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Look at This! Herearea FEV/—Just a Few—of the Ruined French Towns. Help Rebuild One!
i
' I ' HIS pictorial map does not by any means cover every city, town and village of France laid waste by-the war. It gives the mose noted comm unities changed from smiling pros
perous dwelling places to charred and ghastly debris. France is proud. Despite the enormous burden she bears she will not ask the world for help. BUT she will gladly re-
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ceive help to restore the homes of her stricken children. Let Atlanta and Georgia rebuild one of these destroyed towns. It will stand forever a monument to our greatness of heart.
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Task of United States Is to Make the Economie
Strain on'the Central Poers Pass the Limit of
Endurance, Hilaire Belloe Savs.
By HILAIRE BELLOC,
Foremost Military Writer in Engiand.
The biglf-ule now being played by
the United States in the great war
makes it necessary for all those in
terestéd in victory to consider the
true situation to be faced by Ameri
ans in the conflict.
A great deal of harm was done in
the past, when successive combatants
cntered the field upon either side, by
misapprehensions, both unconscious
and deliberate, of the situation each
had to face.
These errors weakened those that
made them by provoking disappoint
ments, and at the same time by caus
ing grave misczleulations in the dis
tribution of strength and in the time
tahle to which plans were drawn.
The main examples of these errors
are already familiar. It will be
worth our while to repeat them, how
aver, for they are most illuminating
for Americans.
Teutons’ Grave Error.
At the very outset came the capi
-lal error of the Central Empires as
to the situation of Great ' Britain.
They believed Great Britain would
lot enter the war at all. When she
did they believed she would be in
sapahle of any great military effort.
Immediately after came a corre
sponding error (though luckily one
¢ o smaller type), committed by the
¥mtente with regard to the Turkish
Empive. The so-called *“Young
YTurks” (who are not Turks at all,
nut a cosmopolitan secret organiza
{ion mainly conneeted with the Inter
national financiers of the Central
Powers), were bound, short of an
immediate occupation of Constanti- |
nople by the Entente—had that been 1
possible—to join the Central Pow
ers. They promqt.ly did so, and by
doing so cut off the Russian Empire
from its main sourfe of western sup
ply. .
Next came the error of the West
ern Powers as to the material situ
ation of tre Russian Empire and its
power to munition {tself properly.
This power they exaggerated, with
the result that the great advance of
the Central Empires through Poland
in 1915 came as a most unwelcome
- surprise.
The entry of Italy was the cause of
less misapprehension upon the part
of the Western Powers, who had
rightly gauged both the excellence
of the Italian service and the great
’strength of the Alpine region as a
‘detensive area or obstacle in aid o 1
'the Austrian. As the recent Italian
breakdown showed, they tended to
’overestimate these features.
Germany Despised Italy.
The moral and military situation of
Italy in entering the war, though
well understand in Fngland and
France, was mnot understood at all
at Berlin. The Italian service was
despised by the Germans. At the
same time the political forces upon
which Germany relied for keeping
‘ltaly out were thought to be much
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more powerful than ywas really the
case. b
Next came the absurd _error of, the
Germans in believing their Turkish
allies under German direction could
effect an invasion of Egypt. This
error was unfortunately shared in
some quarters of the Entente itself.
How foolish it was the latest events
have proved.
The next error as to a national sit
uation was a very gricvous one. It
was the error of the Entente Pow
ers with regard to the situation ol
!Bulgaria‘ The King of Bulgaria had
been pledged to the Central Powers
long before he actually took the field
When he did so his attack coming in
flank was fatal to Serbia and to ali
the Balkans. Nothing but the rapid
military action, which was taken
upon French initiative juts in time,
saved Saloniki, and with Saloniki the
only gate to the Aegean and the Le
vantine seas.
The situagion of the United States
in the war must be considered in
two parts: Its gené’a] character and
the particular military problem in
volved.
Entered in Last Phase.
In its general charactér there en
ters the fact that America entered
the war in its last phase. But after
the collapse of Rusisa there enters
als' the contrast between her politi
cal attitude toward the war and that
of France and England; and there
enters the contrast between the slight
strain on the United States up to the
moment of entering the war and the
heavy strains already created in
France, England and Italy after
many months of conflict.,
The particular military problem is
two-fold. It includes the expansion
of the American army with all this
gonnotes, including the learning of
new tactical methods. It includes
the nature of supply, with all that
thig in its turn connotes in the
amount and novelty of the material
required and in the length and diffi
‘culty of communication—to which
‘may be addde the contrast in what i
called “finance.”
. Let us look at these various points
\in their order: T
It ig properly said on all sides that
‘the United States entered the war in
its last phase. First, the loss of of
fensive power upon the part of the
ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, JANUARY' 27, 1918
party which is undergoing defeat—
that is, its reduction to a sterile de
fensive; secondly, heavy depletion of
human energy and material upon
both sides, though more as a rule
upon the defeated than upon the vic
torious side.
~ The defeated party invariably gam- |
bles in the last phase upon the moral
~and material exhaustion of his victor.
' He knows that behind a successful
army there is often a discontented
population and a danger of poiltica,l‘
collapse. He trusts in that and pro
longs his resistance because it is hisi
only hope. He knows that a defeat
ed nation will continue to struggle
more desperately than a victorfous
one during the last phase of its de
fense, and he rightly counts this as
an asset in hig favor. That is the
situation which one calls “the last
phase” of any great duel to the death
between armetl powers. i
“Draw” for Deefated. |
Its characters have always been‘
apparent in the past and always will}
be apparent whenever great organ
ized human communities struggle one
against he other for really serious
issues. If, in such a last phase, the
party which is gaining the upper
hand slackens, modifies its original
objects and negotiates a peace, the
conclusion may be called a “draw”
or may even-seem a success for those |
who receive a part of that for which
they were fighting.
The United States, then, is enter
ing the war at a moment when this
last phase has been reached, and the |
first outward sign of its action here
is in the master of the blockade. '
The Central Empires suffer from
exhaustion through blockade very
lmuch more severely than do their
opponents. But as they are essen
tially upon the defensive—in spite of
| their new, sporadic attempts to at
tack on a great scale, after having
challenged Europe—they are morally
prernred for standing worse straits
still.
To make this economic strain on
the Central Powers pass the limit of
what was bearable was an almost
impossible task for the Entente Pow
ers on account of the pasition of neu
trals and especially of the United
States.
By the entry of the United States
into the war the whole of that situa
tion was changed. The only chan
nels through which the Central Em
pires could thereafter get extemali
supplies were the four small Scan
dinavian Stateg and Holland. A com-;
plete rationing of these so that they
shall not act as mere corridors of
supply for Germany and Austria re
quired nothing but the adhesion of
the United States. Since she has
| been in the war one may say that
the last phase of ity economic side is
fully entered.
Movies Would Have
Russia tor Allies,
Hall Caine Declares
Films \\'ouid H.m(xfid_ Masses Through
Revolution Despite Kerensky's Falsehoods.
LONDON, Jan. 26.—1 t is a startling
fact that within the short space of
ten or fifteen years the cinema indus
try has become one of the fourth of
fifth largest industries in the world.
A distinguished member of the Min
istry, whose duty it has lately beén
to travel far and wide on the business |
of the war, told me the other day that
wherever he went, at home or abroad,
in large cities or small villages, he
found the cinema theater there, with
its doors always open.
[ venture to suggest it would be
good to keep them open-—not to run
the risk of closing them by unfair
taxation. 'l;hat is a warning to our
lawmakers which may particularly
apply to the present time. To ask the
cinema theaters to show as many peo
ple as possible what the nation is do
ing for the war, agd at the same time
to impose such legislation as may
have the effect of making such p%ome
as few as possible, is both foolish and
unfair,
So far as 1 have influence in Ihe}
puting out of any film for which 11
am responsible, 1 ghall request—ll can
not say more—that no entertainment
taxation shall be allowed to imperil
its chances of success.
Man does not live by bread alone.
He s a self-respecting creature;
and the least of us wants to feel that
his work is, one way or another, of
some consequence not only to himself,
but also to the community.
If the cinema industrv ever had any
unncessary humility on this head, n\
must have been dispelled during the
past three years. Almost ever since
the beginning of the war nearly all the
warring nations have employed the
dinema industry as a means of war
propaganda. It was a wise policy on
the parts of the Governments =o to
use the cinema industry, and it was
a wise policy also on the part of the
cinema industry to allow itself to bé
80 used.
| To show Great Britain what France
is doing for the war and to show
France what Great Britain and her
dependencies are doing is desirable
and necessary for harmony and unity
of effort between #llied natlons wag
ing war over a vast area of the world.
It is a pity we had not had more of
such pictorial exhibitions. ;
Russla, for example, might have
been saved to us if it had been possl
ble to show her by means of moving
pictures that she was not bearing the
whole turden of the war, as Kerensky}
80 erroneously and so criminally told
ber. |
But the cinema industry will, T
trust, soon go up one step further and
show the world not only how the Al
lies are fighting, but what they are
fighting for, |
e .
' |
IGladstone Family =
To Sell Hawarden
LONDON, Jan. 26.—The sons of Wil-‘
Ham 1. Gladstone anhounce that a large
part of the famous Hawarden esmte‘
18 to be gold at once because high taxes
have rendered it impossible to keep it
intact and in the family as the eldex"
Gladstone desired. The estate iz bur
dened with a large debt and the tenants
will have the opportunity, if they de
sire, to buy the lands they are occu
pying. =
The plight of the Gladstone property
is like thal of many other ancient es
tates throughout the country which, de
spite the present large profits from well
lrarmed lands, are losing money because
of the wastes of the tenant system.
Only One Topic of Interest in iivrlin, Returned
Journalist Declares—Tells How Troops From
Russian Front Paraded Through Capital.
i By THEODORE VAN DER KLUTE i
An Amsterdam Journa list Returned From Berlin.
‘ There is now only cne topic of inter
est in Berlin and other large German
cities, and 1t 48 the forthcoming German
offensive in the west. Belief in the pos
sibllity of ending the war by a crushng
blow agalnst the French and British
lines is widespread and growing.
The vieions of forcing a peace in this
manner are founded upon the chaos In
Russia and the withdrawal of all the
best troops fro‘lnlhe eastern front.
For some time this process has been
conductgd in a plecemeal fashion, the
fittest men from each division on the
eastern front being withdrawn " and
formed into new divisons; now thé pro
ces of removal of whole divisons has
begun. J
The transferrence has been accom
plished with a good deal of ostentation,
end scenes of some enthusiasm have
marked the passage through Berlin of
the trops coming frem east to west,
Transferred Men Uneasy.
Not only have these men been divert
ed from their shortest route in order to
display them in Berlin, but the times of
their arrival and &eparture have been
made public. |
The object of this unusual publicity
is two-fold. The first end accomplished
js the restoration of confidence among
’the Berliners, who are contemplating a
war winter with no great amount of se
renity. |
The secon< purpose is to hearten the
troops going west by displays of enthusi
asm and confidence, |
The western front has no alluring rep-‘
utation amoug any German soldiers,
least of all among those accustomed to
the much easler conditions on the east
ern front; and many 8o transferred have
made no seciet of their uneasiness at
the change.
For the same reason great piblicity is
given to the half-undertaking made by
Count Czernin, the Austrian Premier,
that Austrian troops should also be sent
to the western front. They promise,
however, is not taken very geriously in
Berlin.
No Time to Arouse Austrias
Apart from the fact that Austria has
no war alms in the west, there Is a
large body of guhll’c opinion, especlally
in Hungary, which cleaves to the idea
that Austria I 8 a mere German catspaw.
Any open act likely to illustrate the
corectness of this idea would be pe
culiarly unpalatable to the Pan-Ger
:rrlaln's hand can safely be shown in Aus-
More ominous for she cause of the Al
lied Powers than the prospect of Aus
trian troops fighting along the western
line is the very real augmentation of
German aerial forces.
It may be safely pradicted that any
cffensive in the west will at once reveal
a remarkable increase in the aerlal
streugth of the German army.
It i 8 popularly believed in Berlin that
§OO men have been taken into tralning
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as pilots in every week since last May,
and that as many tralned and efficiet
pllots are at present emerging from the
training camps each week.
Alrplanes on Blg Scale,
Airplane construction has beerll aug
mented on even a more sensational
scale, and the usual mysterious hints
’m' overwhelming surprises in”store for
Great Britain are heard on every side.
These rumors may rest, for the great.
er part, upon the blind faith every Ger:
man cherishes in the inventive capaocity
of his own race. There {8 reason to be:
lieve, however, that several new types
of machines have he&h evolv%d and de-’
liberately reservd for the cohtemplated
demonstration of German force.
One large machine, which has been
seen very often in the neighborhood of
’.lnhnnnlmhm. is reputed to be specially
‘d",signed for fighting with machine guns
‘agalnst infantry, after the fashion first
‘demonstrated to the Germans by British
‘airmen in the battle of Arras.
For another machine, small and very
swift, climbing qualities never befors
developed are claimed.
A rising in Belgium, In the neighbor
hood of Alost, i 8 reported to have been
repressed by General Falkenhausen with
“exemplary'’ severity.
The number of persons killed in this
affair, and those executed afterward for
taking part in it, is being carefully con+
cealed, because the total is a staggering
one, 2
180,000 Belgians Disciplined.
Tt is recorded in the *Pester Lloyd™
that the punishment inflicted on Bel<
gians by the German military authori«
ties rose to 180,000 last year, as against
100,000 in the preceding year. -
In the same perfod the number of
1o *
Belgians secking to escape and meeting
their death on the frontier, either from
the electrified wire or the rifles of the
sentries, rose to an average of 35 &
week, against ten in the preceding
twelve months. & P
While Hindenburg is rushing lorwng
' his preparations for a great attack
the west, lirzberger, the great peace ins
triguer, 1s similarly active in Switsera
| land, ¥
Once agdin the German press is gi ;
publicity to extraordlnar?r pro p
‘ made by this man and denying thal r
have any official German sanction. z
' The most n-nginu} of the%e’ Erg :
suggestions is, one for guar ‘
an economic war by extlnaximng .
tary rivalry between British and £
man ghipping interests. p"
Crimes by Women Increase. « ¥
To thiz end he would make one ;’,‘g"
condition that 40 per cent of the shares
in British shipping companies must b&
acquired by similar concerns in Gérs
i many; and v'i«:z; versa. p; Foa g
Berlin moralists are deeply i
at the rapid increase of crlmu‘fl in
lence among women. 'This development
is particularly noticeable among Women
who have adopted sinee the war | ccupas
tions formerly considered osséntially
masculine, % I