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VOL. VL. NO. 8.
IN “l Sl |5
Lives Lost in Battle More Than
Offset by the Decrease in Mor
tality From Disease Among
the Soldiers and Civilians.
Army Medical Corps Carrying on
Big Work in Segregating and
Curing Men Who Have Been
Listed as “Germ Carriers,” !
By GUY CARPENTER.
International News Service Staff
Correspondent. |
WASHINGTON, April 20—War is
lowering the American death rate.
This ts showa by figures compiled by
the Census Bureau and army medical
ofticers. The number of lives lost in
battle in the first year of the war
have been more than offset by the
decreased mortality from disease
among soldiers and civilians. The
caasus for the past six months shows
that the medical supervision given
the thousands of men in camp de
creased by 600 the normal number of
deaths from typhoid fever among
Amiricans within the draft age limits.
Figures on the death rates from other
diseases will show similar great sav
ings in life, say experts.
The army medical corps is segre
gating all “germ carriers” for special
treatment. Thousands of these men
who constituted one of the greatest
health menaces to the country will be
cured. At Camp Funston alone about!
1,200 “meningitis carriers” have been |
separated from their fellows. The)"
appear as healthy as any normal man,
but they give off meningitis germs.‘
They drill every day and are heing[
trained for service abroad, but they
will not see France until every trace
of the germ has been eradicated.
“Typhoid Carriers.”
Similar work also is being carried
on in locating soldiers who are “ty
phoid carriers.” ‘Special studies are
being mad~ in diseases carried by lice,
and special precautions against lice
have been introduced into all Ameri
can camps, both in this country and
abroad. As yet no American soldier
in France has died from a disease
communicatel by lice, known to the
British Tommy as “cooties.”
An army medical officer, in discuse
ing recent health reports from the
camps, said today: “War has been
termed ‘the great cleanser.’” We know '
that it will bring better health to
the majority of our people, be they in ]
the army or in civil life. i
“Since the draft became nperative'
hundreds of thousands of men have|
been examined by the nation’s bestl
doctcrs. These examinations have
discovered several thousand men who, I
if permitted to remain in civil life,
would have constituted a constant
health menace to the nation. These
men are known as ‘disease carriers.
Outwardly they give no evidence of
being impregnated with typhoid, men
ingitis or other germs, but they
breathe out these germs and their less |
hardy fellows are stricken. I
1,200 Segregated. !
“At Camp Fanston, to which many
men from the Mississippi Valley have
been sent, we have segregated 1,200
meningitis carriers. They drill and
train every day, but they are under
constant tr2a‘ment and are held atl
camp until we have driven the germs
from their -7ystems. No ‘germ car
rier' can get across to France, if wel
can help it. From the reports of
deaths by meningitis it would appear
that some carriers of the disease did
get over, but the chances are that
these carriers were in stevedore or
other branches hastily trained and
sent over early.
“Just now the most fatal diesase to
our forces, at home and abroad, is
pneumct ia, with scarlet fever next,
measles next and meningitis fourth.
We have been unable to trace any
deaths to disease contracted through
fmpure water. Therz can be no doubt
that the deatn rate among the men
is far lower than if they had re
-4 mained in civil life. We not only re
¢ move from them the danger of the
germ carrier, but we are watching
them every day and we begin treat-,
ment as the very first sign that a man]
is not fit.”
* %
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Is Sometimes Merely Cowardice,
Says Rockefell=r Founda
tion Expert.
NEW YORK, April 20.—Medical in
vestigators for the Rockefeller Foun
dation report that “shell shock” is
sometimes paralysis and sometimes
}cowardice. The Foundation has is
'sued the second part of its review of
fwar work in which it detailed its in
ivestiga,tions of shell shock and its
-expenditures for other war activities.
~ “The present war has shown strik
ingly that mental and nervous dis
eases play a prominent part in mili
tary mediciae. The term ‘shell shock’
3has heen nit upon to describe a wide
}mmge of cases from true paralysis to
'simple cowardice. To diagnose ac
[curately and to treat successfully
these nervous disorders has become a
' pressing need.
Expert Studies Malady.
*During the months of May and
Jure, 1917, Dr. Thomas W. Salmon, a
recognized authoerity in this field, vis
ited, at the expense of the Rockefel
ler Foundation, the British Isles,
where he made a study of the nature
and treatment of nesvous diseases in
the military hospitals.
“His report has been of value to
'the surgeon general's office in formu
lating an army policy for the treat
‘'ment and hospital care of nervous
diseases, and also in devising a plan
for examining volunteers and drafted
‘men in order to exclude persons who
‘are mentally or nervously unfit for
| military service.”
‘'he report referred to the estab
lishment of a portable military base
‘hospital on the grounds of the insti
tute: the demonstration of the Carrel
iDakin method of sterilizing wounds;
ithe preparation of serums for the
i(jovernmem and the distribution of
the same.
‘ Work of War Relief.
T gives details of the withdrawal
of the Rockefeller Institute’s War Re
lief Commission from Europe and the
lpla(-ing of this work in the hands of
‘the Red Cross with the donation of
\a fund to carry out its objects. On
this subject the report says:
. “The only work which the Founda
tion is directly administering in
Evorpe is an anti-tuberculosis cam
paign directed by the Foundation’s
international health board, and inti
mately related to the American Red
Cross relief.”
. The report tells of its work in army
camp activities and its aid in pro
viding entertainment, educational fa
cilities, moral safeguards and ideal
isgic influences. It says: ™
“To nearly all of the units that
made up this vast co-operation the
Rockefeller Foundation has granted
sums which aggregate $4,500,000, or
7% per cent of the total budget for
the entire undertaking.”
War Gardens Seen
~ Along the Railways
(By International News Service.)
MEMPHIS, April 20.—War gardens
are to be seen from the window of al
most any passenger train In the Soutm
In some secfions long strips of land
paralleling the right of way are in cul
tivation. A field thirty feet wide, or
less. and a half mile long. is not un
' common. There are innumerable little
,gardens to be found between the l:nd
of the crossties and the right of way
fence.
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—u———————————F HCATRUS & —
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\ MfANEWZS =Y I G _—THINT
\ ~,A \Afsb,;\DEp fIFORY ¢ PECPE }xur 0 THINK
BY SPANG
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~ The Real Colonel House
! The biography of the most powerful private citizen in ¢
3 the world starts in The Georgian tomorrow. ‘
§ For the first time the real story is told of how Colonel House é
{ has, without official position, used his influence and extraordi- ¢
! nary personality for the benefit of his country. How he picked g
§ Mayor Gaymor for President and why he rejected him. How i
{ Wilson was chosen and nominated. The inside stories_of the.
| campaigns of 1912 and 1916. The real reason of the President’s }
8 Mexican poliecy. His interviews with the Kaiser and the leaders 5
§ of,_rthe German Military Party during and since 1914. Thees- ?
, forts made by the President and Colonel House to avert subma- |
; rine warfare. The private information and European intrigue
¢ which shaped and justified the President’s war policies. :
To Get Every Part of It, Subscribe Today to
The Atlanta Georgian. ¢
‘Maw’d Like It’, He Says,
Sending Her War Cross
Major Plans to Carry Out Pledge to Alabama
Soldier to Take Medal to His Mother.
NEW YORK, April 20.—War is
coming closer to Florence, Ala.,
and to all of Lauderdale County,
for that matter, than it has since
fherman set out for the sea. Ma
jor George W. Simmons, a di
vision manager of the Red Cross,
who landed in an American port
the other day, is going to take
the war to Lauderdale County be
cause of th 2 promise he made a
few weeks ago in an evacuation
Lospital in France, where he was
introduced to F. A. H.
P, A H., a 8 Ihe nurse ex~
plained to Major Simmons, means
First American Here, in this case
Sergeant Homer Givens, of Flor
ence, Lauderdale ' Count, Ala.
The had offered to let Sergeant
Givens go back and tell his own
story. Such favors sometimes are
the portions of the lucky ones
who are F. A. H. and have twen
ty-three pieces of shrapntl and
eight drainage tubes in their
bodies, as Sergeant Givens had.
But Sergeant Givens allowed he'd
stick it out where he was and
perhaps get another crack at the
boche so much the sooner.
“I'm going back to America,”
Major Simmons said to him.
“Can I take any message for
you?”
“Maw’d Like It.”
‘‘T don’t like to put you out,”
said Sergeant Givens in Alabama
drawl, “but if you was ever up in
lauderdale County I wish you'd
just stop at Mrs. Givens’ in Flor
erce an’ give her this.”
He drew ‘rom an inner pocket
a brcnze pencant on a ribbon of
green and red. It™wgs the Croix
ae Guerre.
“Maw’d like it,” he explained.
Right then and there Major
Simmons made the bargain that’'s
going to take him down to Lau
derdale’s county seat just as soon
as he gets some pressing business
cut of the way at his home in St.
[.cuis, When he gets there he's
zoing to see to it that as much of
Lauderdale County as can get
into the county courthouse or into
-
ATLANTA, GA.,, SUNDAY, APRIL 21, 1918.
- Courthouse sSguare hears all
about Homer Givens. When he
gets through telling about Homer
and the applause has died down
and the fans get -o rustling again,
Major Simmons is going to ask a
woman named Mrs. Givens to
step forward and then he's go
" ing to pin to her bosom a bronze
ornament that hangs from a green
und red ribhon. He figures that
it will be wo:rth the trip.
For Homer Givens' story is
worth listening to even outside of
Lauderdale County, and with no
woman named Mrs. Givens in the
audience.
Story of Heroism.
It begins at 2 a. m. on August
2. Five Aumericans, constituting
an advanced post in No Man's
- Land, huddled in a shell hole,
ears to the ground, hoping to
snatch ‘rom the din of bombard
ment some warning of the force
they suspe:tad to be stealing to
ward them through the night.
They colld detect no suspicious
sound. Suddenly gray-clad fig
ures with rifles at the ready be
gan to rain upon them, feet first.
Four Americans clambered out
of the shell hole and scurried out
of No Man’s IL.and. The fifth re
mained. He was Private Homer
Givens. They found him later
where the Germans had left him
for dead. Three lifeless German
soldiers were his conpanions in
the shell hole, and his stiening
fingers clasped a clip that he was
lorcing into his Springfield when
teh shrapnel burst.
When he came €0 conscious
ness in the hospital he was Ser
geant Givens and F. A. H.,, and
shertly afterward received the
Croix de Guerre.
PATRIOTIC AUSTRIAN.
PITTSBURG, April 20.—1 n order that
his three sons who are serving in the
United States Army may not be weed
ed out as sglien enemies and that his
fourth son may serve the flag when
called in the next draft, John Kohn, a
native of Austria-Hungary, but intense
ly American, appeared before Federal
officers here and asked to be allowed to
take out citizenship papers.
' . S
Lieutenant Marks Sees Solution
of Transportation Problem and
Blow at German Morale if He
Shows We Can Fly to War Area.
Confident Trip Can Be Made by
Newfoundland-Ireland Route.
Tells How Men Making Flight
Could Be Equipped Adequately
By H. G. MARKS,
Late Lieutenant Royal Flying Corps.
NEW YORK, April 20.—After three
years' active service overseas, b2ing
unfit temporarily for further war fly
ing, I am ready if the arrangements
can be made, to attempt the trans-
Atlantic flight.
The object of this flight would be to
solve the problem of transporting our
super-bombing airplanes to the front,
lmereby releasing tonnage for the
'tmnsport.’xtion of munitjons and food,
and, if adopted as the means of de
livering this type of machine to the
theater of war, it will eliminate
months of delay on each individual
machine due to the dismantling after
l(e:ri’im:; at the factory, the packing
lthe freighting to the port of depart
ure, the long wait for available
space on an outgoing liner, the delay
due to the congestion of war mate
rials becoming greater in proportion
to our participation in the war, and,
¢if the liner nhas successfuliy evaded
'lhe submarine blockade, the unload
ing, the freighting to the base, re-
Inssembling and final testing, with a
high percentayge of damage by trans
portation due to the fragility of air
craft.
Too Few Airplanes.
From my experience there has
never been a time that the allies have
had alireraft sufficient to meet the
demands, especially now that the
training of pilots has progressed far
more rapidly than the output of ma
chines. From reports, this is espe
cially applicable to the American ex
peditionary forces, in which the fly- |
ing personnel are well represented. 1
Of service airplanes there are bu!l
two which were constructed in Amer- 1
ica. 'This shortage is due In ali |
probability to the difficulties of trans- ‘
portation, which would be partlally‘
overcome if the majority of planes
which would constitute the super
bombing type were flown across the
Atlantic.
This aerial route could also be
utilized to great advantage in carry
ing important dispatches between our
headquarters in the field and Wash
ington, D. C., making the trip in at
least one-fifth the time.
Blow at German Morale.
The successful trans-Atlantic flight
would cause consternation among the
German civilian population, and would |
have a depressing moral effect, due:
to our efficiency in conquering our |
present inability to deliver our air- |
Icraf[ without decreasing the shlp-}
ment of munitions and food to our
allies. Also it would contradict the
boast of their military leaders that
America would not increase the air
rower of the Allies, due to their in
adequate transportation facilities,
As the intial flight is to demon
strate that a certain type of service
machine can be flown across the At
lantic, there will be no departure of
the standard construction of that
type, excepting the installation of
larger sue! tanks, The trans-Atlantic
flight, inciuding the preparatory test
flights, would only consume 20 per‘
cent of the life of the machine, .'xf!er‘
which it could ba overhauled and
would be fit for still further service.
The machine which I will attempt
to secure for the flight is a twin-
Imotored biplane, having two twelve
’(:ylimler Rolls-Royce motors of 250-
horsepower each. The British Gov
‘ernment secures the entire output of
these machines, but arrangements
can be made to secure the release of
cne machine for the flight. This is
the machine which flew from London
to Asla Minor, bombed Constantino
ple, and returned; a trip of over 2,000
miles, carrying seven men, bombs,
supplies and spare motor parts, with
ttops only to secure additional fuel;
demonstrating that this machine s
capable of a continuous 2,000-mile
trip if the fuel-carrying capacity is
Continued on Page 5, Column 1.
Schumann-HeinkCommissioned
Contral_to Will Sing for Army
To Devote Rest of Year to Work
— our wonderful American boys in these
R cemps, there s only one thing to do.
SR That is, to ‘do one's bit,’ as the say-
J s‘*6 e i % ing goes.”
WBT At ) Four of Mme. Schumann-Heink's
R
AN 4RR 8 A sons are already in Government gerv-
X SO ; ice, The youngest, George Washing
b \ad ton, who enlisted In the navy while
T o ) |a student at Culver Military Acad
& ..:;1\;, S RN emy, was given special leave to at
*@ <m ™ .::;_-:-t tend his mothar’s concert at Carnegie
Lt el e T ") Hall and to accompany her to Wash
ey B ington.
i ?"“ B “Then he will go back to the naval
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Y
MME.. ERNESTINE SCHUMANN-HEINK.
NEW YORK, April 20.—A Govern
ment commission has just been re
ceived by Mme. Ernestine Schumann-
Heink to begin a tour of the United
States army cantonments, singing for
soidlers. From now until the end of
the year Mme. Schumann-Heink will
sing only under the direction of the
' Government for the army and navy,
’tor the Red Cross or for any war
charities at which she is officially
asked to appear.
The opera star has left for Wash-
Ington to fulfill the first engagement
of her new commission,
~ “Marching orders!” she cried,
blithely, when leaving at behest of
a telegram headed “U, S. Govern
ment.”
“I am very happy!™ said the great
singer. ‘T feel now that I am really
in the service of Uncle Sam!"”
~ The commission of Mme. Schu
lmann-Heirk is cause for particular
‘congratulation. Since the ‘war began
’she has been singing at every oppor
tunity between concert engagements
for the mea in training, until at Camps.
;Funston recently she was christened
“Mother of the Army.” She has been
‘decorated three times for “valuable
service,” and is the first woman
“honorary colonel” of the United
States Infantry. Her private sub
scription for Liberty bonds is more
than $20,0%0. She was the first opera
singer to offer her services to the
‘Government.
~ “But I was always ashamed of that
offer,” she said. ‘I had concert con
‘tracts made before the war to fulflll.{
you see. So to the Government II
could offer only part of my time. But
now I am singing my final concem‘
!ot the year. My arrangements will
5001 be completed, and 1 can give all
\my time to Government work.
“T will go where they send me and
'do anything that may seem useful.
jMy commission does not limit mo;
to singing, you see. Sometimes it
‘may be more fitting to nurse or ook
or scrub the floors. And all of those
thirgs I can do—as my son Gcorgfi}
says, ‘believe me!’ -’
“What songs will 1 sing? Wen,‘
whatever I thln’( the boys will ltke '
best. Always, of course, the insmrodj
‘Star-Spangled ijner,' and then‘
some simple little ballads that remind
them of home. Just the other day a!
new song came to me from a young
California composer. I think it is the
most beautiful soldier song I have
ever heard. ‘A Soldier's Dream’ is the
title—a simple, exquisite, tender, lit
tla song, telling a soldier’s vision o?
ris home ani mother. I sang it for
the first time at Carnegie Hall, ana
it was ro loved by the people 1 think
& will sing it always at cantonments,
“Never since the war began have [
been so happy as now, when I can go
heart-wholegf into the service of my
country. It}is little that I can do, I
know. Butffor any woman who has
bz2en, as [fhave, through the train
ing campsy arcund the country; forl
anvone wz has seen the spirit of
Y :
(Copyright 1913 by the
Georgian Campany.)
base at Norfolk,” satd Mme. Schu
mann-Heink. “How he loves the
navy, that child! And at school he
won prizes for horsemanship. I al
ways thought of him as in the cav
alry—but he would insist upon the
navy! Yes, he is a junior Instructor.
“Then another of my boys jokes
with me cruelly. This poor lad was
rejected for the army because some
thing was wrong with his toes. ‘Then
cut off the toes,’ he decided. I
thought he was mad, but the doctors
fixed his toes and he was accepted.
He became a fourth-class cook.
“One letter I had from him said
that his duties at present were—peel
irg potatoes-—he might not seem to be
doing much toward winning the war
—but, mother, I will say that I peel
my potatoes very thin.'
“When I was in Washington, T told
the story as a fine joke to a certain
officer. And a few days later I had a
telegram, very indignant, from my
boy. ‘Please, mother, stop telling that
potato story,’ it said. ‘Don’t you know
I've been promoted to second-class
cook.”
“Now I am talking of the light side
of my new work. But you must know
that I do not take it lightly. From
the bottom of my heart I am serfous
about helping In any way I can the
country which has been my home for
vears, and which I have to thank for
any svccess, any position I may have
gained. Surely the least I can do in
return for all the kindness, the love,
the hospitality sLown me by the great
United States is now to put my serv
ices at the Government's disposal.”
So the “Mother of the Army” hopes
to merit by deed the title already con
ferred upon her by hundreds of thou
sands of American soldiers.
' Today i
§ o
g No rmatter how confident
. within ourselves we may feel
¢ when the world moves along
smoothly for us, in a crisis
we need wise guidance and
strong support. The church
gives that guidance and
support.
! In this great natlonal crisis,
$ which to every loyal Amers
can i{s a personal one as wefl,
we will not only find com
fort in the message whicn
the church brings to us, but
a chart and guide to lead us
in the right way.
We always have need of the
church, but we need bher
more than ever now. There
is comfort and strength and
§ hope which is sure of ful
¢ fillment in hearing her word
5 and heeding her precepts,
Let everybody in Atlanta ac.
; cept the church’s invitation
{ today.
?
y . .
!
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b i L et LR be L 2 S e B
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|
vas
. . -
Reorganization of -Alir Progtams
' ' '
Easily Possible U nder Which
. 1
One Hundred Liberty Engines
|
Per Day Should Be Deliverods
' |
Delay in the Past [ls Laid by
Experts to the Placing of the
. '
Work of Production in Hand§
|
of a Board of Engineersy
WASHINGTON, April 20—-The
vestigations, official ane personal,.
air craft production in xecent weskay
bid fair to produce grat¥fying resultey
It is now easily posgible to bring abouly
an effective reorganization of our adrwy
craft program—one which wil prow
duce motors and planes by the thomss
sands in place of changed dawings
and specifications In an endlessy
stream from signal corps headquamse
ters,
There 13 a general irrxpression thel
the fate of our alrcraft program &
linked with the success or failus o
the Liberty motor, and thers has heeng
keen disappointment owver developwe
ments and official repox-ts which indte
cate that it has fallen far below thé
Washington predictions of last ST
mer. The merits and Aemerits of they
overvaunted | lberty mmotors are nog
yvet determined. Not orxe of them hag
vet been completed and tested actordey
ing to the latest specifications formoe
lated by the signal corps and the atrw
craft production board, but thers te
valid reason for the prediction that
under practical manasement and
single responsible head 1t will speodbe
ily become possible to baing about the
large production of a motor whicky
will serve excellently 1n driving ag
high spéeds some of the types off
planes. urgently required on the bates
tle fronts,
Not a Mechanical Marvel
The evidence Is conclusive that, theg
Liberty motor s or caxn be made &
good aviation motor. It {8 no mew
Chanical miracle; it is ot the greatesy
industrial achievement in Amerlcazs,
history; but it can be rmade to servey
many valuable purposes, and monthey
of time and millions of dollars haves,
not been wasted entirely through
system of engineering z@nd producti
Incapable of any high <legree of such
Ccess.
Within a comparatively short fl’
-provided a proper reorganization
motor production be effected—not |
than 100 Liberty motorss a day shonl
be delivered and shipped abroad,
later this figure should be more tham
doubled. These result=s shoull hawes
been attained months =ago—but thesly
water has run past the mill,
Liberty Motor Not the Key,
Our aviation success from a man
facturing standpoint, Frowever, do
not depend on the relative success
!rhv- Liberty motor. For more than
| vear American comparies have beomy
engaged in manufacturing on a conws
paratively large scale the Hispana-s
Suiza motor—the aviation motor moi
generally used in Fran ce—which
| done most to win for French dffiaes
| tors their splendid swaccess, Thess:
Inm!nra‘ are now being rnanufactured@
in quantities in the United States noly
only for our own Goverrment, but fes®
Il"l.‘xl.('w as well.,
Other American plamnts for morel
l than a year have been rxmaking a large
Ir‘vmxlu r of the parts ©f the Rollseg
' Royce, the standard B ritish aviatiogd
| model, one of the best types yot dee
| veloped in any country. Moreover, theh
| British factories which are buildings
lHr! s-Royce motors im large quanthe
| ties are equipped largely with Amerbe
| can machinery and A merican tools,
The official reason why the lem
motor was designed ana its large
duction planned was thzt “French an@
British machines, as & rule are nos
adapted to American rmanufacturing
methods, It would require a year o
more to teach Americar manufactur
ers to turn out such krighly spectale
ized machines.”
What One Firm ¥Hias Dons .
Since that announcernent, a singhg
American firm, the NV right-Martizs
Aircraft Corporation, hras turned oul
more Hispana-Suiza motors than t:‘
total Liberty motor pro«uction by
the concerns which hawve been 0
ating under contract wwith the m
ernment, s
It has thus been dermonstrated mg
there existed a year oxr mmore ago
reason which should ha we operated tah
prevent American rnanufacturenss
from copying and producing on &
large scale the Britiska and P‘mx}
tvpes of aviation motors which ha
already proved their worth Ineolp
with the fine types of alreraft
by the enemy, We hawve been minue
facturing the Hispama-Sulm ?g
France, and the Rol ls-Rloyco ¥
Britain, and, in the meantime havel
been attempting to design a typs of
our own on the plea that Amerlcam
manufacturers lacked the facmwn.:
the intelligence to cop> Britlh 4 }
French models of prove< suoccess,
Production experts of high reputes
: e ——— S 3
Con‘nucd.on Page G, Cohmef .