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4A
Big Guns Change the Landscape Constantly in France
Sector Deseribed to Drivers as “Quiet as ;ti
C‘hureh” Proves To Be Honeycombed With:
Dugouts and Great Shell Holes. ‘
By ROBERT A. DRAKE, of Harvard,
Winner of the French Cross of War,
© "They told me it was as quiet as a
«hurch up here!" sald a French sol
siier, driver of a water tank, who had
Just moved hig vehicle to a town near
the Solssons line. “As quiet as a
chyrch! Tl'd lke to know how they
expect me to water their horses when
1 have to spend all my time picking
‘#hell fragments out of the tank and
yateching up the holes!”
~ The sector that was as “quiet as a
whurch” was marked by a honeycomb
:Qg dugouts that lined both sldes of
our road—holes in the ground that
80 ed only the heads of men who
svere peering out with great caution.
| There were a few turns in the road,
@nd then came a straight stretch that
Jed into the town. Or was it a town?
1t looked to me like a quarry, disor
derly with chipped pleces of rock,
~ After we had picked our way
irough the “town,” we saw shell
: les. They were Interesting and sug
westive, but they proved to be only a
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delicate hint of what was to bs seen
farther on.
“Ahead of us Is what they call
‘death corner,’” sald my partner In a
volce that was humorously melodra
matic but sincere, just the same,
We came to a part of the road
where batteries of seventy-filves and
larger guns were concealed on each
side under all sorts of camouflage.
Shell holes dotted the 200 pquare
vards of this death corner so liberally
that the landscape wasg nothing but
upturned brown earth. They varied
in size from three feet In diameter
at the top to fifteen feet. All were
circoular, and In form like an inverted
cone with the apéx at the bottom, ‘
The original surface of the road had
been so shattered that it was hardly
passable, Broken treesshung over it.
A supply wagon, shot clean in two,
half blocked one place.
At Ostel was a hole, new, perfectly
round, preeisely in the center of the
road. Had the shell broken out four
inches more of it, the wheels of our
car couldn’t have straddled it. As it
was, the two wheel ruts were left
nearly intact, ang we went -over.
“Damn nice of the Boches to place it
like that!” was my partner’'s pleased
comment,
~ Landscapes Change as You Wait.
Despite the jesting remarks, the
ever-fresh shell holes suggested du
bious thoughts; and when the danger
on the road became so great that at
the advance sanitary poste of Ferme
Hemeret the Frenchmen dug a com
munication trench to bring the
wounded to the cars, silence often fell
on the most humorous.
Though the roads to the advanced
postes soon became familiar to our
boys, they assuredly never became
monotonous, The Jandscape changed
too often for that! At first we amused
ourselves by trying to keep up a
revised map that should indicaté the
new shell holes, blown-up batterles
and other wild alterations in the
scenery; but the continual additions
and remodelings that were necessary
to keep the map up to date soon tired
us out. From Ostel to Chassemy was
four miles, and 1 had an inextricable
confusion of “black symbols Indicat
ing shell eraters” on my map before
!’tznve it up.
Y'he Chassetrs repaired these front
roads to a certain extent; but another
division left the holes largely as the
shells made them. After a short time
it was difficult to make even an ap
|v¥oximnu- guess at the exact number
of separate holes, .
Besides these foreible and violent
changes, our work brought extreme
variety in another way. In half an
hour's ride from the front postes to
the rear hospitals we passed from one
extreme of human experience to an
other. ‘
From Cannon Fire to Swan Lakes.
At half past eleven one morning 1
left a poste at the front that lay in a
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HEARST’S SUNDAY AMERICAN . A Newspaper for People Who Think — SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 191,
noisome desert of havoc amd stench,
At noon 1 was in the stately, sedate,
untroubled park of a noble chateay,
watching swans salling calmly and
majestically on a lovely lake,
Beautiful green meadows with rich
ly dark patches of groves stretched
far and away behind me., Black
cloaked shepherds guarded great
flocks of sheep, which browsed and
played knee-deep In scented clover.
I'ne only sounds in that tranquil scene
were the occasional ¢ries of the shep.-
herds to the lttle dogs to drive stray
ing beasts back to the flock. And six
miles away were razed towns, blight
ed flelds and pits that echoed infernal
noise,
This rich, sweet country in the
rear enabled us to imagine how beau
tiful the devastated country must
have been before the war, and thus
we realized the more acutely how Lor.
rible it was now. The gashes from
the shells seened, indeed, like gaping
wounds that had torn away gloricus
flesh and left only the stark bones of
n skeleton to bleach in the sun.
At Paissy a girl and an old man
lived in the shelter of a hillside cave
close to the fighting front,
“Look!” shouted my partner, “Wal
ly”” “They're wearing gas helmets
and masks!"”
“That's nothing!” answered Petey.
“At Ouissy this morning I saw a lit
tle kiddie raking in the flelds, and he
had his casque and mask, too!"
The gleam of bright inspiration
flashed in “Kiteh’s” eye. That eve
ning at dinner he produced a sketch
which he had signed: “Country Life
at Oulssy.” It showed a knock-kneed
cow eating her clover with an enor
mous gas mask tied over her nose,
Opposite the caves at Paissy that
sheltered the few civillan inhabitants
wha clung to the place thére were re
mains of houses, Nobody tried to live
there. German shell fire reached them
and nothing remained except white
rulns that clung under overhanging
masses of earth, More than one of w
remarked that they looked exact(s
like the cliff dwellings of our South
western Indians., )
Beauty That Hid Death.
Jiussy was a little farther away
from the front, but the landscape had
not been spared. One evening we
were therc at sunset. Against the
smoking red ball of the descending
sun stood a chateau, beautiful still,
though half in ruins. Looking south
ward, we saw the magnificent valley
of the Aisne, apparently unharmed,
untouched. But in the north a skele
ton town confronted the gaze—the
town of Jumigny, standing in a bath
of sunset light like a fairy place that
had been swiftly touched with terror
by an evil spirit,
On the next ridge of hills beyond
there remained a magic touch of na
ture’s beauty, but even as we looked
they smoked along their whole line of
bluffs from the storm of exploding
shells that scarred and rent them.
~ From the destroyed town below us
burst hideous nolse. It was a French
{hnnery sending the (Gierman guns a
‘receipt.”
~ The fields that surrounded us
sermed still green, when viewed from
& distance. Onpe might have thought
that their smooth verdancy was all
‘unmarred, But when we drove over
them we found them so pitted with
shell holes that all that once good
earth was as if it had suffered an cpi
demic of a monstrous smallpox.
Beyond these mutilated plains were
forests that seemed invitingly, tempt
ingly peaceful and sacred retreats in
the day time.” At night they were
shot through with the blinding light
nings of a thousand concealed guns.
Yet one day when man was doing
his waorst, nature did try to bless the
Innd with her old tranquility. We
stood viewing the wild scene when all
at once. sprung in a mighty arch from
one river bank to the other, a di
vinely beautiful rainbow spanned the
world.
Mere Incidents of War.
A(gay succdbded day of toil amld
the netantly inereasing havoe, we
often thought of the expression “quiet
‘as a church.” Everywhere was debris
through which projected jagged bits
of wall, like fangs that snarled. °
At Ouissy Farm (the largest farm
that 1 had yet seen in ruins) a French
sergeant pointed out a new hole near
the driveway entrance.
“The driver of a French ambulance
was killed theére only three days ago,”
sald he. “But It was an accident!
The women of this farm were living
here only a week ago. But then, all
at once, the (GGermans dropped fifteen
marmites (big shells) on the house
all in succession. Everybody left
somewhat hastily.”
He led the way to the stalrs of the
main dwelling house, They were piled
with heaps of cloth, broken china, In-~
cubators, children’s toys. Everything
was destroyed. But the farm dogs
still kept guard and barked at in
truders. And two little kittens were
playing merrily on the shell-exposed
rafters of the house,
“They haven't seen much war yet!*
said my partner. “They’ll be wildcats
before long.”
Even bhefore I had my first sight
of the real front, the sight of wast
destruction had become famillar to
me; for everywhere in the land that
had been inundated by the first rush
of the German army, there were the
twisted wrecks of the iron bridges
which the British had blown up to
retard the enemy.
I had net, however, even begun to
realize what prized goals bridges are
in warfare, yntil I got to the actual
fighting tmn‘i. At the Aisne Rlver,
my impression of the territory for a
long while was only a confused night
mare of pounding piledrivers, engi
neering dugouts, muck holes made
by shells. and vast piles of tumbled
earth, Wherever roads converged to
ward the river, the German shells fell
incessantly to the lines of communi
cation over the stream. Under that
continual effort to destroy on the one
hand, was the continual effort to re
place on the other. 4
Building Bridges Amid Death.
When we carried away the wound
ed, we saw the daily progress of this
desperate engineering. At one hot
place the French engineers had suc
ceeded in throwing across the stream
two big bridges, widely separated so
that both spans should not come un
der the same shell fire
One bridge was a “permanent” steel
structure. The other was a floating
or pontoon bridge. A third bridge—
a wooden one-—was being constructed
farther down stream, for the engi
neers believed in preparedness. The
ruins of the original structure lay half
‘nubmerged under the very shadow of
the new spans.
~ We soon observed many new shell
‘holes at all the approaches to these.
“The Boches sure do want those
‘bridges!” said Wally one day when
he had to dodge & particularly big
lcmter only fifteen feet from the ap
proach to the big steel bridge. “Blg
shells like that cost monev—and look
at the dozens that have been hitting
in around here!”
As recently as April (1917) the Ger
mans had still held the country’im
which we were, It was not until aft
eér the middle of that month that the
artillery of the French forced them
back, leaving that coveted part of the
Alsne valley in French hands.
In one of the towns that they had
Leld we had the opportunity of seeing
one of their elaborate fortifications
complete, for they had not had time to
blow it up before retiring.
It was a blockhouse bullt of rein
forced concrete. The walls were four
feet thick. They were plerced with
narrow slits for machine guns. The
bulldings all around the fort had been
razed so that the view should be un
obstructed.
When they left the town they took
away with them everything that eould
be of any use in civil or military life—
every scrap of wood, furniture and
stoves., Everything that they could not
transport they destroyed. They left
behind tons of broken stone, useless
papers, rubble and ruins.
“The Gcrmans came baclk as far as
Alzy a month ago,” sald one of the
French doctors. “But they couldn’t
notiee it. They had destroyed the town
too completely the first time.”
I thought a minute, and it occurred
to me that Alzy was a quarter of a
mile farther in the rear than the poste
where we were at the time. “The
Boches came as far as the valley just
behind you,” said the doctor. “But
our batteries on the hills surrounded
them so well that they retired to their
old positions again.”
“Isn't that nice?”’ said Wally. “If
we'd only been here a month ago we
might have run into a bunch of Bo
ches on the way down! That would
be sweet on some dark night, wouldn't
it
At Vailly we saw some more of the
wake of war, fresh, so to speak. The
Germans had taken away the best
pictures from the church there, ripped
the rest into shreds of canvas and left
the altar ruined while the images
were mutilated. On the floor, instead
of the neat rows of benches, was a
pile of broken rock and splintered
beams 30 feet high.
“You see this wooden eagle?'’ asked
a Frenchman. He led the way through
the debris te the altar, and pointed
out the shattered remalns of a wood
en bird that had a distressingly Ger
man cast of countenance,
“When the French soldiers returned
here,” said he, “they thought this was
a German eagle. And before they
found that it was French they had
destroyed it almost completely.”
The rays of the sun lighted the few
white stone pillars that still stood in
tact. They shone with a brilllancy
that symbolized peace, but at the
hases of the columns lag the plle of
torn timbers and stone black as the
hands that had destroyed them.
A Bhattered War Prize.
At Ostel the traces of the Germans
were even more recent. It was a de
serted village and a desert village.
Aside from a few pollus who stole
furtively from wall to wall, the only
living thing in the town was a swal
low that sought in panic for her nest
that was lost. .The freshly shattered
‘white stone reflected the sun glaring
ly. What few bushes still were alive
‘had their leaves so powdered with
‘white dust that they were sallow gray
instead of green.
~ Amid the skeletons of the white
houses was the wild wreckage of a
German military rallroad. It had been
torn up and twisted by French and
German shells so that the rails looked
extraordinarily llke great serpents
that had been paralyzed suddenly In
the very midst of writhing convulsion.
The road that led out of town
merged into a pitted brown surface
where everything was allke. A time
ruined castle on a hill above the town
had been under such a hail of ammu
nition that only a few rocks and
splintered stumps of trees remained
against the sky-lne,
The third-line trenches twisted their
way through an orchard that had no
apple trees left, The terrific explo
sives had ripped out the trees by the
roots.
On a wall in the town there re
mained a queer survivor of the bom
bardment—a chocolate advertisement
which clung to its place and bravely
did its duty, though partly obliter
ated by shell fire. The Bchool was
nothing—nothing but a mass of de
bris. Where romping children had
played and shouted, there now stood
a great mass of crude wooden crosses,
all alike. leaning against a broken
wall, ready for the graves that they
were to mark.
War’'s Swift Changes.
Two months later I was ordered
again to Ostel and thus was to have
the opportunity to see what changes
war can work in the short space of
60 days.
“You know the upper road to Os
tel?” asked Paul Green, who had just
been there. I nodded. “Well,” said
he, “T tried to go to Ostel that way,
and, belleve me, I nearly got mine!
Those farm houses halfway up that
used to have some walls left are
nothing but dust now. There's enough
rubbish in the middle of the road
'o keep me from trying to go through
there again, I'll tell the world! Why,
Jonesey and I worked ten minutes
to roll enough rocks out of the road
8o that we could turn the car
around!”
1 didn’t try the upper road when
I went to Ostel! But from the road
that 1 did take, 1 could see the dust
clouds where the big shells still
were landing in those ruins, and the
smoke drifted over a good quarter
mile of territory.
Half way up my road a horrible
odor assailed us. We went on, almost
sick, and found that it came from the
carcasses of two horses, frightfully
torn by shell fire, and still more hid
eous from the lapse of time and the
work of insects. S
“God! That's awful!” gasped Wal-
Iy, as a loathsome cloud of flies arose,
humming angrily, and fell on us, un
til we had sped far beyond.
It was two days before the nauseat
ing things were at last buried by be
ing dragged to 4 ' convenient shell
crater. It was more than a week be
fore the stench disappeared, though
slacked lime was piled well over the
spot!
The Work of Shells.
In Ostel the changes of two months
were astonishing to us, accustomed
as we were to the catastropic changes
wrought by daily war. The dugout
which had sheltered the French am
bulance section in June, was abso
lutely annihilated. Tous of stone
formed & hill where it had been.
The side street where' the French
ambulance drivers had parked their
cars was an impenetrable wilderness
of twisted iron rails. A neatly built
stone wall that had protected the
mouth of an underground peoste de
‘secours was Jdemolished to the last
stone, Even the brave chocolate sign \
had succumbed and was represented
only by a few tatters. |
In August, in the little town of
Ve, we had the chance to sea
what kind of sanitary posts the Ger
mans had, for the French postes de
secours were the caves that the Ger
mans had occupied before tham, We
saw the entrance to a German sap
first; and on the outside, painted in
blg red letters was the warning limr
French: “German electrical mines.
Dangerous!” |
A doctor told us: ‘“The Germans
left a whole network of tunnels filled
with explosives under this town. They
intended to set the mines off after we
got into the place, but probably our
artillery fire had destroyed their con
nections, for they didn't go off.”
In the German trenches on a hill
just behind the town, we found in
stallations of electrical light, pipe
lines that provided the trenches with
running water, and, finally, an eleva
tor. This elevator, elaborate enough
for any hotel, was used for lifting
wounded men from the front-line
postes de secours to the communica
tion trenches that led to the rear.
The postes de secours itself was
equally elaborate, being constructed
of reinforced concrete, with panels in
the walls,
How the French Attacked.
At Oulssy we carried wounded
Frenchmen who told us of an attack
by them on a quarry garrisoned by
Cermans. Over 100 of the Germans
had been left isolated in this quarry
-‘after the Boches refused to come out
or to surrender. However, the enor
mous bombardment had sealed all the
entrances to the quarry except one, so
the Frenchmen “smoked” their ene
mies out with gas shells.
That one incident was a good illus
tration of how it was that the French
captured so many prisoners. The Ger
man system was to utilize large dug
outs that could hold 50 or 100 men. If
the French curtain fire drove the Ger
man underground and the French
went over the tranches in sudden at- |
tack, the assault caught these scat
tered large groups. Then the poilus
eithér took the whole caveful of prisq
onery, or, If the Germans refused tJ{
emerge, they threw a few hand-gre
nades down the entrances as ‘‘per
suaders.”
The streets of Aizy were so tum
bled by constant explosions that soon'
it became almost impossible to get
through. In one place a timber from
a fallen roof stuck its splintered, jag
ged end across the road so that a car
could only just squeezé through by
scraping the broken wall on the other
side. None of us wanted to think of
trying to get through there with
wounded men some dark night, with a
lot of supply teams trying to gd the
other way in the mad haste with
which French supply teams usually,
:ent when the road was under shell
re. :
Camouflaged Roads to Ouissy. ;
The way to Ouissy was through
more open country than that to Vail
ly, and the ambulances rolled over
many bridges, some iron, some wood,
and through broad roads that were
kept well repaired. These roads were
screened for miles by cloth camou
flages that ran parallel with the
streets.
French officers guided the cars
through places that had networks of
trenches, and from there into the land
of helmeted men, whose sight told us
that we were in the danger zone—for
the Frenchman refuses to wear his
helmet except in the presence of real
danger., The steel casque is heavy,
cumbersome, and, worst of all, sadly
conducive to baldness!
“It's great up on the bluffs!” said
Hump Parsons. “I could see French
artillery shelling German transports.
After about ten shots they landed
right In the middle of the Boches.”
T cranked up and drove less thana
cuarter of a mile toward the trenches,
but the steepness of the road made
up for the shortnean of the trip. It
was a good ten minutes before I made
the distance, and parked my car in
the open, with nothing except a bald
mound of gravel to shelter it against
observation by the German troops on
the Chemin des Dames, just in front
of us. |
At dusk an emergency call came for
three cars to go to Paissy, It was
necessary to run along an open ridge
of hills first, and then down an open,
trecless, unscreened road that lay fuli ‘
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ni sght of the Boches. It was only
three-quarters of a imile, but I felt
keenly that both my automobile and
I were distinctly strangers intruding
in a strange land where we were de
cidedly not in the loving presence of
Kind friends.
I experienced a sensatlon that must
have been a mixture of stage fright
and egplorer's thrill. So many eyes,
1 knew, must be watching our prog
ress, and our ambulances of section §
were truly explorers, for we were the
2rlt~ley section to go “over the
ill
Not a wheel track or foot print
marked the road. Even supply wag
ons had not yet come up so far. The
few soldiers who went up to the
trenches there used a communication
trench that was dug parallel with the
road.
The Enemy’s Sight.
About a mile and a half away we
saw the enemy trenches. They were
all a-smoke—a line of never-dissipat
ing black and gray smoke—clouds
that made a scene as if a vastly long
fissure had opened in the earth to
give vent to a volcanic inferno.
It was a road on which nobody
‘wished to linger. But the shells had
played on it so faithfully that it was
simply speckied with holes. The most
impatient driver couldn’t do Dbetter
than just crawl. We surely thanked
our lucky stars for the small mercy
that there was a summer haze, that
prevented our procession of dwadling
cars from being too sharply outlined
against the sky beyond us.
Paissy was not what one could term
a hygienic place. One day 1 left the
poste de secours with a lot of wound
ed, and circumstances enabled me to
drive so speedily that I was back at
the poste aguin less than three-quar
ters of an hour later.
I found that in those 45 minutes of
lucky absence a shell had struck the
walls of the poste exactly where 1
usually spent a good half minute
turning my car. There was a large
stone in my way, and when I climbed
out of the car to roll it to one side 1
found myself suddenly weak as a
child.
(Next Sunday Mr. Drake will tell
why the ambulance driver is the one
man who sees the whole war, and
what he sees and how.)
DeKalb to Recruit
Shipbuilding Men
€
DeKalb County’s efforts to recruit
men for shipbuilding service of the
United States Government will begin
with the first of the week. J. A, Hall
chairman of the DeKalb County
branch of the National Council of
Defense, has received literature con
cerning the service and its need of
men experienced in construction work
and carpentering, together with ap
plication blanks for volunteers. Ev
ery effort will be made to recruit De-
Kalb's full quota. For the entire
State 11,000 men are wanted.
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Sweet Crushed Grain Feeds
are Cheapest
Mr. Team Owner, you are up against the rising cost
of doing business. Your best solution of the problem
is to buy a feed that gives you;the most for your money.,
When you feed whole grain
about one-third of it is wasted, be
cause it is swallowed whole. It is
impossible for the horse or mule to
digest whole corn or oats after it
reaches his stomach.
The best and most economical
feed is a sweet, crushed-grain ration,
sold under the Pilot Wheel trade
mark.
It is best because it is scientif
ically balanced to produce strong
bone, firm muscle, strength, pep, and
the greatest pulling power.
| 4 ‘9
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E BL e !
Federal Grand Jury Called to Con
sider Bribery Charge
Against Officer.
AUGUSTA, Feb. 9.—Edgar S. Bul
lis, resigned officer of the medical
corps, recently on duty at Camp Han
coek, and now charged with bribery,
today made bond for $2,000 before
Federal civil authorities and is now
at liberty.
Judge Emory Speer, of the United
States District Court, in session here
today, issued an order calling together
the Federal Grand Jury to act on
Bullls’ case. The names of grand
Jurors and traverse jurors who have
also been drawn for the emergency
which will arise if an indictment ir
returned are being kept secret by the
order of the court. The jury will
meet Tuesday with the special work
of finding out the particulars concern
ing the alleged bribing of Captain
Bullis by the “framed-up” representa
tive of W. S. Burgen, of Carnegie, Pa.
ATT'Y GENERAL'S MOTHER DEAD
WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.—Mrs. M. C,
Gregory, mother of the Attorney Gen
eral, died of pneumonia here late this
afternoon in the Gregory home. She
was 80 years old.
Silk, Wool The Service
or Cotton. . Flag Will Be
. All Siges. 5 Handed Down
Any Number * for Generations
Stars Wanted. to Come as
Price List a Relic of
On Request. : the World War.
W holesale and Ketail.
THE SOUTHERN DECORATING CO.,
Main 4174. 77 S. BROAD STREET. ATLANTA, GA.
| “If It's Used for Decorating, We Have It.”
It is the most economical feed,
because its nutriment is completely
digested and assimilated. Nothing
is wasted to become fertilizer or food
for the birds. It gives you the most
for your money.
You'll get better results from 4
tons of Pilot Wheel feed than you
will from 3 tons of whole grain or 6
tons of cheap mixed feed.
The Pilot Wheel on a bag of
feed is a guaranty of quality. Be sure
that this emblem is on every bag of
feed you buy.
Write today for a list of our
members. Any of them will quote
prices or give you the name of a
local dealer.
Sweet Feed Manufacturers
Association
Memphis - - Tenn.
The water office in the City Hall ex.
pects a grand rysh Monday, the las:
day for the payment of water rents
For some reason water consumers
have been slow in their payments this
month, and the office was kept ope:
later than usual Saturday to giv:
them a chance to drop in.
—————————
Mm Lm
STANDS FOR
Mentho Laxene
Cold, Cough and Catarrh Medicine
for Young and Old.
e e ——
You buy it of any well stocked
druggist in 2 1-2 oz. bottles ‘and take
it in ten-drop doses, or better yet, mix
it with simple sugar syrup, made b)
dissolving 3-4 of a pound of granu
lated sugar in a half pint of boiling
water. It is so easy to make a whole
pint of cold and cough syrup that
tens of thousands of mothers make it
every year for their loved ones,
All agree that this homemade
cough syrup is free from harmful
drugs, and that only a few doses are
required for each case, so that a pint
may last a family throughout the
winter season.
For colds, catarrh, cough and bron
chitis there is nothing superior for
prompt, lasting relief. Guaranteed by
the Blackburn Products Co., Dayton,
Ohio, to please or money back.—Ad
vertisement.
Ne. &, sanm