Newspaper Page Text
v " -
: ' Copyright, 1019, :
History’s Contrasts,
Kaiser and Liebknecht.,
‘““Red Rosa’’ and Cavell,
No Throne, a Garage,
By Arthur Brisbane
~~~~~ By Arthur Brisbane -~~~
Writers of history will find
strange contrasts in thi& war.
Edith Cavell, the English nurse,
is shot as a spy in Belgium.
Rosa Luxemburg, “Red Rosa,”
who lived with Jenin in Switzer
dand and taught him the Bolshe
vism with which he rules Russia,
is shot in Berlin by milder Social
ists that want a republic with or
der, not her prescription for curing
all ills,
- . .
The Kaiser, who dreamed of rul
ing the world, is a fugitive in Hol
land. The Allies and his own coun
try seek to extradite him, and hang,
guillotine or shoot him. .
- * s 0
Liebknecht opposed the Kaiser's
plan, he was one of the handful
that spoke out against him and
was put in prison. He opposed the
' war that has ruined Germany.
Now he is shot to death in Ber
lin with his companion, “Red Rosa.”
- . .
Part of the Kaiser's dream was
to provide sfx “newly carpeted”
thrones in Burope for his six sons,
as Napoleon supplied thrones for
his relatives and proteges.
The oldest Hohenzollern son
lives in a fisherman’'s hut on a
lonely island. No throne there.
Another son has found a job with
an automobile concern. He may
find there the peace of mind and
safety that he wouldn’t have found
on the throne.
- * ¥
The Hohenzollerns that for 700
vears had been building up power,
m good times and bad, began as
usurious money lenders in a poor,
~_barren country. They ruled Ger
many, Austria, Turkey, Bulgaria
and Greece, and intimidated neu
trals but a few months ago. Now
Ebert, the harnessmaker, rules in
Berlin, and Morges, a tailor, is the
head of the Brunswick Govern
ment, fighting the national Gov
ernment of the Berlin harness
maker. ~
" * - -
There are some contrasts for
you,
When the war began the United
States confined ‘itself to its own
continent. The President never
left his country. The newspapers
printed regularly George Washing
ton’s advice about “foreign entan-
glements.” s
Today the President is sitting
with the Prime Ministers of Fng
land, France and Italy and the Am- ‘
" bassadors from Japan and other
countries' in Paris‘. running this J
country by wireless, and helping to
settle the affairs of all the gevern
ments of the world.
These are a few contrasts that
will strike the future writers of
history. They will have to think
hard and steadily to present the
entire picture complete, with its
changes, meanings and its causes. |
That will not be done in this cen- |
tury. !
*- » ‘
When the war began Poland was
a nation chopped to pleces, diviged
up by the bandit countries, as
wolves divide and tear up a deer.
The end of the war sees Poland
going back to her old nationality,
with the approval of other nations.
And whom do you find at the head
of Poland in this movement of a
nation’s rebjrth?
Is it"a descendant of the Poni
atowski who, with bullets in his
body, blood streaming, jumpeéd his
horse into the river to swim across
and attack the enemy of Poland,
erying, “One must die like a
brave ?” ¥/
Is it a descendant of Kosciusko,
who helped this country in its fight
and for Poland started with 5,000
men to fight the whole of Russia?
No, none of the old Polish names.
The new head of Poland is Pad- |
erewski, the musician. The Poles
choose as their leader one repre
senting the intellectual genius, not
the fighting quality, of Poland.
- * .
Instead of a flerce fighter, vou
have the gentle musician as head
man in Poland. He has already
been shot once, and shot at five
times. ’
Great as she. has been in fight
ing, Poland-has been even greater
in the production of-genius. The
name of Copernicus will stand out
in real history thousands of cen
turies from now, when -every name
that you read in today's paper—
Woch, Clemenceau, Lloyd George,
Wilson—will be as completely for
gotten as the names of the gen
eral§ that fought under Caesar, or
the chiefs of the tribes t\at strug
gled here.
Belgians Were “Wise”
To Who Did Bombing
(By International News zvm.)
LONDON, Jan. 25.--A Belg town be
hind the German lnes was persistently
bombed by Allled airmen. The inhabitants,
to the intense rage of the German garrison,
were in the habit of turning out and en
thusiastically cheering these demonstra
tions, sald The London Daily News.
One day a group of planes appeared at
which no gun was fired from the earth,
"hey dropped bombs exclusively on the
Belgiun quarter, Next day the town was
pcarded with notices: ““The Belgian pop
?lulon is perfectly aware of the nation
ality of the airmen who dropped bombs
yosterday on ——" The incensed Germans
l..‘;.,mwoufluoflwm"
published th, document. c
If you have any difficulty In buy
ing Hearst's Sunday American any
where in the South, notify Circula
tion Masuager Hearst's Sunday Amer
ican, Atlanta, Ga.
VOL. V. NO. 42.
.
Morrison Says Employgrs Dis
charge Men, Rehiring Them
at Pre-War Pay.
I .
FEARS BOLSHEVISM IS NEAR
'Labor Federation Secretary Gives
, Out Public Statement Pointing
| Out Dangers.
' (By International News Service.)
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26—Frank
Morrison, secretary of the American
Federation of Labor, told the Interna
tional News Service that ever since
the armistice was signed employers
/“in various parts of the country have
Sheen discharging their workers and
rehiring them at prewar wages, pro
moting unrest, 1.-W.-W.-ism and Bol
shevism.”
Whether or not he believed this is
the result of a concerted movement or
{conspiracy. Morrison would not say.
“] have information from the heads
of several international unions,” Mor
rison said, “that employers in various
parts of the country are discharging
their interest not to aid this element.”
reapply for work at the prewar scale.
“This is done in an effort to get
cheap labor.
“It creates a condition among work
ers in which the 1. W. W, and Bol
shevists receive sympathetic consider
ation.
“It is to be regretted that large em
ployers can not realize that it is to
their intevest not to aid this elem~n."”
Horrison paced the floor of his office
in the American Federation of Labor
Building when he made this statement
public, and plainly showed his concern
over possibilities of unrest in the
country because of this alleged ac
tion.
He did not attempt to hedge or
evade the issue in the dangers attend
ant upon the action of the employers
in what he termed *“an attempt to
gain cheap labor.”
Diving of Hun U-Boat
Was i%l Reality Fatal
Plunge of Fritz Craft
’ (By International News Service.)
LONDON (by mail).—An interest
| ing operation which resulted in the
destruction of a German submarine
l was carried out by a destroyer and
. some patrol vessels a few months
. ARO.
I Soon after Ba.m. an explosicn was
. observed at sea, although nc ship
coul¢ be seen in the vicinity of the
disturbance. It seemed probab.e that
a mine had exploded on, the surface,
which pointed to the possibilily of
a 1 enemy submarine being somewhere
near. Listening watch was therefore
carried out by a number of auxiliary
patrol vessels, under the direction of
a destrover. A depth charge attack
was carried out, after which four mo
tor launches were left to listen, while
the destroyer and three motor launch
es proceeded to a position ofe and a
quarter miles away. Here they ear
ried out another depth charge uttnc’...
and then carried o* listening watch,
A submarine was how heard by tha
destroyer, so the commanding «ifcer
ordered some of his craft to move
away from the spot, in order to make
the enemy think the hunting ecraft
bad gone off. Seventeen minutes la
ter the submarine broke surface about
700 yards south of the destroyer and
only 200 yards from the nearest motor
launch., ~Unfortunately, both motor
launches and destroyer were unafvor
ably placed for gunfire, being cither
stern on, or fouling each other's
range. The submarine was only vis
ible for about twenty second, but the
nearest motor launch manager to fire
two rounds, which, however, just
missed. The submarine went down at
an angle of 50 degrees, and was at
tacked by depth charges, the position
beln{ afterward buoyed. A consil
crable quantity of thick brown oil
and air bubbles rose to. the surface,
but no wreckage.
Nothing was seen or heard during
the night, so a further attack by
,Cepth charge was carrled out pext
mornfng. Oil and air bubbles con
tinued to rise, and afterward an elec.
tric H?‘ht bulb coyered with oil marked
“Brush Vienna--200 volts, 8 candle
power, 3 1-2 watt,” was picked up.
Clarkson Asks Great
Roosevelt Memorial
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26.-~By dlrection
of Secretary Baker, Grosvenor B. Clark
son, director of the Council of Natlonal
Defense, has requested aIN State, county
community and municipal councile of de
fense to make successful the natlon-wide
arrangements for memorial service for
Theodore Roosevelt on February 9. e
sald:
‘““Because of the peculiarl; nonpartisan
eraracter of the great council of defense
system, it is singularly fitting that the
foregoing ection shouli te taken. "The
honoring 'f Theodore Roosevelt I 8 A mat
ter that trans> nuds party belief snd per
sonal prejudice. He lived greatly for
America and that is enough to justify
even those who opposad him in mourning
his death.” .
il oil
. - ,
President’s Wife Gives
Photograph to Church
(By International News Service.)
LONDON, Jan. 26.—Mrs. Woodrow Wil
son, wife of the President, has presented
her autographed photograph to Bt. George's
Church Gravesend, where her ancestress,
Pocahontas, lles buried. The presentation
wag made through the Damea of Virginia
and the plcture was hung in the vestry
beneath the likeness of the Indian Princess,
whose infant son, Thomas, became Gov
ernor of Virginia, and founded some nota
ble Virginia families, including the Mur
rays, Flemings, Gays, Whittles, Robertsons,
‘!mnd‘a‘-, Randolphs and the Bollings.
Mrs. lson signed the picture “Hdith
ll‘llhl’ Wilson.
\t;___;’ — A R e a 7
—C j::—:(jjé:::' — "r:\;{s'fi.‘ :-‘»‘_":.‘i: ;' Q f:";‘;‘\\_.;\\*"?'_/"_/.
B UM W TR >ol
Aet ”l
<ll S
.
: Convicted Man
Stays Home for
Over a Year
(By International News Service.)
LEVELAND, Jan. 25.—Bosario
C Spinello for more than a year
has been supposed to be serv
ing a term in the. penitentiary for
manslaughter. And all during that
time he has been at his home with
his wife and seven children—either
there or at his work in a factory
here. The authorities merely ne
. glected to come and get him. He did
not attempt to eyade the serving of g
his sentence. But he was not going
to go to the police and insist on it.
He did not even dodge policemen who
) knew he had been convicted, he says.
’ The crime was committed more
than two years ago. For a year the
case was in the courts. Then the
Appellate Court sustained the ver
dict and ordered the sentence exe
cuted. But papers ordering his ar
rest, giving the police official infor
mation of the decision of the Appel
{ late Court, were stuck in a pigeon
hole somewhere, and it was not until
the middle of January that they
came to light and the police went
to Spinello!s homé and took him
g away to jail
AA A A A
\
|
‘ EH
|
\
~ (By International News Service.)
WASHINGTON, Jan. 25.—“The pa
triot who saved those thousands of
pounds of sugar in response t 6 the
;ca.ll of the food administration must
get ready to provide himself with
food by the spadeful,” said Mr.
‘Cha.rles Lathrop Pack, president of
the National War Garden Commis
‘sion.
“A great work was done in food
saving,” continued Mr. Park, “but be
fore we can save food wq must pro
duce it. The Victory gardener this
year has a greater work cut out for
him than ever before. w |
“The National War Garden Com
mission is sending out thousands of
posters and garden books to garden
committees threughout the country.
Now .is the time to complete organi
zation work w:‘:&cbe ready for the
word of the TR R
“The United States Rallroad Ad
ministration, through its agricultural
agents, is now distributing thousands
of these posters. The Christian En
deavor Societies of the country h:nve\
been called to the?nranks of the sol
aiers of the soil a general letter
just sent out by the Rev. Francls E.
Clark. Posters and garden- books
have been sent to the gas companies
and the banks of the country, calling
upon them to enlist in this new war-——
the war for food.
“In 1918 a great work was done by
the banks and gas companies. The
banks everywhere consider the home
food producer a good customer. In
many places banks had the land
plocughed and ~co-operated in othet
ways in getting thingg planted. Then
they followed this with canning con
tests at which prizes were given for
the Lest work. ¢
“There must be no let down at tnis
juncture,” concluded Mr, Pack. “We
read of the President calling for food
for the people in the stricken areas of
Europe. A great readjustment pe
riod is now upon us and everything
posaible must be done to produce food
close to the peint of consumption.
The world calls for food and that call
must be answered or worse than war
will follow that call.”
‘Herbert H 'Gets
.Herpert noover uets
.
. '
Away; Causes Panic;
He Is an Alligator
(gly International News Service.)
ST, LOUIS, Jan. 25.—Herbert Hoov
er_is missing. \
s#le slipped aw@y on a street car |
here, causing a panic among the pas.
sengers and crew, and cnnfllde?le |
consternation to a young womarf of
East St. Louis. \
For this Hoover is a six-inch baby |
alligator that arrived here from Flori
da. He was named after food admin- 1
istrator because he won't eat a bite
until March and then only once a ‘
week that is, if someone finds him to |
give him™~the food. :
Mlss Velma Scott received the tiny |
animal as a gift. She took her new ‘
pet with her on the car., Herbert
was in a box, safely closed in, she
thought, so she placed him in a nice ‘
cozy place on the heated side of the
car. <
Herbert must have thought he was
back in sunny Florida, for he wiggled
out of the box. When Miss Scott |
summoned the crew and the passen
gers to help find him, but without |
success. ~ |
The idea of an alllgator having the
freedom of the car didn't appeal to
some of the women passengars. Some
stood on the seats and demanded to
be let off at the next stop. |
“wr»
Hundreds Mulct “L
. . v
Daily With Checks
BOSTON, Jan. 26.--Bar checks. wmgar
coupons, soda - checks, cancelod movie
tickets and other countacfoits for vt eet
rallway tickets are being Slipped into the
fare hoxes of the RBosiom elevateld. Gen
eral Manager Emmons (s author!ty for
the statement. Two hundred such sub
stitutes were found when one day's re
turns were canvassed,
Other patrons, the general manager
said, are not ho&grmn the fare bhoxes cven
with counterfeifS. They wsimply make a
vague méve toward the box and pass on
into the car. In order to remedy the sit
uation metal tokens for fares are to be
introducel shartly.
One Visit to Gotham
~
Causes Wedding Record
(By International News Nervice.)
LONDON, Jan. 26.--One little brief visit
to New York so speeded up Joseph Alfred
Caulfield that he sget himself a matrimo
nial record immediately upon his return to
London. And he's since been slowed up
with a two months’ sentence,
~ Caulfield met a girl in Hyde Park, pro
posed, was m-m-,pt;d and married the next
day. MHe took hesd to a hotel and the fol
lowing day disappeared.
l"ul-e daelm‘nlunn ll;or the pnroo;o of pro
curing a marriage ccb‘,'u the char
at cnfl Balley. ' g -
ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, JANUARY 26, 1919,
Oriental Republic to Insist on
Repossession of Port of
Tsing Tau.
JAPAN ALSO DESIRES IT
Bay and Lands Around Kiao Chow
Were Leased to Germany
in 1897. .
(By International News Bervice.)
WASHINGTON, Jan. 25.-—Repos
session of Kiao Chow and the port of
Tsing Tau will be among the claims
of China at the peace conference, ac
cording to highly authoritative diplo
matic advices received here.
This is the first intimation of what
the claims of China will be at the
peace table, and discloses that the re
quest may cause a controversy at the
peace conference, for this territory
and port will also be claimed by
Japan.
“Kiao Chow and Tsing Tau were
seized by Japan from Germagpny soon
after war broke out. In 1897 the Ger
man fleet seizéfl the lands on both
sides of Kiao Chow Bay, of which the
port is Tsing Tau, for reparation of
the alleged murder of two German
missionaries.
it was afterward arranged that the
bay and lands, aggregating about 117
square miles, should be leased to Ger
many for 99 years.
Posession of the Chinese Eastern
Railroad, the opening of Mongolia and
Thibet to commerce, and “many other
points concerning the integrity and
soverignty of China” will be sought at
the peace table, according to the ad
vices.
“The attitude of the United States
on Such ¢laims will be one, of great
‘importance,” it is stated, “as Presl-;
dent Wilson’s popularity in China is
great. He is looked on there as the‘
greatest man known to history, and
his opinions are considered lrrevoca-‘
ble.”
Exodus of Mexican
Labor Will Follow
. -
Revokugg of Law
(By International News Service.) /
LAREDO, TEXAS, Jan. 25.—The
revoking by the Department of La
bor of the exceptions contract labor
law, instituted several months ago
as a war measure to permit the im
portation to this country of Mexi
can Jaborers to work at agricultural,
industrial and railroad building pur
suits, as well as in the mines and
other places where unskilled labor
was needed during the war, will re
sult in stopping the large influx of
Mexican laborers Thto this country,
now that the positions are to be
given back to the men who laid
aside their ¢éivilian work to join the
fighting forces of the United States.
Several thousand Mexican labor
ers, including men, women and
children, came from Mexico to the
United States to accept employment
under the contract labor measure,
being met at the border by labor
agents 0f the concerns needing their
help, or else were sent to various
portions of the country by the
United States employment service,
put now the immigration officials
announce that as soon as practica
ble these hx:mrera will be returned
to Mexico ahd their places taken by
the men who gave up the positions
to enter the fighting branches of the
country.
The old law of the Immjigration
Department making it necessary
that all alien laborers be able to
read and write and also be required
to pay a head tax before being ad
mitted to this countyr, is again in
effect, and no Mexican laborers will |
be admitted under the war measure
plan. Those excepted will be some
few who were contracted for by
railroads before the contract plan
was revoked, and who are necessary
to carry on railroad construction
work planned.
While a large number of Mexican
laborers have been returning to
Mexico recently to spend the winter
in their warm country, it is pre
dicted that soon there will be thou
sands more who will have been re
leased from their work by the re
turn of the soldiers from abroad.
.
Officer Shows His Gun,
.
Also Bottle in Kansas
(By International News Service)
KANSAB CITY, Jan, 28 -—"CGotta gun?”
asked Police Sergeant Pat Lyons, of the
Kansas side force, of E. T. Ware, a spe
cial officer on duty tlulln{vtha car strike.
“Sure, Mike,"” replied are, pulling a
revolver from his pocket
Sergeant Lyons saw a bottle, apparently
whisky, sticking out of the special offi
cer's pocket,
Ware insisted in court that he merely
pleked up the bottle on A street car, when
facing a charge of vielating the ‘“‘bone
dry” law of Kansas. The case was con
tinued,
.
From Private to Major
In Five Months 21 Days
(By International News Service,)
ROCKDALE, MASS., Jan. 25.-—Rising
from the ranks to major in the army in
a period of five months and twenty-one
days was the remarkable achlevement of
J. H. Rogers, of this town. Previous to
enlisting In the Coast Artillery Rogers
was treasurer ofw a knife manufacturing
company here.
[”HUPE .
i
\
\
} J ; .
English Writer Warns of Revolu
} tion if/President's Terms Are
; Not Accepted.
i ———
'URGES LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Fears England Has Already Given
~ Up Some Principles That
: Defeated Germany,
By ARNOLD BENNETT,
One of the Foremost Writers on Pub
| lic Opinion in Great Britain.
; LONDON, Jan. 22.—According té
Great Britain’s official statements, she
'stands for trying the ex-Kaiser, mak
ing Germany pay, clearing all Ger
mans out of Britain and a better
‘Britain for all.
~ You will notice that a better Bri
‘tain for all runs last.
1 The two main items of the great
i and statesmanlike scheme are
4§ying the Kaiser and making Ger
-Imany pay the whole cost of the war
With the expulsion of all Germans as
a good third,
You will discoveh, as soon as the
‘coalition actually gets to work, that
‘the coalition does not in fact stand
for thesé fine ideals. It is as certain
as anything can be in international
politics that the Kaiser will not be
tried. He may be punished, and 1
hope he will, but he will not be gen
uinely tried. The leading coalition
ists know as well as anybody, and
they always did know, that he can
not be genuinely tried. |
Further, it is absolutely certainthat
all Germans will not be expelled from
Britain. Nor half of them, nor a
quarter of them, nor a tenth of them.
And the leading coalitionists know
this, too.. S ie e ‘
~_ Thirdly, it is absolutely certain that
Germany will not pay the whole cost
of the war. And .’tho leading coali
tionists were always well aware that
there was never any hope of com
pelling her to do so.
Despite the Yantastic calculations of
our coalitionist financiers, it will take
Germany all her time to pay for the
mere clvil damage she has done in
the countries actually invaded by her
and for the ships she has unlawfully
and wantonly sunk,
Ih international politics what does
our coalition stand for? )
Nobody but the high priests of
wire-pulling can positively tell. Nev=
ertheless, by a process of reasoning
one may perhaps arrive at sgome
ueeful conclusion, ’
That process of reasoning must be
gin by a question: Why has the Pres
ident of the United States come to
Europe? In doing so he has broken a
rrecedent that has never before been
broken in the whole history of hls
country, % *
M?rvover, it is credibly reported
thatihe came to FEurope with his jaw
set, full of tremendous determination,
and armed with*an ultimatum,
Surely this historic journey and
this stern attitude are very strange,
seeing that only a few months ago
the fourteen points of a peace basis
epunciated by him were, with one
doubtful exception, warmly acclaimed
by the whole world as just and prop
er and desirakle and the only firm
foundation for a lasting” concord of
nations! |
Surely there was no need for him
to leave America in order to :nsist on
points which everybody was eager to
accept! ¢ |
Why? |
Then why did he come? |
The sole credible answer to the
question is that, after the overwhelm
ing Allied victory, the Allies were no
longer so ready as before to accept
Ris fourteen points of even-handed
justice, and that little by little, under
the influence of the selfish passions
aroused by conquest, some of the Al
les have shown signs of an intention
to throw over some of the essentla!
fourteen points, ‘
If this Is not so, if the President is
not afraid for the safety of his four
teen points, then his visit is mean
ingless. But the President is not a
man addictad to meaningless acts, \
| The Fourteen Points. |
And one may reason further, |
One may fairly argue, from Mr,
Witeon's pregence in Kurope, that not
merely have some of the Allies aban
doned some of the essential fourteen
points, but that Great Britain herseif
fourteen points--those very points
upon the fafth of which Germany laid
down her arms, |
For, if the United States and Great
Britain stood absolutely shoulder to
shoulder about the peace terms, thero‘
would be no cause for elther the‘
United States or Great Britain to
worry, The rest of the world would
fall into line and trouble would be
eliminated, ‘
Here 1 reach the last link of my
chain of reasoning, which is that,
since the coalition represents Great
Britain, the coalition does not stand
far President Wilson's fourteen
points,
My reasoning may be wrong, |
I hope it ‘is; for I am convinced
that if the President fails to get all
his main points at the peace confer
ence and retires baffled, revolution
throughout Kurope will be the out
come,
The fourteen points are the only
—naeessetl & |
[ Continued on Page 2, Column 1/
¢ ‘.
- How Much Money Is
5
| $38,000,000,000?
5 . . . .
; UNCLE SAM'S INSURANCE FIGURES:
¢ TOTAL INSURANCE IN FORCE ..............$38,800,000,00n
% Insurance applicdtions ...... s .Bheiv saadeies 4,000,000
Allottient and allowance applications .......... 4,250,000
§ Inividual ofrd Fecordn ... vesaessrsissanird 36,000,000
3 Letters received and answered ....oeeeiqe.. . 3,500,000
$ LHOERE BONE OGNO TR .i\ 00. .y v viisines s 9,000,000
Monthly outhut of chesks (i e iuobesvekons ia 1,000,000
g Total money disbursed to date ~............... 3,000,000
Insurance benefits awarded to date s
§ (computed value)/.....cov:smssisesses¥os 180,000,000
g Personnel of bureau ...... .¢.cs.cens....About 14,000 people
{ Number of buildings,occupied by bureau in Washington....ls
; —_—
' AND, SO FAR AS SOLDIERS’ AND SAILORS’ IN.
g SURANCE COMPENSATION AND ALLOTMENTS ARE
¢ CONCERNED, THE BUREAU IS JUST A LITTLE
f; MORE THAN ONE YEAR OLD!
§ . vt
? If all the money represented by the Government’s Insur
{ ance were converted into silver dollars, and if these dollars were
! laid end to end they would make a double railroad track entire
; ly circling the globe.
% If you laid thirty-eightbillion déllars end to end they would
make more than 1,500 bridges from here to France. If the
bridges were five feet wide you would have more than 70 bridges
of dollar bills,
Thirty-eight billion silver dollars piled one upon the other
would make almost 700,000 columns as high as the Washington
monument. -
Thirty-eight billion dollars represents about $45 a minute
since the birth of Christ.
&
Viscount Grey Tells
o
Why He Thinks World
Needs Peace League
“What I Want to See Is a T:—ouguo of Nations
Formed, Not to Make Rules of War, But One
to Prevent A»llaFutm‘q. Wars.”
: By VISCOUNT GREY, :
Former British Minister of Foreign Affairs.
The guestibn of a league of nations’
is becoming daily more important, not‘
only for itself, but because it is most
closely bound up with a queation‘
whlck}. 1 think, is going to be of the
greatest importance in our foreign af
fairs, that of our relations with the
United States of America.
1 see no reason whatever why the
naval policies of the United States
and Great Britain should not only not
P)me into conflict, but should not be
n close co-operation and conciliation.
This ought to be comparativély easy,
provided the peoples are perfectly
frank on both sides and did not letl
misunderstandings grow up as to!
what each meant.
We hear from the United States
that there is a great amount of talk
about the freedom of the seas, that
President Wilson attaches great im
portances to it, and that it is antici
pated or feared that it will create dif
ficulties between himself and our Gov.
ernment.
Well, I think it Is a great pity that
g 0 much has been said about the free
dom of the seas without its being de
fined, It is Tuite true that there is a
considerable prejudice against the
phrase in this country, greatly due, I
sthink, to the fact that it is believed
to be a German phrase.
Now, it is not a German phrase.
It is an American phrase,
It was made in the United States,
and the Germans adopted it, and used
it for their own purposes, In a sense
and with an intention to which we
never could have agreed. Therefore,
it has never become very popular.
Awaiting a Definition.
What we have to consider is what
the United States means, what Pres
ident Wilson means, by the phrase
“freedom of the seas.” Until he de
fines it, until he comes to discuss it
with our Government, there is no need
to anticipate that there will be diffi
culty about agreement.
What does it mean?
Does it mean freedom of the seas In
time of peace?
If 80, we agree,
Wherever the British navy has been
in a position to exercise influence and
power on the seas in time of peace
there it has exercised that influence
impartially, for the freedom of the
seas for all nations, without distine
tion,
Distinction in the U. 8.
1 think that even in the United
States they have some rule that for
eign ships are not allowed to carry
goods between United States ports
and the Phllippines.s. Some other
countries have had a rule of the same
kind.
Well, we have never had a rule like
that.
We have been more completely for
the freedom of the seas in time of
peace than .any other nation, and,
however strong our navy has been, we
have never varied In recent times on
that point, and we have used our sea
power, however great it has been, for
impartial freedom of the seas, for
every other nation, just much as our
selves, in tithes of peace.
T think we ought 'to receive a little
more recognition than we do receive
for the fact that we have never used
British naval power in time of peace
to make use of the seas for ourselves,
without making it at the same time
more easy for others on the same
terms,
U. S, and Blockade of Germany.
If the question is one of freedom of
the seas, not in time of peace, but in
war, then I would say this:
The United States in this war has
taken, as we all know—as we all most
(Copyright, 1913, by the
Georgian boxgm&jy.)
gratefully recognize—a part in the
last two years of the war without
which we could not have had the suc
cess which the Allies have now won.
You can not emphasize that fio
much or express too much apprecia
tion of it.
* Since the United States entered the
war the United B‘ntas has not only
acquiesced in, but® as I believe, has
most strongly co-operatéd in carrying
out the blockade of Germany.
In the early stages of the war it
was not so.
. Our blockade cotnld not have been
nearly so complete, because the
United States raised many questions
about it. But in the later years of
the war the blockade was made com
plete with the co-operation of the
United States, and without that
blockade success in the war could
not have been won. Indeed, without
that blockade Germany might have
won the war, ‘
Case of a Future War, |
Now, suppoging you had this situa
tion over again. Supposing you had
again to fight a war like this against
a Germany which had behayed in the
same way.
It is impossible to suppose that the
United States is going to say that
there is to be no blockade.
It is impossible that the TUnited
States should now take up the line
that if you had to deal with Ger
many over+again the blockade, which
was an essential of success, should
not be allowed. Why, that would
stultify everything that they ' have
done in this war. I think jt i ab~
solutely impossible. I think it really
an insult to suggest that the United
States would in future advocate any
course in a war such as is inconsist
ent with the line they havé taken in
this war, and that is one of complete
blockade of the offending nation.
’ “Freedom of the Seas.”
If that be so, do not we come to
this, that probably what is in Presi
dent Wilson's mind is that freedom of
the seas should be secured to any na
tion which observes the covenant of a
league of nations and should he de
nied to any nation which breaks that
covenant of a league of nations?
If that be so, then a league of na
tions is the solution of the whole
question,
But what I want to see is a league
of nations formed, not to make rules
of war, but to prevent all war;
formed to insist that when disputes
arise between two countries those
disputes should be settled by some
means other than that of war,
If one nation is willing to settle
these disputes other than by war, as
it would be bound to do by covenant
with the league of nations, and ant
other refuses, then the whole league
sides with the nation which is willing
to settle against the one which is not.
I do not see why Britain should not
accept the formula that if g league of
nations is formed there i 3 complete
freedom of the seas so long as the
covenants of the league are observed,
but if the covenant of the league is
broken then there is no freedom of
the Seas, and every~means is used
against the power which has broken
the covenant, A
In conclusion, the struggle out of
which we have just emefged has
shown that all attempts to make war
humane is futile, and terrible as this
conflict has been, the horrors are
nothing comparable to what they
would be if another econflict occurred
twenty years hence.
There ought to be an gaqulry as to
those responsible for deliberate cruel
ties, and such punishment inflicted as
would be for all future generations as
warning.
4
' THIS EDITION CONSISTS OF
The Following Sections:
‘ I==Late News, Society, 3--Magazine,
} 2—Editorial, City Life, d4—Comios.
Sports, ¥
} BE SURE YOU GET THEM ALL.
__PRICE SEVEN CENTS,
|
Assistant Secretary Thomas B,
Love Tells How Government
Underwrote 38 Billions of Risk
Men Can Continue Cheap Invest«
ment-—More Than Four Millign
in Grand Total of Beneficiaries,
By HON. THOMAS B. LOVE,
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
Uncle Sam is operating the great
est insurance organization ' in the
world—and he is in the insurance
business to stay!
America’s entry into the war madg
it necessary for the Government to
perfect some organization which Zave
protection to parents, or the wives
or children of the men who went
away to fight. And so 1t inaugurated
its Government insurance business,
which, from a modest beginning, has
grown, in a trifle more than a year
to the greatest business in the world.
Since October, 1917, the Government
of the United’ States has written $38,«
000,000,000 worth of insurance—a to~
tal not only greater than that of any
Insurance organization in the ‘world,
but greater than the combined writ
ing of all the insurance concerns in
the Unitad States, X
And the end of the war has not
ended Uncle Sam as an insurance.
man. He is in the insurance business
for the soldiers and sailors of Amer
ica to stay. The insurance that was
issued to his 4,000,000 warriors will be
continued permanently--if the men S 0
wish. Every man who was in the
army or navy service of this country
during the war will be privileged to
carry along the insurance at rates far
nder those which he could secure
from any ordinary insurance com
pany. It is one of the ways in which
Uncle Sam is rewarding his boys who
’nhowed their willingness to lay down
fthdr lives for him. !
| Started With Five,
The story of war risk mlun.aeo”
which reads like a romanee, begins in
‘the dark recesses of a Government
building and ends by reaching out to
4,000,000 homes.
In September, 1914, five persons—a
bureau chief, his assistant, two clerks
and a negro messenger—occupying an
obscure basement room in the Treas
ury Building in Washington, consti
tuted the entire personnel of the hu
reau of war risk insurance. Thein
work at that time consisted of writing
Government insurance on the hulls
and the cargoes of America’s insignifi
cant merchant marine.
Early In 1917, when the United
States entered the war, the force had
grown to 35 persons, because the
United States Government had se
cured additions to its merchant ma
rine fleet through the seizure of Ger
man and Austrian vessels. |
Pension or Insurance?
As the men of this nation took up
arms to fight for the freedom of the
world, the Government realized that
something must be done immediately
to reassure and sustain their loved
ones. Justice required it, gratitude
impelled it, morale demanded it,
The pension system had been tried
in other wars. It was a:: antiquated
method at its best, So ething had
to be done to hearten the men who
were going away to fight. They had
no hesitancy and no fear for them
selves. They were willing to lay down
their lives for their country. But the
thought of their bassing and leaving
their loved ones unprotected was a
thought which somewhat undermined
their morale,
And then came the idea. Govern.
ment Insurance for every man in the
army and navy who wanted it; insur
ance in generous amount and at a
premium rate that was within reach
of every man who entered the serv.
ive.
New, Novel Experiment.
On October 6, 1917, President Wil«
Son annexed his sgnature to a pros
saile looking document in the presi.
dential room of the Capitol—and the
Government insurance idea had be
come a reality—an idea had “been
developed into an actuality—and the \
great Adventure was begun.
Would the plan be a success?
No other country in. the world
ever attempted to underwrite the
lives of its warriors. America's ex
periment was a new and novel one.
As the project was launched there
was considerable sgpeculation as to
whether or not it would prove suc
cessful,
But even hefore the first week had
ended it had become a phenomenad
success, In the first seven days the
Government wrote more insurance
than some private companies had
written in generations. In a momth
the total went far ‘?c\yond the billion
mark--and the figidres increased by
leaps and bounds with every passing
hour,
The “Red Letter Day.” e
' The “red letter day” as regards ,
writing of policies was on February
14, 1918, when $301,000,000 worth of
Government insurafice was taken oWt
—a total greater than any private
life Insurance company has written
in a single year. } ol
(}uvemaient insurance for its wars 4
Confli‘,ud on Page 5, Column & '
i -