open mind and not let his
prejudices fight his pocketbook. Cows
lcan make milk only from blood. It
follows that the more blood ticks suck
out from them the less material the
‘cows will have to turn into milk.
When it is realized that the ticks on
a heavily infested animal consume as
much as 200 pounds of blood a year, it
‘can be seen that a heavily infested
cow will lose by the tick route a large
and important amount of milk-mak
ing material.
“When it is realized that the cow
can make blood to supply her milk
glands only from the feed she con
‘numes. it can be seen that the tick by
sucking blood is wasting a lot of good
‘f@ed that ought to be going to in
crease milk production,
“It is as unreasonable to estimate
the effect of dipping on a cow's yield
from the milk she gives for two days
after she has been dipped as it would
‘be for a purchaser of a cow to expect
that cow to give her full milk record
‘the first day after she had been driven
to a new farm and placed in strange
’quarteru.
‘ “No sensible dairyman would send
back a cow because she did not live
up to the guaranteed record for a day
or two after she had been shipped to
his farm. All the department asks of
‘anyone is to use fair records. Expe
rience with millions of cattle dipped
proves conelusively that dipping in
creases materially and in no way di
'minishes the year's milk yield, or In-
Jures the cattle”
’mxmder of West End Unit No. 1, the
Expert Prepares to
’ Wage Weevil Fight
age Weevil Figh
. M. Anderson, entomologist In
charge of the boll weevil work in Bouth
Carolina, of the United States Depart
ment of Agrieulture, who is also in
charge of the coast ingect laboratory at
Charleston, has been in Aiken for the
last few days. With Henry 8. Johnson,
ecounty demonstration agent, Mr, Ander
gon {8 going over the county, up and
down the Savannah River, looking for
signs of the boll weevil, which will soon
cross into South Carolina from Georgia.
Mr. Anderson will make Aiken his
headquarters after August 1, he an
nounced today, and will work out from
this point. He {8 a graduate of Clem
son and was for two years with the
Bureau of Entomology engaged in holl
weevil work In Loulslana and Arkansas,
——— e e s
shattered in less than two weeks after
the time the plats should have been
cut, Cutting the plants when they
are damp from rain or dew also will
reduce loss by shattering.
| When it is possible to thrash in a
‘weflk or ten days after cutting the
ctop should be thrashed directly from
the field, as little seed ordinarily will
be lost during this time and the work
of stacking will be avoided. The seed
may be thrashed either by flailing or
by the use of a graln separator or a
clover huller. The yield of sweet
clover seed varies from two to ten
bushels of recleaned seed to the acre.
Sweet clover straw may be utilized
for goil improvement or as a roughage
for stock.
4
| ——
et ' .
Scientific Management of Animals
Will Insure Big Profits to Farm
ers of All Sections,
Creation of the live stock sanitary
board by the last Mississippi Legisla
ture which also authorized county come
missioners to make appropriations in
their budgets for constructing cattle
dipping vats and other expenses cone
nected with tick eradication, has stimu.
lated interest in the work, as is evi
denced by appropriations being made
by the county commissioners in a nume
ber of counties.
Dr. E. M. Nighbert, inspector fin
charge of tick eradication work in Flor
ida for the United States Bureau of
Animal Industry, stated that he has
received a number of requests for in
spectors to supervise vat construction
and dipping of cattle from counties
‘where appropriations have recently
been voted.
l Countles Are Busy,
“In the list are Palm Beach' County,
where work has been started; St. LuJO
County, where funds were voted a week
ago; Brevard County, where the county
commissioners authorized expendltur.
of money for one vat, near Cocoa, for
a demonstration, and now have made
provision for buhdlng all the vats nec
essary to dip all the cattle in the coun
ty, and Manatee County, where the
county commissioners listened to a
glatn statement of facts about cost and
enefits of eradication ticks and then
voted all the money agked for the work,
stating that It was a good business
proposition for the county to get rid
of the ticks.
“With the countles of Lee, Polk, Lake
and Orange pushing vat construction
with funds already available, and Mon
roe County about cleaned up, there ‘s
little territory in southern part of the
SBtate which Is not tick free or taking
up the work,
“Indications are very favorable for
several counties In western Florida to
begin work this season, and no doubt
those countles which have made a start
will keep up the work with additional
appropriations.
“There is an association of progreas
sive cattle owners in that part ofrthq
State who want to develop the cattla
industry as soon as the ticks are clean~l
out so Yure breed animals can be
brought into those counties.
Mississippi's Big Drive.
‘“As Mississippi is making a great
charge against all the ticks within that
State for ths purpose of getting the en
tire State released from tick fever quar
antine by December 1 of this year,
the United States Government officials
have ftvon them a large number of
trained workers in that branch of the
service. However, the department {s
willing to co-operate with the couniy
and State officials in Florida as fast as
they signify a willingness to get down
to real work, and 1 have been advised
that three trained men will be added to
my staff at once to take up supervisory
work in counties whi have recently
made appropriations r eradicating
ticks. The progress of the work in the
future is going to depend very largely
on the financial support the county of
ficials provide in their respective coun
ties, as State and Federal Government
supervising inspectors will be provided
when any county has money available
for constructing dipping vats,” he con
cluded.
!Government Designs
Potato St i use
There is no mystery about buflding a
satisfactory storage house for sweet po
tatoes. Southern farmers who are pay-
Ing large prices for patented plans and
equipment alleged to provide the only
successful way of storing sweet pota
toes, are being defrauded. Specialists of
‘the United States Department of Afl
culture whose attention recently 8
'been called to instances in which farm
ers have pald as high as $750 for sets of
plans, do not hesitate to brand such ac
tivities as plain humbuggery. Plans of
houses that incorporate the simple prin
ciples of storage and common sense
methods of construction, and which have
proved successful by years of careful
trial, are furnished free by the Depart
ment of Agriculture to any farmer who
will ask for them.
Storage houses built according to plans
suggested by the Department of A{rl
culture have been in use in every State
of the South for five or six years. The
Department has no knowledge of failure
in any house built and operated strictly
according to recommendations. - Four
vears of investigation with one hundred
houses under observation showed that
the average loss by decay, after an av
erage storage period of 124 days, was
less than 2% per cent. In determining
this loss representatives of the Depart
ment personally graded the potatoes in
each house—a total of 228,000 bushels.
Every potato that had a decayed spot
was thrown out and classed as decayed.
In each case the potatoes were harvest
ed, stored and cared for by farmers. In
the department’s own storage house at
Arlington, Va., sweet potatoes stored in
October last yvear and removed the lat
ter part of June showed a loss of less
than 1 per cent.
Charbon May Not
‘ Cause Swelling
‘ The first charbon case of the season
in a given community ig usually one of
internal charbon cauged by food or wa
ter that is infected with germs of the
disease. Unless the animal is under
very close obgervation no preliminary
.sympmmu are likely to be noticed. The
animal is seized very suddenly with
great depression, the temperature rises
rapidly, the mucous membrane of the
eves, noge and month are of a dark red
color, and the solid and liquid execre
ments may have a blood-stained ape
pearance. As this form of charbon is
found most commonly in cattle, mis
takes are often made in ldentlfy!ng the
digease: the hides are removed and the
carcasses are not destroyed as they
should be,
UUnder no conditions should the hide
of an animal be removed during an out
break of charbon without first making
a milerogconie blood test for the charbon
germs, Skinning a charbonous carcass
not only spreads infection but endan
gers the life of the person removing
the hide.
Many people hold the opinion that
every case of charbon: must show an
external swelling. This, however, is
not the case. All sudden deaths of an
imals, whether there is swemng or not,
during the summer months should be
considered suspicious of charbon unless
it is known definitely that some other
agency was the cause.