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Look at This! Here are a FEV/—Just a Few—of the Ruined French Towns. Help Rebuild One!
T HIS PiCtOlf‘ial map does not by any means cover every city, town and village of France laid waste by the war. It givesthe mose noted comm unities changed from smiling pros
-~ perous dwelling places to charred and ghastly debris. France is proud. Despite the enormous burden she bears she will not ask the world for help. BUT she will gladly re
ceive help to restore the homes of her stricken children. Let Atlanta and Georgia rebuild one of these destroyed towns. It will stand forevera monument to our greatness of heart.
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Task of United States Is to Make the Economic
JSBtrain on the Central Powers Pass the Limit of
«findurance, Hilaire Belloe Says.
‘By HILAIRE BELLOC,
‘N Foremost Military Writer in England.
The big role now being played by
the United States in the great war
makes it necessary for all those in
terested in victory to consider the
true situgtion to be faced by Ameri
cans in the conflict.
A great deal of harm was done in
' the past, when successive combatants
cntered the field upon either sidg, by
misapprehensions, both unconscious
and deliberate, of the situation each
had to face.
These errors weakened those that
made them by provoking disappoint
ments, and at the same time by caus
ing grave miscaleulations in the dis
tribution of strength and in the time
table to which plans were drawn.
The main examples of these errors
‘are .already familiar. It will be
worth our while to repeat them, how
aver, for they .are most illuminating
for Americans.
Teutons’ Grave Error.
At the very outset came the capi
tal error of the Central Empires as
to the situation of Great Britain.
They believed Great' Britain would
not enter the war at all. When she
did they believed she would be in
‘capable of any great military effort
- Immediately after came a corre
sponding error (though luckily one
of a smaller type), committed by the
. Entente with regard to the Turkish
Empire. The so-called “Young
l,Tu&s" (who are not Turks at all,
t a cosmopolitan secret organiza
tion mainly connected with the inter
national financiers of the Central
Powers), were bound, short of an
immediate occupation of Constanti
nople by the Entente—had that been
possible—to join the Central Pow
ers. They promptly did so, and by
doing so cut off the Russian Empire
from its main source of western sup
pa
Next came the error of the West
ern Powers as to the material situ
ation of the Russian Empire and its
power to munition itself properly.
This power they exaggerated, with
the result that the great advance of
the Central Empires through Poland
in 1915 came’as a most unwelcome
surprise.
THe entry of Italy was the cause of
less misapprehension upon the part
of the Western Powers, who had
rightly gauged both the excellence
of the Italian service and the great
strength of the Alpine region as a
dofensive area or obstacle in\ aid o,
the Austrian. As the recent Italian
breakdown showed, théy tended to
overestimate these features. ;
Germany Despised Italy.
The moral and military situation of
Italy in entering the war, though
‘well understand in Fngland and
France, was . not understood at all
at Berlin. The Italian service was
despised by the Germans. At the
same time the political forces upon
which Germany relied for keeping
Italy out were thought to be much
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imore powerful than was really the
case.
Next came the absurd error of the
Germans in believing their Turkish
allles under German direction could
leffect an invasion of Egypt. This
| error was unfortunately shared in
lsome quarters of the Entente itself.
IH‘QW foolish it was the latest events
| have proved. .
The next error as to a national sit
,uatlon was a very grievous one. Tt
was the efror of the Entente Pow
ers with regard to the situation ot
Bulgaria. The King of Bulgaria had
been pledged to the Central Powers
long before he actually took the ficld
When he did so his attack coming in
flank was fatal to Serbia and to all
the Balkans. Nothing but the rapid
military action, which was taken
upon French initiative juts in time,
saved Saloniki, and with Saloniki the
only gate to the Aegean and the Le
vantine seas.
The situation of the United States
in the war must be considered in
two parts: Its general character and
‘the particular military problem in
volved.
Entered in Last Phase.
In its general character there en
ters ‘the fact that America entered
the war in its last phase. But after
the collapse of Rusisa there enters
also the contrast between her politi
cal attitude toward the war and that
of France and England; and there
enters the contrast between the slight
strain on the United States up to the
moment of entering the.wa‘r and the
heavy strains already created im
France, England and Italy after
many months of conflict.
The particular military problem is
two-fold. It includes the expansion
of the American army with all this
connotes, including the learning of
new tactical methods. It includes
the nature of supply, with all that
this in its turn connotes in tHe
amount and nevelty of the material
required ‘and in the length and diffi
culty of communication—to which
may be addde the contrast in what is
called “finance.”
Let us look at these various points
in their order:
It is properly said on all sides that
the United States entered the war in
its last phase. First, the loss of of
fensive power upon the part of thol
ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, JANUARY 27, 1918
party which 1s undergoing defeat— |
that is, its reduction to a steri{e de-‘
fensive; secondly, heavy depletion ot‘
human energy and material upon
both sides, though more as a rule
upon the defeated than upon the vic
toriguse side. ;
The defeated party invariably gam
bles in the last phase upon the moral
and material exhaustion of his victor.
He knows that behind a successful
army there is often a discontented
population and a danger of polltical
collapse. He #trusts in that and pro
longse his resistance because it is his
only hope. He knows that a defeat
ed nation will continue to struggle
more desperately than a victorious
one during the last phase of its de
fense, and he‘rightly counts this as
an asset ir his favor. That is the
situation whieh one calls “the last
phase” of any great duel to the death
‘botvvoen armed powers.
| “Draw” for Deefated.
1 Its characters have always been
apparent in the past and always will
be apparent whenever great organs
ized human communities struggle oge
‘agalnst he other for really serious
issues. If, in such a last phase, the
party which Is gaining the upper
hand slackens, modifies {ts original’
objects and negotiates a peace, the
conclusion may be called a “draw”
or may even seem & success for those
who receive a part of that l‘or/whlch
they were fighting.
The United States, then, is enter
ing the war at a moment when this
last phase has been reached, and the
first outward sign of its action here
is In the matter of the blockade.
The Central Empires suffer from
exhaustion through blockade very
much more severely than do their
opponents. But as they are essen
tially upon the defensive—in spite of
their new, sporadic attempts to at
tack on @ great scale, after having
challenged Europe—they are morally
prepared for standing worse straits
still.
To make 'this economic strain’on
the Central Powers pass the limit of
what was bearable was an almost
impossible task for the Entente Pow
ers on account of the position of neu
trals and especially of the United
States.
By the entry of the United States
into the war the whole of that situa
tion was changed. The. only chan
nels through which the Central Em
pires could thereafter get external
supplies were the four small Scan
dinavlan States and Holland. A com
plete rationing of these o that they
shall not act as mere corridors of
supply for Germany and Austria re
quired nothing but the adhesion of
the United States. Since she has
been in the war one may say that
the last phase of its economic side is
fully entered.
Movies Would Save
Russia tor Allies,
. Hall Caine Declares
Filips Would Have Guided Masses Through
Revolution Despite Kerensky’s Falsechoods.
" By HALL CAINE,
British Author and Dramatist.
' LLONDON, Jan. 26.-—lt I 8 a startling
rfact that within the_ short space of
| ten or fifteen years the cinema indus
try has become one of the fourth or
fifth largest industries in the world.
A distinguished member of the Min
istry, whose duty it has lately been
to travel far and wide on the business
of the war, told me the other day that
wherever he went, at home or abroad,
in large cities or small villages, he
found the cinema theater there, with
its doors always open.
I venture to suggest it would he
good to keep them open—not to run
the risk of closing them by unfair
taxation. That is a warning to our
lawmakers which may partlculnrly?
apply to the present time. To ask the
cinema theaters to show as many peo- ‘
ple as possible what the nation is do- |
ing for the war, and at the same time
to impose such legislation as may‘
have the effect of making such people
as few as possible, is both foolish and
unfair. X ‘
So far as T have influence in the
puging out of any film for which I
am responsible, I ghall request—l can
not say more—that no entertainment
taxation shall be allowed to imperil
its chances of success.
Man does not live by bread alone.
He is a self-respecting creature;
and the least of us wants to’feel that
his work is, one way or another, of
some consequence not only to himself,
but also to the community.
If the cinema Industry ever had any
unncessary humility on this head, it
must have been dispelled during the
past three years. Almost ever since
the beginning of the war nearly all the
warring nations have employed the
cinema industry as a means of war
propaganda. It was a wise policy on
the parts of the Governments so to
use the cinema industry, and it was
a wise policy also on the part of the
cinema industry to allow itself to' he
s 0 used.
Ty show (ireat Britain what France
is doing for the war and to show
France what Great Britain and her
dependencies are doing is desirable
and necessary for harmony and unity
of effort between #llied natlons wag
ing war over a vast area of the world,
It is a pity we had not had more of
such pictorial éxhibitions.
Russia, for exammple, might have
been saved to us if it had been possi
ble to show her by means of moving
‘ pictures that she was not bearing the
’whole turden of the war, as Kerensky
‘BO erroneously and so criminally told
her. 1
But the clnema industry will, I
trust, soon go up one step further and
show the world not,only how the Al
lies are fighting, but what they are
fighting for.
.
Gladstone Family
To Sell Hawarden
LONDON, Jan. 26.—THe sons of Wil
llam E. Gladstone announcé that a large
part of the famous Hawarden estate
18 to he sold at once because high taxes
have rendered it impossible to keep it
intact and in the family as the elder
Gladstone desired. The estate is bur
dened with a large debt and the tenants
will have the opportunity, if they de
sire, to buy the lands they are occu
pying.
The plight of the Gladstone property
is like that of many other ancient es
tates throughout the country which, de
spite the/present large profits from well
farmed lands, are losing money because
of the wastes of the tenant aystem.
Only One Topie of Interest in Berlin, Returned
Journalist Declares—Tells How Troops From
Russian Front Paraded Through Capital.
By THEODORE VAN DER KLUTE
An Amsterdam Journa list Returned From Berlin,
There 8 now only one toplc of inter
est in Berlin and other large German
cities, and 1t {8 the forthcoming German
offensive in the west. Belles in the pos
sibility of ending the war by a crushng
blow against the Fremch and British
lines is widespread and growing.
The visions of forcing a peace In this
manner are founded upon the chaos In
Russia and the withdrawal of all the
best troops fro mthe eastern front,
For some time this process has been
conducted -in a plecemea! fashion, the
fittest men from each dlvision on the
eastern front belng withdrawn and
formed into new divisons; now the pro
ces ,of removal of whole divisons has
begun,
The transferrence has been accom
plished with a good deal of ostentation,
and scenes of some enthusiasm have
marked the passege through Berlin of
the trops coming from east to west,
Transferred Men Uneasy. st
Not only have these men been divert
ed from their shortest route in order to
Wisplay them in Berlin, but the times of
thelr arrival and departure have heen
made publie.
The object of this unusual publicity
{8 two-fold. The first end accomplished
’le the restoration of confidence among
‘the Berliners, who are contemplating a
war winter with no great amount of se
‘renity.
The second purpose is to hearten the
troops going west by displays of enthusi
asm and confidence,
The western front has no alluring rep
utation among any German soldlers,
least of all among those accustomed .to
the much easier conditions on the east
ern front: and many 8o transferred have
made no seciet of their uneasiness at
the change.
For the same reason great piblicity is
given to the half-undertaking made by
Count Czernin, the Austrian Premfier,
that Austrian troops should also be sent
to the western front. They promise,
however, is not taken very seriously in
Berlin.
No Time to Arouse Austria.
Apart from the fact that Austria has
no war aims in the west, there is a
large body of gublic opinion, especially
in Hungary, which cleaves to the idea
that Austria is a mere German catspaw.
Any open act likely to {llustrate the
corectness of this 4dea would be pe
culiarly unpalatable to the Pan-Ger
{??fln’s hand can safely be shown in Aus-
More ominous for the cause of the Al
lied Powers than the Prospm! of Aus
trian troops fighting along the western
line is. the vu?' real augmentation of
German aerial forces.
It may be safely pradicted that any
offensive in the west will at once revea!
a remarkable increase in the aerial
“;:nl?h Orull.:‘rel. G::lrln;';d“l:l"yfiorfin zlia.t
500 monwgtvo gun taken into training
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MAIN NEWS
SECTION
as pllots in every week sinoe last May,
and that as many trained and efficlet
pilots are at present emerging from the
training camps each week.
Alrplanes on Blg Scale.
Alrplane construction has been aug
mented on even a more sensational
scale, and the usual mysterious hints
’of overwhelming surprises In store for
Great Britain are heard on every side.
These rumors may rest, for the great.
er part, upon the blind faith every Ger
man cherishes, in the Inventive capacity
of his own race. There is reason to be
lleve, however, that several new types
of machines have been evolved and de
liberately reservd for the contemplated
demonstration of German ferce.
One large machine, which has been
seen very often in the nelghborhood of
Johannisthal, is reputed to be specially
designed for fighting with machine guns
agalnst infantry, after the fashion first
demonstrated to the Germans by British
alrmen In the battle of Arras.
For another machine, small and very
swift, cllmbing qualities hever befors
developed are Malmed.
A rising In Beigium, in the nefihbcr
hood of Alost, is reported to have been
repressed by General Falkenhausen with
“exemplary” severity.
The number of persons killed in this
affalr, and those executed afterward for
taking part in it, is being carefully con
cealed, because the total is a staggering
one.
180,000 Belglans Dlsciplined.
It is recorded in the “Pester Lloyd”
that the punishment inflicted on Bel
glans by the German military authori
ties rose to 180.000 last year, as againat
100,000 in the preceding year.
In the same period the number of
Belglans seeking tQ escape and meeting
their death on the frontier, either from
the electrified wire or the rifles of the
sentries, rose to an average of 85 a
week, against ten in the preceding
twelve months.
While Hindenburg is rushing forward
his preparations for a great attack in
the west, Erzberger, the great peace in
triguer, is similarly active in Switzer
land.
Onece again the German press is givi
publicity to extranrdlnariy proponx
made by this man and denying that they
have any official Gérman sanction.
The most original of these Erzberger
suggestions is one for guardini against
an economic war by extinguishing mill
tary rivalry between British and Ger
man shipping Interests.
Crimes bly Wonivgn ln‘::mu. i
o this end he would make one "
r‘o’zmtion that 40 per cent of the sm'“
in British shipping companies must be
acquired byislmi]ar concerns in QGers
many, and vice versa. S N
Berlin moralists are deeply concerned
as the rapid increase of crimes of vio
lence among women. This development
is particularly noticeable among women 5
who haye adorted since the war pa
tions formerly considered e Uy
masculine, B et i