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Look at This! Here are a FEW—Just a Few—of the Ruined French Towns. Help Rebuild One! ]
T!’HIS pictorial map does not by any means cover every city, town and village of France laid waste by the war. It gives the mose noted comm unities -changed from smiling pros
perous dwelling places to echarred and ghastly debris. France is proud. Despite the enormous burden she bears she will not ask the world for help. BUT she will gladly re
ceive help to restore the homes of her stricken children. ILet Atlanta and (teorgia rebuild one of these destroyed towns. It will stand forever a monument to our greatness of heart.
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Task of United States Is'to Make the Economic
Strain on the Central Powers Pass the Limit of
Endurance, Hilaire Belloc Says.
By HILAIRE BELLOC, g
Foremost Military Writer in England. -
The big role now being played by
Y the United States in the great war
' makes it necessary for all those in
terested in victory to consider the
true situation to be faced by Ameri
cans in the conflict,
A great deal of harm was done in
the past, when successive combatants
entered the fleld upon either side, by
misapprehensions, both unconscious
and deliberate, of the situation each
had to face.
These errors weakened those that
made them by provo_kjng disappoint
ments, and at the same time by caus
ing grave miscalculations in the dis
tribution of strength and in the time
table to which plans were drawn.
, The main examples of these errors
are already familiar. 1t will be
worth our while to repeat them, how
ever, for they are most iluminating
for Americans.
Teutons’ Grave Error. =
At the very outset came the capi
tal error of the Central Empires as
to the situation of Grreatl Britain.
They believed Great Britain would
not enter the war at all. ‘When ‘#lle'
did they belleved she would be in«
capable of any great military effort.
Immediately after came a corre
sponding error (though luckily one
of a smaller type), committed by the
Pntente with regard to the Turkish
Empire.. . The so-called “Young
Turks” (who are not Turks at all,
ut a cosmopolitan secret organiza
tion mainly connected with the inter
national financiers of the Central
Powers), were bound, short of an
immediate occupaflon of Constanti
nople by the Entente—had that been
possible—to join the Central Pow
ers. They promptly did so, and by
doing so cut off the Russian Empire
from its main source of western sup
ply.
Next came the error of the West
ern Powers as to the material situ
ation of the Russian Empire and its
power to munition itself properly.
This power they exaggerated, with
the result that the great advance of
the Central Empires through Poland
in 1915 came as a most unwelcome
surprise.
The entry of Italy was the cause of
less misapprehension upon the part
of the Western Powers, who had
rightly gaaged both the excellence
of the Italian service and the great
strength of the Alpine region as a
defensgive area or obstacle in aid of
the Austrian. As the recent Italian
breakdown showed, they tended to
msmm features.
> 3 { 'rey‘l spised Italy.
-The moral and military situation of
Itafi' in entering ‘the war, though
well understand in FEngland and
France, was net understood at ail
at Berlin. Theé Italian service was
deapg'sed by the Germans. At the
sameé time the political forees upon
'which Germany relied for keeping
Italy out were™thought to be much
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more powerful than was really the
case.
Next came the absurd error of the
Germans in believing their Turklsh
allies under German direction could
effect an invasien of Egypt. This
error was unfortunately shared in
some quarters of the Entente itself.
How foolish it was the latest events
have proved. )
' The next error 9é to a national sit
‘uation was a very grievous one. It
'was the error of the Emtente Pow
ers with regard to the situation of
Bu}s_a.ria. The King of Bulgaria had
been pledged to the Central Powers
long before he actually took the field.
When he did so his attack coming in
flank was fatal to Serbia and to all
the Balkans. Nothing but thé rapid
military action, which was taken
upon French initiative juts in time,
saved Saloniki, and with Saloniki the
only gate to the Aegean.and the Le
vantine seas.
The situation of the United States
in the war must be considered In
two parts: Its general character and
the particular military problem in
volved. ’
Entered in Last Phase.
Inlts general character there en
ters the fact that America entered
the war in its last phase. But after
the collapse of Rusisa there enters
also the contrast between her politi
cal attitude-toward the war and that
of France and England; and there
enters the contrast between the slight
strain on the United States up to the
moment of gnterlng the war and the
heavy strains already created In
France, England and Italy after,
many months of conflict. |
The particular military problem is|
two-fold. It Includes the expansion
of the American army with all this
connotes, including the learning of
new tactical methods. It lncludesi
the nature as supply, with all that
this in dts turn connotes in tfxe‘
amount and novelty of the material
required and in the length and diffi
culty of communication—to whichl
may be addde the contrast in what is
called ‘“finance.” ! I
Let us look at these various points|
in their order: l
1t ig properly said on all sides that
the United States entered the war in
its last phase. First, the loss of of
fensive power upon the parg of the‘
ATLANTA, GA, SUNDAY, JANUARY 27, 1918
party which is undergoing defeat-—
that is, its reduction to a sterile de
fensive; secondly, heavy depletion or‘
human energy and material upon
both sides, though more as a rule
upon the defeated than upon the vic
torious side.
The defeated party invariably gam
bles in the last phase upon the moral
and material exhaustion of his victors
He knows that behind a successful
army there is often a discontented
population and a danger of poliltical
collapse. He trusts in that and pro
longs his resistance because it is his
only hope. He knows that a defeat
ed nation will contimue to struggle
more desperately than a victorious
one during the last phase of itg de
fense, and he rightly counts this as
an asset In his fayor. That is the
situation which one calls “the last
phase” of any great duel to the death
hetween armed powers.
| “Draw” for Deefated.
~ Its characters have always been
apparent in the past and always will
be apparent whenever great organ
‘ized human communities struggle one
against he other for really serious
issues. If, in such a last phase, the
party which is gaining the upper
hand slackens, modifies its original
objects and negotiates a peace, the
conclusion may be called a “draw”
or may even geem & success for those
who receive a part of that for which
they were fighting.
The Unlited States, then, is enter
ing the war at a moment when this
last phase has been reached, and the
first outward sign of its action here
is in the matter of the blockade.
The Central Empires suffer from
exhaustion through blockade / very
muchs more severely than do their
opponents. But as they are gssen
tially upon the defensive—in spite of
their new, sporadic attempts to at
tack on a Eroat scale, after having
challenged Europe—they are morally
prerared for standing worse straits
still.
To make this economic strain on
the Central Powers pass the limit of
what was bearable was an almost
impossible task for the Entente Pow
ers on account of tke position of neu
trals and especially of the United
States.
By the entry of the United Statesg
into the war the whole of that situa
tion was changed. The only chan
nels through which the Central Em
pires could thereafter get external
supplies were the four small Scan
dinavian Stateg and Holland. A com
plete rationing of these go that they
shall not act as mere corridors of
supply for Germany and Austria re
quired nothing but the adhesion of
the . United States. Since she has
been in the war one may say that
the last phase of itg economic side is
fully entered.
Movies Would Save
Russia tor Allies,
@ ®
Hall Caine Declares
| el IR s :
Films Would Have Guided Masses Through
Revolution Despite Kerensky’s Falsehoods.
By HALL OAINE,
British Author and Dramatist.
' LONDON, Jan. 26.—1 t {8 a startling!
lfact that within the short space of
‘ten or fifteen years the cinema indus
try has become one of the fourth ar
fifth largest industries in the world.
‘A distinguished member of the Min
istry, whose duty it has lately been
to travel far and wide on the business
of thQ war, told me the other day that
wherever he went, at home or abroad,
in large cities or small villages, h
found the cinema theater there, with
its doors always open.
I venture to suggest it would be
good to keep them open—not to run
the risk of closing them by unfair
taxation. That is a warning to our
lawmakers which may particularly
apply to the present time. To ask the
cinema theaters to show as many peo
ple asjpossible what the nation {g do
ing for the war, and at the same time
to impose such legislation as may
have the effect of making such people
as few as possible, is both foolish and
unfair.
So far as 1 have influence in the
puting out of any film for which I
am responsible, I shall request—l can
not say more—that no entertainment
taxation shall ‘be allowed to imperil
its changes of success.
Man does not live by bread alone.
He 1s a self-respecting creature;
and the least of us wants to feel that
his worl: is, one way or another, of
gsome consequence not only to himself,
but also to the community.
If the cinema industry ever had any
unncessary humility on thils head, it
must have been dispelled during the
past three yvears. Almost ever since
the beginning of the war nearly all the
warring nations have employed the
cinema industry as a means of war
propaganda. It was a wisé policy on
the parts of the Governments so to
use the cinema industry, and it was
a wise pollcy also on the part of the
cinema industry to allow itself to be
80 used.
To show Great Britain what France
is doing for the war and to show
Prance what Great Britaln and her
dependencles are doing is desirable
and necessary for harmony and unity
of effort between #llied nations wag
ing war over a vast area of the world.
It is a pity we had not had more of
such pictorial exhibitions.
Russia, for example, might have
been saved to us If it had heen possi
ble to show her by means of moving
pictures that she was not bearing the
whole burden of the war, as Kerensky
80 erroneously and so criminally told
her.
?ut the cinema industry will, I
trust, soon go up one step further and
show the world not only how the Al
lies are fighting, but what they are
fighting for.
.
Gladstone Family -
To Sell Hawarden
LONDON, Jan. 26.—The gons of Wil
llam E. Gladstone announce that a large
part of the famous Hawarden estate
is to be sold at once because high taxes
have rendered it impossible to keep it
intact and in the family as th_e elder
Gladstene desired. The estate is bur
dened with a large debt and the tenants
will have the opportuh“y, if they de
sire, to buy the lands they are occu
pying.
The plight of the Gladstone property
is like that of many other anclent es
tates throughout the country which, de
spite the present lafge profits from well
farmed lands, are losing money because
of the wastes of the tenant system,
Only One Topie of Interest in Berlin, Returned
Journalist Declares—Tells How Troops From
Russian Front Paraded Through Capital.
By THEODORE VAN DER KLUTE )
An Amsterdam Journa list Returned From Berlin,
There 18 now only one tople of inter
est in Berlin and other large German
‘cities, and it {8 the forthcoming German
offensive in the west. Belles in the pos
sibility of ending the war by a crushng
blow against the Fremch and British
lines is widespread and growing,
The visions of forcing a peace In this
manner are founded upon the chaos in
Russia and the withdrawal of all the
best troops fro mthe eastern front.
For some time this process has been
conducted In a plecemeal fashion, the
fittest men from each division on the
eastern front being withdrawn and
formed into new dlvisons; now the pro
ces of removal of whole dlvisons has
begun,
The transferrence has been accom
plished with a good deal of ostentation,
and scenes of some enthusiasm have
marked the pagsage tfl(-ouzh Berlin of
the trops coming from east to west. |
i Transferred Men Uneasy. ‘
Not only have these men been divert
ed from their shortest route in order to
display them in Berlin, but the times of
their arrival and departure have been
madas public.
The object of this unusual publicity
is two-fold. The first end accomplished
is the restoration of confidence among
the Berllners, who are contemplating a
war winter with no great amount of se
renity.
The second purpose is to hearten the
troops going west by displays of enthusi
asm and confidence.
The western front has no alluring rep
uwthn among any German soldlers,
liénnc of all among those accustomed to
the Inuch easier conditions on the east
‘érn front; and many 30 transferred have
'madé no secret of their uneasiness at
the change.
For the same reason great piblicity is
given to the half-undertaking made by
Count Czernin, the Austrian Premier,
that Austrian troops should also be sent
to the western front. They promise,
however, is not taken very seriously in
Berlin,
No Time to Arouse Austria.
Apart from the fact that Austria has
no war aims In the west, there is a
large body of public opinlon, especially
fn Hungary, which cleaves to the idea
that Austria is a mere German catspaw.
Any open act Mkelg’ to Illustrate the
corectness .of this idea would be pe
cullarly unpalatable to the Pan-Ger
:x;filn'a hand can safely be shown.in Aus-
More ominous for the cause of the Al
lied Powers tkhanlth»:af:rospect of Aus
trian troops fighting along the western
line is the very real augmentation of
German aerial forces.
It may be safely predicted that any
offensive in the west will at once reveal
a remarkable increase in the aerial
strength of the German army.
It is popularly belleved in Berlin that
500 men have geen taken into training
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as pllots In every week since last May,
and that as many trained and efficlet
pilots are at present emerging from the
training camps each week.
Alrplanes on Blg Scale.
Alrplane construotion has been ang
mented on even a more sensational
scale, and the usual mysterious hints
of overwhelming surprises In store for
Great Britain are heard on every side.
These rumors may rest, for the great.
er part, upon the blind faith every Ger
man cherishes in the {nventive capactity
of his own race. “There is reason to be
lleve, however, that several new types
of machines have been evolved and de
liberately reservd for the comtemplated
demonstration of German foree.
One large machine, which has been
seen very often in the neighborhood of
Johannisthal, is reputed to be speclally
designed for ighting with machine guns
agalnst infantry, after the fashion first
demonstrated to the Germans by British
alrmen in the battle of Arras.
For another machine, small and very
swift, climbing qualities never before
developed are claimed.
A rising In Belgium, in the neighbor~
hood of Alost, s reported to have been
repressed by General Falkenhausen with
“‘exemplary” severity.
The number of persons killed in this
affair, and those exeouted afterward for
taking part In it, is being carefully con
cealed, because the total is a staggering
one.
180,000 Belglans Disciplined.
It is recorded in the *“Pester Lloyd®”
that the punishment infllcted on Bel
glans by the German military authorl~
ties rose to 180,000 last year, as against
100,000 in the preceding year.
In the same period the number of
Belglans seeking to escape and meeting
their death on the frontler, either from
the electrified wire or the rifles of the
sentries, rose to an average of 35 a
week, against ten in the preceding
twelve months.
While Hindenburg {s rushing forwand
hlis prepa!;a,ti%ens for t: x'ma.tt attack I:l
the west, Krzberger, 8 grea/
:rigduer, is stmilarly active in m
and.
Once again the German press is
publicity to extraordlnar{ sh.
made by this man and denying oy
have any official German uncg
The most original of these b
suggestions is one for iuanfl %
an economlc war by ex lnfulm":! -
tary rivalry between British Ger
man shipping interests.
Crimes by Women Increase.
To this end he would make one
condition that 40 per cent of the
in British shipping companies be
acquired by similar concerns in
many; and vice versa.
Berlin moralists are deeply conoerned
at the rapid increase of crimes of vio
lence among women. This development
is particularly noticeable among women
who have adorted since the war occupa
tions formerly Quidered eesentially .
masculine.